Dissertationen zum Thema „Canaux potassiques – Effets physiologiques“
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Rodrigues, Nuno. „Recherche et évaluation d'antalgiques originaux : les activateurs des canaux potassiques TREK-1“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnalgesics used today are old products and several of them date from the 19th century. Morphine remains the analgesics of reference for pains called by excess of nociception, but it is at the origin of awkward and serious side effects. It was shown that the analgesic effect of morphine passed by the activation of potassium channels TREK-1. The objective of this work is thus to develop original analgesics, activators of TREK-1. We synthesized activators of TREK-1 described in the literature and we evaluated their analgesic activity in vivo (writhing test) which enabled us to identify CDC as a lead molecule. We then synthesized 43 analogues of CDC which we evaluated for their analgesic effect and their ability to activate TREK-1 channels (electrophysiology). These molecules were prepared in 3 to 12 steps with yields ranging from 3 to 72 % by using reactions such as : aldol reaction, Watsworth and Horner’s olefination, Peterson’s olefination, esterification … Very promising results emerged from this structure-activity relationship study with 8 molecules which display a very good analgesic effect (>50% inhibition of pain) as well as a good activation of TREK-1 channels (R> 2). Finally we analyzed the results of this study by molecular modeling (QSAR) which enabled us to identify the essential structural characteristics of these molecules
Blanchet, Christophe. „Caractérisation de la réponse cholinergique des cellules ciliées externes cochléaires“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28490.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBétourné, Alexandre. „Etude pharmacologique de la synapse Fibres Moussues / CA3 : rôles de la dynorphine, du zinc et des canaux KATP KIR6.2/SUR1 dans la mémoire contextuelle chez la souris“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/419/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work analyses the putative involvement of several actors of the mossy fibers/CA3 synapse in the processing of contextual memory in mice. The CA3 of hippocampus forms a structured autoassociative network thought to process complex learning and episodic-like memories. Mossy fibers (MF), the main excitatory projections from dentate gyrus granule cells to the CA3, are essential for driving the storage of informations. MF terminals contain high amounts of vesicular zinc co-released with glutamate. Zn2+ has been shown to play the role of an atypical neurotransmitter in the hippocampus and might be required for the processing of memory at MF/CA3 synapses. 1- The hippocampus contains high amounts of Dynorphin, an opioid peptide co-released with glutamate from mossy fiber synapses. We performed transient pharmacological modulation of MF presynaptic Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) using bilateral microinjections in the CA3. Single injections of a selective agonist, antagonist or both, were performed immediately after conditioning C57BL/6J mice in a fear conditioning paradigm (FC). The agonist specifically decreased context-induced response suggesting that CA3-KOR are involved in the early consolidation of contextual memory processing. Importantly, among many other targets, KOR are sensitive to zinc modulation. 2- Previous works in our laboratory have shown the involvement of zinc released by MF in contextual memory (Daumas et al. , 2004). In order to improve our knowledge on the role played by MF-Zn2+ in memory, we injected specific naked siRNAs targeting the ZnT3 transporter, a protein internalizing zinc in MF synaptic vesicles. Repeated injections of different siRNAs either in the dentate gyrus or in the lateral ventricles were nearly without effects on mice behaviour in the FC and failed to alter hippocampal zinc levels. Meanwhile, we adapted the well known electropulsation technique in order to introduce nucleic acids in restricted brain areas of adult mice under brief anaesthesia. We will apply this technique for the delivery of anti-ZnT3 siRNAs in future experiments. 3- Finally, we evaluated the involvement of hippocampal ATP-sensitive potassium Kir6. 2/SUR1 channels (KATP) in learning and memory. .
Fagnen, Charline. „Etudes structurales, fonctionnelles et de la dynamique conformationnelle d’un canal à potassium Kir : vers le mécanisme moléculaire d’ouverture et de fermeture de ce canal“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels are transmembrane proteins involved in fundamental physiological processes. Pathologies are directly linked to a mutation of these channels: some mutations in Kir2.1 and Kir6.2 cause the Andersen’s syndrome and hyperinsulinism, respectively. This study has four objectives: i) to understand the gating mechanism of the KirBac3.1, ii) to understand the impact of the mutation W46R on the channel (W68R equivalent in Kir6.2 causing hyperinsulinsm), iii) to understand the impact of the mutation S129R on the channel, iv) to resolve the structure of Kir2.1 at an atomic level. To study the dynamical characteristics of this system, Molecular Dynamics using excited Normal Modes (MDeNM) method was used. The results were confronted to HDX-MS Spectrometry and electrophysiological experiments for validation. To determine the structure of the human Kir2.1 WT, we are using cryo-electron microscopy combined with image analysis. Key motions in the gating mechanism were determined like the involvement of the cytoplasmic domain, the slide-helix and the transmembrane helices during the opening of the channel. Concerning W46R, a modification in these interaction at the level of the residue 46 causes the loss of interactions between the bottoms of the two transmembrane helices that triggers the uprising of the slide-helix which opens the channel. The study of KirBac3.1 S129R mutant in the open state explains how the mutation pushes away the point of constriction and keeps the channel open with a surprising role of the mutation R129. We investigated the structure of Kir2.1 by cryo-EM and obtained an electronic density at 7 Å resolution
Laffon, Marc. „Clairance de l'eau alvéolaire : modifications physiologiques, pharmacologiques et en pathologie“. Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRésumé en anglais : Our work exposes in detail an in vivo model used to study the alveolar liquid clearance (ALC) which is the capacity of alveolar epithelium to remove intra-alveolar water, and describes the ex vivo models reported in the literature. After a description of the structures involved in water and sodium trans-epithelial transport, we analyze the data published on the modulation of ALC. Our personal works showed for the first time, using lidocaine, that basolateral potassium channels are involved in ALC. The inhibition of part of the basolateral potassium channels by lidocaine decreases ALC. Since this inhibition was incomplete, ALC could be increased by β-adrenergic stimulation, the NA,K-ATPase activity being only indirectely inhibited. To study the role of ALC in pathological circumstances, we explored prolonged haemorrhagic shock with fluid resuscitation and smoke inhalation. In these two situations, ALC was decreased by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism, with a blockade of the upregulation of ALC by β-adrenergic stimulation in prolonged haemorrhagic shock. We showed that the release of endogenous catecholamines increased IL-1 by an α-adrenergic mechanism, which was partially responsible for the blockade in the upregulation of ALC by β-adrenergic stimulation. In case of smoke inhalation, we showed that IL-8 was involved in the mechanism of ALC decrease. These two studies confirm the effects of inflammatory and oxidant responses on this alveolar epithelial function
Dubuis, Eric. „Effets du monoxyde de carbone sur le canal potassique de grande conductance activé par le calcium : rôle dans le développement de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire“. Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaplante, Annick. „Effets cardioprotecteurs du fumarate, rôle du métabolisme et des canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ43493.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDESCHAUX, OLIVIER. „Etude des effets mnesiques d'une toxine bloquant les canaux potassiques calcium dependant, l'apamine, chez le rat“. Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuérard, Pascal. „Etude de la réactivité vasculaire pulmonaire : approche des différents modèles physiologiques et physiopathologiques : implication des canaux potassiques et du monoxyde d'azote“. Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary arterial resistances. In this thesis, we suggest that arachidonic acid produced a relaxation of constricted human pulmonary arteries that is modulated by potassic channels KATP, SKCa, BKCa, and Kv. We show that pravastatine, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduced the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline and improves endothelial-dependent relaxation of pulmonary artery, related to a reduction in endothelial pulmonary apoptosis and an increase in endothelial NO synthase. We also suggest that these protective effects could not be class effect. These results support the development of further human studies within the field of pulmonary hypertension and treatment
Goirand, Françoise. „Implication des canaux potassiques et du NO dans les effets relaxants de nouveaux agents pharmacologiques au niveau des vaisseaux pulmonaires contractés par l'hypoxie“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOMU13.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorel, Jean-Luc. „Voies de transduction activées par l'angiotensine II et l'acétylcholine sur les myocytes lisses, sains et pathologiques“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28479.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSy, Guata Yoro. „Implication du monoxyde d'azote endogène (NO) et des canaux potassiques de type Girk dans la régulation centrale de la fonction cardiovasculaire : effets des anti-hypertenseurs centraux“. Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was to investigate the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and the G-protein inwardly rectifier potassium channel (GIRK) in the central cardiovascular effects of imidazolines and catecholamines. The experiments were performed in pentobarbital anaesthetized rabbits and the drugs were either administered intacisternally or micro-injected into the nucleus reticularis lateralis (NRL) and/or the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The cardiovascular effects of drugs which act on the alpha2-adrenoceptors (a2-AR) of NTS influence a NTS/NRL neuronal GABAergic pathway. The activity of this pathway is dependent of NO. On the opposite, the effects obtained after NRL imidazoline receptor (I1R) stimulation were independent of NO. Therefore, we have identified a new functionnal criterion which discriminates the central mechanisms of action of the hypotensive effects of imidazolines and catecholamines, i. E the dependence of NO. In addition, we demonstrated that the hypotensive effects of I1R selective drugs involve GIRK channels activation and the opening of these channels reveals the hypotensive effect of alpha-methylnoradrenaline (a-MNA), a catecholamine selective for a2-AR, injected into the same site
Rioufol, Gilles. „Effets du préconditionnement sur les arythmies ventriculaires au cours de l'ischémie chez le porc“. Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiriou, Vincent. „Interactions entre l'isoflurane et un activateur des canaux Katp (le nicorandil) : effets sur l'hémodynamique et sur la cardioprotection“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCestele, Sandrine. „Contribution à l'étude de l'interaction des toxines de scorpions avec les canaux sodium potentiel-dépendants“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemin, Jean. „Propriétés fonctionnelles des sous-unités α1G, α1H et α1I des canaux calciques de type T“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarnier-Raveaud, Stéphanie. „Evolution, en fonction de l'âge, des canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP : effets d'un traitement chronique par le nicorandil sur le système cardiovasculaire de rat“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilles, Nicolas. „Effets pharmacologiques des toxines de type alpha de scorpion sur les canaux sodiques de l'insecte et du mammifère“. Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P601.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGautier, Mathieu. „Effets de l'hypoxie chronique et du monoxyde de carbone sur la fonction cardiaque et l'activité des canaux potassiques des cellules musculaires lisses d'artères coronaires chez le rat“. Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSorin, Bruno. „Etude électrophysiologique du mécanisme d'action de la prolactine dans des cellules exprimant la forme longue ou courte du récepteur de la prolactine“. Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28826.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhysiological and physiopathological effects of PRL are well known but intracellular transduction ways involved are poorly understood. PRL has early effects on ionic conductances of chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) expressing after transfection the long form of the PRL receptor of rabbit mammary gland (PRL-R). PRL acts on these channels via a receptor which belongs to the cytokines receptors superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain of PRL-R presents a highly conserved motif, box 1, where Jak2, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, interacts. PRL induces via Jak2 the activation of a voltage-gated potassium conductance. The membrane hyperpolarization activates calcium entry through voltage dependent calcium channels. This sequence leads to an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). With an electrophysiological and spectrofluorimetric approach, we have study structure function relationships of the PRL-R using cells expressing mutated forms of the PRL-R. We confirm role of box 1, Jak2 and potassium channel in PRL induced response. We show for the first time the role of C-terminal region of the PRL-R in activation of the voltage-independent calcium channels. In cells expressing PRL-R naturally, activation of the long form of the PRL-R (HC11 and U87-MG cells) leads to an increase in [Ca2+]i, activation of the short form (GT1-7) has no effect. Characterisation of electrophysiological effects of PRL in these cells has to be done
El, Babili Mohammed. „Métabolisme branchial de la sphingomyéline et transport du sodium chez deux espèces euryhalines : Dicentrarchus labrax et Carcinus maenas : influence de la température et de la salinté“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJudé, Sebastien. „Etude des effets des acides gras poly-insaturés n-3 sur les membranes des cellules cardiaques et mise au point d'un modèle d'arythmies spontanées chroniques induites par multiples embolisations des coronaires chez le chien“. Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis work was to understand the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA. Our study showed that: i) the peroxidation products of DHA, rather than DHA itself, were responsible for the acute effects observed on potassium channels in rat isolated ventricular cardiac cells. Ii) a diet enriched with fish oil induced a modification of the fatty acid composition of cardiac membrane phospholipids in dog. Such changes in the fatty acids composition, especially in the PI fraction, could lead to a differential activation of PKC isoforms. Iii) reproducible spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were not obtained in the experimental model of arrhythmias induced by multiple by multiple coronary embolisations in dog. Consequently, the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA could not be tested on this experimental model
Macrez-Lepretre, Nathalie. „Récepteurs alpha-adrenergiques et voies de transduction impliqués dans l'activation des canaux calciques et la libération du calcium intracellulaire sur les myocytes de veine porte de rat“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoradrenaline induces contraction of rat portal vein myocytes by activating both alpha1A- and alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors. The transduction pathway activated by alpha-1Aadrenoreceptors has been identified by measuring both intracellular calcium concentration with fluorescent dyes and inositol phosphates generation. The alpha-1A-adrenoreceptor couples to the alpha-subunit of a Gq/G11-protein which leads to a stimulation of phospholipase C activity. The subsequent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides produces both inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 is responsible for calcium release from intracellular stores. Stimulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (measured with the patch-clamp method) is produced in response to activation of alpha-1A-adrenoreceptors through the same transduction pathway. DAG acts by increasing protein kinase C activity. However, stimulation of calcium channels is mainly dependent on activation of alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors. In this case, the transduction mechanism differs strongly from the precedent one : there is no phosphatidylinositides hydrolysis and the G-protein involved belongs to the Gi-family. Both alpha-1A-and alpha-2A-adrenoreceptor-induced stimulations of calcium channels incvolve activation of protein kinase C. At the resting membrane potential, activation of alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors promotes slow and small variations in both intracellular calcium concentration and membrane current. Similar responses are obtained with mastoparan, an activator of Gi-proteins. These responses are mediated through activation of protein kinase C which phosphorylates calcium channels. Phosphorylation would be responsible for increased opening probability of calcium channels. Contractile responses of intact strips of rat portal vein stimulated by alpha-1-or alpha-2-adrenergic agonists reveal that activation of alpha-1-adrenoreceptors may be associated with fast and transient contraction whereas activation of alpha-2-adrenoreceptors is involved in maintained contraction
Aidi, Knani Sabrine. „Effets de la modulation des canaux potassium SK et Kv4 sur les déficits moteurs et cognitifs de la maladie de Parkinson“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4777.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated to a loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway that innervates the basal ganglia (GB). The DA neuron degeneration in PD induces imbalance between dopaminergic transmission, GABAergic and glutamatergic resulting in impaired neuronal excitability leading to the onset of motor and non-motor symptoms. Potassium channels, Kv4 and SK, are extensively involved in the phenomenon of neuronal excitability. We addressed the question of whether further blockade of SK or Kv4 activity could restore normal GB function in vivo. In this aim, we used a neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to produce two lesional models of Parkinson's disease in rats that mimics the cognitive and emotional deficits of the early phase of PD (partial and bilateral striatal lesions) and the motor deficits observed in the late phase of the disease (total unilateral nigral lesion). Apamin from bee venom (systemic injection, 0.1-0.3 mg/kg) and AmmTX3 from scorpion venom (intrastriatal injection, 0.2-0.4 g) were chosen to block SK and Kv4 channels respectively.In a first study, apamin treatment partially reduced motor deficits in the cylinder test and the rotation induced by apomorphine. In the second study, the AmmTX3 also decreased parkinsonian motor deficits. This late toxin restored cognitive behaviors (short-term social and spatial memory) and emotion (anxiety).Taken together, these results underlie the importance of SK channels as modulators of neuronal excitability of Kv4 channels as players of the homeostatic responses, and more importantly, provide potential targets for adjunctive therapies for Parkinson's disease
Ducret, Thomas. „Etude de la signalisation intracellulaire associée au recepteur de la prolactine dans une lignée d'astrocytes tumoraux humains (cellules U87-MG)“. Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of the multiplicity of prolactin (PRL) physiological effects and its target tissues, the intracellular mechanisms mediating these effects are not clearly understood. So we have studied the effects of PRL on ionic conductances and [Ca2+]i, as well as the intracellular pathways, in the human malignant astrocytoma cell line U87-MG. Using microspectrofluorimetry, fluorescence confocal microscopy and electrophysiology (patch-clamp), we show that PRL induces the activation of a Ca2+ -dependant K+ conductance, associated with a Ca2+ entry through second messenger-operated and voltage-independent Ca2+ channels. We also show that PRL exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotique effects in the U87-MG cells. The establishment of the link between these different phenomenons should allow a better understanding of PRL action mechanisms, but also its possible implication in cell tumorisation
Lahoua, Zahia. „Oxystérols, phospholipases et médiateurs lipidiques dans le contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoiret, Guyllaume. „Implication du canal BK dans l'effet des oestrogènes et du tamoxifène sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines“. Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the main women neoplasia and constitutes a major problem of public health. Breast carcinogenesis clearly implies estrogens, whose action belongs to the activation of two signalling pathways: a “genomic” pathway that regulates the expression of target genes and an “alternative” pathway which takes place rapidly and independently of a transcriptional activity. In the view of the estrogens’ dependence of breast cancer, the main treatments consist to antagonize these hormones’ action by the use of anti-estrogenic compounds such as tamoxifen. Moreover, it was shown that proliferation and apoptosis of breast carcinoma mammary cells are regulated by potassium channels. The goal of my thesis was to study the potassium channels’ regulation by estrogens and anti-estrogenic compounds and to determine if this regulation could participate to the effects of these factors on the growth of human breast cancer cells. Our results show that low doses of 17 ß estradiol and tamoxifen activate the high conductance potassium channel (BK) in human breast cancer cells of the MCF-7 line and that this effect is implied in the increase of their proliferation. Furthermore, we have shown that ß1 and ß4 subunits of BK channels seem to be implied in their regulation by these factors. We also show that high doses of tamoxifen decrease the growth of these cells and modulate in a biphasic fashion a voltage and calcium-dependent potassium channel. We suggest that BK channel activation by 17 ß estradiol should promote the membrane hyperpolarization which is linked to the progression of breast cancer cells into the cell cycle. To conclude, our results permit us to propose that estrogens and tamoxifen effects on the BK channel should be taken into consideration in the development of more efficient breast cancer treatments
Grazzini, Eric. „Rôle endrocrine et paracrine de la vasopressine dans la physiologie de la glande surrénale“. Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20058.
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