Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cambridge Pilot School“

IntroductionFamily-based physical activity (PA) interventions present a promising avenue to promote children’s activity; however, high-quality experimental research is lacking. This paper describes the protocol for the FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health) pilot trial, a child-led family-based PA intervention delivered online.Methods and analysisFRESH is a three-armed, parallel-group, randomised controlled pilot trial using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio with follow-up assessments at 8 and 52 weeks postbaseline. Families will be eligible if a minimum of one child in school Years 3–6 (aged 7–11 years) and at least one adult responsible for that child are willing to participate. Family members can take part in the intervention irrespective of their participation in the accompanying evaluation and vice versa.Following baseline assessment, families will be randomly allocated to one of three arms: (1) FRESH; (2) pedometer-only or (3) no-intervention control. All family members in the pedometer-only and FRESH arms receive pedometers and generic PA promotion information. FRESH families additionally receive access to the intervention website; allowing participants to select step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log steps and track progress as they virtually globetrot. Control families will receive no treatment. All family members will be eligible to participate in the evaluation with two follow-ups (8 and 52 weeks). Physical (eg, fitness and blood pressure), psychosocial (eg, social support) and behavioural (eg, objectively measured family PA) measures will be collected at each time point. At 8-week follow-up, a mixed methods process evaluation will be conducted (questionnaires and family focus groups) assessing acceptability of the intervention and evaluation. FRESH families’ website engagement will also be explored.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee for the School of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and to participating families.Trial registration numberISRCTN12789422

IntroductionAdolescent physical activity promotion is rarely effective, despite adolescence being critical for preventing physical activity decline. Low adolescent physical activity is likely to last into adulthood, increasing health risks. The Get Others Active (GoActive) intervention is evidence-based and was developed iteratively with adolescents and teachers. This intervention aims to increase physical activity through increased peer support, self-efficacy, group cohesion, self-esteem and friendship quality, and is implemented using a tiered-leadership system. We previously established feasibility in one school and conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) in three schools.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a school-based cluster RCT (CRCT) in 16 secondary schools targeting all year 9 students (n=2400). In eight schools, GoActive will run for two terms: weekly facilitation support from a council-funded intervention facilitator will be offered in term 1, with more distant support in term 2. Tutor groups choose two weekly activities, encouraged by older adolescent mentors and weekly peer leaders. Students gain points for trying new activities; points are entered into a between-class competition. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, interim (week 6), postintervention (week 14–16) and 10-month follow-up (main outcome). The primary outcome will be change from baseline in daily accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Secondary outcomes include accelerometer-assessed activity intensities on weekdays/weekends; self-reported physical activity and psychosocial outcomes; cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses; mixed-methods process evaluation integrating information from focus groups and participation logs/questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the conduct of the study was gained from the University of Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee. Given the lack of rigorously evaluated interventions, and the inclusion of objective measurement of physical activity, long-term follow-up and testing of causal pathways, the results of a CRCT of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of GoActive are expected to add substantially to the limited evidence on adolescent physical activity promotion. Workshops will be held with key stakeholders including students, parents, teachers, school governors and government representatives to discuss plans for wider dissemination of the intervention.Trial registration numberISRCTN31583496.

Prof. Zeman trained in Medicine at Oxford University Medical School, after a first degree in Philosophy and Psychology, and later in Neurology in Oxford, at The National Hospital for Neurology in Queen Square, London and Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge. He moved to Edinburgh in 1996, as a Consultant and Senior Lecturer (later Reader) in the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and to the Peninsula Medical School (now University of Exeter Medical School) in September 2005 as Professor of Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology. His specialised clinical work is in cognitive and behavioural neurology, including neurological disorders of sleep.His main research interests are disorders of visual imagery and forms of amnesia occurring in epilepsy. He has an active background interest in the science and philosophy of consciousness, publishing a wide-ranging review of the field in Brain (2001; 124:1263–1289) and an accessible introduction to the subject for a general readership (Consciousness: a user’s guide, Yale University Press, 2002). In 2008 he published an introduction to neurology for the general reader, A Portrait of the Brain (Yale UP), and in 2012, Epilepsy and Memory (OUP) with Narinder Kapur and Marilyn Jones-Gotman. From 2007–2010 he was Chairman of the British Neuropsychiatry Association. He launched and continues to direct its training course in neuropsychiatry.For most of us visual imagery is a conspicuous ingredient of the imaginative experience which allows us to escape from the here and now into the past, the future and the worlds conceived by science and art. But there appears to be wide inter-individual variation in the vividness of visual imagery. Although the British psychologist Galton together with the Parisian neurologist Charcot and his psychiatrist colleague Cotard - recognised that some individuals may lack wakeful imagery entirely, the existence of ‘extreme imagery’ has been oddly neglected since this early work. In 2015 we coined the term ‘aphantasia’ to describe the lack of the mind’s eye, describing 21 individuals who reported a lifelong inability to visualise (Cortex, 2015;73:378–80). Since then we have heard from around 14,000 people, most reporting lifelong aphantasia, or its converse hyperphantasia, but also less common ‘acquired’ imagery loss resulting from brain injury or psychological disorder. Preliminary analyses suggests association between vividness extremes, occupational preference and reported abilities in face recognition and autobiographical memory. Many people with lifelong aphantasia nevertheless dream visually. Imagery in other modalities is variably affected. Extreme imagery appears to run in families more often than would be expected by chance. I will describe the findings of our recent pilot study of neuropsychological and brain imaging signatures of extreme imagery, and place our study of a- and hyper-phantasia in the context of the Eye’s Mind project, an interdisciplinary collaboration funded by the AHRC (http://medicine.exeter.ac.uk/research/neuroscience/theeyesmind/). In addition to our work on extreme imagery, we have reviewed the intellectual history of visual imagery (MacKisack et al, Frontiers in Psychology, 515:1–16. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00515), undertaken a recent ALE meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of visualisation (Winlove et al, Cortex, 20182018; 105:4–25) and organised an exhibition of work by artists with extreme imagery vividness (Extreme Imagination: inside the mind’s eye Exeter University Press, 2018.)

Abstract Introduction In adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease; MCI), the level of awareness of cognitive functioning varies significantly. A lack of awareness of cognitive functioning may interfere with monitoring of disease progression and opportunities for intervention. Therefore, understanding mechanisms associated with this relationship is critical. Given age-related changes in sleep and known relationships between sleep health and cognition, this pilot tested whether sleep moderates associations between subjective and objective cognition in older adults with MCI. Methods Older adults with MCI (N=46, Mage=68.2 years, SD=6.1 years, 33 women) completed one week of sleep diaries [averages of sleep onset latency (SOL), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE)], Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (sub-scores CFQ-memory, CFQ-distractibility, CFQ-blunders), and cognitive tasks [Cambridge Brain Sciences; Polygons (processing speed), Feature Match (attention), Double Trouble (attention/inhibition), Digit Span (working memory)]. Multiple regressions tested if sleep parameters moderated associations between subjective and objective cognition, covarying for depressive symptoms and number of medical conditions. Results SE moderated associations between Polygons and CFQ-blunders (R2-change=.08, p=.03). Specifically, at highest SE, slower processing speed was associated with more blunder complaints (B=-.10, p=.04). Additionally, SE moderated associations between Digit Span and CFQ-distractibility (R2-change=.06, p=.03) and CFQ-blunders (R2-change=.12, p=.004). Specifically, at lowest SE, worse working memory was associated with less distractibility (B=3.01, p=.002) and blunders (B=2.45, p<.001) complaints, while at highest SE worse working memory was associated with more blunder complaints (B=-2.48, p=.04). Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest in older adults with MCI, lower sleep efficiency may exacerbate discrepancies between objective and subjective cognition, while higher sleep efficiency may converge this relationship. Sleep efficiency should be considered to fully understand the level of awareness of cognitive functioning in older adults with MCI. Critically, these findings may help identify those at risk of further cognitive decline. While future prospective studies are warranted, present findings suggest a potential next step is to examine whether behavioral treatments for insomnia (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, cognitive training) may also change the relationship between objective/subjective cognition. Support (if any) This research was supported in part by the University of Missouri School of Medicine TRIUMPH award (PI: Curtis).

The paper presents research findings with 56 Roma children from Macedonia and Serbia between the ages of 3-6 years. The children’s knowledge of Romani as their mother tongue was assessed with a specially designed test. The test measures the children’s comprehension and production of different types of grammatical knowledge such as wh–questions, wh-complements, passive verbs, possessives, tense, aspect, the ability of the children to learn new nouns and new adjectives, and repetition of sentences. In addition, two pictured narratives about Theory of Mind were given to the children. The hypothesis of the authors was that knowledge of the complex grammatical categories by children will help them to understand better the Theory of Mind stories. The results show that Roma children by the age of 5 know most of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue and most of them understand Theory of Mind. References Bakalar, P. (2004). The IQ of Gypsies in Central Europe. 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David Greig is one of Britain's most versatile and exciting playwrights, whose awardwinning work – commissioned by, among others, Suspect Culture, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre of Scotland, the Edinburgh International Festival, and the Traverse Theatre – has been performed all over the world. His personal voice is characterized by the sensitive musicality of his text, an individual sense of humour, and an acute awareness of the world around us. Whether his protagonists are Cambridge ornithologists, Scottish lords, or American pilots, Greig creates works of extreme visual beauty and emotional directness in lyrical soundscapes. In the interview which follows, completed in June 2010, he discusses the themes of politics and national identities; language, music, and experimental forms; directors, directing, and adaptations; and watching bodies on stage. Greig believes that theatre is a form of voyeurism, ‘a consensual exchange’ to ‘look at people and watch how they behave’. In his work, the act of watching thus acquires a new role surpassing the simple function of pleasure, and enabling the viewer to engage further with the theatre's mediation to comment, justify, explain, and promote a better understanding of the complexities of human nature – voyeurism in theatre being re-read as a new freedom of the gaze, and its fetishistic attributes re-evaluated as an emancipation of restrained energy, testing the boundaries of taboo. George Rodosthenous is Lecturer in Music Theatre at the School of Performance and Cultural Industries of the University of Leeds. He is Artistic Director of the Altitude North theatre company, and also works as a freelance composer for the theatre. He is currently working on the book Theatre as Voyeurism: the Pleasure(s) of Watching.

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The translations and cross-cultural adaptation of the Scoliosis Research Society Revised (SRS-22r) into Urdu Ahmed ATR *1,2, Rye C 1,3, Rand S 1, Simmonds JV 1 1.Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London. 2. West London NHS Healthcare Trust. 3. Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust ___________________________ Development of an evidence-based pathway of care for children presenting with Toe-Walking gait to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. Christine Douglas *1,2, Jane Simmonds 2, Jonathan Wright 1 1 Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Stanmore UK 2 Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, UCL, UK __________________________ Trends in notification of cases to the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register Claire Kerr*, Oliver Perra, Róisín Keenan, Karen McConnell ____________________________ Moving towards a better understanding of well-being for children with complex disabilities who use a robotic device, the Innowalk ©Made for Movement (This research is supported by an APCP bursary 2022-2023) Dr Dawn Pickering, Cardiff University __________________________ Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Indian (Hindi) version of the Paediatric Motor Activity Log Scale-Revised (PMAL-R). Surve ER *1,2, Coomer A 1,3,4, Rand S 1, Simmonds JV 1 1.Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London. 2. West London NHS Healthcare Trust. 3. St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial Healthcare Trust. 4. St Georges, University of London __________________________ The Paediatric Physiotherapy Curricula Landscape: A Survey of United Kingdom Entry-Level Programs. Jennifer Chesterton, Faculty of Health Science and Wellbeing. University of Sunderland. Paul Chesterton, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University __________________________ Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Hip Hop Collaboration Jenny Thomas, Advanced Physiotherapist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital * __________________________ Community-based gym exercise for non-ambulant adults with childhood onset disability Karen McConnell *1, Claire McFeeters2, Joanne Marley2, Alix Crawford3, Katy Pedlow2 1. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 2. School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, 3. Mae Murray Foundation __________________________ Burden or Blessing? Evaluating parental satisfaction of a parent-mediated approach to a pilot interdisciplinary therapy Early Intervention Programme. Brimlow K*., McKenzie A., Philips A. Scottish Centre for Children with Motor Impairments, Cumbernauld, United Kingdom __________________________ Walk tall and look the world right in the eye: A service evaluation of a 4-week trial to assess if the Innowalk Pros could provide physical activity for children with complex neuro-disabilities within a Special School Kath Brimlow*, Jenni Coulter, Aida de La Torre Romero, Georgina Farquhar Scottish Centre for Children with Motor Impairments __________________________ ‘FUNdamentals in Athletics’ Lynsey Cunningham and Clare Gardiner* (South Eastern H&SC Trust) Lee Campbell (Athletics Coach) __________________________ A call to action: gasping for attention Naomi Winfield*, University College London, Milton Keynes University Hospital Madeline Pilbury, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust Carolyn Aitken Arbuckle, NHS Lothian Jason Kettle, Lincolnshire Community Health Services NHS Trust Samantha Grace, St George’s Hospital London Laura Lowndes, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust. __________________________ The translation and cultural adaptation of the Paediatric Balance Scale to Hindi Nikita Dcruz*, Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust Professor Jane Simmonds, University College London Naomi Winfield, University College London, Milton Keynes University Hospital __________________________ Re-SPLASH - Re-Starting Physiotherapy Led Aquatic Therapy Services in Hospital Sarah Brown*, Susan Leiper, Barry Johnstone __________________________ Breathe-Easy: a pilot study to examine the acceptability and feasibility of a novel postural management night-time intervention to improve respiratory health of children with complex neuro-disability. Crombie S*, Sellers D, Kapur A, Hillman G, Baskerville J, Morris C, Bremner S, Lundin J. __________________________ Validation of the Spider, a multisystemic symptom impact tool for symptomatic hypermobility. Busby, V 1,2, Ewer, E,1,3 Simmonds, J.V.1,4 1.UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 2. Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, 3. Hounslow and Richmond Community Healthcare NHS Trust, 4. London Hypermobility Unit, Central Health Physiotherapy __________________________ The heROIC trial: Does the use of a Robotic rehabilitation trainer change Quality Of Life, range of movement and function In children with Cerebral Palsy? Clare Grodon (Whittington Health NHS Trust) Harriet Shannon (UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health) Paul Bassett (Statsconsultancy Ltd) __________________________ Making sense of ‘sport as a therapy choice’ for paediatric physiotherapists working with young people who have disabilities. Susan Booth* (studying at University of Salford) Lecturer in Paediatric Physiotherapy, University of Bolton Professor Garry Crawford (University of Salford) Dr Nicky Spence (University of Salford) __________________________ Effectiveness of integrated hip care pathways for pain, function and quality of life in children with Cerebral Palsy: A systematic literature review. Tanya M. McGrath*, Senior Lecturer, University of the West of England, Bristol, England (UK) Shea T. Palmer, Professor of Physiotherapy, Cardiff University, Wales (UK) __________________________ The differences between skeletal muscle in children with Cerebral Palsy and children who are typically developing. Rebekah Moynihan, Physiotherapist, Leckey __________________________ A focus group of experienced paediatric physiotherapists sharing their perspectives on physiotherapy management of Patellar Dislocation Holly Heighway* - MSc Paediatric Physiotherapy, University College London Daniel Armitage – Lecturer (Teaching), University College London Sarah Rand – Lecturer (Teaching), University College London Dr Louise Kedroff - Lecturer (Teaching), University College London __________________________ Ankle plantarflexor volume appears reduced in some Idiopathic toe walkers. A service evaluation. McNee AE1*, Noble J2, Evans S1, Zeigler K1, Ng Man Sun S1, Hulme A1, Fry NR2, Shortland AP2. 1Paediatric Orthopaedic Team, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London 2One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London __________________________ Children and Young People (CYP) with acute finger injuries do not need referral to Physiotherapy. Nikki Thorpe, Royal Free NHS Trust, Barnet Hospital Children and Young People’s Musculoskeletal outpatient service. __________________________ Barriers and Facilitators for families of children with neurodisability participating in research: implications for physiotherapy research design and delivery. Candiss Argent*1, Claire Ingleby1, Elizabeth Thompson1, Malabika Ghosh1, Sarah Edney1,2 1.Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK, 2. Newcastle University, UK __________________________ “It kind of hurts …I still do it because it’s my physio’: Children’s experiences of physiotherapy within a feasibility RCT Rachel Rapson*, Bernie Carter, Jos M. Latour, Wendy Ingram, Jonathan Marsden. __________________________ A feasibility randomised controlled trial of an interactive exercise-training device for children with cerebral palsy. Rachel Rapson*, Bernie Carter, Jos M. Latour, Wendy Ingram, Jonathan Marsden.

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