Zeitschriftenartikel: „Calorie Counter“

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Huby, Kirsten, und Joanna Smith. „Calorie counter and food diary“. Nursing Children and Young People 29, Nr. 7 (11.09.2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.29.7.13.s14.

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Walters, Nicholas J., und David A. Brodie. „An Evaluation of the Kenz Calorie Counter during Progressive Treadmill Exercise in Adults and Children“. Pediatric Exercise Science 8, Nr. 2 (Mai 1996): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.8.2.156.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of data derived from the Kenz calorie counter during progressive, incremental treadmill exercise. Direct comparisons were made with calories calculated from on-line gas analysis. The subjects were 18 adults, 18 postadolescent children, and 24 preadolescent children. Linear regression (r2 > .95) showed a progressive deviation away from a 1:1 relationship between Kenz data and V̇O2 data with increasing age of subject which remained when standardized to kcal · kg−1 body mass or kcal · m−2 · hour−1. The Kenz calorie counter, after applying an age group correction factor, can thus be used as a suitable analog for measured energy expenditure.

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McGeown, Laura. „The calorie counter-intuitive effect of restaurant menu calorie labelling“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 110, Nr. 6 (30.01.2019): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00183-7.

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Ashfar, N. Shahul, J. Abalin Lurther und L. Antro James. „Fx Calories Calculator & Fitness Advisor“. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, Nr. 2 (31.05.2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100213.

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Calorie counter to record and estimate number of calories we need to consume daily. “FITNESS START WITH WHAT WE EAT”. This project can also provide guidelines for gaining or losing weight. That have heard it way to get started with the very boring term dieting. A number of mobile fitness devices as well as smart watches have emerged on the technology landscape. Body Mass Index is a simple calculation using a person’s height and weight. A BMI of 25.0 or more is overweight, while the healthy range is 18.5 to 24.9. Serious fat-burning activity uses the large muscle groups of the body – the thighs and bottom, chest and back. The greater the overall recruitment of muscle, the higher the calorie expenditure. So in your workouts, That are much better off using, say, the rower than isolating your arms for maximum calorie burn.

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Field, Linda. „Carb & Calorie Counter Cheyette Chris & Balolia Yello Carb & Calorie Counter 352pp £10.49 Chello Publishing Limited 9781908261151 1908261153“. Nursing Standard 30, Nr. 48 (27.07.2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.48.32.s37.

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Ong, Dee Jean, Khajornsak Buaraphan, Parames Laosinchai und Artorn Nokkaew. „Calorie Counter: A Board Game for Teaching Nutrition to Grade Six Students“. International Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Learning 27, Nr. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7971/cgp/v27i01/1-12.

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Ong, Dee Jean, Khajornsak Buaraphan, Parames Laosinchai und Artorn Nokkaew. „Calorie Counter: A Board Game for Teaching Nutrition to Grade Six Students“. International Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Learning 27, Nr. 1 (2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7971/cgp/v27i01/13-24.

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YAMADA, Seiji, und Yasuhiko BABA. „Validity of Daily Energy Expenditure Estimated by Calorie Counter Combined with Accelerometer“. Journal of UOEH 12, Nr. 1 (1990): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.12.77.

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Anderson, Rozalyn M. „The caloric restriction paradigm“. Biochemist 37, Nr. 4 (01.08.2015): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03704020.

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The ability of caloric restriction (CR) to extend lifespan was first reported in 19351. A deceptively simple intervention of reduced calorie intake in the absence of malnutrition, CR impinges directly on the highly complex process that is aging. Investigations into how CR accomplishes these remarkable effects have the potential to determine which processes contribute to disease vulnerability as a function of chronological age, and to identify factors and processes induced by CR that may be harnessed to develop interventions to enhance disease resilience. Studies to date reveal that CR engages a multiplicity of cellular processes, many of which are responsive to a highly interconnected suite of regulatory molecules. One of the emerging themes is the importance of metabolism in aging and delayed aging by CR, raising the possibility that metabolism itself may be a promising target to counter the diseases of aging.

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YAMADA, Seiji, und Yasuhiko BABA. „Assessment of physical activity by means of a calorie counter combined with an accelerometer.“ Sangyo Igaku 32, Nr. 4 (1990): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh1959.32.253.

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Loos Scarth, Linda. „NutritionData's Nutrition Facts Calorie Counter2004391Compiled by Ron Johnson and Lori Sherping Johnson. NutritionData's Nutrition Facts Calorie Counter. Casa Grande, AZ: NutritionData.com Last visited May 2004. Gratis URL: http://www.nutritiondata.com/index.html“. Reference Reviews 18, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2004): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410559753.

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Geil, Patti. „Book Review: The Ultimate Calorie, Carb, & Fat Gram Counter: Quick, Easy Meal Planning Using Counts for Your Favorite Foods“. Diabetes Educator 32, Nr. 6 (November 2006): 889–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721706295870.

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YAMADA, Seiji. „The Necessity of Motivation for Acquiring the Habit of Exercise by means of a Calorie Counter Combined with an Accelerometer“. Journal of UOEH 13, Nr. 3 (1991): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.13.235.

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Morris, Jane, und Stephen Anderson. „An update on eating disorders“. BJPsych Advances 27, Nr. 1 (05.05.2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2020.24.

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SUMMARYEating disorders are heterogeneous disorders characterised by a maladaptive drive to lose weight and, for the most part, by extreme fear of weight gain and overvaluation of thin body image. Calorie restriction, overexercise and purging behaviours put some sufferers at high risk of physical morbidity and mortality. Mental preoccupations interfere with social, professional and general quality of life. Patients’ defensive secrecy and compulsivity can make it hard to diagnose and treat such disorders despite the suffering they involve. Integrated medical and psychiatric intervention can save life and safely improve nutrition. Behavioural support – with family and carer involvement when appropriate – can counter the dysregulation that leads to vicious cycles of restriction–binge–purge, helping patients develop new skills to regulate emotion without weight losing. In the future, exciting developments in neuroimaging, neurosurgery and pharmacology may lead to ways to make the brain more responsive to therapy. Insights into risk factors may also improve preventive strategies in a climate of highly sophisticated international electronic communication.

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Fitzgerald, Sarah, Lauri Gilgan, Mary McCarthy, Ivan J. Perry und Fiona Geaney. „An evaluation and exploration of Irish food-service businesses’ uptake of and attitudes towards a voluntary government-led menu energy (calorie) labelling initiative“. Public Health Nutrition 21, Nr. 17 (16.08.2018): 3178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018001969.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the uptake of and attitudes towards a voluntary government-led energy (calorie) menu labelling initiative in Ireland among a representative sample of food-service businesses and to inform further actions that may need to be undertaken to facilitate successful implementation.DesignA mixed-methods approach, incorporating a national telephone survey, structured observation visits and semi-structured interviews.SettingTwenty-six counties in the Republic of Ireland.SubjectsA random selection of food-service businesses (n 604) participated in the telephone survey. Businesses which indicated that they did display calories were selected to participate in structured observation visits (n 42), along with a random sample (n 38) of businesses that did not display calories. A purposive sample of thirteen food-service business owners who participated in the telephone survey participated in semi-structured interviews.ResultsIn the telephone survey, 7 % (n 42) of food businesses reported displaying calories and the observation visits revealed that of these businesses, 10 % (n 4) were not displaying calorie information. Three major themes emerged from the semi-structured interviews: uncertainty, impact on business and consumer nutrition knowledge. Participants expressed concerns regarding inaccuracies in the calorie information, cost and time implications, mistrust in the food-service industry and poor nutritional knowledge among consumers. These concerns impeded the implementing of calorie menu labelling.ConclusionsA multifactorial approach that incorporates guidance and support (training/tax incentives), practical assistance (user-friendly calorie calculation software), a reasonable legislative structure and a standardised monitoring system is needed to facilitate the successful implementation of calorie menu labelling.

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Maliszewski, Ann F., Patty S. Freedson, Chris J. Ebbeling, Jill Crussemeyer und Kari B. Kastango. „Validity of the Caltrac Accelerometer in Estimating Energy Expenditure and Activity in Children and Adults“. Pediatric Exercise Science 3, Nr. 2 (Mai 1991): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.3.2.141.

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The Caltrac accelerometer functions as either an activity monitor that provides activity counts based on vertical acceleration as the individual moves about, or as a calorie counter in which the acceleration units are used in conjunction with body size, age, and sex to estimate energy expenditure. This study compared VO2 based energy expenditure with Caltrac estimated energy expenditure during three speeds of treadmill walking in children and adults. It also tested the validity of the Caltrac to differentiate between high and low levels of walking activity (activity counts). Ten boys and 10 men completed three randomly assigned walks while oxygen consumption was monitored and Caltrac estimates were obtained. The results indicate that the Caltrac does not accurately predict energy expenditure for boys and men across the three speeds of walking. Although there were no significant differences between actual and predicted energy expenditure values, the standard errors of estimate were high (17-25%) and the only significant correlation was found for men at the fastest walking speed (r=.81). However, the 95% confidence intervals of the activity counts and energy expenditure estimates from the Caltrac support its use as an activity monitor during walking.

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Gustafson, Christopher R., und Eliana Zeballos. „Cognitive aids and food choice: Real-time calorie counters reduce calories ordered and correct biases in calorie estimates“. Appetite 141 (Oktober 2019): 104320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104320.

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Dobrosielski, Devon A., Christopher Papandreou, Susheel P. Patil und Jordi Salas-Salvadó. „Diet and exercise in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease risk“. European Respiratory Review 26, Nr. 144 (28.06.2017): 160110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0110-2016.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. It is accepted that OSA and obesity commonly coexist. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends dietary-induced weight loss and exercise as lifestyle treatment options for OSA. However, most clinical trials upon which this recommendation is based have focused on establishing the effectiveness of calorie-restricted, often low-fat diets for improving OSA severity, whereas less attention has been given to the means through which weight loss is achieved (e.g.altered dietary quality) or whether diet or exercise mediates the associations between reduced weight, improved OSA severity and the CVD substrate. The current evidence suggests that the benefits of a low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean diet in overweight and obese individuals go beyond the recognised benefits of weight reduction. In addition, exercise has an independent protective effect on vascular health, which may counter the increased oxidative stress, inflammation and sympathetic activation that occur in OSA patients. This review aims to expand our understanding of the effects of diet and exercise on OSA and associated CVD complications, and sets the stage for continued research designed to explore optimal lifestyle strategies for reducing the CVD burden in OSA patients.

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Minkel, JR. „Cracked Caloric Counter“. Scientific American 291, Nr. 3 (September 2004): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0904-34d.

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Sutanto, Ade Heri Mulyati und Hermanto. „EVALUASI KINERJA METHYL DIETHANOL AMINE (MDEA) DALAM PENYERAPAN KANDUNGAN H2S PADA PROSES PENGOLAHAN GAS ALAM“. EKOLOGIA 20, Nr. 1 (07.04.2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v20i1.1986.

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Drilling natural gas contains water vapor (H2O) and contaminant gases such as CO2 and H2S which must be removed because it reduced the calorie value of the product. H2S gas is also corrosive, easily damaging equipment so that it increased maintenance costs. The process of removing CO2 and H2S gas uses MDEA (methyl diethanolamine). This study aims to determine the optimal concentration and flow rate of absorbent methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) to absorb H2S in the plant I gas flow in Energy Equity Epic (Sengkang) Pty.Ltd. The study was carried out with a steady MDEA mix absorbent flow rate (50% pure amine and 50% demineralization water) fixed at 13 US Gallons per minute flowing continuously at the upper absorber inlet, sour gas flow rate, at the bottom of the absorber inlet with variations in the flow gas namely 7,9,11,13,15,17 MMSCFD and is contacted with amine solution counter-current. Purified natural gas (sweet gas) produced from the top absorber column outlet with an H2S content below 10 ppm. The results showed that the greater the flow rate of gas inlet, the greater the acid gas absorbed. The amount of gas entering and exiting gas follows the equation y = 0.003 x - 2.2537. The ability of the amine solution to absorb H2S follows the logarithmic equation y = 0.167 ln (x) + 101.02 with a value of R = 0.9857, y is H2S absorbed by the amine solution and x is the H2S rate.

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Golubeva, V., V. Mykhaylenko und V. Nazymok. „PECULIARITIES OF USING MODERN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS“. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), Nr. 6(137) (22.06.2021): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.6(137).02.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of modern information technologies in the process of physical education classes for student youth. Modern fitness programs and fitness bracelets were analyzed, which made it possible to investigate the impact of modern technologies on the popularity of physical education and physical activity among modern youth and there is an increase in motivation to exercise. Therefore, the introduction of modern information technologies in the education system, which provide further improvement of the educational process, preparation of the younger generation for life in the information space, becomes important. The introduction of infocommunication technologies in the educational process can not only increase the efficiency of the learning process, but also form a physical culture, which increases motivation to exercise, lead a healthy lifestyle, physical improvement, improve the level of physical activity. They will allow you to capture data from various sensors, display indicators on a color display, store information in cloud storage. The result of such devices will be a bio-journal with data on the state of physical fitness of a particular student. The device measures body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen content, monitors sleep phases and stress levels, and has a fairly wide range of functionality: speedometer, altimeter, pedometer, calorie counter. Therefore, there is a question in the development and implementation of a system of control and evaluation of physical activity, which would meet the modern requirements of the educational process and have an effective impact on improving the status of physical education and attracting young people to exercise.

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Presby, David M., Rebecca M. Foright, Julie A. Houck, Ginger C. Johnson, L. Allyson Checkley, Vanessa D. Sherk, Michael C. Rudolph, Robera M. Oljira, Matthew R. Jackman und Paul S. MacLean. „2536“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.54.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Obesity is a rapidly growing epidemic and long-term interventions aimed to reduce body weight are largely unsuccessful due to an increased drive to eat and a reduced metabolic rate established during weight loss. Previously, our lab demonstrated that exercise has beneficial effects on weight loss maintenance by increasing total energy expenditure above and beyond the cost of an exercise bout and reducing the drive to eat when allowed to eat ad libitum (relapse). We hypothesized that exercise’s ability to counter these obesogenic-impetuses are mediated via improvements in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and tested this using a mouse model with augmented oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We recapitulated the exercise-induced improvements in oxidative capacity using FVB mice that overexpress lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle (mLPL). mLPL and wild type (WT) mice were put through a weight-loss-weight-regain paradigm consisting of a high fat diet challenge for 13 weeks, with a subsequent 1-week calorie-restricted medium fat diet to induce a ~15% weight loss. This newly established weight was maintained for 2 weeks and followed with a 24-hour relapse. Metabolic phenotype was characterized by indirect calorimetry during each phase. At the conclusion of the relapse day, mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvested for molecular analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During weight loss maintenance, mLPL mice had a higher metabolic rate (p=0.0256) that was predominantly evident in the dark cycle (p=0.0015). Furthermore, this increased metabolic rate was not due to differences in activity (p=0.2877) or resting metabolic rate (p=0.4881). During relapse, mLPL mice ingested less calories and were protected from rapid weight regain (p=0.0235), despite WT mice exhibiting higher metabolic rates during the light cycle (p=0.0421). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results highlight the importance of muscular oxidative capacity in preventing a depression in total energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance, and in curbing overfeeding and weight regain during a relapse. Moreover, our data suggest that the thermic effect of food is responsible for the differences in metabolic rate, because no differences were found in activity or resting metabolic rate. Additional studies are warranted to determine the molecular mechanisms driving the ability of oxidative capacity to assist with weight loss maintenance.

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Kawabe, Taiichi, Haruhiko Cho, Kenki Segami, Shigeya Hayashi, Yousuke Makuuchi, Tsutomu Sato, Toru Aoyama et al. „Effects of a planned preoperative exercise program on body composition in early gastric cancer patients with metabolic syndrome.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, Nr. 3_suppl (20.01.2015): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.206.

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206 Background: Visceral fat obesity and skeletal muscle depletion were reported to be both risk factors for complications in abdominal cancers surgery. Preoperative exercise may reduce morbidity by modifying body composition. Methods: We conducted an exploratory study attached to a prospective study (AEGES) to examine the effects of a 4-weeks exercise in stage I gastric cancer patients with metabolic syndrome. The AEGES enrolled 50 patients between 2007 and 2013, of which 18 were assigned to the exercise arm. The exercise program consisted of aerobic training 3-7 days a week, resistance training once or twice a week, and stretching. The expected energy expenditure of exercise was set at 30 kcal/kg/week. The total energy expenditure was measured using a calorie counter. After completion of the exercise, the patients received CT and endoscopy for re-staging, then underwent curative gastrectomy. Total skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (cm2) was evaluated on the average of two adjacent axial images at L3. Muscle area was expressed as lumber skeletal muscle index (cm2/m2). Total visceral fat volume was evaluated at the level of umbilicus. The changes of parameters before and after the exercise were assessed by paired Wilcoxon sign test. Results: A total of 15 patients with evaluable CT image were examined. Body weight, body mass index, and abdominal circumference were significantly decreased (-1.5 kg, -0.52 kg/m2, and -3.3 cm, respectively). The median skeletal muscle index was 48.06 cm2/m2 before and 46.85 cm2/m2 after the exercise, which was not statistically significant (p=0.41), while the median visceral fat volume was 205.2 cm2 before and 169.0 cm2 after the exercise, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a weak correlation between total energy expenditure and amount of skeletal muscle index change (r=0.22 by Spearman’s correlation and p=0.427). No patient demonstrated progression of clinical cancer stage during 4 weeks. Conclusions: Preoperative exercise for 4 weeks could significantly modify body composition without progression of gastric cancer. More intensive or personalized exercise would be required to increase skeletal muscle.

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Paul, Alison. „Book Reviews : Collins GEM Guide to Health Eating and Nutrition and Calorie Counter, by Adriana Capadose. Published by Harper Collins Publishers, 1991. Price £2.99 hardback. £2.50 paperback. Pp 303, 491. ISBN 0 00 458991 2/0-00 4589521“. Journal of the Royal Society of Health 111, Nr. 4 (August 1991): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409111100417.

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Taylor, Salima, Mandy Korpusik, Rachel Silver, Sai Krupa Das, Cheryl Gilhooly, James Glass und Susan Roberts. „Comparison of Energy Intake Determined by a Natural Spoken Language Application with 24-h Recall“. Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_092.

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Abstract Objectives Self-monitoring daily dietary intake is recommended for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. However, current online platforms and applications are often burdensome, which may limit use. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the accuracy of a new application designed to self-monitor dietary intake using natural spoken language (COCO; The Conversational Calorie Counter). Methods A total of 35 participants were enrolled in this pilot study. Participants were asked to record daily dietary intake using the COCO application for a period of at least five days. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted during this time, between day three and day five, and served as the reference method for evaluating total energy intake (TEI; measured in kcal). Mean two-day energy intake was calculated for each assessment method for the days when the 24-hr recall and COCO data were collected. Self-reported TEI from COCO were compared to estimates obtained from the 24-hour dietary recalls by a paired samples t-test and a Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results On average, participants consumed three meals a day and recorded six days of food intake days with COCO (range: 4 to 10 days). The mean TEI was not significantly different between the two methods (1902 ± 621 kcal by 24-hour dietary recall and 1988 ± 1033 kcal by COCO, P = 0.59). There was a significant correlation between mean TEI measured with the two methods (r = 0.45; P = 0.006). In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the number of food items logged in COCO and those recalled in the 24-hour diet recalls (r = 0.82; P >0.0001). Completion of the exit survey by 28 participants indicated that 43% would definitely or probably use the application again. Conclusions These results suggest that natural spoken language technology may have utility in applications to self-monitor food intake. Additional research is required to fully elucidate the validity of COCO in estimating dietary intake. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NIH Grant # 1R21HL118347–01 (SBR and JG), Quanta Computing, Inc., and the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship.

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Lorenzoni, Giulia, Daniele Bottigliengo, Danila Azzolina und Dario Gregori. „Food Composition Impacts the Accuracy of Wearable Devices When Estimating Energy Intake from Energy-Dense Food“. Nutrients 11, Nr. 5 (24.05.2019): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051170.

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The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of an a3utomatic food intake measurement device in estimating energy intake from energy-dense foods. Eighteen volunteers aged 20–36 years were recruited from the University of Padova. The device used in the present study was the Bite Counter (Bite Technologies, Pendleton, USA). The rationale of the device is that the wrist movements occurring in the act of bringing food to the mouth present unique patterns that are recognized and recorded by the Bite Counter. Subjects were asked to wear the Bite Counter on the wrist of the dominant hand, to turn the device on before the first bite and to turn it off once he or she finished his or her meal. The accuracy of caloric intake was significantly different among the methods used. In addition, the device’s accuracy in estimating energy intake varied according to the type and amount of macronutrients present, and the difference was independent of the number of bites recorded. Further research is needed to overcome the current limitations of wearable devices in estimating caloric intake, which is not independent of the food being eaten.

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Rigamonti, AE, N. Marazzi, SG Cella, L. Cattaneo und EE Muller. „Growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone and hexarelin in fed and fasted dogs: effect of somatostatin infusion or pretreatment with pirenzepine“. Journal of Endocrinology 156, Nr. 2 (01.02.1998): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560341.

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Using unanesthetized young male and female beagle dogs, before and after a 2-day fast, we studied the effect of an i.v. infusion of 0.9% saline (5 ml/h), somatostatin (SS, 4 or 8 micrograms/kg/h), or pretreatment with pirenzepine (PZ, 0.6 mg/kg i.v.), a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist which allegedly releases SS, on the GH release evoked by acute administration of GHRH (2 micrograms/kg i.v.), hexarelin (HEXA), a member of the GH-releasing peptide family (250 micrograms/kg i.v.) or GHRH plus HEXA. In fasted dogs, GHRH delivered during saline infusion induced a clear-cut rise in plasma GH levels, significantly higher than that which it induced in fed dogs. In contrast, HEXA, although very effective in causing the release of GH, only slightly increased GH secretion in fasted dogs over that which it induced in fed dogs. Co-administration of GHRH plus HEXA into fed dogs induced a synergic GH response that further increased with fasting. The action of GHRH in fed dogs was abolished by the lower dose of SS, whereas SS at either dose was ineffective in suppressing the GH-releasing effect during fasting. Infusion of the lower dose of SS failed to counter the action of HEXA, either before or during fasting, whilst the higher SS dose partially reduced it in both conditions. In contrast to SS, PZ reduced the GH-releasing effect of GHRH and HEXA, both in the fed state and, though to a lesser extent, during fasting. Pirenzepine only slightly reduced the robust GH rise elicited by GHRH plus HEXA in fed dogs. The suppressive effect of PZ on the GH response to combined administration of the peptides was lowest in fasted dogs. These data show that: (1) fasting augmented the GH response to GHRH and (to a lesser degree) to HEXA; (2) SS inhibited the GH response to GHRH in the fed state, but not in the fasted state; (3) only the higher dose of SS partially reduced the GH stimulation by HEXA in either the fed or the fasted state; (4) PZ lowered the GH response to GHRH and to HEXA in both the fed and (to a lesser degree) the fasted state; (5) PZ did not modify the GH release due to the combined administration of GHRH and HEXA. It is suggested that: (1) during fasting the greatly enhanced GH response to GHRH alone or GHRH plus HEXA probably reflects an augmented GHRH secretion; (2) somatotrope refractoriness to SS may contribute to the enhanced GH secretion in states of calorie deprivation; (3) in contrast to a general belief, muscarinic cholinergic antagonists, e.g. PZ, do not act exclusively via release of SS, but probably also through inhibition of GHRH function.

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López-Varela, Sara, Ana Montero, Ranjit Kumar Chandra und Ascensión Marcos. „Nutritional Status of Young Female Elite Gymnasts“. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 70, Nr. 4 (01.07.2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.70.4.185.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of a group of 10 young female elite gymnasts aged 13–17 years, who do a physical exercise of 48 h/wk. Assessment included dietary intake for 7 days, body mass index, ideal body weight, and skinfold thickness. In addition, the number of total leukocytes, total lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 were counted. The results were compared with a control group consisting of 50 volunteer students doing less than 12 h/wk of physical exercise, who were matched by sex, age, and sociocultural level. The total weekly calorie intake was lower in gymnasts than in controls; gymnasts showed a higher calorie intake from dietary protein together with a lower calorie intake from lipid and carbohydrate sources in comparison with controls. All the anthropometric parameters, except height which was not different in the two groups, were lower in gymnasts than in controls. The lymphocyte and leukocyte counts were also lower in gymnasts in relation to controls, except CD19 and CD56 subsets which were similar in both groups. It is suggested that gymnasts are at risk of malnutrition, which when compounded with intense physical exercise could lead to immunosuppression in these athletes.

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McDougal, David H., Marina A. DuVall, Christopher D. Morrison, Laura A. Moldovan und Rajvi Jariwala. „4447 Leptin supplementation prevents the loss of hypoglycemia-induced glucagon release following exposure to six days of severe caloric restriction in mice“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (Juni 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.76.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We have recently shown that mice exposed to six days of 60% caloric restriction acutely display reduced hypoglycemia-induced glucagon release following refeeding, and that this effect is concurrent with low leptin levels. The current study was conducted to ascertain if leptin treatment during caloric restriction would reverse this effect. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three groups of mice were used, an ad libitum (Ad-lib) fed group and two caloric restriction (CR) groups, one of which received twice daily leptin injection (0.5-1μg/g; IP) and the other vehicle (saline) during their caloric restriction. CR mice were placed on 60% caloric restriction for 6 consecutive days. Ad lib mice were housed in an identical manner but fed ad libitum during this same period. Following 6 days of restriction, CR mice were given ad lib access to food for 16 h. After the 16 h period of refeeding, both CR and ad lib mice began a 6 h fast which was immediately followed by a hypoglycemic insulin tolerance test (ITT). ITTs consisted of a variable dose of insulin intended to achieve a blood glucose of ~45 mg/dL within 60 minutes, at which time blood was collected for glucagon and corticosterone assays. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The mean blood glucose levels during the ITT at 45 and 60 minutes post injection across all three groups were 46.8 + 3.1 and 37.0 + 2.4, respectively. There were no significant differences in glucose levels between the three groups at these two time points. As expected, saline treated CR mice displayed significantly reduced serum glucagon levels in response to the ITT relative to Ad-lib mice (23.5 + 10.9 vs. 91.7 + 20.8 pg/mL, p = 0.009). In contrast, leptin-treated CR mice maintained their hypoglycemia-induced glucagon response to the ITT (78.0 + 16.8 pg/mL, p>0.99 vs. Ad-lib group). In addition, although corticosterone levels in saline treated CR mice were numerically lower than in Ad-lib mice, this difference was not statistically significance (3928 + 277 vs. 4571 + 178 pg/mL, p = 0.179). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Diabetes patients on insulin therapy often develop impaired hypoglycemic counter-regulation which can lead to life-threatening hypoglycemic complications. Our results suggest that leptin may hold promise as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention of impaired hypoglycemic counter-regulation in persons with diabetes.

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Kulai, Tasha, und Mohsin Rashid. „Assessment of Nutritional Adequacy of Packaged Gluten-free Food Products“. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 75, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2014-022.

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Purpose: There is concern about the nutritional quality of processed gluten-free (GF) products. The aim was to investigate the nutrient composition and cost of processed GF products compared with similar regular products. Methods: Product size, price, caloric value, and macro- and micronutrient composition were compared between foods labeled “Gluten-free” and comparable regular products in 5 grocery stores in 3 Canadian cities. Data were calculated per 100 g of product. Results: A total of 131 products were studied (71 GF, 60 regular). Overall, calories were comparable between GF and regular foods. However, fat content of GF breads was higher (mean 7.7 vs. 3.6 g, P = 0.003), whereas protein was lower (mean 5.0 vs. 8.0 g, P = 0.001). Mean carbohydrate content of GF pasta was higher (78 vs. 74 g, P = 0.001), whereas protein (7.5 vs. 13.3 g, P < 0.001), fibre (3.3 vs. 5.8 g, P = 0.048), iron (9% vs. 25%DV, P < 0.001), and folate content (5% vs. 95%DV, P < 0.001) were lower. Mean price of GF products was $1.99 versus $1.23 for regular products (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some commonly consumed packaged GF foods are higher in fat and carbohydrates and lower in protein, iron, and folate compared with regular products. GF products are more expensive. Dietitians should counsel patients on the GF diet regarding its nutritional and financial impact.

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Prawiro, Eka Adi Prasetyo Joko, Chun-I. Yeh, Nai-Kuan Chou, Ming-Wei Lee und Yuan-Hsiang Lin. „Integrated Wearable System for Monitoring Heart Rate and Step during Physical Activity“. Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6850168.

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This paper integrates a heart rate (HR) monitoring system with step counter for use during physical activities. Novel step counter algorithm has been developed to enable the highly accurate detection of step. The proposed system comprises a wireless wearable device, a smartphone, and a remote server. Data transmission between a wearable device and a smartphone is conducted via Bluetooth low energy (BLE). An indirect contact measurement method has also been devised to eliminate the need for direct contact electrodes and likelihood of skin irritation. The proposed system is compact, lightweight, and comfortable to wear. A smartphone application provides the interface for the display of data related to HR, step count (SC), exercise intensity, speed, distance, and calories burned, as well as waveforms related to ECG and step cycle. ECG peak detection algorithm achieved accuracy of 99.7% using the MIT-BIH ST Change Database. Accuracy of 98.89% was achieved for HR and 98.96% for SC at treadmill speeds of 1.8 to 9.0 km/h.

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Stępniewski, A. A., und J. Grudziński. „Verification of Technical Parameters and Modification of Upright Exercise Bike Construction“. International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 21, Nr. 4 (01.12.2016): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2016-0064.

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Abstract In this paper, the technical data provided by the sellers of an exercise bike FALCON SG-911B SAPPHIRE have been verified. After dismantling the bike, the dimensions of the components of the transmission of motion were measured and the mass parameters of the flywheel were set. In order to increase the mass moment of inertia reduced to an axis of the crankshaft, construction changes were proposed. The values of the braking torque of the magnetic brake at subsequent resistance levels were measured. The cycling test was performed and the distance, calories burned and heart rate read from the counter were verified computationally.

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MCDOUGAL, DAVID. „Acute Caloric Restriction Leads to Loss of Hypoglycemic Counter-Regulation in Mice following Short-Term Refeeding“. Diabetes 67, Supplement 1 (Mai 2018): 205—OR. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db18-205-or.

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Seppa, Nathan. „Body & brain: Low-calorie diet doesn't extend monkeys' life: Study counters earlier work finding survival advantage“. Science News 182, Nr. 7 (26.09.2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591820704.

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Zugravu, Corina, und Marina Ruxandra Otelea. „Dark Chocolate: To Eat or Not to Eat? A Review“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, Nr. 5 (01.09.2019): 1388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1388.

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Abstract Dark chocolate is not the most popular chocolate; the higher concentration in antioxidants pays tribute to the increment in bitterness. The caloric density of dark chocolate is potentially lower but has a large variability according to recipes and ingredients. Nevertheless, in the last decade, the interest in dark chocolate as a potential functional food has constantly increased. In this review, we present the nutritional composition, factors influencing the bioavailability, and health outcomes of dark chocolate intake. We have extracted pro- and counter-arguments to illustrate these effects from both experimental and clinical studies in an attempt to solve the dilemma. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities, the cardiovascular and metabolic effects, and influences on central neural functions were selected to substantiate the main positive consequences. Beside the caloric density, we have included reports placing responsibility on chocolate as a migraine trigger or as an inducer of the gastroesophagial reflux in the negative effects section. Despite an extensive literature review, there are not large enough studies specifically dedicated to dark chocolate that took into consideration possible confounders on the health-related effects. Therefore, a definite answer on our initial question is, currently, not available.

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Yabe, T., K. Kaga und A. Kodama. „Temporal Bone Pathology of a Patient without Hearing and Caloric Reaction, and with Counter-rolling after Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia“. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 108, sup468 (Januar 1989): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016488909139066.

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Wali, Jibran A., Samantha M. Solon-Biet, Therese Freire und Amanda E. Brandon. „Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health“. Biology 10, Nr. 4 (16.04.2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040336.

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Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an increased adiposity and is a precipitating factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and altered metabolic health. Of the various factors contributing to metabolic impairments, nutrition is the major modifiable factor that can be targeted to counter the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, the macronutrient composition of a nutritionally balanced “healthy diet” are unclear, and so far, no tested dietary intervention has been successful in achieving long-term compliance and reductions in body weight and associated beneficial health outcomes. In the current review, we briefly describe the role of the three major macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and their role in metabolic health, and provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how an integrated multi-dimensional approach to nutritional science could help in reconciling apparently conflicting findings.

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Saqui-Salces, Milena, Amy C. Tsao, Merritt G. Gillilland und Juanita L. Merchant. „Weight gain in mice on a high caloric diet and chronically treated with omeprazole depends on sex and genetic background“. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 312, Nr. 1 (01.01.2017): G15—G23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2016.

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The impact of omeprazole (OM), a widely used over-the-counter proton pump inhibitor, on weight gain has not been extensively explored. We examined what factors, e.g., diet composition, microbiota, genetic strain, and sex, might affect weight gain in mice fed a high caloric diet while on OM. Inbred C57BL/6J strain, a 50:50 hybrid (B6SJLF1/J) strain, and mice on a highly mixed genetic background were fed four diets: standard chow (STD, 6% fat), STD with 200 ppm OM (STD + O), a high-energy chow (HiE, 11% fat), and HiE chow with OM (HiE + O) for 17 wk. Metabolic analysis, body composition, and fecal microbiota composition were analyzed in C57BL/6J mice. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed using mice on the mixed background. After 8 wk, female and male C57BL/6J mice on the HiE diets ate less, whereas males on the HiE diets compared with the STD diets gained weight. All diet treatments reduced energy expenditure in females but in males only those on the HiE + O diet. Gut microbiota composition differed in the C57BL/6J females but not the males. Hybrid B6SJLF1/J mice showed similar weight gain on all test diets. In contrast, mixed strain male mice fed a HiE + O diet gained ∼40% more weight than females on the same diet. In addition to increased weight gain, mixed genetic mice on the HiE + O diet cleared glucose normally but secreted more insulin. We concluded that sex and genetic background define weight gain and metabolic responses of mice on high caloric diets and OM.

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Monsell, Edwin M., Derald E. Brackmann und Fred H. Linthicum. „Why Do Vestibular Destructive Procedures Sometimes Fail?“ Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 99, Nr. 5 (November 1988): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988809900505.

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Vestibular nerve specimens and one temporal bone, from patients with vestibular symptoms after destructive surgery on the vestibular system, were studied by light microscopy. Surviving nerve axons in three specimens that followed retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section (RLVNS) were counted and compared to normative data. Results are consistent with persistence of the central processes of primary vestibular neurons in three specimens from patients who had persistent symptoms and ice-water caloric responses after RLVNS. Incomplete neurectomy probably results from anatomic variations in the plane of separation of the vestibular and cochlear portions of the eighth nerve in the posterior fossa. Regeneration neuromas were found in the vestibule after a complete transmastoid labyrinthectomy and a Fick sacculotomy; this indicates that wide degrees of injury to the labyrinth may provoke this response. Disabling unsteadiness after labyrinthectomy may or may not respond to revision surgery (translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section). The indications for revision surgery are discussed. The excision of Scarpa's ganglion by the translabyrinthine route offers the best chance to ensure complete removal of peripheral vestibular tissue, minimize postoperative unsteadiness, and prevent neuroma formation.

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Roupas, Zacharias. „Gravitational Instability Caused by the Weight of Heat“. Symmetry 11, Nr. 12 (21.11.2019): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121435.

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Thermal energy points towards a disordered, completely uniform state act to counter gravity’s tendency to generate order and structure through gravitational collapse. It is, therefore, expected to contribute to the stabilization of a self-gravitating, classical ideal gas over collapse. However, I identified an instability that always occurs at sufficiently high energies: the high-energy or relativistic gravothermal instability. I argue here that this instability presents an analogous core–halo structure as its Newtonian counterpart, the Antonov instability. The main difference is that in the former case the core is dominated by the gravitation of thermal energy and not rest mass energy. A relativistic generalization of Antonov’s instability—the low-energy gravothermal instability—also occurs. The two turning points, which make themselves evident as a double spiral of the caloric curve, approach each other as relativistic effects become more intense and eventually merge in a single point. Thus, the high and low-energy cases may be realized as two aspects of a single phenomenon—the gravothermal instability—which involves a core–halo separation and an intrinsic heat flow. Finally, I argue that the core formed during a core-collapse supernova is subject to the relativistic gravothermal instability if it becomes sufficiently hot and compactified at the time of the bounce. In this case, it will continue to collapse towards the formation of a black hole.

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Cox, J. E., und J. F. Lorden. „Dietary obesity: brown fat denervation fails to alter development or recovery“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, Nr. 6 (01.06.1986): R1108—R1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.6.r1108.

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We assessed the effect of scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) denervation on dietary obesity in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. In rats maintained for 32 days on an obesity-inducing regimen, BAT denervation produced significant reductions in food intake (83.4 vs. 94.4 kcal/day), weight gain (66.0 vs. 103.5 g), and carcass fat (19.3 vs. 27.6%). A subgroup of denervates consuming as many calories as controls (94.1 kcal/day) failed to gain more weight (92.2 g) or accumulate more fat (25.4%) than controls. In rats developing obesity for 32 days followed by 8 days on laboratory chow, weight change was unaffected by denervation during either weight gain (89.4 vs. 87.1 g for controls) or weight loss (21.2 vs. 22.1 g) phases, as was carcass fat (21.0 vs. 20.4%). BAT norepinephrine utilization was unchanged in nondenervated obese rats and those recovering from obesity. We did not, therefore, find evidence that under these experimental conditions sympathetic activation of BAT countered obesity during overconsumption or contributed to recovery from obesity.

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Li, Rongrong, und Wei Chen. „Ground-Breaking Application of Raw Corn Starch-Based Diet in Patients with Insulinoma-Related Hypoglycemia: A Before-After Prospective Study“. Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_041.

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Abstract Objectives Raw corn starch (RCS), as a source of slow release carbohydrate, has been used to counter the hypoglycemia caused by glycogen storage diseases. Further, the utilization of RCS in other conditions has rarely been studied. Insulinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, tends to lead to life-threatening hypoglycemia as well as hyperphagia that often contribute to severe obesity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of an RCS-based diet to control insulinoma-related hypoglycemia. Methods In this single-arm prospective clinical study, 28 in-patients with unoperated insulinoma were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018. The intervention included education and guidance of an RCS-based structured diet comprising complex carbohydrate that provided 60%∼70% of patients’ caloric intake. RCS constituted 30%∼50% of daily carbohydrate intake, and was supplemented regularly between meals or every 4 hours overnight, in doses of 20g∼50 g per time. Clinical parameters were supervised before and after the intervention to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Results Twenty-eight patients (8 males) with insulinoma, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 14 years, received the RCS-based nutritional management. During post-intervention period, both FBG (3.30 ± 0.91 mmol/L) at 1 week and FBG (3.07 ± 0.77 mmol/L) at over 4 weeks of follow up, were all significantly higher than pre-intervention FBG (2.27 ± 0.64 mmol/L) (P = 0.000). Frequency of hypoglycemic attacks and reports of hypoglycemic symptoms (especially autonomic symptoms (fatigue, sense of hunger)) were also reduced on RCS-based diet. Compared with obvious weight gain (4.07 ± 2.04 kg/month) in all cases before intervention, RCS-based diet prevented the ponderal growth induced by overeating in 76.9% of patients. In terms of safety, mild gastrointestinal discomfort was reported as the most common adverse reaction, but relieved when RCS doses were slightly reduced. Conclusions An RCS-based diet constitutes an effective, well tolerated and non-invasive therapy to counter insulinoma-related hypoglycemia. Funding Sources This study was supported by the the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant number: 3,332,018,014), and the Project of Science and Technology of Beijing (grant number: Z191100008619006).

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Tuchman, Arleen Marcia. „Biometrics and citizenship: Measuring diabetes in the United States in the interwar years“. History of Science 58, Nr. 2 (13.09.2019): 166–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319869762.

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In 1936, the journalist Hannah Lees published “Two Million Tightrope Walkers,” drawing attention to the significant number of people in the United States estimated to have diabetes. Focusing on how people with diabetes should live, she emphasized the importance of recording the exact values of everything they ate and avoiding all “riotous living” lest they be unable to keep careful measurements of calories, insulin, and sleep. Employing two meanings of measured – as counted and as moderate – Lees was doing more than communicating how someone might control their disease; she was also calling for a “controlled and self-reliant citizenry.” Indeed, Lees insisted that diabetics who followed a regime of measurement “make a good deal better citizens than the average.” Drawing on the writings of Lees and other social commentators, I explore the link between biometrics, citizenship, and diabetes in the United States in the interwar years. In particular, I look at how this disease came to symbolize both the regimes of discipline thought to be necessary in a society moving to consumption as its economic motor, and the fears of what could happen if consumption ran amok. Biometrics, I argue, offered clinicians and patients a potent tool for measuring deviance and, potentially, for restoring a person to the “norm.”

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Isenmann, Eduard, Patrick Diel, Stephan Geisler und Thorsten Schiffer. „The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Muscular Regeneration After Intense Resistance Training in Soccer Players“. Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa066_011.

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Abstract Objectives Nutrition is a key element in post-exercise regeneration. Various studies suggest that ingestion of combined carbohydrates and proteins after exercise result in a decrease of inflammatory processes and consequently in an increase of regeneration and physical performance. Recent studies compared the pro-regenerative effects of protein/carbohydrate shakes with the intake of foodstuffs (white bread and high protein cheese) on the skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a conventional curd/juice shake on the regenerative capacity of soccer players after intensive strength training. Methods Therefore, sixteen young healthy in-season football payers run through a placebo checked double-blind crossover study with two groups. After a standardized training protocol, 3 sets of 12 reps deep back squats and 3 sets of 15 reps drop jumps, the participants ingested either a placebo shake (placebo-group, total calories < 10 kcal) or a conventional shake of 300 g curd and 200 ml grape juice (protein 35.8 g, carbohydrates 43.6 g, fat 0.9 g, total calories 338 kcal). To evaluate the muscle damage effects, serum creatin kinase (CK) as a physiological parameter as well 10 m sprint, counter movement jump (CMJ) and 3RM-squat as functional markers were measured at two time points (t0, t24). In addition, the CK of five players was analysed after a soccer match. Results The results show a positive trend concerning sprint and squat performance in the shake group. Especially in the squat group a significant decrease of performance was observed in the placebo group compared to the shake group (PL: −5.0 kg, P ≤ 05, SH: −3,2 kg, P = .10). In CMJ and CK no difference was observed between the two groups. In both groups, the jump in CMJ decreased and the CK value increased significantly. The increase in CK due to intensive resistance training is also comparable to the muscle damage after a football match. Conclusions In summary, it was found that a quark/juice shake has a positive influence on strength performance in soccer players after intensive strength training. These findings confirm observations from previous studies. However, the positive effects on CK could not be observed in this study. Therefore, further research on conventional foodstuff after resistance training is necessary. Funding Sources No funding.

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Nora, Richard E., Roger Greenlaw und Lori Macy. „Electronic medical record (EMR) order sets, counseling, and complementary therapy for chemotherapy induced nausea/vomiting (CINV) control.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2013): e20698-e20698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e20698.

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e20698 Background: EMR order sets entry can standardize CINV therapy and reduce errors. EMR CINV control, impact of counseling and use of complementary therapies for nutrition and control of CINV are rarely reported. Methods: Patient interview regarding CINV, nutrition education, weight change, and use of other therapies for nutrition and nausea control. Patients initially medicated with parenteral short T1/2 5HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone and oral prochlorperazine. Antiemetics changed at physician discretion. Medical records review for chemotherapy, antiemetics, and weights. Interviews conducted by a research coordinator who did not counsel, prescribe, or treat the patients. Results: 79 patients participated after minimum 2 and maximum 6 cycles of chemotherapy, 24 males and 55 females, age range 38-87 years. 76/79 received moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. 78/79 reported good control of CINV at the time of interview. 38/79 reported decrease in appetite or dysgeusia associated with chemotherapy. 7 patients had change short to long T1/2 5HT3 antagonist. 9 patients had oral aprepitant added. All patients were prescribed oral prochlorperazine and ondansetron, but home use was not assessed as part of the study. 77/79 recalled dietary counsel, but recollection of source and content was not consistent with curriculum or medical record. 8 patients had weight loss >10 pounds, 4 patients had weight gain >10 pounds during chemotherapy. 18 patients reported weight change at least 10 pounds different from measured change. 28/79 patients used calorie and/or protein supplements. 24/79 used ginger related products. 7/79 reported improvement in dysgeusia or appetite with use of plastic utensils. Conclusions: CINV control can be achieved for most patients with combination antiemetics prescribed by EMR order set. Some patients require additional or alterative therapy. A substantial number of patients access nutritive or complementary therapy for CINV control. Patients’ recall of dietary counseling was poor, possibly related to timing of education. Patient reports and possibly perception of chemotherapy associated weight changes are frequently inaccurate.

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Kusova, I. U., G. G. Dubcov, D. V. Zhukova, D. I. Bystrov und O. V. Bespalova. „Extra Value Hong Kong Waffles“. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, Nr. 4 (20.01.2021): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-4-157-162.

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Street food or street food is the format of the food industry enterprises. At such enterprises, the cooking process is focused on the prompt production of products and dishes from semi-finished products and their implementation in street kiosks, pavilions, on mobile counters and carts. The so-called "Hong Kong waffles" are popular as a street food product. One of the effective ways to increase the nutritional value and reduce the energy value of flour confectionery products, which are expedient from a physiological and technological standpoint, can be the use of stevioside sweetener, sea buckthorn oil and Hi-Maize resistant starch as sources of micronutrients (biologically active substances): vitamins, mineral elements and other compounds. Tasting analysis showed that the highest organoleptic properties, as close as possible to the control sample, were possessed by test sample 2 with the addition of 100% stevioside, 100% sea buckthorn oil and 15% of resistant Hi-Maize starch by weight of flour. Samples 4 and 5, the formulation of which included 15% of dried and crushed sea buckthorn cake, scored the least points in the organoleptic assessment, since they have a sea buckthorn aftertaste and a drier and denser crumb compared to other samples. Samples 1 and 3 received a low rating. Sample 1 had a faint aftertaste, probably due to the presence of tri-terpene saponin-licurazide in stevia, which contains a bitter licorice aftertaste. The use of stevioside sweetener, sea buckthorn oil and resistant starch Hi-Maize will not only reduce the calorie content of food products, intensify production processes, but also significantly expand the range of flour confectionery products.

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Thomas, Tom R., Shana O. Warner, Kevin C. Dellsperger, Pamela S. Hinton, Adam T. Whaley-Connell, R. Scott Rector, Ying Liu et al. „Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain“. Journal of Applied Physiology 109, Nr. 1 (Juli 2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01361.2009.

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Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.0–39.9 kg/m2) men and women (age 21–52 yr), with characteristics of the MetS, lost 10% of body weight with supervised walking/jogging at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) (−400 kcal/session), 5 days/wk, and caloric restriction (−600 kcal/day) over a 4- to 6-mo period. After weight loss, 77 remaining subjects underwent programmed weight regain (+50% of lost weight) for 4–6 mo with random assignment to two groups: no exercise (NoEX) or continued supervised exercise (EX). Blood pressure, regional fat, glucose homeostasis, lipids, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline, post-weight loss, and post-weight regain. Groups were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the 67 subjects. After weight loss (9.7 ± 0.2% of body weight), significant ( P < 0.05) improvements were observed in almost all parameters assessed. Following weight regain (54.4 ± 1.6% of lost weight), the NoEX group exhibited deterioration in most metabolic markers, while the EX group maintained improvements in V̇o2max, blood pressures, glucose homeostasis, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and other markers of inflammation, but did not maintain improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations or abdominal fat. Results of this design of controlled human weight regain suggest that aerobic exercise can counter the detrimental effects of partial weight regain on many markers of disease risk.

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Grinfeld, Hermann, Saul Goldenberg, Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre und Gerson Chadi. „Effects of ethanol on offspring of C57BL/6J mice alcoholized during gestation“. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 14, Nr. 3 (September 1999): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86501999000300003.

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The effects of chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy were analysed in the gestation and offspring of alcoholized mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were placed overnight with stud males and the presence of a sperm plug in the next morning indicated the onset of gestation. Pregnant mice were distributed in two weight-matched groups. In the alcoholized group, the mice received a high protein liquid diet ad libitum containing 27.5% of ethanol-derived calories (5.28% v/v) from gestation day 5 to 19. The control group received the same volume of diet containing isocaloric amounts of maltose-dextrin substituted for ethanol. After postnatal day zero, the dams received food pellets and tap water ad libitum. On postnatal day 6 the pups were counted and weighed at variable intervals up to the 60th day of life. The majority of the pregnant dams that have received ethanol completed the gestational period, and the chronic consumption of alcohol did not interfere with the number of dams that gave birth. The alcoholized and control dams gained an equivalent weight and consumed an equivalent volume of diet throughout the gestation. The number of pups from alcohol diet dams was 46,26% smaller compared with the control group. There were less male than female pups in the offspring of alcoholized mice. Teratogeny like gastroschisis and limb malformation were present in the offspring of alcoholized dams. The body weight of the offspring of alcoholized mice increased from the 18th to the 36th postnatal day.

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Mehlhose, Clara, Daniel Schmitt und Antje Risius. „PACE Labels on Healthy and Unhealthy Snack Products in a Laboratory Shopping Setting: Perception, Visual Attention, and Product Choice“. Foods 10, Nr. 4 (20.04.2021): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040904.

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Informative food labels are one way to increase nutritional awareness in society and can essentially help individuals maintain balanced dietary practices. Nonetheless, making food labels ‘informative’, in the sense of applicability, is not always easy. Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) food labeling is one approach to achieve this goal. Yet, it is neither understood how consumers perceive PACE labels, nor how effective they are in regards to healthy food choices. Moreover, it is of interest to assess the perception of real products in close-to-realistic environments. Therefore, this study examined a simulated purchase situation and consumers’ visual attention on PACE labels—on 20 different real snack products with varying health values. In a laboratory-shopping environment, the gaze behaviors of 91 consumers were examined with a head-mounted eye-tracker. In regards to perception, it was elucidated that every participant noticed at least one PACE label. On average 1.39 PACE label fixations on different products were counted with a mean fixation duration of 0.55 s and a mean time to first fixation of 22.46 s. On average, 22.9% of the participants viewed the PACE labels at least once, but the intensity and duration varied greatly between the different products; ’healthier products’ attracted more visual attention than ‘unhealthier products’. In regards to health choice, it became obvious that the choices observed were rather healthy and PACE labels attracted attention. This may have been especially true for participants with little involvement in physical activity and health behavior, which may have been the main target group. Hence, catchy, communicable PACE labels, as well as balanced product offerings may facilitate more healthy food choices. The real-world laboratory setting offered valuable insights, which should be followed-up on.

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Hariton, Florence, Mingzhan Xue, Naila Rabbani, Mark Fowler und Paul J. Thornalley. „Sulforaphane Delays Fibroblast Senescence by Curbing Cellular Glucose Uptake, Increased Glycolysis, and Oxidative Damage“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (22.11.2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5642148.

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Increased cell senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of aging and aging-related disease. Senescence of human fibroblasts in vitro may be delayed by culture in low glucose concentration. There is also accumulating evidence of senescence delay by exposure to dietary bioactive compounds that activate transcription factor Nrf2. The mechanism of cell senescence delay and connection between these responses is unknown. We describe herein that the cruciferous vegetable-derived metabolite, sulforaphane (SFN), activates Nrf2 and delays senescence of human MRC-5 and BJ fibroblasts in vitro. Cell senescence is associated with a progressive and marked increased rate of glucose metabolism through glycolysis. This increases mitochondrial dysfunction and overwhelms defences against reactive metabolites, leading to increasing proteomic and genomic oxidative damage. Increased glucose entry into glycolysis in fibroblast senescence is mainly mediated by increased hexokinase-2. SFN delayed senescence by decreasing glucose metabolism on the approach to senescence, exhibiting a caloric restriction mimetic-like activity and thereby decreased oxidative damage to cell protein and DNA. This was associated with increased expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein, curbing entry of glucose into cells; decreased hexokinase-2, curbing entry of glucose into cellular metabolism; decreased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, downregulating formation of allosteric enhancer of glycolysis fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; and increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, downregulating carbohydrate response element- (ChRE-) mediated transcriptional enhancement of glycolysis by Mondo/Mlx. SFN also enhanced clearance of proteins cross-linked by transglutaminase which otherwise increased in senescence. This suggests that screening of compounds to counter senescence-associated glycolytic overload may be an effective strategy to identify compounds with antisenescence activity and health beneficial effects of SFN in longevity may involve delay of senescence through glucose and glycolytic restriction response.

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