Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Calodema“

Two new distribution records for Western New Guinea for Metaxymorpha Parry, 1848 and one for Calodema Gory & Laporte, 1838, previously known only from Papua New Guinea, are reported. In addition, Calodema wallacei meeki ssp. nov. is described based on an old specimen in the collection of Neervoort van de Poll. New corrigenda to previous published records are also reported.

The tribe Stigmoderini is revised: the highly derived ovipositor provides evidence that the tribe is monophyletic. A scheme of evolution of the buprestid ovipositor is postulated. The genera of Stigmoderini are delineated and relationships between them are analysed using traditional Hennigian methods. Synapomorphic characters which suggest conflicting relationships are examined, the probability of homoplasy assessed, and a cladogram constructed which best fits the available data. The female accessory gland, a structure not recorded previously in any buprestid, is accorded high weight and supports the monophyly of Themognatha, Calodema and Metaxymorpha. Themognatha and Castiarina are elevated to generic status, monotypic Hypostigmodera is synonymised with Castiarina, and species groups are distinguished in Calodema and Metaxymorpha. A key to genera is provided. Generic characters are reviewed and taxonomically significant structures are illustrated with line drawings or scanning electron micrographs.

Eine Untersuchung von Material, das seit dem ersten Teil der Revision verfügbar wurde, ergab weitere Nachweise von Calodera-Arten. C. zerchei sp. n., die erste Art aus dem Fernen Osten Russlands, wird beschrieben und von der nur aus Japan bekannten C. desdemona Sharp unterschieden. Zwei Synonymien werden begründet: Calodera Mannerheim, 1830 = Ityocara Thomson, 1867, syn. n.; Calodera aethiops (Gravenhorst, 1802) = Aleochara (Calodera) perspicua Gistel, 1857, syn. n. Calodera rubens Erichson, die Typusart von Ityocara, wird wieder Calodera zugeordnet. Die Sexualmerkmale von Calodera rubens, C. desdemona und C. zerchei werden abgebildet. 17 Calodera-Arten sind aus der Holarktis bekannt, davon 11 aus der Westpaläarktis, 3 aus der Ostpaläarktis und 3 aus der Nearktis. Die Tatsache, dass alle bisher untersuchten, aus Regionen außerhalb der Holarktis beschriebenen Calodera-Arten nicht in diese Gattung gehören, deutet darauf hin, dass Calodera holarktisch verbreitet ist.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini, Calodera, Palaearctic region, taxonomy, new species, new synonyms, new combination, new records.Nomenklatorische Handlungenperspicua Gistel, 1857 (Aleochara (Calodera)), syn. n. of Calodera aethiops (Gravenhorst, 1802)zerchei Assing, 2003 (Calodera), spec. n.

Calodera lunata sp. n. (Russia: Komi Republic) is described, illustrated, and distinguished from the Eastern Palaearctic C. zerchei Assing, 2003 and C. desdemona Sharp, 1888. Calodera hebeiensis Pace, 1999 is transferred to Parocyusa Bernhauer. A key to the Palaearctic species of Calodera is provided.

Die Typen und weiteres Material der in der Holarktis vorkommenden Arten der Gattung Amarochara Thomson werden revidiert. Von 25 als valid erkannten Arten werden 24 beschrieben bzw. redeskribiert: A. umbrosa (Erichson), A. heterogaster Cameron, A. sororcula Cameron, A. inquilina (Casey) , A. fenyesi Blatchley, A. brevios sp. n., A. bonnairei (Fauvel), A. cribripennis (Mulsant & Rey), A. siculifera sp. n., A. inermis sp. n., A. caeca sp. n., A. crassicornis (Quedenfeldt), A. forticornis (Lacordaire), A. carinata sp. n., A. loebli Pace, A. seriepunctata sp. n., A. armata sp. n., A. wrasei sp. n., A. megalops sp. n., A. formosana sp. n., A. densepunctata sp. n. und A. splendens Jarrige. Die Identität von A. tingitana Jarrige, deren Holotypus verschollen ist, bleibt ungeklärt. Die Revision ergab folgende Synonymien, Neukombinationen und Ersatznamen: Calodera Mannerheim, 1830 = Nasirema Casey, 1893, syn. n.; Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 = Sorecocephala Bernhauer, 1902, syn. n.; Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939 = A. simlaensis Cameron, 1939, syn. n., = A. smetanai Pace, 1992, syn. n.; Calodera bonnairei Fauvel, 1865, nomen protectum = Oxypoda glabriventris Rye, 1865, nomen oblitum; Dasygnypeta velata (Erichson, 1837) = Calodera flavipes Motschulsky, 1858 (zuvor Synonym von Amarochara forticornis); Alevonota japonica (Cameron, 1933), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Calodera caseyi nom. n., comb. n. (ursprünglich als Nasirema humilis Casey, 1893 beschrieben und später Amarochara zugeordnet, sekundäres jüngeres Synonym von Calodera humilis Erichson); Calodera parviceps (Casey, 1893), comb. n. (ursprünglich als Nasirema beschrieben, später als Synonym von Amarochara umbrosa vermutet); Pseudocalea korbi (Bernhauer, 1902), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Aleochara (Ceranota) ocaleoides (Bernhauer, 1902), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (Hochhuth, 1849) = Calodera brunnea Motschulsky, 1860 (vorher Synonym von Amarochara forticornis), = Ocalea reitteri Bernhauer, 1900, syn. n. Amarochara flavicornis Bernhauer, 1907 wird in die Tribus Athetini transferiert, ihre Gattungszugehörigkeit ist jedoch zweifelhaft. Für Calodera bonnairei Fauvel wird ein Neotypus designiert. Lectotypen werden designiert für Calodera umbrosa Erichson, 1837, Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939, Nasirema inquilina Casey, 1906, Oxypoda glabriventris Rye, 1865, Ilyobates cribripennis Mulsant & Rey, 1875 und Ocalea reitteri Bernhauer, 1900. In einem historischen Überblick werden die taxonomischen Entwicklungen zur Gattung Amarochara zusammengefasst. Auf der Grundlage phylogenetischer Untersuchungen und Schlussfolgerungen wird die bestehende Untergattungssystematik nicht übernommen. Da aber die Arten anderer zoogeographischer Regionen bisher nicht revidiert wurden, werden die Subgenera nicht formal synonymisiert. Statt dessen werden die holarktischen Vertreter der Gattung 5 Artengruppen zugeordnet. Die Beschreibungen der Gattung, der Artengruppen sowie der Arten werden durch eine Bestimmungstabelle und durch Abbildungen der Mundteile, der primären und sekundären Geschlechtsmerkmale sowie weiterer Unterscheidungsmerkmale ergänzt. Die verfügbaren biogeographischen Daten werden zusammengefasst; für eine Reihe von Arten werden Verbreitungskarten vorgelegt. Ergebnisse von Freilanduntersuchungen und Sammlungsdaten deuten darauf hin, dass die holarktischen Amarochara-Arten univoltin sind und sich im Frühjahr und Sommer fortpflanzen. Reproduktion und Überwinterung finden offenbar in einem bisher unbekannten unterirdischen Habitat statt. Die verfügbaren ökologischen Daten werden zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Die Phänologien einiger besser bekannter Arten werden in Form von Diagrammen illustriert. Die Sexualmerkmale zweier in andere Gattungen kombinierter Arten, Pseudocalea korbi (Bernhauer) und Aleochara ocaleoides (Bernhauer), werden abgebildet.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini, Amarochara, Nasirema, Calodera, Ocalea, Pseudocalea, Aleochara, Alevonota, Dasygnypeta, Sorecocephala, Holarctic region, Palaearctic region, Nearctic region, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, life history, new species, new synonymy, new combination, neotype designation, lectotype designation.Nomenklatorische Handlungenocaleoides (Bernhauer, 1902) (Aleochara (Ceranota)), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara ocaleoidesjaponica (Cameron, 1933) (Alevonota), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara (Amarochara) japonicaarmata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.bonnairei (Fauvel, 1865) (Amarochara), Neotype; nom. protectum hitherto Calodera (Ilyobates) bonnaireibrevios Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.caeca Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.carinata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.cribripennis (Mulsant & Rey, 1875) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Ilyobates cribripennisdensepunctata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.formosana Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.heterogaster Cameron, 1939 (Amarochara), Lectotypeinermis Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.inquilina (Casey, 1906) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Nasirema inquilinamegalops Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.seriepunctata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.siculifera Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.umbrosa (Erichson, 1837) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Calodera umbrosawrasei Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.simlaensis Cameron, 1939 (Amarochara (Lasiochara)), syn. n. of Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939smetanai Pace, 1992 (Amarochara (Lasiochara)), syn. n. of Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939caseyi Assing, 2002 (Calodera), nom. n. pro Nasirema humilis Casey, 1893, nec Erichson, 1837parviceps (Casey, 1893) (Calodera), comb. n. hitherto Nasirema parvicepsreitteri Bernhauer, 1900 (Ocalea), Lectotype; syn. n. of Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (Hochhuth, 1849)glabriventris Rye, 1865 (Oxypoda), Lectotype; nom. oblitum now a synonym of Amarochara bonnairei (Fauvel, 1865): nom. protectumkorbi (Bernhauer, 1902) (Pseudocalea), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara korbi

Phalaena militta Stoll, [1781], currently in the combination Thyrgis militta, is transferred to the new combination Calodesma militta. Phalaena militta is the type species of Thyrgis Walker, 1854, and so Thyrgis is a junior synonym of Calodesma Hübner, [1820]. The reinstated genus Seileria Dognin, 1923 is the next available name for the genus previously known as Thyrgis, and the remaining eight species and their subspecies currently in Thyrgis are transferred to new combinations as species of Seileria: S. angustifascia (Hering, 1925), S. basipunctata (Hering, 1926), S. constrictifascia (Dognin, 1919), S. flavonigra (Dognin, 1910), S. investigatorum (Toulgoët, 1988), S. marginata (Butler, 1875), S. meres (Druce, 1911), S. phlegon (Druce, 1885), S. phlegon ruscia (Druce, 1895), S. tenuifascia (Hering, 1930) and S. tenuifascia daguana (Hering, 1930). Eucyanoides Toulgoët, 1988, currently a synonym of Thyrgis, is made a new subjective synonym of Seileria. Based on DNA barcodes, we recognise three very similar, sexually dimorphic and in two cases polymorphic South American species of Calodesma with some phenotypes in common but very similar male genitalia: C. militta (BOLD:AAK1660), C. sp. cf. collaris (BOLD:ABZ2392) and C. pseudocollaris Cock new species (BOLD:AEI2170). Calodesma militta is widespread in South America, with two male morphs (collaris and dioptis) and two female morphs with variable markings (white and orange morphs). Centronia plorator Kaye, [1923] and Thyrgis lacryma Dognin, 1919 are variants of the white female morph and are new synonyms of Calodesma militta. A third female morph with red markings was not sequenced and could not be allocated to a species. Calodesma sp. cf. collaris (BOLD:ABZ2392) occurs in southern South America with both male morphs but only a white female morph. Calodesma pseudocollaris new species (BOLD:AEI2170) is only known from Trinidad, with one male morph (collaris) and the white female morph. Although more than ten morphs relating to this complex have been described as species, they cannot be synonymised without more data on distribution of the different species or DNA barcodes from the type specimens. Collated life history information indicates species of this group are split between Malpighiaceae feeders and Bromeliaceae feeders, but more work is needed to define these differences. The morphism patterns observed are discussed in terms of Müllerian mimicry and mimicry rings, and we suggest that in Trinidad (and elsewhere) there is a loose mimicry ring of diurnal black species with white spots or transparent patches on the wings which are most conspicuous and frequently observed when feeding on white Asteraceae flowers.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Calodia Nielson are described and illustrated: C. quadrimaculasp. nov. from Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces and C. zuoaesp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China. A checklist along with distribution and a key to species based on male genitalia of the genus Calodia from China are provided. Olidiana nigritibiana (Li), comb. nov. (earlier in the genus Calodia) is proposed. At present, this genus comprises 45 known species worldwide, of which 19 species are recorded from China.

New replacement names and synonymies are proposed for Neotropical Tachinidae, mainly from Brazil. The following 13 new replacement names are proposed for junior secondary homonyms: Jurinella neobesa, new name for Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, new name for Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, new name for Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, new name for Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, new name for Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, new name for Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, new name for Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, new name for Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); and Phasia aurodysderci, new name for Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). And the two following synonymies are proposed (reinstated): Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830); and Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905).