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1
Brown, Katherine Elizabeth. „Utility of the Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) pupal stage for providing temporal information for death investigations“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/utility-of-the-calliphora-vicina-diptera-calliphoridae-pupal-stage-for-providing-temporal-information-for-death-investigations(50112218-1a84-4629-be4f-c766974bac95).html.
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Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are primary colonisers of cadavers; the ages of the eldest immature stages can be used to estimate minimum post-mortem interval (PMI). These estimates are obtained using calliphorid larvae, for which there are established and reliable preservation protocols and age estimation methods. The opposite is true for pupae; non-standardised crime-scene collection and preservation methods are employed, resulting in poorly preserved specimens for age estimation, which is often conducted using limited and inadequate research data. This has hindered the use of this sedentary, long-lasting stage of the blowfly lifecycle in PMI estimation. A multidisciplinary approach to age estimation of Calliphora vicina pupae was explored, including development of standard preservation protocols, with the aim of improving PMI estimation. Initial work involved the development of standardised egg collection protocols for the purpose of minimising variation in lifecycle length and precocious egg occurrence. This enabled quantification of pupal age error, which was subsequently applied to developmental timelines. Multiple preservation protocols were then trialled on pupae with the aim of retaining native morphological form and nucleic acid integrity for species identification and proposed age estimation methods. Optimal preservation methods for each analysis were suggested and the following universal preservative protocol proposed: pupae are pierced, hot-water-killed, and stored in 80% ethanol at - 20°C. Three methods of pupal age estimation were developed using changes in external morphology, histology and temporal gene expression. The external morphological development of 23 features was recorded from 1494 pupae. These data was used to create a Pupal Age Estimator tool, comprising a manual age-range correlation method and a regression equation for age estimation. Blind sample analysis indicated that age could be estimated to within 23 hours at 22°C, approaching the observed natural variation range. Internal morphological development of 42 pupae sampled at 24-hourly intervals was examined using histology and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Six additional features were identified as suitable age markers, however full analysis was limited by the inherent tissue loss due to sectioning and the low resolution of OCT. Finally, temporal gene expression levels of 42 pupae (selected at 24-hourly intervals) were quantified using qRT-PCR. Expression ratios were calculated between three developmentally expressed genes (Ecr, LSP-2 and Trp) and two housekeeping genes (EF1α and RP49). Regression analysis of these data indicated age estimation was possible to approximately 23 hours at 22°C. It can therefore be considered that the reliability and precision of PMI estimation using the C. vicina pupal stage is much improved from that possible at present. Pupal age estimation is critically dependent on appropriate preservation, now facilitated by the proposed standard protocols and by combining all age estimation methods presented here, a multidisciplinary approach can estimate C. vicina pupal age to within 23 hours at 22°C.
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Harvey, Michelle. „A molecular study of the forensically important calliphoridae (diptera) : implications and applications for the future of forensic entomology“. University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0011.
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[Truncated abstract] A common application of forensic entomology is the estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI). This is most frequently estimated from the age of calliphorid specimens collected from a corpse, and in many cases it is the immature stages that are encountered. A critical step in the estimation of PMI is the accurate identification of insects to species level, with misidentification potentially resulting in the application of unsuitable developmental data and therefore inaccuracy in the resulting estimate. Identification has long been attempted on a morphological basis, but complicated by the lack of larval keys to the Calliphoridae, limited diagnostic features in immature stages and the poor preservation of specimens. Standard practice in forensic entomology is the rearing of immatures collected from the corpse through to the more distinctive adult stages, however this process is time-consuming and may be hindered where specimens die during rearing. Furthermore, many cases are presented for forensic entomologist as an afterthought and specimens are already preserved. Consequently, a new approach to the identification of calliphorids is sought which will overcome the problems of the morphological and rearing methods. ... The culmination of this study is the consideration of applications of molecular data to forensic entomology. A sequence-specific priming (SSP) technique is presented for the identification of the forensically significant calliphorids of Australia and New Zealand, along with a new method for the extraction and storage of calliphorid DNA samples using Whatman FTA cards. These techniques will potentially improve the efficiency and accuracy of identification in the estimation of PMI using calliphorids. The use of calliphorid DNA is not limited to PMI estimation, but may also be applied to museum studies. DNA was extracted from pupal casings from 300 year old mummified corpses, however difficulty was encountered in amplifying the DNA reproducibly. This illustrates however, the wide-ranging implications of the calliphorid sequence data gathered in this study. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the consideration of the status of some global calliphorid species. The new technique presented for identification of Australian and New Zealand species is the culmination of an important body of data that will ultimately contribute to the strong foundation of forensic entomology and our future accuracy, efficiency and utility as a routine investigative tool.
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Benziane, Taoufiq. „Etude expérimentale des modalités de communication dans le comportement sexuel de Calliphora vomitoria (Diptère, Calliphoridae) : effets des leurres et d'un élevage en isolement“. Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30058.
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On etudie les modalites de communication dans le comportement sexuel de calliphora vomitoria. Une experimentation de type ethologique (repertoire comportemental, denombrement des actes et structure des sequences d'actes) essaie, dans un premier temps, de determiner les stimulus sensoriels impliques dans la parade. Elle utilise la technique des leurres en presentant au male un (ou une) partenaire dont on a modifie le corps (tete ou ailes) ou l'odeur. Dans un second temps, elle evalue les consequences d'un elevage en isolement sur le deroulement du comportement sexuel et les modifications des variables physiologiques (developpement gonadotrope et production d'hydrocarbures cuticulaires chez les deux sexes) qui lui sont correlees. La parade sexuelle semble resulter d'une interaction synergique, non hierarchisee, de toutes les modalites sensorielles (olfactives, visuelles, tactiles et/ou de chemoreception de contact). Le male parait soit utiliser une image de recherche de la femelle (schema inne de declenchement), soit la reconstituer (image composite) a partir des informations alterees dues aux interventions pratiquees. L'elevage en isolement montre l'influence du contexte et de l'experience individuelle sur les modalites de communication dans le comportement sexuel
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Thon, Bernard. „Preparation a l'action et processus d'acquisition : une approche experimentale chez l'insecte“. Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30005.
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La premiere partie de ce travail concerne l'analyse des relations entre activite cardiaque et comportement chez la mouche calliphora. Le coeur de cet insecte presente deux types de battements (anterogrades et retrogrades). Les battements anterogrades sont inhibes par des stimulations sensorielles et durant l'activite motrice de l'animal. Nous montrons que ces reponses d'inhibition des battements anterogrades devancent et facilitent l'expression des mouvements locomoteurs, ce qui permet de leur attribuer un role fonctionnel dans la preparation a l'action chez cet insecte. La seconde partie est centree sur l'analyse comportementale de l'habituation chez calliphora. Les resultats obtenus suggerent l'intervention de deux types de processus dans l'acquisition et la retention de l'habituation. De plus, la nature de ces processus pourrait aussi dependre de la finalite des reponses concernees. Les reponses consommatoires verraient leur habituation mediatisee par une depression synaptique dans les voies nerveuses sous-jacentes
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LeBlanc, Helene Nicole. „Olfactory stimuli associated with the different stages of vertebrate decomposition and their role in the attraction of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to carcasses“. Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/301608.
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Aubernon, Cindy. „Stratégies dévelopmentales chez les larves de Calliphoridae : entre régulation thermique et socialité“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S010.
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Les larves de Diptères nécrophages se développant sur un cadavre font face à de fortes pressions de sélection. Nous démontrons comment cet environnement extrême aurait favorisé l’apparition de stratégies comportementales efficaces et originales, basées sur des mécanismes comme la régulation thermique mais également la socialité.Ce travail pose en premier lieu les bases du comportement de régulation thermique des larves de Diptères Calliphoridae. En effet, celles-ci sont confrontées à un environnement thermique très hétérogène, dans lequel elles vont sélectionner la zone la plus appropriée à leur activité métabolique. Bien que différentes espèces exploitent la même ressource au même moment, nous avons observé que les larves de Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria et Calliphora vicina ont chacune une température préférentielle de développement. De plus, nous démontrons que ces larves sont en recherche constante de leur température préférentielle (thermorégulation), et qu’elles adaptent leur alimentation à la température du milieu. Ce premier volet d’expérimentations illustre ainsi le rôle prépondérant de la température dans le comportement des larves. En second lieu, ce travail s'intéresse à la dimension sociale des larves nécrophages, et plus particulièrement au comportement d'agrégation. Nous avons démontré chez Lucilia sericata un fort effet attractif et rétentif des congénères, rendant manifeste une prévalence de la socialité sur la régulation thermique. Les résultats sont cependant drastiquement différents dans des conditions hétérospécifiques, où la formation du groupe varie selon les températures préférentielles et les cinétiques d’agrégation de chaque espèce. Ainsi, la température sélectionnée par un groupe hétérospécifique émerge d'un compromis entre les comportements de thermorégulation et d'agrégation. Enfin, ce travail analyse l’effet de ces stratégies comportementales sur le développement des individus.Nous montrons que le comportement de thermorégulation et l’action des congénères affectent la température sélectionnée par les larves, et donc, leur développement. De tels résultats démontrent l’existence de véritables stratégies comportementales individuelles et collectives de développement, reposant sur l’optimisation de paramètres multiples permettant aux larves de se développer au mieux dans cet écosystème extrême qu’est le cadavre en décompositionOn a cadaver, necrophagous dipteran larvae suffer from strong selection pressures during their development. The premise of this thesis is that such an extreme, competitive and constraining environment would have favored the emergence of efficient developmental strategies, based on mechanisms such as thermal regulation but also sociality. This PhD work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the thermal behavior of Calliphorids larvae, which are confronted with a heterogeneous thermic environment on the corps, in which they select the most appropriate area for their metabolic activity. Firstly, this part shows that larvae have a preferential developmental temperature, which is different according to the species (Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria and Calliphora vicina), although they exploit the same resource at the same time. Secondly, this part demonstrates that the larvae are always in search of this preferential temperature and thirdly, that they adapt both their displacement and their food intake according to the temperature of the nourishing substrate. This first part of experiments demonstrates that the temperature parameters have a strong effect on larval behavior. The second part of this work focuses on the social dimension of larval behavior by analyzing the influence of congeners, mainly through their active aggregation behavior. We show for Lucilia sericata a strong attractive and retentive effect of the group, making obvious that sociality prevails over thermal regulation. However, these results are radically different under heterospecific conditions where the group formation strongly depends on preferential temperatures as well as aggregation kinetics of each species. Finally, the third part of this work analyzes the effects of temperature and congeners on the development of individuals and shows that both the behavior of thermoregulation and the action of congeners impact the temperature selected by larvae, and therefore, their development. These results indicate the existence of individual and collective behavioral development strategies based on the optimization of multiple parameters that allow larvae to develop ideally in this extreme ecosystem of a decaying corpse
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Rössel, Martin [Verfasser], Else-Gita [Gutachter] Mall, Rolf G. [Gutachter] Beutel und Britta [Gutachter] Bockholdt. „Die Entwicklung der Maden der forensisch relevanten Schmeißfliegenart Calliphora vicina (Robineau Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) im Substratvergleich / Martin Rössel ; Gutachter: Else-Gita Mall, Rolf G. Beutel, Britta Bockholdt“. Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1206604735/34.
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Tauhyl, Luís Gustavo Moreli. „Análise cladística de Toxotarsinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae)“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1533.
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The Family Calliphoridae is a diverse group of taxonomic, biogeographic, veterenary, forensic and medical importance, with more than 1200 species. The subfamily Toxotarsinae is endemic for the Neotropical region, has eleven species and is distributed mainly in the Andes countries and south of Brazil. Several authors have already studied this group and contributed with wide literature. The Toxotarsinae species are easily recognizable, but there are some difficulties to classify higher-specific taxa. This is the first phylogeny made for Toxotarsinae and it was necessary for better understanding of this group evolution. The aim of this work was to study the relationship among Toxotarsinae species through cladistics analysis. The character matrix was developed exclusively with morphological information. It was performed heuristic analisys using pacimony with equal weighting analyses obtained from Winclada and implied weighting obtained with TNT. The ingroup was compound for all Toxotarsinae species, Toxotarsus ambrosianus, T. nigrocyaneus, T. humeralis, S. chlorogaster, S. magellanica, S. dichroa, S. splendida, S. roraima, S. versicolor e S. maurii, and Neta chilensis, and the outgroup was compound by: Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Calliphora nigribasis (Macquart, 1851) e Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1775). Equal weighting analysis resulted in only one most parsimoniously topology ((Sarconesia roraima + (Neta chilensis + S. magellanica)) + (S. splendida + (S. maurii + (S. versicolor + (S. dichroa + (S. chlorogaster + (Toxotarsus nygrocianeus + (Toxotarsus humeralis + Toxotarsus ambrosianus)))))))), with L=105, IC=58 e IR=71. Toxotarsinae appears as a monophyletic group, supported by nine synapomorphies. The ingroup species formed two branches: Sarconesia roraima+ supported by two synapomorphies, and S. splendida+ supported by ten synapomorphies. Implied weighting analysis resulted one tree, with different topologies with k values between 1 3. Based on the obtained topologies, the genus Sarconesia is polyphyletic and the other two genera, Neta and Toxotarsus, are among Sarconesia. The original Toxotarsus species remain togheter and supported by eleven synapomorphies at the apex of S. splendida+ clade. The taxa distribution in topology obligates the proposition of nomenclatural changes. Neta chilensis of S. roraima+ branch will be transferred to genus Sarconesia, and S. splendida+ branch will be transferred to Toxotarsus. An identification key was developed with the new combinations is presented.
A família Calliphoridae é um grupo de importância taxonômica, biogeográfica, veterinária, forense e médica e é composta por pouco mais de 1200 espécies. A subfamília Toxotarsinae é endêmica à região Neotropical, possui onze espécies e distribui-se, principalmente, nos países andinos e sul do Brasil. Vários autores já estudaram os Toxotarsinae, o que confere um amplo material de estudo. As espécies pertencentes a este grupo são facilmente reconhecidas, mas há certa dificuldade na classificação dos táxons supra-específicos, razão pela qual este estudo foi realizado. O objetivo do trabalho, portanto, foi o de estudar as relações de parentesco entre espécies de Toxotarsinae (Calliphoridae: Diptera) através de análise cladística. A matriz de caracteres foi desenvolvida exclusivamente com caracteres morfológicos. Foram realizadas análises heurísticas usando parcimônia com e sem pesagem nos programas Winclada e TNT, respectivamente. O grupo interno foi composto por todas as 11 espécies de Toxotarsinae, sendo três de Toxotarsus, Toxotarsus ambrosianus, T. nigrocyaneus e T. humeralis, sete de Sarconesia, S. chlorogaster, S. magellanica, S. dichroa, S. splendida, S. roraima, S. versicolor e S. maurii e uma do gênero monotípico Neta, Neta chilensis. O grupo-externo foi composto por três espécies: Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Calliphora nigribasis (Macquart, 1851) e Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1775). A análise sem pesagem resultou em apenas uma topologia ((Sarconesia roraima + (Neta chilensis + S. magellanica)) + (S. splendida + (S. maurii + (S. versicolor + (S. dichroa + (S. chlorogaster + (Toxotarsus nygrocianeus + (Toxotarsus humeralis + Toxotarsus ambrosianus)))))))), com L=105, IC=58 e IR=71. Toxotarsinae aparece como um grupo monofilético, com suporte de nove sinapomorfias. As espécies foram agrupadas em dois ramos internos: Sarconesia roraima+ suportado por duas sinapomorfias e S. splendida+ por dez sinapomorfias. As análises com pesagem implícita resultaram em uma árvore, com mudanças na topologia apenas com valores de k entre 1 - 6. Com base nas topologias obtidas, tanto com como sem pesagem, o gênero Sarconesia apareceu como táxon polifilético, pois os dois outros gêneros, Neta e Toxotarsus, foram incluídos entre suas espécies. As espécies do gênero Toxotarsus permanecem juntas suportadas por onze sinapomorfias no ápice do clado S. splendida+. A distribuição dos táxons na topologia tem como consequência a proposição de alterações nomenclaturais. A espécie Neta chilensis será transferida para o gênero Sarconesia e as do clado S. splendida+ serão transferidas para o gênero Toxotarsus. Uma chave de identificação com as novas combinações é apresentada.
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McDonagh, Laura. „Assessing patterns of genetic and antigenic diversity in Calliphoridae (blowflies)“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/98597.
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The blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) include some of the world‘s most economically significant parasites of livestock. The defining characteristic of blowflies is the need for their larval stages to feed on a proteinaceous substrate, often including the tissues of a living vertebrate host, a process known as myiasis. While the evolution of myiasis has been linked to the development of key adaptations in behaviour and physiology (Stevens et al., 2006), patterns of blowfly evolution suggest that parasitism evolved independently in different blowfly groups after periods of geographic isolation (Stevens et al., 2006). However, understanding the origin and evolution of myiasis in Calliphoridae is restricted by a lack of agreed theories of evolutionary relationships and taxonomic classification (Stevens, 2003). Mitochondrial genes are some of the most widely used molecular markers in insect systematics, yet most studies have utilised only single genes, with few having systematically assessed which if any are best suited for studying particular insect orders. Accordingly, this thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of 62 hexapod mitochondrial genomes, including 55 from Insecta, and assesses the ability of mitochondrial genes to recover currently recognised insect orders as monophyletic groupings. The greatest amount of phylogenetic signal was recovered when all mitochondrial genes were analysed together, regardless of optimality criterion used (PhyML, RaxML, MrBayes). Of the single-gene analyses, COX1 out-performed all other genes, even performing as well as a combined-gene analysis under Bayesian inference. In view of this finding, nucleotide sequence data from COX1 (mitochondrial protein-coding), EF-1α (nuclear protein-coding gene), and 28S (nuclear rRNA) were combined to present one of the most comprehensive multi-gene phylogenetic studies of Calliphoridae to date, resolving many ambiguous relationships, and also including several taxa that have not previously been analysed in molecular phylogenetic studies. Within Calliphoridae, Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm fly), is widely considered one of the most destructive insect parasites of livestock in the Western hemisphere. While successful eradication programmes using sterile insect technique (SIT) have been completed in North and Central America, and on some Caribbean islands, in some areas SIT has failed. It has been hypothesized that failure of SIT may be related to genetic differentiation between populations of C. hominivorax. Consequently, intra-specific variation using nucleotide sequence data from both mitochondrial (COX1 and 12S) and nuclear (EF-1α) markers, was explored. Phylogenetic analysis of these data confirmed some population substructuring and suggested a South American origin to all Caribbean island populations, with the exception of Cuba. In agreement with previous studies, Cuban populations appeared distinct from all other Caribbean populations; however, our findings do not support a North American origin for Cuba, as has previously been suggested. Finally, this thesis attempted to explore the relationship between antigenic proteins expressed in larvae from species displaying different forms of parasitism, and in doing so assessed the utility of such target proteins as potential candidates for species-specific vaccines and diagnostic tools. However, while this work discovered distinct antigenic profiles for different blowfly species, the ability to characterize specific antigens was fundamentally limited by an apparent lack of homologous proteins in current databases.
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Kosmann, Cecília. „Calliphoridae (diptera) : identificação, sinantropia e análise microbiológica“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13576.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2013.Submitted by Luiza Silva Almeida (luizaalmeida@bce.unb.br) on 2013-07-15T19:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_CecíliaKosmann.pdf: 58405643 bytes, checksum: 0e4d689b0f0a7f9f264cdfcc42407b04 (MD5)
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Os califorídeos apresentam uma estreita relação com o ambiente antropogênico, sendo comumente encontrados junto à matéria orgânica em decomposição. Esta relação, somada aos seus hábitos alimentares, lhes confere uma elevada importância médica, veterinária e forense. Tal relevância acarreta uma classificação bastante conservativa do grupo, gerando incongruências no uso dos nomes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o grau de sinantropia das espécies de Calliphoridae no Distrito Federal (DF), isolar e quantificar as colônias de Escherichia coli carreadas externamente por califorídeos no campus Darcy Ribeiro da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), bem como identificar todas as espécies de moscas-varejeiras presentes no DF com base no DNA mitocondrial. Ainda, procurou-se atualizar os nomes válidos das espécies de Calliphoridae que ocorrem nas Américas ao Sul do México e fornecer uma chave de identificação morfológica para aquelas registradas no Brasil. Neste sentido, foram contabilizadas 99 espécies distribuídas em 29 gêneros ocorrendo na região delimitada, ao passo que no Brasil são registradas 43 espécies em 15 gêneros. Existem 11 espécies de califorídeos no DF e as espécies invasoras tendem a ser mais sinantrópicas que as nativas. No campus da UnB, estas mesmas espécies invasoras aparentam ser as mais relevantes na transmissão de E. coli. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) representa o maior risco à saúde humana na área de estudo. Foi criado um banco de dados dos califorídeos que ocorrem no DF e sequências parciais do gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade I (COI) de espécimes coletados na região foram comparadas com o mesmo. Todas as espécies tiveram sua monofilia recíproca confirmada com um alto grau de suporte de ramos nas análises filogenéticas geradas pelo método de Neighbor-Joining (NJ). ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The blow flies have a close relationship with the anthropogenic environment and are commonly found near decaying organic matter. This relationship, together with their eating habits, gives them a high medical, veterinary, and forensic importance. This relevance results in a very conservative classification of the group, creating inconsistencies in the use of names. The aim of this research was to evaluate the degree of synanthropy of the blow flies’ species in the Distrito Federal (DF), isolate and quantify the colonies of Escherichia coli carried externally by them in the campus Darcy Ribeiro of the Universidade de Brasília (UnB), and to identify all species of Calliphoridae present in the DF through their mitochondrial DNA. Still, we tried to update the valid names of species of Calliphoridae that occur in the Americas south of Mexico and provide a morphological identification key for those registered in Brazil. In this sense, 99 species in 29 genera were recorded in the bounded region, while in Brazil 43 species in 15 genera are registered. There are 11 species of Calliphoridae in DF, where invasive species tend to be more synanthropic than the native ones. On the university’ campus, these same invasive species appear to be the most important in the transmission of E. coli, and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) represents the greatest risk to human health in the study area. A database of the blow flies species that occur in the DF was created and partial sequences of the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from specimens collected in the region were compared with the database. All species had their reciprocal monophyly confirmed with a high degree of branch support by phylogenetic analysis constructed through the Neighbor- joining method (NJ).
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Oliveira, Roberta Luiza Salgado. „Dipterofauna necrófaga associada à carcaças de suínos em composição em uma área de caatinga de Pernambuco“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17115.
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A fauna encontrada em carcaças animais é composta por pequenos invertebrados, que possuem a necessidade de descobrir, colonizar e usufruir rapidamente deste substrato. Este trabalho descreve o primeiro inventário sistematizado de dípteros necrófagos em um ambiente de Caatinga, bioma exclusivamente brasileiro e sujeito a temperaturas altas, umidade e pluviosidade baixa. Utilizando como modelo três carcaças de suínos, 15 kg cada um, depositada dentro de uma armadilha modificada de Shannon. As coletas foram realizadas em uma área conservada de Caatinga no município de Serra talhada, estado de Pernambuco, em abril e maio/2010. Insetos adultos foram coletados diariamente utilizando com redes entomológicas, do primeiro dia depois da morte até a completa esqueletização da carcaça. A decomposição foi dividida em cinco fases: fresca (1 dia), inchada (2 dias), decomposição ativa (4 dias), decomposição avançada (5 dias) e seco (14 dias). Foram coletadas 19, 736 adultos pertecentes a 20 familias o qual dez possuem registro prévio de necrofagia, abrangendo 57% do total de abundância e 59% do total de riqueza. A família necrófaga mais abundante foi Calliphoridae (47,3% dos espécimes), Sarcophagidae (20,8%) e Muscidae (15,5%). As espécies mais abundantes com hábitos necrófagos foram Cochliomyia macellaria (25,4% do total de indivíduos necrófagos), Chrysomya albiceps (22,3%) (Calliphoridae) e Musca domestica (15,1%) (Muscidae). Embora estágios iniciais de decomposição sejam associados com alta abundancia de indivíduos necrófagos, uma lata riqueza foi registrada nos estágios finais. A abundância de C. macellaria e Chloroprocta idioidea parecem estar associada com uma preferência por ambiente selvagem. Relatamos pela primeira vez a presença da espécie invasora C. albiceps na Caatinga, embora sua proporção na assembléia não foi tão dominante como registrado para outras áreas neotropicais. É possível inferir que, apesar das duras condições ambientais na Caatinga, o bioma abriga uma rica assembléia de dípteros necrófagos que desempenham um papel fundamental na decomposição da matéria animal.
The fauna found in animal carcasses consists of small invertebrates, which have the need to discover, colonize and rapidly take advantage of this substrate. This paper describes the first systematic inventory of necrophagous Diptera in an environment of Caatinga biome of Brazil and exclusively subjected to high temperatures, low humidity and rainfall. Using as a model three carcasses of pigs, 15 kg each, placed inside a modified Shannon trap. Field trials were performed in a preserved area of caatinga in the municipality of Serra Talhada, State of Pernambuco, in April and May/2010. Adult insects were collected daily using entomological nets, from the first day after death until the complete skeletonization of the carcass. Decomposition was divided into five stages: fresh (1 day), bloated (2 days), active decay (4 days), advanced decay (5 days) and dry (14 days). We collected 19.736 adults belonging to 20 families of which 10 have previous register necrophagy, and make up 57% of total abundance and 59% of total richness. The most abundant necrophagous families were Calliphoridae (47,3% of specimens), Sarcophagidae (20,8%) and Muscidae (15,5%). The most abundant species with necrophagous habits were Cochliomyia macellaria (25,4% of total necrophagous individuals), Chrysomya albiceps (22,3%) (Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (15,1%) (Muscidae). Although early stages of decomposition were associated with higher abundance of necrophaguos individuals, a higher richness was registered at the final stages. The abundance of C. macellaria and Chloroprocta idioidea seems to be associated with a preference for wild environment. We report for the first time the presence of the invasive species C. albiceps in the caatinga, although its proportion in the assemblage was not as dominant as registered for other Neotropical areas. It is possible to infer that despite the harsh environmental conditions at the Caatinga, this biome harbours a rich assemblage of necrophagous Dipterans that play a key role in animal matter decomposition.
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Ames, Carole Elizabeth. „Identification of UK populations and determination of pupal age of the forensically important blowfly Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identification-of-uk-populations-and-determination-of-pupal-age-of-the-forensically-important-blowfly-calliphora-vicina-and-calliphora-vomitoria(ab7505c5-2121-4b0a-8ba5-a3235184aacd).html.
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Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde. „Dinamica populacional de Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315868.
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Orientador: Sergio Furtado dos ReisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Foi analisado neste estudo o efeito da densidade larval sobre a fertilidade e sobrevivência em Chrysomya putoria, com objetivo de caracterizar a dinâmica populacional desta espécie. Os parâmetros de fertilidade e sobrevivência obtidos de populações experimentais foram incorporados a uma equação de diferença finita de primeira ordem, escrita como ntH = _F(nt)S(ndnt, empregada para determinar a natureza da dinâmica popula cional de C. putorzoa
Abstract: The effect of larval density on fertility and survival of Chrysomya putoria was analyzed in this study in order to characterize the dynamics of experimental populations of this species. Estimates of fertility and survi vaI were incorporated into a first-order finite difference equation, written as ntH = _F(ndS(ndnt. The dynamic behavior of this equation was assessed to deduce the nature of the population dynamics of C. putoria
Mestrado
Parasitologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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FIGUEIRÊDO, JÚNIOR Carlos Alberto Santiago. „Diversidade genética de dípteros Calliphoridae de importância forense/“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPE, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/14017.
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Calliphoridae é uma família de moscas de considerável importância médica e sanitária com espécies que ocorrem em lixos, fezes e carcaças, e também podem atuar como agentes de miíases. Dentro desta família destaca-se a espécie cosmopolita C. megacephala que é de grande importância forense, pois se alimentam, cruzam e fazem oviposição sobre os cadáveres. Tendo em vista a importância destes organismos, este estudo visou analisar e desenvolver marcadores genéticos que fossem úteis para identificação molecular de larvas de califorídeos e informativos para estudos de dispersão populacional de C. megacephala. Os organismos de estudo foram coletados em quatro localidades do estado de Pernambuco e uma no estado do Ceará. Os espécimes foram identificados e devidamente triados. As PCRs foram realizadas com primers amplificadores de marcadores mitocondriais e nuclear descritos na literatura e primers desenvolvidos no presente estudo a partir de análises in silico. As sequências foram confirmadas por Blastn como pertencentes às espécies correspondentes. As análises genética populacionais de C. megacephala indicaram um baixo grau de polimorfismo e consequentemente ausência de estruturação nas populações estudadas. Sugerindo que esta espécie foi introduzida no Brasil recentemente, e que não existem barreiras genéticas entre as populações. O resultado das análises in silico evidenciaram que o marcador Tag-CYTB, desenvolvido neste estudo fornece resultados mais robustos para taxonomia molecular que o utilizado pelo método barcode para família Calliphoridae.
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BARON, BRIGITTE. „Les myiases des plaies et l'utilisation des larves de calliphorides en therapeutique“. Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15009.
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Williams, Kirstin Alexa. „Spatial and temporal occurrence of forensically important South African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphorida)“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003217.
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Forensic entomology is an emergjng field in South Africa. Little is known about South African blowflies and factors that affect their use in a forensic context. This work provides a review and synthesis of previous work in South Africa and supplements some of the background and basic knowledge required for forensic entomology in South Africa. The seasonal occurrence of eight forensicaIIy important blowfly species was quantified by fortnightly trapping in Grahamstown, South Africa. The spatial distribution of each species was related to seasonal occurrence and habitat preference. Seasonal distributions of blowflies in carcasses in South Africa were obtained from the literature and compared to the seasonal trapping. By mapping South African locality records of forensicaIIy important blowflies and analyzing these records in a modified Principal Components Analysis of climatic data, the potential geographic distributions of each fly species was modeIIed. Most species were widespread, but Calliphora croceipalpis, Jaennicke, 1867, was found in cold places. This information is important for determining where certain species are likely to occur in forensic investigations. Nocturnal oviposition was examined in both field and laboratory experiments. Lucilia species could oviposit nocturnaIIy in the field, while Lucilia species, Chrysomya chloropyga, (Weidemann, 1818) and C. putoria (Weidemann, 1830) could oviposit nocturnaIIy in the laboratory. These findings are important factors in affecting the precision of estimates of a post mortem interval (PM!) by up to 12 hours. The thermophysiological ranges of four species of adult blowflies were determined by measuring onset temperatures of four significant behaviours: onset of neural activity; onset of coordinated movement; shade-seeking and death. There was a sexual size dimorphism in Lucilia species, Chrysomya chloropyga and Calliphora croceipalpis with females being larger than males. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) had an unexpectedly high death threshold, while Calliphora croceipalpis had the lowest death threshold of the flies tested. These points were related to the seasonal and geographic occurrence of each species, to nocturnal activity and placed in a forensic context.
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Johnson, Bobbie. „Effect of stress and diapause in two Calliphoridae species“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4200/.
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Cultures of two Dipteran flies (Calliphora vicina (R-D) and C. vomitoria (L.)) were established to answer questions in regards to responses to thermal and desiccation stress, effects of diapause and the mechanisms which underpin diapause. The findings are divided in to two sections. Unequivocal new findings – Calliphora vomitoria were seen to depend on water being present in culture medium for increased survival. Furthermore, C. vomitoria were found to have lower desiccation resistance than C. vicina. Larvae of C. vicina and C. vomitoria showed different cold tolerance strategies, with C. vicina being freeze-avoiding and C. vomitoria ‘partially’ freeze-tolerant. Metabolomics, using \(^1\)H-NMR, revealed that diapause and non-diapause had distinct metabolic profiles. Diapause larvae were seen to reduce energy synthesis from the Krebs cycle and increase glycolysis. Calliphora vicina and C. vomitoria also exhibited different diapause phenotypes; C. vicina entered a maternally regulated facultative diapause as an L3 larvae, Calliphora vomitoria had a less distinct diapause, with maternal conditions having little effect. Speculative new findings - Despite the above differences C. vicina and C. vomitoria were able to produce a viable cross, though field fresh C. vomitoria were not used, as such it cannot be confirmed if this could occur in the wild. Increased temperatures due to climate change may affect both phenology and survival of insects; C. vicina was seen to have a delayed induction to diapause and a reduction in the proportion entering diapause. Diapause conferred increased cold tolerance; therefore those insects that overwinter not in diapause may suffer increased mortality.
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Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus 1984. „Análise genético-evolutivas em espécies da família Calliphoridae (Diptera:Brachycera:Calyptratae)“. [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316454.
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Orientadores: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin, Nilson Ivo Tonin ZanchinTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A superfamília Oestroidea (Diptera:Brachycera:Calyptratae), com +13.000 espécies descritas, compreende um dos grupos mais numerosos e ecologicamente diversos da ordem Diptera. O grupo possui grande interesse para atividades humanas por englobar espécies de importância médica, veterinária e forense, muitas das quais compõem a família Calliphoridae. Apesar do grande número de estudos disponíveis, as relações evolutivas no grupo, o qual é composto predominantemente por linhagens de rápida diversificação e radiação, ainda são controversas e pouco compreendidas, encorajando a caracterização de novos marcadores moleculares para análises de filogenia molecular. Neste contexto, esta tese foi desenvolvida e organizada em três capítulos descrevendo estudos genéticoevolutivos em espécies da superfamília Oestroidea, com ênfase em Calliphoridae. O primeiro capítulo trata da caracterização e avaliação do segundo espaçador transcrito interno (ITS2) do DNA ribossomal como um marcador molecular para análises filogenéticas em Calliphoridae, incorporando informações tanto da sequência primária quanto da estrutura secundária adquirida pela região. A análise do ITS2 revelou um padrão hierarquicamente organizado das distâncias genéticas nos níveis de espécies, gêneros e subfamílias, enquanto pouca variação intra-específica foi encontrada. As árvores inferidas recuperaram muitas das relações comumente aceitas entre os táxons amostrados, sendo que a inclusão da informação estrutural nas análises resultou na recuperação de topologias mais confiáveis. Sendo assim, o potencial da região ITS2 como um marcador molecular para análises evolutivas na família Calliphoridae foi confirmado e seu uso em análises de maior escala, incluindo marcadores de diferentes naturezas de evolução, encorajado. O segundo capítulo da tese descreve a caracterização in vitro da estrutura secundária adquirida pelo ITS2, através de padrões de digestão enzimática e análise dos fragmentos gerados, em espécies representantes das três superfamílias de Calyptratae: Glossina morsitans, Musca domestica e Cochliomyia hominivorax. A análise do padrão de fragmentos gerados pelas enzimas RNAse I, A, T1 e V1, quando mapeados na estrutura secundária predita in silico, corroborou muitos dos domínios inicialmente preditos pelo método computacional, ressaltando a importância e confiabilidade desses métodos na predição de estruturas secundárias. O terceiro capítulo da tese descreve análises de filogenia molecular na superfamília Oestroidea, com ênfase na amostragem de espécies de Calliphoridae, utilizando quatro marcadores moleculares, dois nucleares (ITS2 e 28S) e dois mitocondriais (COI e 16). As análises, que incluíram uma extensa avaliação dos efeitos de diferentes estratégias de particionamento dos dados em análises de inferência Bayesiana (por conformação estrutural e posição no códon), revelaram a existência de dois clados principais em Oestroidea: Tachinidae + Mesembrinellinae e Oestridae + Rhiniinae + Sarcophagidae + Calliphoridae (definida em senso estrito). O status de família recentemente atribuído à Rhiniinae foi encontrado, enquanto há também evidências para sugerir o mesmo para a subfamília Mesembrinellinae, como proposto anteriormente por outros autores. As diferentes estratégias de particionamento do conjunto de dados amostrados resultaram em diferenças discretas em termos de topologia, comprimentos de ramo e suporte geral das filogenias inferidas. Embora o resultado geral indique uma melhor resolução das análises quando do uso de combinações de partições e modelos mais complexas, as mesmas podem ocasionar também um aumento considerável na incerteza associada às análises
Abstract: The Oestroidea superfamily (Diptera: Brachycera: Calyptratae), with +13,000 described species, comprises one of the most numerous and ecologically diverse groups in the Diptera order. The group is actually of great interest for human activities since it includes species of medical, veterinary and forensic importance, most of them included in the Calliphoridae family. Despite the existence of several studies addressing the issue, evolutionary relationships in Oestroidea, a group mainly composed of rapidly diverged lineages, remains contentious and poorly understood, encouraging the characterization of new molecular markers for phylogenetic inference analyses. In this context, this thesis was developed and organized in three chapters describing genetic and evolutionary studies in species of the Oestroidea superfamily, with emphasis in Calliphoridae. The first chapter deals with the characterization and evaluation of the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA cluster as a molecular marker for phylogenetic inference in Calliphoridae, including information of both primary sequence and secondary structure. The analyses revealed an hierarchically organized pattern of genetic distances in the specific, generic and subfamilial level, while little intraspecific variation was detected. Inferred trees were able to recover most of the commonly accepted relationships among the sampled taxa, with the consideration of structural information resulting in better supported topologies. Thereby, the potential of the ITS2 region as a molecular marker for phylogenetic inference in the Calliphoridae family was corroborated and its use in larger scale analyses, including other markers with different evolutionary patterns, encouraged. Chapter II describes the in vitro characterization of the secondary structure of the ITS2 region, through patterns of enzymatic digestion and analysis of the generated fragments, in representative species of the three superfamilies of the Calyptratae clade: Glossina morsitans, Musca domestica and Cochliomyia hominivorax. Analyses of the patterns of the fragments generated by enzymatic digestions with the RNAses I, A, T1 and V1, when mapped in the in silico predicted secondary structure, corroborated the folding of most of the domains predicted by computational methods, highlighting the importance and reliability of these methods in secondary structure prediction. Chapter III describes molecular phylogenetic analyses in the Oestroidea superfamily, with emphasis on the Calliphoridae family, using four different molecular markers, two nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) regions. The analyses, which included a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different data partitioning strategies in a Bayesian framework (by structural conformation and codon position), revealed the existence of two main clades in Oestroidea: Tachinidae+Mesembrinellinae and Oestridae+Rhiniinae+Sarcophagidae+Calliphoridae (defined in a strict sense). The recently attributed family status to Rhiniinae was confirmed, and there are evidence to also suggest the same for Mesembrinellinae, as previously pointed out by other studies. The different data partitioning strategies used in the sampled dataset resulted in small differences in terms of inferred topologies, estimated branch lengths and average support. Although the overall results indicate a significant increase in phylogeny resolution when more complex and parameter-rich models / partitions combinations are used, they can also lead to an increased uncertainty in the phylogenetic estimation process
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Soutor em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Wallman, James Frederick. „Systematics and thermobiology of carrion-breeding blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) /“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw2142.pdf.
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Costa, Oliveira Tatiana. „Dipterofauna associada a cadáveres humanos no Instituto Médico Legal de Pernambuco e sua aplicação na Entomologia Forense“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/536.
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Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Insetos podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para auxiliar as ciências forenses, entre outros, na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM). A decomposição é um processo cuja cronologia pode ser determinada não apenas por uma série de eventos químicos e físicos, mas também pelos grupos de insetos com nichos específicos que ocupam diferentes fases. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a dipterofauna associada a cadáveres humanos e nas instalações do Instituto de Medicina Legal Professor Antônio Persivo Cunha (IMLAPC), Recife. Adicionalmente, visou testar a aplicabilidade de uma fórmula simplificada para estimativa do IPM utilizando evidências entomológicas, com base na comparação com informações sobre a bionomia das espécies descritas na literatura. A coleta ocorreu de setembro/2007 a fevereiro/2008. Larvas de insetos foram coletadas em 14 cadáveres do sexo masculino em avançado estágio de decomposição. Simultaneamente, adultos foram coletados em armadilhas instaladas nas dependências do IMLAPC. Imaturos foram criados até a emergência do adulto para identificar as espécies. Cinco espécies: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Cochliomyia macellaria (Calliphoridae), Oxysarcodexia riograndensis e Ravinia belforti (Sarcophagidae) foram observadas colonizando os cadáveres, com prevalência de C. albiceps, presente em 64,3% dos casos. O ambiente circunvizinho, por sua vez, abriga uma fauna muito mais rica e abundante, com cinco famílias de Diptera (Muscidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae e Stratiomyidae), além de espécimes de Coleoptera e Hymenoptera. A comparação entre os métodos médico-legais e os entomológicos evidenciou a eficácia deste último para determinar o tempo de morte já que, em somente um dos casos houve discrepância dos IPM obtidos. Os resultados contribuem para expandir o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de insetos necrófagos em Pernambuco e oferecem um ponto de partida para os profissionais da área jurídica e criminal
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Junqueira, Ana Carolina Martins. „Evolução molecular do genoma mitocondrial da familia Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera)“. [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316452.
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Orientadores: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin, Claudia Augusta de Moraes RussoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) de três espécies da família Calliphoridae foi completamente sequenciado, apresentando 15004 pb em Chloroprocta idioidea, 16143 pb em Calliphora vomitoria e 16635 pb em Phormia regina. Os três genomas mitocondriais apresentaram a ordem gênica ancestral de Pancrustacea, contendo 13 genes codificadores de proteínas (GCPs), duas subunidades de RNA ribossomal e vinte e dois RNAs transportadores (tRNAs). No entanto, P. regina apresentou uma duplicação envolvendo a sequência completa dos genes de tRNAIle e tRNAGln, além da sequência parcial do tRNAMet. Uma duplicação similar foi previamente descrita para espécies do gênero Chrysomya na mesma localização, inserida no domínio hipervariável da região controle do mtDNA. A composição de nucleotídeos dos mtDNAs sequenciados mostrou um alto viés de bases A e T (71.7% em C. idioidea, 72.9% em C. vomitoria e 75.6% em P.regina), principalemente nas terceiras posições do códon e regiões não-codificadoras, onde o conteúdo A+T é >90%. As reconstruções filogenéticas foram conduzidas com todas as espécies de dípteros com mtDNAs completos, cosistindo no estudo mais amplo com sequências de mtDNA da ordem Diptera. O emprego de genes individuais para a reconstrução de filogenias resultou em topologias variadas com baixo suporte, enquanto o uso de sequências concatenadas de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos dos GCPs mostrou resolução para as relações internas de Diptera. A monofilia de Muscomorpha não obteve suporte nas análises apresentadas neste trabalho, assim como a de Acalyptratae. A família Calliphoridae foi recuperada como monofilética, mas as relações internas de Oestroidea recuperaram espécies de Muscoidea como um grupo irmão de Calliphoridae. As relações entre as subfamílias de Calliphoridae indicaram que Luciliinae e Calliphorinae são grupos irmãos, relacionados a Chrysomyinae. Devido à importância médica, veterinária, sanitária, econômica e forense da família Calliphoridae, o esclarecimento das relações evolutivas desta família é interessante para guiar futuros estudos acerca da evolução do parasitismo e do hábito de causar miíases, além de contribuir para o diagnóstico espécie-específico. Além disso, a caracterização de genomas mitocondriais completos também pode contribuir na resolução de filogenias da ordem Diptera e estudos em evolução molecular e divergências antigas de insetos.
Abstract: In this study, we present the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of three Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera) species: Chloroprocta idioidea, Calliphora vomitoria and Phormia regina, which had 15004, 16143 and 16635 bp, respectively. Each genome was arranged in the same order described for insects and crustaceans, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), two ribossomal RNA subunits (rRNA) and twenty-two transfer RNA (tRNA), with the exception of P. regina, which presented a duplication involving the complete sequences of tRNAIle and tRNAGln genes, besides a partial sequence of the tRNAMet. A similar duplication has been previously described for Chrysomya species in the same location, inserted in the hypervariable domain of the mitochondrial control region. The nucleotide composition was heavily biased toward As and Ts (71.7% for C. idioidea, 72.9% for C. vomitoria and 75.6% for P.regina), mainly when considering third codon positions and non-coding regions, where the A+T content was >90%. The phylogenetic reconstructions were conducted for all available dipteran species in GenBank, this being the most comprehensive study carried out so far with complete mitochondrial genome sequences. The use of single genes has shown that different topologies were obtained with low support, whereas the use of nucleotide and amino-acid data sets with concatenated PCGs usually provided resolution for intraordinal relationships in Diptera. The monophyly of Muscomorpha was not supported in our analyses, as well as the monophyly of Acalyptratae, which is a major clade of Schizophora. The Calliphoridae was a monophyletic family, but the superfamily Oestroidea was disrupted by the inclusion of Muscoidea species as a sister group of Calliphoridae. Within Calliphoridae, the subfamilies Luciliinae and Calliphorinae were clustered together, related to the Chrysomyinae subfamily. In view of its sanitary, medical, economic and forensic importance, knowledge of Calliphoridae relationships is of interest to guide future works on parasitism evolution of the myiasis habit and specific molecular diagnosis of species. In addition, the characterization of complete mitochondrial sequences could provide insights with regard to dipteran relationships and general molecular evolutionary studies on deep-level phylogenies of insects.
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Cardoso, Gisele Antoniazzi 1987. „Expressão de genes relacionados ao hábito alimentar na família Calliphoridae“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316437.
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Orientadores: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo Espin, Tatiana Teixeira TorresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Os estudos da base molecular do comportamento são difíceis de serem realizados uma vez que um comportamento pode ser moldado por diversos fatores (incluindo fatores genéticos). Vários trabalhos ligaram genes a comportamentos específicos. Com bases nesses estudos, nós usamos espécies da família Calliphoridae como modelo para o estudo da evolução do hábito de parasitismo. Espécies muito próximas de califorídeos exibem comportamentos alimentares diferentes como o hábito necrófago ou parasita. Ainda não se sabe como o hábito de parasitismo surgiu em Calliphoridae, no entanto, existem diversas estratégias para tentarmos entender a evolução do hábito de parasitismo. Uma delas envolve a análise da expressão de genes candidatos relacionando as diferenças de expressão observadas com os diferentes hábitos alimentares. Assim, nós utilizamos a técnica de PCR em tempo real, que mede a expressão do gene de interesse em relação a um gene de referência. O uso do gene de referência tem como objetivo retirar uma parte da variação experimental. Portanto, esse gene deve não deve variar sua expressão nas diferentes espécies que foram estudadas. Então, primeiramente selecionamos e validamos genes de referência para obtermos uma quantificação mais precisa dos níveis de expressão dos genes candidatos. Após essa etapa, selecionamos genes candidatos e os separamos em quatro categorias: a) genes diretamente relacionados ao comportamento alimentar, b) genes relacionados ao metabolismo de substâncias tóxicas, c) genes relacionados a respostas imunológicas e; d) genes diretamente ligados ao hábito de parasitismo. A expressão de oito genes candidatos foi analisada em espécies dos gêneros Chrysomya e Cochliomyia. Além disso, foi possível inferir como a expressão desses genes evolui dentro da família Calliphoridae. Nós observamos uma grande conservação nos níveis de expressão gênica em larvas e em adultos evidenciamos diferenças de expressão correlacionadas com a divergência entre as espécies. O gene que se destacou em nossas análises por sua possível relação com o hábito alimentar deve ser estudado detalhadamente para dar continuidade ao projeto
Abstract: Studies involving the molecular basis of behavior are difficult to perform because behavior is shaped by several factors (including genetic factors). Several studies have linked genes to specific behaviors. Based in these studies, we used species of the family Calliphoridae to study the evolution of parasitism. Closely related species of this family exhibit different feeding behaviors (obligate parasites and saprophagous species). It is unclear how parasitism arose in Calliphoridae, however, it is possible to observe in their evolutionary history that this habit appears in three separate occasions. One approach to initiate this study is to examine the expression of candidate genes. For this purpose, we used real time PCR, but gene expression is measured relative to a reference gene. The use of a reference gene is to remove a part of the experimental variation. Therefore, this gene is expected not to vary its expression in the different species studied. Thus, we first selected and validated reference genes to obtain a more accurate quantification of gene expression levels. After this step, we selected candidate genes and separated them into four categories: a) genes directly related to feeding behavior, b) genes related to metabolism of toxic substances, c) genes related to immune responses and d) genes directly linked to parasitism. We analyzed the expression of eight candidate genes in species of Chrysomya and Cochliomyia genera. Moreover, it was possible to infer how the expression of these genes is evolving within family Calliphoridae. We observed a wide conservation in gene expression levels in larvae and in adults there was evidence of neutral evolution (genes differentially expressed among species). The gene Mvl may be involved in the different feeding habits and paved the way to continue the study of the evolution of parasitism
Mestrado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Trivia, Ana Letícia. „Análise do efeito de quimioterápicos em Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera : Calliphoridae)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/178975.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Florianópolis, 2017.Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T04:11:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 348078.pdf: 1068588 bytes, checksum: db47e704a25f47d27aa2871de405437f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Uma das principais aplicações da entomologia forense médico-legal é a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM). Entretanto, certas substâncias químicas presentes em um cadáver podem interferir no desenvolvimento dos insetos que se alimentam dele, sendo importante conhecer estes efeitos para uma estimativa mais precisa do IPM. Entomotoxicologia é o ramo da entomologia forense que estuda o uso de insetos necrófagos na detecção e análise de drogas e outras substâncias em tecidos em decomposição, além de investigar seus possíveis efeitos no desenvolvimento destes artrópodes. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar o impacto dos quimioterápicos ciclofosfamida (CF) e metotrexato (MTX) no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Chrysomya megacephala. Para isso, foram feitos experimentos in vitro com diferentes concentrações destas drogas incorporadas em carne bovina moída, simulando as dosagens injetadas em humanos que passam por quimioterapia. Foram feitos cinco tratamentos para a alimentação das larvas em cada experimento, sendo um controle negativo (água destilada). Para a CF foram utilizadas ½ Dose inicial intravenosa - DIIv (25 mg/kg), 1 DIIv (50 mg/kg), 2 DIIv (100 mg/kg) e 4 DIIv (200 mg/kg); e para o MTX foram utilizadas ½ Dose Inicial Intraperitoneal - DIIp (5 mg/kg), 1 DIIp (10 mg/kg), 2 DIIp (20 mg/kg) e 4 DIIp (40 mg/kg). Todos os tratamentos foram realizados em triplicata e mantidos a 25°C em estufa BOD. A cada 12 horas eram retiradas três larvas de cada tratamento, sacrificadas e o comprimento total de cada uma era medido com auxílio de um paquímetro digital, até o abandono da dieta para pupariação. Foi também realizado um experimento a parte sem manipulação das larvas para calcular as taxas de sobrevivência larval e total para cada tratamento, além da proporção sexual das moscas emergidas. ANOVA e teste Tukey foram realizados para comparar o efeito das drogas sobre o desenvolvimento de C. megacephala. Os resultados indicaram claramente que ambos os medicamentos afetaram o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de C. megacephala, porém de forma heterogênea. Além disso, houve um desvio da razão sexual esperada nas larvas expostas ao MTX, emergindo uma quantidade significativamente maior de fêmeas do que machos. Estes fatores de interferência negativa devem ser considerados em casos de morte suspeita de pessoas que faziam uso destes medicamentos para que não haja uma subestimativa de IPM.
Abstract : One of the main applications of medico-legal forensic entomology is the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI). However, certain chemical substances present in a cadaver can interfere in the development of the insects that feed on it, thus it is important to know these effects for a more accurate estimation of PMI. Entomotoxicology is the branch of forensic entomology that studies the use of scavenger insects in the detection and analysis of drugs and other substances in decomposing tissues, in addition to investigating their possible effects on the development of these arthropods. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of the chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide (CF) and methotrexate (MTX) on the post-embryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala. For this, in vitro experiments were performed with different concentrations of these drugs incorporated in minced beef, simulating the dosages injected in humans that undergo chemotherapy. Five treatments were done to feed the larvae in each experiment, with one as a negative control (distilled water). For CF, ½ initial intravenous dose - DIIv (25 mg/kg), 1 DIIv (50 mg/kg), 2 DIIv (100 mg/kg) and 4 DIIv (200 mg/kg) were used; and for MTX ½ Initial Intraperitoneal Dose - DIIp (5 mg/kg), 1 DIIp (10 mg/kg), 2 DIIp (20 mg/kg) and 4 DIIp (40 mg/kg) were used. All treatments were performed in triplicate and maintained at 25°C in a BOD chamber. At every 12 hours three larvae of each treatment were removed, sacrificed and the total length of each one was measured with the aid of a digital caliper until the abandonment of the diet for pupariation. A separate experiment without manipulation of the larvae was also performed to calculate the larval and total survival rates for each treatment, in addition to the sex ratio of the emerged flies. ANOVA and Tukey test were performed to compare the effect of drugs on the development of C. megacephala. The results clearly indicated that both drugs affected the development and survival of C. megacephala, but in a heterogeneous manner. In addition, there was a deviation in the expected sex ratio in MTX-exposed larvae, with significantly more females than males emerging. These negative interference factors should be considered in cases of suspected death of people using these drugs so that there is no underestimation of PMI.
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Stamper, Trevor I. „Improving the Accuracy of Postmortem Interval Estimations Using Carrion Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae)“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1227108162.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Ronald DeBry (Committee Chair); Theresa Culley (Committee Member); Gregory Dahlem (Committee Member); George Uetz (Committee Member); Anthony Perzigian (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 27, 2009). Keywords: Forensic entomology; sarcophagidae; calliphoridae; nocturnal oviposition. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Röser, Claudia. „Charakterisierung der Serotonin-Rezeptoren in den Speicheldrüsen von Calliphora vicina“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6148/.
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Die Fähigkeit, mit anderen Zellen zu kommunizieren, ist eine grundlegende Eigenschaft aller lebenden Zellen und essentiell für die normale Funktionsweise vielzelliger Organismen. Die Speicheldrüsen der Schmeißfliege Calliphora vicina bilden ein ausgezeichnetes physiologisches Modellsystem um zelluläre Signaltransduktionsprozesse an einem intakten Organ zu untersuchen. Die Speichelsekretion wird dabei hormonell durch das biogene Amin Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamin; 5-HT) reguliert. 5-HT aktiviert in den sekretorischen Zellen der Drüsen über die Bindung an mindestens zwei membranständige G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (GPCR) zwei separate Signalwege, den IP3/Ca2+- und den cAMP-Signalweg.
Zur Identifizierung und Charakterisierung der 5-HT-Rezeptoren in den Speicheldrüsen von Calliphora wurden unter Anwendung verschiedener Klonierungsstrategien zwei cDNAs (Cv5-ht2α und Cv5-ht7) isoliert, die große Ähnlichkeit zu 5-HT2- und 5-HT7-Rezeptoren aus Säugetieren aufweisen. Die Hydropathieprofile der abgeleiteten Aminosäuresequenzen postulieren die für GPCRs charakteristische heptahelikale Architektur. Alle Aminosäuremotive, die für die Ligandenbindung, die Rezeptoraktivierung und die Kopplung an G-Proteine essentiell sind, liegen konserviert vor. Interessanterweise wurde für den Cv5-HT7-Rezeptor eine zusätzliche hydrophobe Domäne im N Terminus vorhergesagt. Die Cv5-HT2α-mRNA liegt in zwei alternativ gespleißten Varianten vor.
Mittels RT-PCR-Experimenten konnte die Expression beider Rezeptoren in Gehirn und Speicheldrüsen adulter Fliegen nachgewiesen werden. Ein Antiserum gegen den Cv5-HT7 Rezeptor markiert in den Speicheldrüsen die basolaterale Plasmamembran.
Die Expression der Rezeptoren in einem heterologen System (HEK 293-Zellen) bestätigte diese als funktionelle 5-HT Rezeptoren. So führte die Stimulation mit Serotonin für den Cv5-HT2α zu einer dosis-abhängigen Erhöhung der intrazellulären Ca2+ Konzentration ([Ca2+]i, EC50 = 24 nM). In Cv5-HT7-exprimierenden Zellen löste 5-HT dosisabhängig (EC50 = 4,1 nM) einen Anstieg der intrazellulären cAMP Konzentration ([cAMP]i) aus. Für beide heterolog exprimierten Rezeptoren wurden pharmakologische Profile erstellt. Liganden, die eine Rezeptorsubtyp-spezifische Wirkung vermuten ließen, wurden daraufhin auf ihre Wirkung auf das transepitheliale Potential (TEP) intakter Speicheldrüsenpräparate getestet. Drei 5-HT-Rezeptoragonisten: AS 19, R-(+)-Lisurid und 5-Carboxamidotryptamin führten zu einer cAMP-abhängigen Positivierung des TEP durch eine selektive Aktivierung der 5 HT7-Rezeptoren. Eine selektive Aktivierung des Ca2+-Signalweges durch den Cv5-HT2 Rezeptor ist mit Hilfe von 5-Methoxytryptamin möglich. Dagegen konnte Clozapin im TEP als selektiver Cv5-HT7-Rezeptorantagonist bestätigt werden.
Die Kombination eines molekularen Ansatzes mit physiologischen Messungen ermöglichte somit die Identifikation selektiver Liganden für 5-HT2- bzw. 5-HT7-Rezeptoren aus Calliphora vicina. Dies ermöglicht zukünftig eine separate Aktivierung der 5-HT-gesteuerten Signalwege und erleichtert dadurch die weitere Erforschung der intrazellulären Signalwege und ihrer Wechselwirkungen.Cellular communication is a fundamental property of living cells and essential for normal functioning of multicellular organisms. The salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina are a well established physiological model system to study cellular signaling in an intact organ. Fluid secretion in this gland is hormonally regulated by the biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). In the secretory cells, 5-HT causes a parallel activation of the InsP3/Ca2+- and the cAMP-signaling pathways through binding and stimulation of at least two G protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In order to characterize the respective 5-HT receptors on the secretory cells, we have cloned two cDNAs (Cv5-ht2α, Cv5-ht7) that share high similarity with mammalian 5-HT2 and 5-HT7 receptor classes. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences postulates the typical heptahelical architecture of GPCRs for both receptors. Sequence motifs that are essential for ligand binding, receptor activation and coupling to G-proteins are well conserved. Interestingly, a computer-based structural analysis of Cv5-HT7 predicts an additional eighth hydrophobic region in the N-terminus of the receptor. We also found an alternative splice variant of the Cv5-HT2α mRNA. Using RT-PCR experiments, transcripts of both receptor mRNAs could be detected in brain and salivary gland tissue. An antiserum raised against the Cv5 HT7 receptor stained the basolateral region of the salivary glands. Heterologous receptor expression in HEK 293 cells leads to a dose-dependent increase in the intracellular Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) for Cv5-HT2α (EC50 = 24 nM) and cAMP-concentration for Cv5-HT7 (EC50 = 4,1 nM) upon application of 5-HT. A pharmacological profile was established for both receptors. Ligands that appeared to act as specific ligands of either Cv5-HT2α or Cv5-HT7 in this approach, were then tested for their effect on the transepithelial potential (TEP) of intact blowfly salivary gland preparations. Three 5-HT receptor agonists: AS 19, R-(+)-lisuride and 5-carboxamidotryptamine showed a cAMP dependent positivation of the TEP, caused by a selective activation of the Cv5-HT7 receptor. 5-methoxytryptamine exclusively activates the Ca2+ pathway via Cv5-HT2α. Clozapine antagonizes the effects of 5-HT in blowfly salivary glands and was confirmed as a Cv5-HT7 antagonist. The combination of a molecular approach with physiological measurements enabled us to identify selective ligands for 5-HT2 and 5-HT7 receptors of Calliphora vicina. These results facilitate a selective activation of the intracellular signaling pathways activated by 5-HT and will facilitate future research on different aspects of intracellular signaling and crosstalk mechanisms.
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Richardson, Joanna Sarah. „Regulation of the scute gene in the blowfly Calliphora vicina“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615295.
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Schewe, Bettina. „Räumliche und zeitliche Aspekte der intrazellulären pH-Regulation in Epithelien“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2687/.
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Die Speicheldrüsen der Schmeißfliege Calliphora vicina produzieren bei Stimulierung mit dem Neurohormon Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) einen KCl-reichen Primärspeichel. Der transepitheliale K+-Transport wird durch eine apikal lokalisierte vakuoläre H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) energetisiert. Stimulierung der Speicheldrüsen mit 5-HT aktiviert die apikale V-ATPase, die Protonen aus der Zelle in das Drüsenlumen transportiert. Trotz des auswärts gerichteten Protonentransportes führt die 5-HT-Stimulierung kurioserweise zu einer intrazellulären Ansäuerung. Die Ursachen dieser 5-HT-induzierten Ansäuerung waren unzureichend untersucht. Deshalb war das Ziel dieser Arbeit die Identifikation aller Transporter, die an der intrazellulären pH-(pHi)-Regulation in unstimulierten Speicheldrüsen von Calliphora vicina beteiligt sind und an der Entstehung und Regulation der 5-HT-induzierten pHi-Änderungen mitwirken. Von besonderem Interesse war hierbei die funktionelle Mitwirkung der V-ATPase, deren Beteiligung an der pHi-Regulation in tierischen Zellen bisher wenig untersucht war.
Wesentliche Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit waren:
• Messungen des pHi-Wertes in der unstimulierten Drüse zeigten, dass vor allem
die V-ATPase und mindestens ein Na+-abhängiger HCO3--Transporter an der Aufrechterhaltung des Ruhe-pHi beteiligt sind.
• Zur Wiederherstellung des Ruhe-pHi nach einer intrazellulären Ansäuerung
(NH4Cl-Vorpuls) tragen ebenfalls im Wesentlichen die V-ATPase und mindestens
ein Na+-abhängiger HCO3--Transporter bei. Der Na+/H+-Antiporter hat in der
unstimulierten Drüse keinen messbaren Einfluss auf den Ruhe-pHi.
• Die Wiederherstellung des Ruhe-pHi nach einer intrazellulären Alkalisierung
(Na-acetat-Vorpuls) ist Cl--abhängig, aber auch unter extremen Bedingungen
waren die Zellen noch in der Lage sich vollständig von einer intrazellullären
Alkalisierung zu erholen. Einen entscheidenden Anteil daran hat offenbar die hohe intrazelluläre Puerkapazität.
• Ein Na+-abhängiger Glutamat-Transporter ist per se kein pHi-regulierender
Transporter, seine Aktivität hat jedoch Einfluss auf den Ruhe-pHi in der
unstimulierten Speicheldrüse von Calliphora vicina.
• 10 nM 5-HT induzieren in den Calliphora Speicheldrüsen eine intrazelluläre
Ansäuerung. An dieser Ansäuerung ist der Na+/H+-Antiporter entscheidend
beteiligt. Auch eine klare Cl--Abhängigkeit der 5-HT-induzierten Ansäuerung konnte beobachtet werden. Wahrscheinlich ist eine gekoppelte Aktivität von Na+/H+-Antiporter und Cl-/HCO3--Antiporter.
• Messungen mit einem O2-empndlichen Fluoreszenzfarbstoff zeigten, dass Stimulierung der Speicheldrüsen mit 5-HT die Zellatmung aktivierte. Der cAMP- und der IP3/Ca2+-Weg tragen auf komplexe Weise zu der 5-HT-induzierten Aktivierung der Zellatmung und damit auch zu den 5-HT-induzierten pHi-Änderungen bei.
• Mit molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen ist es gelungen den Na+-abhängigen
Glutamat-Transporter, den Na+/H+-Antiporter, die Carboanhydrase und die
Untereinheit C der V-ATPase in den Calliphora Speicheldrüsen direkt
nachzuweisen. Zudem konnte erstmals der direkte Nachweis für die Expression
eines nH+/K+-Antiporters in den Speicheldrüsen von Calliphora vicina erbracht
werden.
Diese Arbeit trug ganz wesentlich zum Verständnis der pHi-Regulation in der
unstimulierten und stimulierten Speicheldrüse von Calliphora vicina bei. Mechanismen die zur Aufrechterhaltung und Wiederherstellung des Ruhe-pHi nach einer intrazellulären Ansäuerung bzw. Alkalisierung beitragen, konnten mit pHi-Messungen und auch molekularbiologisch nachgewiesen werden. Die Mechanismen, welche die 5-HT-induzierte intrazelluläre Ansäuerung verursachen, konnten ebenfalls aufgeklärt werden. Zudem wurde an den Calliphora Speicheldrüsen eine neue optische Methode zur Messung des O2-Verbrauchs in tierischen Geweben etabliert.The tubular salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina consist of a single layer of epithelial cells. Stimulation with the neurohormone serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT) induces the secretion of a KCl-rich primary saliva. Transepithelial K+-transport is energized by a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) which is located in the apical membrane. 5-HT stimulates the apical V-ATPase which transports protons out of the cells into the lumen of the glands. Despite this outward directed proton transport, 5-HT stimulation leads to an intracellular acidication. The causes of this intracellular acidication were poorly understood. Therefore the aim of this thesis was the identication of all pHi regulating transporters which are involved in pHi regulation in the unstimulated salivary glands of Calliphora vicina and which contribute to the 5-HT-induced pHi changes. Of special interest was the functional role of the V-ATPase,whose contribution to pHi regulation in animal cells is, as yet, not well studied. Key results were: • pHi measurements in unstimulated glands showed that mainly the V-ATPase and at least one Na+-dependent HCO3--transporter are involved in maintenance of resting pHi. • V-ATPase and at least one Na+-dependent HCO3--transporter are also necessary for the recovery from an intracellular acidication (NH4Cl prepulse). • Recovery from an intracellular alkali load (Na-acetate prepulse) is partially Cl--dependent. • A Na+ dependent gluatamate-transporter is present in Calliphora salivary glands and its activity aects the resting pHi. • 10 nM 5-HT induce an intracellular acidication. This acidication is Na+-dependent, EIPA-sensitive and also Cl--dependent. No DIDS-sensitivity was observed. A coupled activity of a Na+/H+-antiporter and a Cl-/HCO3- -antiporter was suggested. • Using O2-sensitive fluorescent microbeads I could show that 5-HT stimulation of the Calliphora salivary glands activates cellular respiration. The cAMP and Ca2+-signalling pathways contribute in a complex manner to the 5-HT-induced activation of cellular respiration and consequently, also to the 5-HT-induced intracellular acidication. • The expression of a Na+ dependent glutamate-transporter, a Na+/H+-antiporter, a carbonic anhydrase, subunit C of the V-ATPase and a nH+/K+-antiporter were determined on mRNA level by RT-PCR. This thesis contributes signicantly to the understanding of pHi regulation in unstimulated and stimulated salivary glands of Calliphora vicina. Mechanisms which contribute to the maintenance and recovery of resting pHi were identied by using pHi measurements and molecular biological techniques. Mechanisms which are responsible for the 5-HT-induced intracellular acidication were also clarified. Furthermore a new optical method for measuring O2 consumption in animals cells was established by using the Calliphora salivary glands as a model.
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Name, Khesller Patrícia Olázia. „Análise morfológica das espermátides e dos espermatozóides de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) nos tratos reprodutores“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2008. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1303.
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Os Diptera constituem uma das quatro maiores ordens de insetos. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), a mosca-das-latrinas do Oriente, pertence à família Calliphoridae e encontra-se associada a questões médico-veterinárias, sanitárias e forenses. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar os aspectos ultra-estruturais da espermiogênese e do espermatozóide na referida espécie, incluindo a anatomia dos testículos e dos órgãos de armazenamento de espermatozóides nas fêmeas – as espermatecas. Estes dados são particularmente importantes em análises taxonômicas e filogenéticas, uma vez que tais células apresentam estruturas altamente conservadas. Nesta espécie, assim como na maioria dos insetos, a espermiogênese é caracterizada pelos seguintes eventos: formação do acrossoma, alongamento nuclear com condensação da cromatina, formação do flagelo e perda do excesso de citoplasma. No final do processo de espermiogênese, o espermatozóide em C. megacephala apresenta-se longo e delgado, medindo aproximadamente 590μm de comprimento. O espermatozóide é formado por acrossoma, núcleo com cromatina densamente compactada, centríolo, adjunto do centríolo, dois derivados mitocondriais preenchidos por material paracristalino e um axonema contendo: dois microtúbulos centrais, nove duplas periféricas e nove microtúbulos acessórios intercalados por fibras densas. O sistema reprodutor interno de machos e fêmeas possui modificações morfológicas que podem ser constantes em todos os ciclórrafos. O testículo de C. megacephala consiste de um único folículo e a parede do órgão é formada por uma camada de células pigmentadas e uma camada de tecido muscular. A espermateca consiste, externamente, de uma camada de células secretoras e internamente, de uma camada de cutícula que circunda a cavidade do órgão. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Diptera constitutes one of the four largest orders of insects. The Oriental latrine-fly Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) belongs to the family Calliphoridae and is associated with medic, veterinary, sanitary and forensic issues. The aim of this research was to characterize the utrastructural aspects of the spermiogenesis and spermatozoa of the C. megacephala, including the anatomy of testis and female sperm storage organs – the spermatheca. This data is particularly important in taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, since in these cells their structure is highly conserved. In this species as with insects in general, the spermiogenesis is characterized by the following events: acrosome formation, nuclear elongation with chromatin condensation, flagellar formation and sheading of excess cytoplasm. At the end of spermiogenesis process, the spermatozoon in C. megacephala is a long and thin cell measuring 590 μm in length. The spermatozoon comprises acrosome, nucleus with compact dense chromatin, centriole, centriolar adjunct, two mitochondrial derivatives with paracrystalline material and axoneme with: two central microtubules, nine peripheral doublets, nine accessory microtubules and dense fibers. The internal reproductive system of the male and female has morphological modifications that may be constant in all Cyclorraphous. The testis of the C. megacephala consists of a unique follicle and the wall of the organ is formed by a layer of pigmented cells and a layer of muscular tissue. The spermatheca consists externally of a secretory cell layer, and internally of a cuticle layer witch surrounds the cavity of the organ.
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Parrott, Jonathan James. „A molecular study of contemporary and museum Calliphoridae of forensic importance“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-molecular-study-of-contemporary-and-museum-calliphoridae-of-forensic-importance(ab189b61-53a7-441e-b847-1b8d761288ca).html.
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Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are commonly the first colonisers of carrion. Forensic entomologists are able to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval by examining the eldest immature stage collected from the scene. For a minimum post-mortem interval estimation to be calculated, developmental data of the species is commonly subtracted from total developmental time. Information regarding events prior to death such as post-mortem relocation, mortuary behaviour and origin can also be determined from collected samples, in particular those from archaeological sites. The information, however, relies on accurate species identification. Currently, several methods are employed on insect samples. These involve both morphological and molecular techniques. With the constant development of molecular genetics, new methods are being developed which show potential for species identification. This thesis examines the use of such techniques on both contemporary and museum-stored insect samples. Deep sequencing technology, nested-PCR and light microscopy were used to examine the utility of a combined approach for the identification of insect samples collected from two sets of mummified remains. In both cases, species identification was successful, and origin was determined in one case. Results showed the importance of a multi-technique approach, with emphasis on utilising both morphological and molecular techniques to assign identity. Multi-gene analysis was used to examine the utility of several genes from both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to assign species status of the South African blowfly Calliphora croceipalpis (Diptera: Calliphroidae). Using the Cytochrome Oxidase I gene, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 and the Carbamoylphosphate Synthetase gene, species identity was determined. It was found that identification of C. croceipalpis must be under taken with care due to possible morphological similarities due to founder effects with Calliphora vicina and it is recommended to use a multi-gene approach for identification of calliphorids. Inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction was investigated for its applicability as a rapid identification tool for forensically important calliphorids. Examining 26 calliphorid species and several populations within many of the species collected globally, the existence of species-specific bands was examined. Results showed that large amounts of interspecific and intraspecific variation were seen, with no species-specific bands detected. It is recommended that inter-simple sequence repeat not to be used as a rapid tool for calliphorid identification, but it may have a use as a population-based tool. The analysis of molecular techniques showed that with new recent techniques, such as next generation sequencing, the information that is gained from museum-stored samples, could aid in historical findings. Significant information such as geographic origin and historical events has been determined from molecular work. The use of a multi-gene approach is recommended when analysing closely related species, due to recent divergence. Analysing both nuclear and mitochondrial genes increase the accuracy of species identification. The use of a rapid molecular technique for identifying entomological samples would be a fundamental and valuable tool. Although cytochrome oxidase I amplification and sequencing are relatively time-consuming, they are more reliable indicator of species than inter simple sequence repeat analysis. It can therefore be concluded from this study that the application of molecular techniques for the identification of both contemporary and museum samples can provide a wealth of information to help both forensic and archaeological case studies.
30
Rosa, Gisele Souza [UNESP]. „Predação larval, demografia e estrutura etária em Chrysomya albiceps (Díptera: Calliphoridae)“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106517.
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Este estudo foi caracterizado pela combinação entre experimentação laboratorial e aplicação da teoria populacional. O trabalho foi subdividido em três partes intituladas: Análise de sobrevivência, estrutura de estágios e canibalismo em populações experimentais de Chrysomya albiceps; Curvas de sobrevivência e predação larval entre estágios de vida de Chrysomya albiceps e Modelo de interação intraguilda para predação larval: uma proposição teórica inicial para moscas-varejeiras. Os resultados foram estatisticamente avaliados principalmente com a aplicação de análise de sobrevivência e modelos matemáticos de estrutura de estágios de vida, crescimento populacional dependente da densidade e com formulações fundamentadas em modelos predador-presa. As análises exploraram principalmente a caracterização de padrões estatísticos e matemáticos sob a perspectiva da dinâmica populacional intra e interespecífica. O resultados foram discutidos à luz das teorias populacionais empregadas, dos dados empíricos obtidos e do conteúdo teórico-empírico existente dentro e fora do grupo taxonômico estudado.
One important attribute for individuals of a species is the existence of age classes and life stages. Within each age class, the individuals of a species behave differently, have different types of dependence on the environment and different resource needs. Population dynamics has more frequently been studied in insects with simple mathematical models, which include no stage structure. They provide essential information in terms of temporal and/or spatial dynamics. However, there are several examples of insect species, which exhibit important interactive processes in specific life-stages. The objective of the present study was investigate the population dynamics of C. albiceps employing a combination of mathematical models, survival analysis and laboratory experiments, focusing on survival among life stages and its structure. The study also considered the influence of density-dependence and cannibalism during immature stages on the population dynamics of C. albiceps. The implications of the patterns of dynamic behavior obtained as well as the influences received from cannibalism and density dependence were discussed.
31
Messias, Junior Nazario de Souza. „Aspectos ultra-estruturais da espermiogenese de chrysomya megacephala FAB (diptera : calliphoridae)“. [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317846.
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Orientador : Mary Anne Heidi DolderDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos ultra-estruturais da espermiogenese de Chrysomya megacephaça. Para isto empregou-se técnicas usuais de preparo e estudo de material biológico para a microscopia eletrônica. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os eventos da espermiogenese em C. megacephala são semelhantes aos descritos para outras espécies de dípteros. As espermatides passam por um processo de alongamento e perda do material nuclear e citoplasmático. Os núcleos passam ainda por uma crescente compactação cromátinica, revelada por mudanças ultra-estruturais que culminam em núcleos com a cromatina fortemente compactada nos espermatozóides. Um pequeno acrossomo de estruturas simples e aposto ao núcleo da espermátide é organizada pelo complexo de Golgi justa-nuclear. Na fomação do flagelo, observa-se que as mitocôndrias da espermatide fundem-se e originam o complexo mitocondrial que, por sua vez, divide-se em dois derivados mitocondriais. Estas estruturas associam-se lateralmente ao axonema, que é organizado a partir de um centríolo único implantado em uma depressão do envelope nuclear. O axonema na célula madura possui uma estrutura no padrão 9+9+2. Embora caracteristicamente as espermátides desenvolvam-se sincronicamente no interior dos cistos, foram observados aspectos de desenvolvimento não sincrônico das espermátides e espermatozóides aberrantes. Sugere-se que alguns fatores estressantes possam ser responsáveis pela ocorrência destas anomalias
Abstract: The objective of this research was to characterize the ultrastructural aspects of the spermiogenesis of the diptera Chrysomya megacephala. The normal techniques for electronic miscroscopy were employed. The results showed that the sequence of events which occurs during spermiogenesis in C. megacephala was similar to that describe for other dipterans. The spermatids undergo a process of lengthening and loss of both cytoplasmic a nuclear material. In addition, the nucleo complex ultrastructural changes, which culminate in highly compacted chromatin in the spermatozoids. A small acrossome of simple structure is organized by the Golgi complex alongside the nucleus of the spermatid. In the formation of the flagellum, it was observed that the mitocrhondia of the spermatids undergo a process of fusion forming the mitochondrial complex, which in the turn divides into two mitochondrial derivatives. These structures connect themselves laterally to the axoneme, which is organized starting from a single centriole implanted in a depression of the nuclear envelop. In the mature cell, the axoneme has a structure with a 9+9+2 pattern. Characteristically the spermatids develop within the cysts in a synchronous manner. However, in some cysts the spermatid development ahowed non-synchronous aspects. The presenced of some aberrant spermatids and spermatozoids was also observed. It is suggested that some stress factors my have influenced the appearance of these anomalies
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
32
Avancini, Rita Maria Pereira 1956. „Desenvolvimento nuclear de celulas troficas ovarianas de Chrysomys putoria (Diptera, Calliphoridae)“. [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317107.
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Orientador : Maria Luiza Silveira MelloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Os núcleos das células tróficas proximais de ovário de Chrysomya putoria, nas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento ovariano, foram examinados em preparações submetidas à reação de Feulgen. Tinha-se como objetivo conhecer as alterações cromatínicas/cromossômicas durante o desenvolvimento das células relacionadas ao processo de formação dos ovos. A alteração mais marcante encontrada foi a organização do material cromatínico sob a forma de cromossomos politênicos típicos. Nessa fase são vistas 6 unidades cromossômicas, nas quais, em determinado momento do seu processo de compactação, pode ser visualizado o padrão de bandas e interbandas característico de politênicos de dípteros. Após essa fase, os cromossomos tornam-se mais e mais encurtados, até que, quando todos apresentam praticamente o mesmo comprimento, os filamentos começam a se separar, originando numerosas unidades, de tamanhos diferentes entre elas que, espalham-se por todo o espaço nuclear. A partir daí, até o final do desenvolvimento, o núcleo tem aparência interfásica, apresentando um ponto heterocromático fortemente corado. A porção eucromática do cromossomo X sofre descompactação precoce, em relação aos autossomos e à sua própria porção heterocromática. Se a fêmea adulta estiver sob uma dieta de açúcar e água, os cromossomos politênicos podem permanecer como tal por um período muito mais longo do que quando sob dieta padrão. Através de microespectrofotometria mostrou-se que os núcleos tornam-se altamente endopoliplóides durante a ovogênese, atingindo o valor máximo de 2048 C, resultado de 10 ciclos de duplicação do DNA. Valores menores, a cada fase, foram obtidos nos núcleos distais, mostrando que há assincronia nos ciclos endorreplicativos das diferentes células tróficas do folículo. O volume ocupado pela cromatina corada aumenta cerca de 12 a 15 vezes durante o desenvolvimento. Os valores Feulgen-DNA bem como a área ocupada pelo corpo heterocromático não acompanham, proporcionalmente, o crescimento do restante da cromatina. As células epitelias do folículo mostraram tornarem-se também endopoliplóides, passando por até 4 ciclos de replicação, após o início da vitelogenese
Abstract: The nuclei of proximal nurse cells of the ovary of Chrysomya putoria in the different stages of ovarian development were examined in preparations submitted to the Feulgen reaction. The objective was to follow the chromatin/chromosomal alterations occurring during the development of those cells involved in the process of egg formation. The most marked alteration encountered was the organizatian of the chromatin in the form of typical polytene chromosomes. In this stage 6 chromosomes could be seen, in which, at a specific point in their process of compactation, the pattern of bands and interbands characteristic of dipteran polytene chromosomes, could be seen. After this stage the chromosomes became increasingly shorter until, when all were practically the same length, their constituent filaments began to separate and scatter throughout the nuclear space. From this point on, up to the end of development, the nucleus exhibited an interphasic appearance, presenting one strongly staining heterochromatic body. The euchromatic region of the X chromosome underwent premature decompactation as compared to the autosomes and to its own heterochromatic segment. If the adult female were maintained on a sugar and water diet, the polytene chromosomes would remain as such for a much longer period than when maintained on a standard diet. Microspectrophotometry showed that the nuclei became highly endopolyploidy during oogenesis, attaining a maximum value of 2048 C, resulting from 10 cycles of DNA duplication. At each stage, lower values were found in the distal nuclei, showing the existence of asynchrony in the endoreplicative cycles of the different nurse cells of the follicle. The volume occupied by the stained chromatin increased 12 or 15 times during development. Neither this Feulgen-DNA values nor the area occupied by the heterochromatic body proportionally followed the growth of the rest of the chromatin. The epithelial cells of the follicle also showed endopolyploidization, passing through up to 4 cycles of replication after the start of vitellogenesis
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências
33
Ribeiro, Odair Benedito 1952. „Dinamica de equilibrio em populações experimentais de Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315857.
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Orientador : Sergio Furtado dos ReisTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Cochliomyz"a macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) é um componente im portante da entomofauna necrófila da América do Sul. Esta espécie tem importância médico-veterinária por seus hábitos hemissinantrópicos, podendo veicular enteropatógenos, além de determinar miíase secundária nos animais e no homem. Cochliomyia macellarz"a era aparentemente abundante entre os dípteros califorídeos, embora esta espécie tenha diminuído notadamente em freqüência na última década, fenômeno este associado à introdução de moscas varejeiras do gênero Chrysomya, originariamente ocorrendo no Velho Mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dinâmica de populações expe rimentais de Co. macellaria aplicando o formalismo teórico desenvolvido por Prout & McChesney (1985), que modela o crescimento populacional depen dente da densidade. Este modelo incorpora dois componentes importantes de aptidão, fertilidade e sobrevivência, na dedução da dinâmica populacional. Foram estabelecidas 30 densidades, variando de 100 a 3000 ovos para uma quantidade fixa de meio artificial (1O0g). Larvas e adultos foram mantidos em sala com fotoperíodo de 12 horas, temperatura de 25° C e umidade relativa de 60%. A dependência da fertilidade e sobrevivência sobre o número de ovos foi descrita por regressões linear, exponencial e hiperbólica. Os parâmetros obtidos por estas regressões foram incorporados à equação de diferenças finitas nt+l = !F(ndS(ndnt. Os resultados obtidos por esta equação para Comacellarz"a foram comparados aos de Chrysomya megacephala e C. putorz"a, bem como discutidas as implicações da dinâmica populacional de espécies de califorídeos nativas e introduzidas
Abstract: Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an important component species in the community of necrophagous diptera. This blowfly is known to produce myiasis in humans and other animaIs, and has also been shown to be a mechanical carrier of enteropathogens. Cochliomyia macellaria is thought to have been a common species among calliphorid flies, although its numbers have sharply decreased in the last decade, apparently due to the introduction of other blowfly species of the genus Chrysomya, previously restricted in distribution to the Old World. The objective of this study was to analyse the dynamics of experimental populations of Co. macellaria with a model developed by Prout & McChesney (1985), which describes densitydependent population growth. This model incorporates two important com ponents of fitness, fertility and survival, in a finite difference equation that al lows the deduction of the population dynamics. Thirty egg densities, varying from 100 to 3000 eggs, were established on a fixed amount of food (1O0g). Larvae and adults were kept in constant photoperiod (12L:12D), temperature of 25 DC, and relative humidity of 60%. Linear, exponencial, and hyperbolic regressions were fitted to describe the dependence of fertility and survival on egg density. The parameters obtained from the regressions were incorporated into the equation nt+1 = !F(ndS(nt)nt. The results obtained with the application with this equation for Co. macellaria were compared to those for Chrysomya megacephala and C. putoria. The implications of these findings for the dynamics of native and introduced blowflies are discussed.
Doutorado
Parasitologia
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
34
Rosa, Gisele Souza. „Predação larval, demografia e estrutura etária em Chrysomya albiceps (Díptera: Calliphoridae) /“. Botucatu, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106517.
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Orientador: Wesley Conde GodoyBanca: Marcelo Nogueira Rossi
Banca: Hiraldo Serra
Banca: Lucas Del Bianco Faria
Banca: Claudio José Von Zuben
Resumo: Este estudo foi caracterizado pela combinação entre experimentação laboratorial e aplicação da teoria populacional. O trabalho foi subdividido em três partes intituladas: Análise de sobrevivência, estrutura de estágios e canibalismo em populações experimentais de Chrysomya albiceps; Curvas de sobrevivência e predação larval entre estágios de vida de Chrysomya albiceps e Modelo de interação intraguilda para predação larval: uma proposição teórica inicial para moscas-varejeiras. Os resultados foram estatisticamente avaliados principalmente com a aplicação de análise de sobrevivência e modelos matemáticos de estrutura de estágios de vida, crescimento populacional dependente da densidade e com formulações fundamentadas em modelos predador-presa. As análises exploraram principalmente a caracterização de padrões estatísticos e matemáticos sob a perspectiva da dinâmica populacional intra e interespecífica. O resultados foram discutidos à luz das teorias populacionais empregadas, dos dados empíricos obtidos e do conteúdo teórico-empírico existente dentro e fora do grupo taxonômico estudado.
Abstract: One important attribute for individuals of a species is the existence of age classes and life stages. Within each age class, the individuals of a species behave differently, have different types of dependence on the environment and different resource needs. Population dynamics has more frequently been studied in insects with simple mathematical models, which include no stage structure. They provide essential information in terms of temporal and/or spatial dynamics. However, there are several examples of insect species, which exhibit important interactive processes in specific life-stages. The objective of the present study was investigate the population dynamics of C. albiceps employing a combination of mathematical models, survival analysis and laboratory experiments, focusing on survival among life stages and its structure. The study also considered the influence of density-dependence and cannibalism during immature stages on the population dynamics of C. albiceps. The implications of the patterns of dynamic behavior obtained as well as the influences received from cannibalism and density dependence were discussed.
Doutor
35
Lewis, Sarah E. „The Genomics of Development Rate Variation in Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera| Calliphoridae)“. Thesis, Purdue University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841813.
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Development rate is a quantitative trait that displays significant variation within many species, including Cochliomyia macellaria Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Calliphorids are a family of dipterans known as blow flies and are commonly used in forensic entomology to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMIMIN), given some assumptions are made. In order to dissect the genetic underpinnings of development rate variation in this species, artificial selection for fast and slow development with population-based resequencing was used. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize genomic regions that are correlated to development rate variation in blow flies. The first approach used known regulatory development genes from Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and isolated variants that were associated with development time changes in artificially selected fast and slow development C. macellaria strains. Three variants located in Ras and Eip74EF were associated with fast or slow development in selection strains with a significant change in allele frequency. The second approach involved the comparison of pooled artificially selected fast and slow C. macellaria genomes to investigate the genetic basis of development rate variation. When comparing the fast and slow genomes, 699 sequences were identified that contained 7290 variants with consistent changes in allele frequency. The variants indicated that the genomic regions that are associated with development rate were associated with developmental processes, including regulation of RNA polymerase II activity, and transporter activity, such as protein dimerization. Of the 699 sequences, 69 sequences were related to Achaete-scute complex and 14 were related to Cyp12A7. The identification of the genomic regions that associated with development rates from this study provides an important resource for future studies in identifying potential genetic markers to increase the effectiveness of PMIMIN estimates. By using significantly associated variants as a priori candidates for future studies, the data increases the understanding of natural development variation in blow flies.
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Hitchen, Yvette. „Development of a multiplex Sequence Specific Primer (SSP)-PCR system to identify forensically relevant calliphoride“. University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0032.
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From the entomological evidence occurring on and around a corpse it is possible to determine an estimated post-mortem interval (PMI). The critical step in this examination is the accurate identification of specimens collected ensuring the application of appropriate species-specific developmental data. Current molecular techniques in the identification of forensically important Calliphoridae species from the Australian region have been explored and found to be a highly significant and valuable area of research. The cytochrome oxidase genes in the mitochondrial genome have been shown to have sufficient sequence diversity to distinguish forensically relevant Calliphoridae species. In order to target the observed sequence diversity within relevant regions of the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes, sequence specific primer (SSP) pairs are used to target polymorphisms, resulting in the amplification of specific species. This technique has proven to be both a rapid and successful identification tool in the analysis of insect taxa, especially Culicidae. SSP typing is particularly useful, as it requires no subsequent sequencing or restriction with enzymes, both of which require additional time and reagents. The aim of this research was to develop a multiplex SSP reaction for the identification of forensically important Calliphoridae species. Seven SSP pairs preliminarily designed by Harvey (2006) were utilised in the identification of Calliphora dubia, Calliphora albifrontalis, Chrysomya rufifacies, Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia sericata. Once optimised the SSP pairs were developed into two multiplex PCR reactions. This thesis presents the experiments performed, analysis conducted and results obtained through the development of the multiplex SSP-PCR system. Initial testing of the seven preliminarily designed SSP pairs conveyed non-concordance between expected and observed results. Additional species were continually amplified, even after extensive optimisation attempts, including alternations to annealing temperature, MgCl2 and primer concentration. Of the 7 SSP pairs, 6 were re-designed to improve specificity, whilst one was removed from further testing and replaced with 2 newly designed primer pairs. 15 Continual testing of 8 SSP pairs was conducted, but only 6 could be successfully optimised. Optimisation was limited to alterations to annealing temperature, to allow for potential multiplexing. To confirm the regions and species amplified, sequencing of the PCR products was performed. Though only partial sequences were obtained for most samples the alignment shows the expected region amplified with specific species variations. Using the remaining 6 SSP pairs all species tested were identifiable, allowing for multiplexing potential to be tested. Multiplex PCR is a cost effective and efficient technique that is becoming increasing popular within a wide range of scientific disciplines. To date there has been no recorded use of this technique in relation to either forensic entomology or the analysis of forensically important Calliphoridae species. The 6 SSP pairs were manipulated to produce one successful multiplex PCR system using 3 SSP pairs to identify L. sericata, Ch. rufifacies and Ch. megacephala, and one unsuccessful multiplex PCR that amplified a single SSP pair for the identification of C. dubia and Ch. rufifacies. When both reactions are utilised, it is possible to identify all 5 forensically important Calliphoridae species tested.
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Sadler, David William. „Forensic entomotoxicology: The use of Calliphora vicina larvae as toxicological specimens“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493394.
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Parsons, Matthew Michael. „Multisensory integration of self-motion information in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611214.
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Fisher, Paul. „Responses of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Miegen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to semiochemical baits“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247201.
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Pitts, Kieren Mark. „Mortality affecting populations of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364904.
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Lunt, Nicola. „Applied studies of some Southern African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006202.
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Three major aspects of blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) research were the focus of this study. Firstly, the phylogenetic relationships of 40 oestroid species from a variety of geographical localities were investigated using Cytochrome Oxidase b subunit I (COl) gene sequences. Maximum parsimony (MP) and Jukes-Cantor neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses both extracted a paraphyletic Calliphoridae, with the Calliphorinae-Luciliinae clade being sister to the Sarcophagidae. Short branch lengths within Chrysomya indicate a recent rapid radiation of this genus. Phormia and Protophormia either formed a sister clade to Chrysomya, or were embedded in this genus. Tree topologies were comparable between MP and NJ trees, but the positions of some genera were ambiguous. Secondly, developmental parameters and behaviour were investigated for four southern African species of forensically important blowflies viz. Chrysomya chloropyga, C. putoria, C. megacephala and Lucilia sericata, and ad hoc observations were made for Calliphora croceipalpis, Chrysomya marginalis and the predatory C. albiceps. Choice of oviposition substrate differed between species, mirroring substrate preferences in the field. Sexual dimorphism and dwarfism within a cohort complicated ageing maggots using size, but the use of developmental events (e.g. ecdysis) allowed ages to be determined unambiguously. Separate species status was supported for the previously synonymised C. chloropyga and C. putoria, by differences in maggot behaviour, larval growth rates and temperature optima. The proportion of total development time assigned to each larval instar and pupariation was variable among temperatures, but similar between congeneric species. Thirdly, since a negative linear relationship was found to occur between the developmental constant (K) and developmental zero (D₀) for both Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, the potential for predicting physiological parameters of unstudied taxa was investigated. Species and genera of Palaearctic origin generally had high K's and low D₀'s, and the reverse was true for the tropical taxa. It was found that both K and D₀ can be estimated for "unknown" taxa using the Felsenstein's Independent Contrasts (FIC) method of PDTree (Garland et al. 200 I), provided that branch lengths are relatively short and the phylogenetic position of the estimated taxon is unambiguous.
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Mullarkey, K. „Gene expression in the salivary gland of the blowfly, (Calliphora vomitoria), larva“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382866.
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Armbruster, Lysiane. „Hémocytes et métamorphose aspects structuraux et moléculaires chez Calliphora erythrocephala, Insecte, diptère“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375955359.
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Gomes, Guilherme [UNESP]. „Aspectos fisiológicos de Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): metabolismo energético, termorregulação e neurofisiologia“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106550.
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Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) foi introduzida no Brasil há algumas décadas atrás, e é uma espécie de mosca-varejeira de considerável importância médico-sanitária por ser veiculadora de enteropatógenos, poder causar miíases secundárias, e também ter grande importância em estudos forenses por auxiliar na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em cadáveres, além de ter importância agrícola, como polinizadora. Desta forma, diversos trabalhos utilizam esta espécie como modelo de estudo, avaliando suas características biológicas e processos ecológicos envolvidos. Porém, poucos estudos analisaram processos fisiológicos nas diferentes fases da vida deste inseto. O estudo desses processos é fundamental para auxiliar na compreensão da biologia e comportamento da espécie, o que facilitaria a elaboração de desenhos experimentais em trabalhos envolvendo C. megacephala, além de fornecer embasamento para a proposição de métodos de controle para esta espécie. Por este motivo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos de alguns processos fisiológicos de C. megacephala, sob a influência de diferentes tratamentos nas diferentes fases de seu ciclo de vida, focando em três áreas de estudo da fisiologia: metabolismo energético, termorregulação e neurofisiologia sensorial. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que existe uma grande alteração no metabolismo ao longo dos diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida de C. megacephala, sendo que o estágio larval apresenta o maior consumo de O2, que é refletido na grande quantidade de calor dissipado durante este estágio. O ciclo de atividade dos adultos de C. megacephala é influenciado pelo fotoperíodo e temperatura do ambiente, sendo que esta espécie utiliza comportamentos de termorregulação quando ocorre aumento da temperatura ambiental ou alterações...
Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was introduced into Brazil a few decades ago, and has medical, criminal and also agricultural importance, because this species presents a secondary role in pollination, however, it is of great importance for public health, as a vehicle for pathogens, or as causative agent of secondary myiasis, and for forensic studies by helping to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) of corpses. Thus, this species is used as a model in several studies, which aim to observe biological and ecological aspects of its life cycle. However, few studies have addressed physiological processes in different life stages of this insect. Studies of such processes are essential to understand biological and behavioral aspects of species, which, in this case, could contribute to provide bases for proposing efficient methods of control for this species. In this context, the objective of this research was to study the metabolism, thermoregulation and neural-physiology of C. megacephala, under the influence of different treatments at different stages of its life cycle. The results of this study showed that there was a major change in metabolism during different stages of the life cycle of C. megacephala, and the consumption of O2 was higher during the larval stage, which was reflected by the large amount of heat dissipated during this stage. The activity cycle of adults of C. megacephala is influenced by photoperiod and environment temperature: according to an increase of the ambient temperature or the presence and absence of light, the individuals exhibited thermoregulatory behaviors to adjust their body temperature with the environmental stimuli. The presence and the type of drugs used at the different stages of the life cycle of C. megacephala also affected the physiological response of this species: (a) increased (Citalopram treatment)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silva, Norma Machado da. „Investigação da resistencia a inseticidas na mosca-da-bicheira Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera; Calliphoridae)“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316441.
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Orientador: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-EspinTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Cochliomyia hominivorax é considerada uma importante praga por causar perdas econômicas para a pecuária na região Neotropical. Este ectoparasita tem sido controlado principalmente por inseticidas, entretanto, este método normalmente resulta na seleção de indivíduos resistentes. Nesta tese foram investigados mecanismos associados com resistência a inseticidas organofosforados e piretróides. Os resultados apresentados nesta tese estão divididos em dois artigos. No artigo 1 foram investigados dois mecanismos de resistência a piretróides, um conhecido como kdr (knockdown resistance), associado à mutações no canal de sódio, e a mutação W251S no gene da carboxilesterase E3, a qual têm sido associada à hidrólise de piretróides. Foram investigadas populações da atual distribuição geográfica de C. hominivorax através de PCR-RFLP. Para a mutação kdr (L1014F) nenhum indivíduo mutante foi encontrado. Entretanto, a mutação W251S foi encontrada em todas as populações, com as mais altas freqüências nas amostras da Venezuela (100%) e Colômbia (93.75%). Em algumas populações amostradas, apesar da freqüência do alelo mutante ter sido relativamente baixa, o número de indivíduos portadores de pelo menos um alelo mutante foi alto. No bioensaio com cipermetrina (piretróide tipo II), utilizando amostras de Estiva (MG), os resultados analisados através do teste exato de Fisher indicaram que para a mais baixa concentração (p=0.0003) e para uma concentração intermediária (p= 0.024), a presença da mutação W251S está correlacionada com as chances de sobrevivência. Entretanto, na mais alta concentração (p= 0.221) a presença desta mutação não foi correlacionada com a sobrevivência, o que possivelmente indica dificuldade em hidrolisar este tipo de piretróide em concentrações maiores. No Artigo 2, as mutações G137D no gene da carboxilesterase E3, e as mutações I298V, G401A e F466Y no gene da acetilcolinesterase, associadas com resistência a organofosforados, foram investigadas nas mesmas populações do artigo 1, através de PCR-RFLP e sequenciamento direto de PCR. A região codificante completa da acetilcolinesterase também foi caracterizada e proposto um modelo para a estrutura tridimensional desta proteína com base na estrutura da acetilcolinesterase de Drosophila melanogaster. Possíveis alterações na proteína causadas pelas mutações associadas com resistência a organofosforados foram discutidas. No gene da acetilcolinesterase somente 2 de 135 indivíduos analisados apresentaram uma das mutações investigadas, a F466Y, o que pode estar associado ao alto custo no valor adaptativo do indivíduo, causado por algumas mutações neste gene ou inexistência dos demais alelos mutantes nestas populações. Entretanto, para a mutação G137D no gene da E3 foi encontrado um alto número de indivíduos portadores de pelo menos um alelo mutante na maioria das populações brasileiras e no Uruguai. Em Cuba, Venezuela e Colômbia nenhum indivíduo mutante para G137D foi encontrado, o que pode estar relacionado com os inseticidas usados no controle de C. hominivorax nestas regiões ou com a inexistência do alelo mutante nestas localidades. Os resultados de ambos os trabalhos indicam que mutações no gene da carboxilesterase E3 são um dos principais mecanismos de resistência selecionados nesta espécie, dentre os investigados até o momento. Este estudo representa um importante avanço no entendimento da base molecular da resistência a inseticidas em um importante ectoparasita.
Abstract: Cochliomyia hominivorax is an important ectoparasite, causing considerable economic losses to livestock sector in Neotropical region. This ectoparasite has been controlled mainly by applying insecticides, however, this method usually results in the selection of resistant individuals. In this thesis, mechanisms associated with organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticide resistance were investigated. The results presented in this thesis are divided in two articles. In the Article 1 two mechanisms associated with pyrethroid resistance were investigated, the kdr (knockdown resistance), a generic term for mutations in the sodium channel, and a mutation in the residue 251 of the carboxylesterase E3 gene, which have been associated with pyrethroid hydrolysis. Populations of actual geographical distribution of C. hominivorax were investigated through PCR-RFLP. For the kdr mutation, no mutant individuals were found. However, the W251S mutation was found in all populations investigated, with the highest frequencies in the samples from Colombia (100%) and Venezuela (93.75%). In some populations, despite relatively low mutant allele frequency, the number of individuals having at least one mutant allele was high. A bioassay with cypermethrin (pirethroid type II) was also performed, using samples from Estiva (MG). The results of the Fisher's exact test for the lowest concentration (p=0.0003, a= 0.05) and for an intermediate concentration (p= 0.024, a= 0.05) indicated that the presence of W251S mutation are correlated with the survival. However, at the highest concentration, Fisher's exact test (p= 0.221, a= 0.05) indicated that the presence of this mutation was not correlated with survival. These results indicate that the W251S mutation in C. hominivorax probably presents difficulties in hydrolyzing of this kind of pyrethroid, in high concentrations. In the Article 2, the G137D mutation, in the carboxylesterase E3 gene, and the I298V, G401A and F466Y mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene, associated with organophosphate resistance, were investigated. The same populations of article 1 were analyzed using PCR-RFLP and PCR direct sequencing. The complete coding region of acetylcholineserase also was characterized and a putative model for the three-dimensional structure of this protein was proposed, based on solved structure of Drosophila melanogaster. Possible alterations in the protein, caused by mutations associated with organophosphate resistance, were discussed. For the acetylcholinesterase gene, only 2 of 135 individuals analyzed presented one of the mutations investigated, the F466Y. This fact may be related with the fitness cost of some mutations in this gene, or the inexistence of mutant alleles in these populations. For the G137D mutation, a high number of individuals having at least one mutant allele were found in most of the Brazilian populations and in Uruguay. In Cuba, Venezuela and Colombia no G137D mutant was found, a finding that may be related to the insecticides used for C. hominivorax control in these regions. The results of these two works indicate that mutations in the carboxylesterase E3 gene are one of the main insecticide resistance mechanisms selected in this species, so far investigated. This study represents a significant advance in the understanding of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in an important livestock ectoparasite.
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Gomes, Guilherme. „Aspectos fisiológicos de Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) : metabolismo energético, termorregulação e neurofisiologia /“. Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106550.
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Banca: Augusto Shinya Abe
Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Banca: Cleo Alcantara Costa Leite
Resumo: Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) foi introduzida no Brasil há algumas décadas atrás, e é uma espécie de mosca-varejeira de considerável importância médico-sanitária por ser veiculadora de enteropatógenos, poder causar miíases secundárias, e também ter grande importância em estudos forenses por auxiliar na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em cadáveres, além de ter importância agrícola, como polinizadora. Desta forma, diversos trabalhos utilizam esta espécie como modelo de estudo, avaliando suas características biológicas e processos ecológicos envolvidos. Porém, poucos estudos analisaram processos fisiológicos nas diferentes fases da vida deste inseto. O estudo desses processos é fundamental para auxiliar na compreensão da biologia e comportamento da espécie, o que facilitaria a elaboração de desenhos experimentais em trabalhos envolvendo C. megacephala, além de fornecer embasamento para a proposição de métodos de controle para esta espécie. Por este motivo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos de alguns processos fisiológicos de C. megacephala, sob a influência de diferentes tratamentos nas diferentes fases de seu ciclo de vida, focando em três áreas de estudo da fisiologia: metabolismo energético, termorregulação e neurofisiologia sensorial. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que existe uma grande alteração no metabolismo ao longo dos diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida de C. megacephala, sendo que o estágio larval apresenta o maior consumo de O2, que é refletido na grande quantidade de calor dissipado durante este estágio. O ciclo de atividade dos adultos de C. megacephala é influenciado pelo fotoperíodo e temperatura do ambiente, sendo que esta espécie utiliza comportamentos de termorregulação quando ocorre aumento da temperatura ambiental ou alterações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was introduced into Brazil a few decades ago, and has medical, criminal and also agricultural importance, because this species presents a secondary role in pollination, however, it is of great importance for public health, as a vehicle for pathogens, or as causative agent of secondary myiasis, and for forensic studies by helping to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) of corpses. Thus, this species is used as a model in several studies, which aim to observe biological and ecological aspects of its life cycle. However, few studies have addressed physiological processes in different life stages of this insect. Studies of such processes are essential to understand biological and behavioral aspects of species, which, in this case, could contribute to provide bases for proposing efficient methods of control for this species. In this context, the objective of this research was to study the metabolism, thermoregulation and neural-physiology of C. megacephala, under the influence of different treatments at different stages of its life cycle. The results of this study showed that there was a major change in metabolism during different stages of the life cycle of C. megacephala, and the consumption of O2 was higher during the larval stage, which was reflected by the large amount of heat dissipated during this stage. The activity cycle of adults of C. megacephala is influenced by photoperiod and environment temperature: according to an increase of the ambient temperature or the presence and absence of light, the individuals exhibited thermoregulatory behaviors to adjust their body temperature with the environmental stimuli. The presence and the type of drugs used at the different stages of the life cycle of C. megacephala also affected the physiological response of this species: (a) increased (Citalopram treatment)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Yusseff, Sohath Zamira. „Distribution, Dna Barcoding And Phylogenetics Of Caribbean Calliphoridae Flies: Tools For Forensic Studies“. ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/847.
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Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are among the most dominant and conspicuous insects in the decomposition process. They are important in forensic entomology to determine time of death and, in certain situations, cause of death or relocation of a body. Insects are now included as standard operating procedures in crime scene investigations in many countries, however, this is not standard procedure in the Caribbean area due to lack of knowledge of insects involved in cadaveric decomposition. Successful application of forensic entomology depends on solid underlying data. Our main goal is to advance the knowledge of Calliphoridae in the Caribbean to enable forensic entomology studies. We performed a mega-transect across the Caribbean and extensively collected flies attracted to rotten meat baits during five years from 2011 to 2015. Overall we collected 61,332 flies of which 34,650 were Calliphoridae. We sampled 16 of the 18 species of forensically important Caribbean Calliphoridae and three continental species. We determine the diversity and distribution of Calliphoridae in the Caribbean. We also present a thorough DNA barcode dataset, covering the geographic range of most species in the region. Finally we established phylogenetic relationships among Calliphoridae species and test biogeographical hypotheses, and patterns of diversification and endemism in the Caribbean. In sum, this is the most comprehensive study of the family Calliphoridae from the Caribbean that will open the door for future research on forensic entomology in the region.
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Lima, Carolina Gonçalves Palanch de [UNESP]. „Detecção e estudo sobre o efeito da metanfetamina e do ecstasy no desenvolvimento de imaturos de três espécies de Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) de importância forense“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87785.
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lima_cgp_me_botib.pdf: 1317416 bytes, checksum: 0a405074b77c54d73fd403b54efb898d (MD5)A Entomologia Forense utiliza dados de desenvolvimento e aspectos ecológicos de insetos que se alimentam de corpos em decomposição com o objetivo de auxiliar a resolução de casos na área forense. Uma das principais aplicações, entre outras, é a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) que pode ser baseada no ciclo biológico de uma dada espécie. Porém, a falta de informação ou conhecimento sobre as variáveis que interferem de forma direta ou indireta sobre a taxa de desenvolvimento de diferentes espécies pode gerar dados imprecisos em relação à idade do inseto e, consequentemente, ao IPM. Recentemente, devido ao aumento no número de óbitos relacionados ao abuso de drogas, análises toxicológicas têm sido direcionadas a insetos necrófagos, visando complementar informações acerca da causa da morte, assim como garantir maior acurácia ao cálculo do IPM, uma vez que certas substâncias ingeridas antes do óbito podem alterar a taxa de desenvolvimento de algumas espécies que se alimentam dos tecidos de cadáveres. Esse ramo mais recente da entomologia forense é conhecido como Entomotoxicologia. No presente estudo objetivou-se observar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de metanfetamina e ecstasy, derivados anfetamínicos que tiveram seu consumo aumentado nas últimas décadas no Brasil, na taxa de desenvolvimento de imaturos dos califorídeos Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) e Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), quando acrescidos em dieta artificial apropriada. A anfetamina, metabólito da metanfetamina, não afetou de forma significativa o desenvolvimento larval de C. megacephala, no entanto, aumentou o tempo de desenvolvimento de imaturos de C. putoria, em especial a fase de pupa. O MDMA, principal componente do ecstasy, não alterou a taxa de desenvolvimento larval de C. albiceps e C. putoria, mas acelerou consideravelmente...
Forensic Entomology uses data about development and ecology of insects that feed on corpses aiming to assist to solve forensic cases. One of its main aplication, among others, is to estimate the pos-mortem interval (PMI) that can be based on the life cycle of a specific species. However, the lack of information or knowledge about the variables that can change directly or indirectly the development rate of different species can lead to inaccurate data about the age of the insect and, consequently, the PMI. Recently, due to the increasing number of death related to drug abuse, toxicological analyses have been directed to necrophagous insects intending to provide complementary information about the cause of death, as well as to asure a more acurate estimate of PMI, once some substances ingested before death can modify the development rate of some species that feed on cadaver tissues. This new branch of Forensic Entomology is known as Entomotoxicology. The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of different concentrations of methamphetamine and ecstasy, two amphetamine-like drugs which abuse rose among Brazilians in the last decades, on the development rate of immature of Calliphoridae Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), when added to artificial diet proper for them to complete their development. Amphetamine, methamphetamine´s metabolite, did not affect significantly the larval development of C. megacephala, although it increased the time of development of C. putoria maggots, specially the pupa stage. MDMA, the main compound of ecstasy, did not alter the larval development rate of C. albiceps nor C. putoria but it accelerated, considerably, the development rate of C. megacephala. Through immunohistochemical analyses it was tried to detect amphetamine in larvae of C. megacephala and C. putoria, but the results were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Pistillo, Daniela. „Evolution de la régulation du complexe achaete-scute et évolution du patron des soies chez les Diptères“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13159.
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Fernandes, Ciciane Pereira Marten. „Avaliação da ação cicatricial e repelente de Carapa guianensis e Caesalpinia ferrea Mart“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2492.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-08The aim was to evaluate the healing of open cutaneous wounds of Wistar rats treated with Carapa guianensis (andiroba) and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Jucá) and their repellent action against flies of the Calliphoridae family. It were studied 160 Wistar rats with open wounds in the back that were treated daily with Carapa guianensis at concentrations of 20% (A20) and 50% (A50), Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. concentrations at 20% (J20) and 50% (J50) and Vaseline (control group). Clinical, histological and morphometric studies were carried out after four, seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment, as well as a tensiometric study after 21 days. In order to study the repellency, W.O.T traps (Wind Oriented Trap) containing deteriorated bovine liver and cream with the herbal medicine Carapa guianensis and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. at concentrations of 20% and 50% were used to catch flies. Clinically, after four days of treatment, the wounds of the control group presented exudate, differing statistically from the other groups (p=0.0065). In the morphometric study, J50 and J20 groups had higher average area (p=0.0001) after seven days of treatment, whereas after 14 days, the wounds of the control group had higher average area (p=0.0000) compared with the other groups. In the histopathological study, the differences between groups were seen after four days of treatment, with the A20 group showing a greater number of wounds in the proliferative phase (p=0.0000). In the tensiometric study, the control group showed better results (3.52MPa) in tension when compared to other groups (p=0.0055). In the repellency study, the traps containing J50 (p<= 0.010) and D20 (p<= 0.010) showed a higher repellency 97% and 100%, respectively, followed by the A50 group (p<= 0.010) with 93.4% and the A20 group with 56.5%. The results led to the following conclusions: Carapa guianensis at a concentration of 20% accelerates the phases of the healing process in the first days after tissue injury, whereas Carapa guianensis at 50% and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. at concentrations of 20% and 50% do not show satisfactory results as a cicatrizant. As repellent action, Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. at concentrations of 50% and 20% and Carapa guianensis at 50% have repellent effect against Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia eximia, Lucilia sericata and Sarconesia chlorogaster flies, species of the Calliphoridae family, while the Carapa guianensis at 20% has less repellent action.
Objetivou-se avaliar a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas abertas de ratos Wistar tratadas com Carapa guianensis (andiroba) e Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (jucá) e, suas ações repelentes frente a moscas da família Calliphoridae. Foram estudados 160 ratos da linhagem Wistar, com realização de feridas cutâneas abertas no dorso, tratadas diariamente com Carapa guianensis nas concentrações de 20% (A20) e 50% (A50), Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. nas concentrações de 20% (J20) e 50% (J50) e vaselina (grupo controle), sendo realizadas avaliações clínicas, morfométricas e histológicas aos quatro, sete , 14 e 21 dias de tratamento e estudo tensiométrico aos 21 dias. Para estudo da repelência, foram utilizadas armadilhas W.O.T. (Wind Oriented Trap) para captura de moscas contendo fígado bovino deteriorado e creme contendo os fitoterápicos Carapa guianensis e Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. nas concentrações de 20% e 50%. Clinicamente, aos quatro dias de tratamento, as feridas tratadas apresentaram formação de crosta, diferindo estatisticamente do grupo controle que ainda apresentava exsudato nas feridas (p=0,0065). No estudo morfométrico, aos sete dias de tratamento, os grupos J50 e J20 apresentaram maior média de área (p=0,0001), enquanto que aos 14 dias, as feridas do grupo controle apresentaram maior média de área (p=0,0000) comparada com os demais grupos. Na histopatologia foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos aos quatro dias de tratamento, com o grupo A20 apresentando maior número de feridas na fase proliferativa (p=0,0000). No estudo tensiométrico, o grupo controle apresentou melhor resultado (3.52MPa) na tensão comparado aos demais grupos (p=0,0055). No estudo sobre repelência, as armadilhas contendo J50 (p<= 0,010) e J20 (p<= 0,010) apresentaram maior repelência respectivamente 97 e 100%, seguida do grupo A50 (p<= 0,010) com 93,4% e grupo A20 com 56,5%. Os resultados levaram as seguintes conclusões: Carapa guianensis na concentração de 20% acelera o processo cicatricial nos primeiros dias após injúria tecidual, enquanto que Carapa guianensis a 50% e Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. nas concentrações de 20% e 50% não apresentam resultados satisfatórios como cicatrizante. Como ação repelente, Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. nas concentrações de 50% e 20% e Carapa guianensis na concentração de 50% apresentam efeito repelente frente às moscas Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia eximia, Lucilia sericata e Sarconesia chlorogaster, espécies da família Calliphoridae, enquanto que Carapa guianensis a 20% apresenta menor ação repelente.