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Dissertationen zum Thema „Caldie“
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Izák, Josef. „Posouzení degradace opakovaně opravovaných střižných a tvářecích nástrojů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443191.
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The diploma thesis is focused on the renovation of forming tools made of tool steel, their weldability and assessment of the quality of tool repairs. The damaged tool was a part of the cutter from the progressive cutting tool made of Caldie steel. We used micro TIG technology to repair the damage. A total of three types of additional materials were used and investigated to restore the geometry of the damaged edge. One of the main purposes was to evaluate the possibility of extending the life of tools and reducing the implementation of already inefficient repairs. A number of destructive tests were performed for the assessment - macrostructure, microstructure, hardness measurement and EDS analysis.
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Felletti, Mattia. „confronto tra generatori utilizzati per il riscaldamento e produzione di acs in un edificio residenziale: caldaia a condensazione vs accoppiamento di pompa di calore con impianto fotovoltaico“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Questa tesi tratta l'analisi delle prestazioni energetiche di un edificio prima e dopo aver effettuato diversi tipi di interventi migliorativi, che garantiscano un avanzamento di due classi energetiche, per poter accedere alle detrazioni fiscali fornite dal Superbonus 110, in particolare si vuole mettere a confronto l’utilizzo di una caldaia a condensazione per il riscaldamento e per la produzione di acqua calda sanitaria da una parte, e un sistema di pompa di calore alimentata da un impianto fotovoltaico dall’altro
Il software utilizzato per ottenere i dati sulle dispersioni dell’edifico è MC4Suite2021, il quale permette di studiare l’abitazione dal punto di vista energetico, tenendo conto di tutti i vincoli di legge, di ipotizzare svariati interventi migliorativi e di valutarne gli aspetti economici.
Come parametri di confronto verranno utilizzati il risparmio economico ottenuto dalla diminuzione del consumo di gas metano ed energia elettrica in rapporto all’investimento iniziale e la differenza di emissioni di CO2 tra prima e dopo l’intervento.
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Di, Zio Davide. „Modello dinamico ed ottimizzazione delle prestazioni energetiche stagionali di impianti ibridi a pompa di calore e caldaia“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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In questo lavoro di tesi è stato utilizzato il software dinamico commerciale TRNSYS 17 per realizzare una analisi di dettaglio del comportamento energetico di impianti di riscaldamento ibridi basati sull’uso di una caldaia abbinata ad una pompa di calore aria/acqua.
Sono state analizzate diverse soluzioni di impianti ibridi bi-energetici a pompa di calore e caldaia, confrontandone le prestazioni con impianto monovalente a pompa di calore, monovalente a caldaia e impianto ibrido monoenergetico a pompa di calore e resistenza elettrica.
Ogni sistema edificio-impianto è stato situato in due città differenti per analizzare l’influenza del clima nell’ottimizzazione dell’impianto e nella scelta della soluzione con migliori prestazioni energetiche ed economiche. Le simulazioni sono state effettuate a Bolzano e Trieste in quanto queste città presentano rispettivamente un clima freddo e umido e caldo e secco, come evidenziato dall'analisi dei dati climatici a disposizione del software TRNSYS.
Le simulazioni hanno individuato per Bolzano un punto di ottimo per l'SCOP dell'impianto ibrido utilizzando BT=-5°C e Tco=0°C, mentre per Trieste il punto di ottimo è per BT=-3°C e Tco=0°C.
Si evince che più il clima è freddo ed umido, più la regolazione della macchina (Tco) deve escludere la pompa di calore dal funzionamento per un numero maggiore di ore della stagione invernale.
Il confronto delle prestazioni energetiche ed economiche tra i vari sistemi di generazione ha evidenziato come i sistemi ibridi pompa di calore e caldaia riescano a raggiungere sia a Bolzano sia a Trieste le migliori performance energetiche, ottenendo gli SCOP più alti. Il risparmio sui costi di esercizio ottenibile dall'utilizzo dell'ibrido però non è sufficiente a ripagare l'investimento iniziale molto alto.
Per Bolzano il VAN più basso è raggiunto dal sistema solo caldaia, a Trieste il VAN più basso è raggiunto dal sistema ibrido pompa di calore e resistenza elettrica.
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Zvirtek, Yana. „L'equazione del calore“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19246/.
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Questa tesi si propone di presentare i principali risultati riguardanti l'equazione del calore. In primo luogo si introduce l'equazione di diffusione, enfatizzando tra le principali proprietà delle soluzioni il principio di sovrapposizione e l'invarianza rispetto alle dilatazioni paraboliche. Queste proprietà verranno utilizzate per costruire la soluzione classica del problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet e la soluzione fondamentale a partire dall'equazione del calore in forma omogenea. Segue un approfondimento sulla legge fondamentale di conduzione del calore, da cui si ricava che l'equazione di diffusione rappresenta un modello matematico per descrivere l'evoluzione nel tempo della temperatura di un corpo rigido. La trattazione prosegue focalizzandosi sullo studio e risoluzione, in senso classico, del problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet per la sbarra omogenea con dato iniziale C^1, sfruttando, in particolare, l'analisi alla base degli sviluppi in serie di Fourier. Successivamente, vengono riportati i risultati generali ottenuti in dimensione n>=1. Tra questi, viene dedotta l'unicità della soluzione del problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet, tramite il principio di massimo debole, e per problemi misti, tramite il principio di Hopf. Infine, si affronta il problema di Cauchy omogeneo globale con dato iniziale continuo e si dimostrano per la soluzione classica: l'esistenza, costruendo la soluzione fondamentale, e l'unicità, introducendo una stima di crescita esponenziale.
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Gurioli, Laura. „Equazione del calore“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21266/.
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L'obiettivo di questa tesi è lo studio dell'equazione del calore. Come accade per molti fenomeni fisici, anche per la diffusione del calore risulta utile trovare un modello matematico che lo descriva in modo fedele e che ne riassuma le principali caratteristiche.
Questo modello, nel caso della diffusione del calore assume la forma di un'equazione alle derivate parziali del secondo ordine, chiamata equazione del calore.
Nel primo capitolo di questa tesi vedremo come nasce il modello per la diffusione del calore.
Nel capitolo 2 definiremo l'equazione del calore e la soluzione fondamentale, che utilizzeremo poi per ricavare la soluzione del problema di Cauchy omogeneo e non omogeneo.
Successivamente ci occuperemo di individuare le formule di media per le funzioni caloriche.
Nel capitolo 3 vedremo il principio di massimo debole e l'unicità della soluzione, che ne è una diretta conseguenza.
Inoltre proveremo un risultato più preciso, il principio di massimo forte.
Nell'ultimo capitolo torneranno utili le formule di media viste nel capitolo 2, grazie a esse enunceremo e dimostreremo la disuguaglianza di Harnack.
Infine, servendoci di quest'ultima, proveremo il Teorema di Liouville per le funzioni caloriche.
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Di, Tonno Mirea. „L'operatore del calore“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10932/.
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Nell'elaborato si introduce l'operatore del calore e le funzioni caloriche mostrandone alcuni esempi. Di seguito si deduce la soluzione fondamentale dell'operatore H evidenziandone alcune importanti proprietà. Si procede, poi, con l'introduzione dell'Identità di Green per l'operatore del calore e da questa si ricava la formula di media per le funzioni caloriche. Grazie a tale formula di media si evidenzia una cruciale proprietà delle funzioni caloriche: la loro regolarità C-infinito. Di seguito si deduce un'espressione migliorata per la formula di media calorica avente come vantaggio quello di avere un nucleo limitato. Si procede, quindi, mostrando alcune conseguenze dell'espressione migliorata dimostrata: si ricava, infatti, in modo diretto la disuguaglianza di Harnack e il principio di massimo forte. L'elaborato procede, poi, con lo studio del problema di Cauchy relativo all'operatore del calore.
Infine si analizzano i teoremi di Liouville per le funzioni caloriche.
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Eraso, Pichot Abel. „Adaptive regulation of calcium excitability and energy metabolism by CREB-dependent transcription in astrocytes: study of the mechanisms governing astrocyte plasticity“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664170.
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Cada cop més evidencies suggereixen que els astròcits participen en les altes funcions cerebrals, controlant des de la transmissió sinàptica fins a les ones cerebrals globals i els processos d’aprenentatge i memòria. Diferents mecanismes han sigut proposats com a responsables d’aquests processos mediats per astròcits, entre ells, l’alliberació de gliotransmissors a partir de les senyals de calci així com la de lactat semblen els principals efectors. L’existència d’aquest control de les funcions cerebrals per part dels astròcits suggereix que aquestes cèl·lules poden regular les funcions cerebrals en resposta a experiència tan com les neurones, constituint el fenomen de plasticitat astrocitària. En neurones s’ha demostrat que el conegut factor de transcripció CREB, coordina les plasticitats sinàptica i intrínseca. El fet que, en astròcits, l’activació de CREB també està regulada per activitat cerebral, situa aquest factor de transcripció com a la diana ideal per promoure canvis dependents d’activitat en astròcits. En aquesta tesi hem analitzat l’efecte de l’activació de la transcripció depenent de CREB en astròcits, centrant-nos en l’excitabilitat del calci i en el metabolisme d’aquestes cèl·lules. Hem demostrat que l’activació de la transcripció depenent de CREB redueix les senyals citosòliques de calci a través del mitocondri a la vegada que augmenta l’alliberació de lactat, dos canvis que poden tenir impacte en la transmissió sinàptica. Una altra contribució important d’aquest estudi es l’anàlisi molecular dels mitocondris dels astròcits, que ha revelat que aquestes cèl·lules poden utilitzar metabòlits que no són glucosa, com ara àcids grassos, per respondre a les necessitats metabòliques energètiques. Els nostres resultats estableixen el CREB en astròcits con un eix de la plasticitat astrocitària i revelen la interacció entre la plasticitat i el metabolisme energètic en astròcits. Aquests descobriments constitueixen un avenç mecanístic i conceptual en el coneixement de la biologia dels astròcits i com aquestes cèl·lules poden controlar l’aprenentatge i la memòria.An increasing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes participate in higher-brain functions, controlling from synaptic transmission to global brain waves and learning and memory processes. Different mechanisms have been proposed to mediate these astrocyte-dependent processes, astrocytic lactate release and calcium-dependent gliotransmission being the main known effectors. The existence of control of brain functions by astrocytes suggests that astrocytes may shape brain functions in response to experience as much as neurons, thus constituting the phenomenon of astrocyte plasticity. In neurons, the transcription factor CREB is the best known coordinator of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. The fact that, in astrocytes, CREB activation is also activity-dependent, positions CREB as an ideal target to promote plasticity-related changes in astrocytes, too. In this thesis, we have analyzed the effect of the activation of CREB-dependent transcription in astrocytes, specifically regarding calcium signals and metabolism. We have demonstrated that activation of CREB-dependent transcription reduces cytosolic calcium events via mitochondria and increases in lactate release, which may have impact on synaptic transmission. An important contribution of the study is the molecular analysis of astrocytic mitochondria, which has revealed that astrocytes may use fuels other than glucose such as fatty acids to meet basic energy metabolic demands. Taken together, our results establish astrocytic CREB as a hub in astrocyte-plasticity and shed light on the interplay between plasticity and energy metabolism in astrocytes; these findings constitute a conceptual and mechanistic advance in the knowledge of astrocytic biology and how these cells may control learning and memory.
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Vitali, Alberto. „Progettazione di una pompa di calore geotermica a CO2 per produzione di acqua calda sanitaria“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6469/.
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Archer, T. D. „Computer simulations of calcite“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596141.
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In this dissertation I have created and applied a parametric model for bulk carbonate materials. The new empirical model for carbonates is stable for a wide range of carbonate structures and reproduces experimental results with reasonable accuracy. To study the surface of calcite the ab initio code SIESTA has been used. New implementation has been introduced into the SIESTA code to allow the calculation of effective charges using the modern theory of polarisation. Using these charges the calculation of the long range electrostatic effects, which are removed by the zero electric field boundary conditions, have been introduced into the phonon methodology, reproducing the LO-TO splitting within the calculated phonon modes near the F-point. Furthermore the effective charges have been used in the calculation of the infrared intensity for each phonon mode. The SIESTA implementation of DFT relies upon the evaluation of electron density on a real-space grid. Such discretization of the real-space integrals introduces an oscillatory error in the energy and forces, with the periodicity of the real-space grid. A method for reducing this error has been introduced. The SIESTA code with the new methodology has been used to study bulk calcite, {211} calcite surface and the interaction of water with the {211} surface. The structure and phonon frequencies for the bulk match well with experimental values. The {211} surface has been calculated showing the response of the crystal in both distortion of the ion position and the electronic configuration. Surface relaxations and phonon frequencies show no symmetry breaking reconstruction of the calcite {211} surface. Calculation of the interaction of water molecules with the {211} surface predicts the optimum position for water on the surface.
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Soyer, Alain Elie. „Ali imam et calife“. Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30046.
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Ali ibn talib le gendre et le cousin de muhammad le prophete de l'islam ; fut le quatrieme calife de l'islam. Il fait son entree dans la vie publique de la communaute des les premiers episodes de l'hegire. Il etait l'homme de beaucoup le plus digne de la confiance de muhammad, et le confident de ses pensees les plus intimes. Ali est une personnalite universellement reconnue. On peut meme dire qu'aucune autre n'a fait l'objet de tant de discussion et de debats. Il fut source d'inspiration et d'enseignement pour beaucoup de mouvements revolutionnaires, politiques, spirituels et philosophiques. Il vivait dans un monde completement morcele et fragmentaire. Il a demande aux musulmans de vivre et de cooperer autrement ; qu'ils observent le monde sans projeter leurs convictions personnelles, leurs sentiments claniques, afin d'observer clairement. Dans cette these, nous avons essaye d'etudier la personne de ali, qui, au moins pendant une periode importante de sa vie fut profondement, sincerement religieux (imam) mais aussi homme politique (calife). Ce n'etait pas la deux plans separes, mais deux aspects d'une personnalite globale, aspects qui ne peuvent se distinguer que par l'analyse.
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Narramore, Christine A. „The calcite-water interface“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:45ac5702-d849-4ba6-902a-d58edf6d0283.
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Yance, Chávez Tula del Carmen. „Estudio y caracterización de la nueva quinasa dependiente de calmodulina: CKK2“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396284.
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La familia de CaM quinasas (CAMK por sus siglas en inglés) son una familia de quinasas, dependientes del complejo Ca2+/CaM importantes por su implicación en diferentes funciones como la transcripción de genes, la supervivencia/muerte celular (apoptosis), la organización del citoesqueleto, el aprendizaje y la memoria (Swulius & Waxham, 2008). Se ha demostrado la funcionalidad de esta familia de quinasas al expresar la CAMKII humana en Schizosaccharomyces pombe produciendo un arresto del ciclo celular. Tambien se ha descrito en S. pombe una quinasa a homologa a la CAMKI de mamíferos funcional, la cual necesita para su activación la unión del complejo Ca2+/CaM y la fosforilación por una quinasa upstream. Nuestro grupo encontró que la fosforilación de Cmk1 en respuesta a Ca2+ desaparece al mutar la CAMKK, ckk2 (Cisneros-Barroso et al., 2014). En este trabajo planteamos como primer objetivo determinar si la fosforilación de Cmk1 es debida a la actividad de la quinasa Ckk2 de manera directa. Encontramos que fosforila a Cmk1 in vivo e in vitro, como su homóloga en mamíferos la CAMKK2, estableciendo una cascada de las CAMK en S. pombe. Encontramos también que Ckk2 es una quinasa dependiente del complejo Ca2+/CaM constituyéndose como una CAMK propiamente dicha.
La viabilidad de un mutante nos puede indicar si el gen mutado esta implicado en la vía del estrés al que es sometido. Al evaluar el mutante Δckk2 encontramos que la deleción de ckk2 compromete la viabilidad celular frente agentes que modifican el citoesqueleto (tiabendazol, Latrunculina) y es resistente frente agentes que compromete la pared celular (calcofluor). Del mismo modo quisimos evaluar el mutante Δckk2 en condiciones de deprivación de nutrientes y encontramos que la deleción de ckk2 no afecta la viabilidad celular, a diferencia de Ssp1, otra CAMKK en S. pombe (Hanyu et al. 2009), sin embargo es importante para la citocinesis. Observamos un retraso en la citocinesis en condiciones de deprivación de glucosa reflejado en un aumento del índice de septación entre las 4 y 12 horas de deprivación, y en condiciones de deprivación de nitrógeno encontramos que el mutante Δckk2 presenta un alto índice de septación con respecto a la cepa salvaje (26% y 0% respectivamente); esto nos indicaría que Ckk2 probablemente esté implicada en algún proceso que dé lugar a la citocinesis.
Addicionalmente, encontramos que la expresión de ckk2 aumenta tanto en condiciones de deprivación de glucosa como de nitrógeno, y este aumento se ve reflejado a nivel proteico. La proteína aumenta especialmente a partir de las 12 horas en deprivación, y además se observa una modificación pos-traduccional correspondiente a una sumoilación. Del análisis de la secuencia encontramos una lisina la K202, consenso de sumoilación (Beauclair et al. 2015; Zhao et al. 2014) y que se encuentra conservada en las CAMKK2, la homóloga en mamíferos de esta K202 está descrita como una lisina de ubiquitinación (Kim et al. 2011). Nosotros hemos estudiado la ubiqüitinizacón de nuestra proteína mediante anticuerpos pero no parece ubiquitinada. Por otra parte, tampoco está descrito que la CAMKK de mamíferos se encuentre sumoilada en alguna condición. Las modificaciones por sumo pueden alterar la actividad de una proteína, su localización, y/o estabilidad. En algunos casos sumo y ubiquitina tienen roles opuestos, donde la sumoilación protege la proteína de degradación ocupando la misma lisina
para la ubiquitinación (Miteva et al. 2010). Es presumible pensar que en condiciones ricas de nutrientes Ckk2 sea diana de ubiquitina y se degrade, explicando los bajo niveles de la proteína en medio rico; y por el contrario en condiciones de deprivación de nutrientes, se favorezca su sumoilación para estabilizarla, en acorde con la acumulación de Ckk2 a lo largo del tiempo.CAMK´s are a family of Ca2+/CaM dependent kinases important for several cellular processes such as gene transcription, surveillance and cell death, cytoskeleton organization, learning and memory (Swulius & Waxham 2008). Functionality of this family of kinases has been demonstrated in fission yeast where expression of human CAMKII in Schizosaccharomyces pombe produced cell cycle arrest. Moreover, a mammalian CAMKI homolog has been described in S. pombe, Cmk1. Cmk1 is activated by binding to Ca2+/CaM complex and phosphorylation by an upstream kinase. Our group has observed that phosphorylation of Cmk1 in response to calcium stress is absent in deletion of the CaMKK, Ckk2. (Cisneros-Barroso et al. 2014). At the present work, we have defined that Ckk2 phosphorylates in vivo and in vitro Cmk1, like its mammalian counterpart CAMKK2; establishing a CAMK cascade in S. pombe. Besides, Ckk2 binds to Ca2+/CaM complex constituting a CaM kinase itself . Cell viability of mutants exposed to certain conditions, gives some clues about the function of the mutated gene. So we found that Δckk2 mutant was sensitive to cytoskeleton disrupting agents (thiabendazol, latrunculina) and resistant to a chemical that disrupt cell wall (calcofluor). On the other hand, we analyzed Δckk2 in starving conditions and found that ckk2 deletion doesn’t have impact on cell viability, but it’s important for cytokinesis. We observed a delayed in cytokinesis upon glucose starvation and a high septation index in nitrogen starvation. Furthermore, we find that Ckk2 expression is upregulated at both, upon nitrogen and glucose starvation, and a modification by sumo is also observed. The lysine 202 is a consensus sequence for sumoylation and is conserved between CAMKK homologs. However, in mammalian CAMKK2, the K202 is ubiquitinated (Kim et al. 2011). We have evaluated Ckk2 ubiquitination, using antibodies and Ckk2 is not ubiquitinated. It is reported that the same lysine could be a target for ubiquitine and sumo, where sumoylation protects proteins from degradation by ubiquitynation (Miteva et al. 2010). According to our results, its reasonable to think that in rich nutrient media Ckk2 is target for degradation, and when nutrient availability is limited Ckk2 is expressed and stabilized by sumo.
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Aquino, Martínez Rubén Francisco. „Cooperation of calcium, BMP and WNT signalling for optimal osteoblast differentiation. Application for bone tissue engineering“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399725.
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At least two specific features differentiate bone from other tissues, a blend of organic and mineral components, and a cellular organization with a hierarchical commitment degree. During bone remodeling osteoclasts dissolve the mineral and degrade the organic bone components, releasing the degradation products to the extracellular space.
Bone is one of the hardest connective tissues in the human body. However, skeletal tissue can be injured by trauma, atrophied by tooth loss, destroyed by pathological conditions or incompletely formed during congenital craniofacial bone defects, such as cleft palate. Autogenous bone is considered the “gold standard” to regenerate bone defects. However, wherever bone is harvested undesirable and detrimental effects are produced at the donor area. To avoid these drawbacks, bone tissue engineering has emerged to provide an alternative to autogenous bone harvesting drawbacks.
It has been shown by several “in vitro” an “in vivo” studies that BMP-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. High doses are required (e.g. 1-45 mg/ml in animal models) to obtain acceptable outcomes. However, several side effects, such as inflammation and ectopic bone formation, have been reported after using elevated amounts of BMP-2.
In this work we employed a composite Gelatin/CaSO4 scaffold that allows for an early expansion of seeded MSC´s, which is followed by an increased level of osteogenic differentiation after 10 days in culture. Furthermore, this seeded scaffold enhanced bone formation in a mouse model of critical-size calvarial defects. More importantly, ex vivo pretreatment of MSC´s with low amounts of BMP-2 (2nM) and Wnt3a (50 ng/ml) for 24 hours cooperatively increases the expression of osteogenic markers in vitro and bone regeneration in the critical-size calvarial defect in the mouse model.
Moreover, we determined the molecular mechanisms involved in cooperation between Ca2+ and BMP-2 in MSC´s at early and late differentiating points. Early, at 24 hours, we observed an intracellular network activation which is antagonistic to BMP-2/Smad signalling. More importantly, a significant cooperative effect between Ca2+ and BMP-2 is observed after 10 days. Ca2+ promotes an autocrine/paracrine feed-forward loop that reinforces the BMP-2 osteogenic input. Of note, Ca2+ alone induced similar osteogenic effects as BMP-2 alone in long-term cell culture.
In conclusion, cytokine signalling (such as BMP-2) and signalling from the mineral component (such as Ca2+) signals interact during bone remodeling. Early on, Ca2+ inhibits BMP-2 differentiation effect but later amplifies and reinforces the osteogenic BMP-2 effect.Al menos dos características distinguen al hueso de otros tejidos, es una mezcla de elementos orgánicos y minerales y además tiene una organización celular con diferentes niveles de diferenciación. Durante el remodelado óseo los osteoclastos disuelven el componente mineral y degradan la fase orgánica liberando sus productos de degradación hacia el espacio extracelular. El tejido óseo puede ser dañado después de un trauma, puede sufrir atrofia por la pérdida de dientes, podría ser destruido por condiciones patológicas o incompletamente formado en pacientes que sufren paladar hendido. El injerto autólogo ha sido considerado la mejor alternativa para regenerar defectos óseos. Sin embargo, se produce una morbilidad en la zona donante. La ingeniería de tejidos óseos ha surgido como una alternativa al hueso autólogo. Ha sido demostrado por estudios in vitro e in vivo que BMP-2 favorece la diferenciación de osteoblastos. Altas dosis son necesarias para obtener resultados aceptables. Sin embargo, varios efectos adversos han sido reportados después de usar estas dosis elevadas. En este trabajo hemos utilizado una combinación de Gelatina/CaSO4 como andamiaje para cultivar células madre mesenquimales. Pretratamiento de MSC´s “ex vivo” con dosis bajas de BMP-2 (2nM) y Wnt3a (50 ng/ml) durante 24 horas incrementó cooperativamente la expresión de marcadores osteogénicos “in vitro” y la regeneración ósea en defectos de tamaño critico en cráneo de ratón. Además, determinamos el mecanismo molecular involucrado en la cooperación entre Ca2+ y BMP-2 a corto y largo término. Al inicio (24 horas), observamos la activación de una red de señalización intracelular antagónica a BMP-2/Smad. A los 10 días, un efecto cooperativo entre Ca2+ y BMP-2 es observado. Ca2+ promueve la secreción endógena de BMP-2 lo cual produce un efecto autocrino y paracrino que refuerza la acción inicial de BMP-2. Notablemente, un efecto similar en la diferenciación osteoblástica fue observado en MSC´s tratadas únicamente con Ca2+ comparado con las tratadas solo con BMP-2. En conclusión, BMP-2 y Ca2+ interactúan durante el remodelado óseo. Inicialmente, Ca2+ regula el estímulo de BMP-2 inhibiendo la diferenciación celular producida por BMP-2 pero después de 10 días amplifica y refuerza el efecto de BMP-2.
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Kerisit, SeÌbastien N. „Atomistic simulation of calcite surfaces“. Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404027.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop an atomistic model of the mineral-water interface taking calcium carbonate as an example. This model would enable us to gain insight into the microscopic processes involved in the growth and dissolution of minerals, In Chapter 1, major experimental and computational studies of calcite surfaces arc reviewed and the main topics of this thesis arc presented. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the methodology used throughout this work. In Chapter 2, the potential model is explained in great detail. Chapter 3 gives an introduction to the computational techniques, namely energy minimisation and molecular dynamics, used throughout this study, together with a brief description of the density functional theory, also used in this thesis. Chapters 4 to 8 present the main results obtained during this project. In Chapter 4, energy minirnisations of the main low-index surfaces of calcite reveal that the {1014} surface is the most stable surface in both dry and hydrated conditions. In addition, it was found that the reaction of water with surface carbonate groups, which results in the dissociation of water molecules, would occur at step edges and defective surfaces rather than at the {1014} surface. In Chapter 5, a comparison of the surface energies obtained from electronic structure calculations with those described in the previous chapter shows that the relative energies are in very good agreement. Also, surface phase diagrams of three surfaces in contact with a gaseous phase suggest that calcium poor surfaces are the dominant terrninations under ambient conditions.In Chapter 6, potential parameters developed to model the interactions of carbonate surfaces with water are shown to also reproduce the structure and dynamics of the hydration shell of metal cations. This chapter also presents new potential parameters for modelling halide ions in solution. In Chapter 7, the free energy of adsorption of water on the {lOI4} surface is calculated and found to be small when compared to the enthalpy of adsorption, therefore implying a large entropy of adsorption. Also, it is shown that the free energy profiles of metal ions adsorbing on the surface are correlated with the solvent density. In Chapter 8, the distribution of ions near the surface, calculated from molecular dynamics simulations, is found to differ from the classical view of the electrical double layer. Finally, Chapter 9 gives a summary of the main results presented in this thesis
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Albertim, Roberta Calábria. „Waltercio Caldas: arquitetura da hospitalidade“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-14022013-154323/.
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Esta dissertação é uma proposta de reflexão acerca do pensamento plástico de Waltercio Caldas, sob a inscrição do problema teórico da hospitalidade absoluta, segundo Jacques Derrida. Tal abordagem ambiciona refletir sobre o campo das esculturas instaladas ao ar livre, enfatizando suas distintas contribuições do que se poderia denominar de \"fundação de lugares de hospitalidade absoluta\" - como se houvesse em suas obras a tentativa de desatar os nós entre as palavras espaço e lugar, apresentando quando, por elas, acontece a transmutação de um para outro. A proposta é a de que, nas oito obras que aqui serão tratadas (O formato cego, Escultura para o Rio, Omkring, Jardim Instantâneo, Espelho rápido, Espelho sem aço, Momento de fronteira e Software), Caldas nos oferece um pensamento genuinamente arquitetônico, sendo pensado o problema da arquitetura quanto o do \"ter lugar\", segundo reflexão de Derrida. Assim, as obras de Waltercio Caldas cumprem a longa tradição do conceito de cidade tão bem manifesta pela palavra arquitetura. Recorte espacial, ou ainda, sobreposição de espaços para onde se dirigem os homens em busca de acolhimento. Mesmo as obras de Caldas que se encontram fora das áreas urbanas afirmam a ideia de cidade a partir da noção de que aquele que chega merece ser absolutamente acolhido antes mesmo de dizer seu nome.This essay brings a proposal for reflection on the plastic thinking of Waltercio Caldas, under the perspective of the theoretical problem of the absolute hospitality, according to Jacques Derrida. Such approach aims to consider about the open air sculpture fields, emphasizing their distinct contributions on what could be called foundation of absolute hospitality places - as though there was in his works the attemptive to untie the knot between the words space and place, demonstrating when, because of the sculpture\'s influence, happens the transmutation of one to the other. The main idea is that on the eight analyzed works (O formato cego, Escultura para o Rio, Omkring, Jardim Estantâneo, Espelho rápido, Espelho sem aço, Momento de fronteira and Software), Caldas offers us genuinely architectonic thinking, considering architecture\'s problem of \"having a place\", according to Derrida. Thus, the works of Waltercio Caldas fulfill the long tradition that make the concept of city so well expressed by the word architecture. Spatial area, or yet, overlapping of spaces to where are driven men in search of reception. Even Calda\'s works that are located outside urban areas reinforce the idea of city under the notion that anyone that may come deserves to be absolutely welcomed even before speaking their name.
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Blacketer, Raymond Andrew. „The school of God : pedagogy and rhetoric in Calvin's interpretation of deuteronomy /“. Dordrecht : Springer, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0824/2007440798-d.html.
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Jörgensen, Kristian. „Jämförelse av kalenderöverföringsprotokollen CAP och CalDAV“. Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-954.
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Många av dagens elektroniska kalendrar och kalendersystem kan inte kommunicera med kalendrar och system av en annan typ, trots att de ofta använder sig av samma format för att beskriva händelser. Det är därför intressant att undersöka hur ett protokoll för kalenderkommunikation bör fungera och hur de förslag som idag utvecklas ser ut. Ett standardiserat kommunikationsprotokoll underlättar för användare eftersom de då har större frihet att själv välja mjukvara. Det underlättar även för utvecklare som kan undvika kostsamma misstag då de utvecklar applikationer till kalendersystem.
Denna undersökning genomför en litteraturstudie av två potentiella kandidater till standard för kalenderkommunikation, CAP och CalDAV. Dessa två förslag undersöks och jämförs med avseendet att utvärdera kvalitén på design, säkerhet, prestanda, händelsehantering (event notification) och portbarhet. Arbetet försöker även avgöra vilket av protokollen som är bäst lämpat och har bäst förutsättningar att lyckas som en framtida standard.
Följande undersökning visar på att CAP är det protokoll som kommigt längst i utvecklingen och har flest detaljer på plats. CalDAV lyckas däremot visa en renare och för ändamålet bättre passande design som på flera sätt lämpar sig bättre än CAP som kalenderöverföringsprotokoll. CalDAV har bland annat en större bas av verktyg, är mera känt, har indirekt bevisats skalbar och är relativt enkel. Dessutom återanvänder CalDAV mycket från tidigare protokoll och använder sig av tidigare standarder inom området vilket är en fördel för utvecklare eftersom deras arbete blir enklare.
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Yonas, Eva. „Calder and Mondrian an unlikely kinship /“. Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/24056.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 58 kB.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Borde, Christian. „Calais et la mer : 1814-1914 /“. Villeneuve-d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366984097.
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Orlati, Giacomo. „Protocolli di gestione calDAV e cardDAV“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10242/.
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Stocker, Isabella Natalie. „Adsorption at the calcite-liquid interface“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252293.
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Leclercq, Catherine. „Alexander Calder: mobile, couleur et forme“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212989.
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Tagliente, Miriana. „Modellizzazione e ottimizzazione di sistemi energetici per il settore residenziale“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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L’obbiettivo principale di questo lavoro è quello di valutare e confrontare le diverse soluzioni impiantistiche per il riscaldamento di un edificio abitativo, composto da sei piani, di cui ogni piano è strutturato da tre appartamenti, attraverso la realizzazione di un modello dinamico. Questo si basa inizialmente sulla simulazione del comportamento dell’edificio attuale tramite Energy Plus, utilizzato come confronto alla futura ristrutturazione dell’edificio, la quale prevederà una diminuzione del fabbisogno energetico, quindi un risparmio economico. La scelta degli impianti è stata determinata in base alla presenza di comfort negli ambienti e dall’utilizzo di minore energia ottenuta dal gas naturale. Si è partiti dall’analisi di una caldaia tradizionale, per poi passare ad una caldaia a condensazione, la quale migliora la sua efficienza al diminuire della temperatura dell’acqua di mandata ai terminali. Infine, si è scelta una pompa di calore sia singolarmente sia in coppia con la caldaia, utilizzando come terminali le pareti radianti. Inoltre, per migliorare l’efficienza energetica dell’edificio si è scelto di abbinare i pannelli fotovoltaici alla pompa di calore, al fine di autoprodurre l’energia elettrica utile per l’intero edificio.
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Parra, Morales Víctor Manuel. „Estudio del mecanismo del precondicionamiento del miocardio inducido por ejercicio en el perro. Participación del canal de potasio mitocondrial sensible a ATP, Ión calcio y NADPH oxidasa“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401759.
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BACKGROUND. We previously showed that exercise induces early and late preconditioning on the myocardial infarct size in dogs, and that the early preconditioning is mediated by activation of NADPH oxidase and by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP).
HYPOTHESES AND OBJECTIVES. In a first stage we studied if late preconditioning by exercise is also mediated through these mitoKATP channels. We then approached our main objective, if the increase in Ca2+ inflow to the cell during exercise triggers early and late preconditioning on the infarct size in dogs, independent of its hemodynamic effects, based on the intracoronary administration of Ca2+ induces preconditioning, and that exercise enhances the Ca2+ inflow to the cell. In parallel, we studied whether this increase in Ca2+ inflow is also responsible for the activation of NADPH oxidase during early preconditioning.
METHODS. A total of 202 dogs were surgically instrumented and trained to run on a treadmill, and then randomly assigned to one of three experimental protocols: 1) effect of blocking the mitoKATP channel with 5 hydroxydecanoate (5HD) in the late preconditioning by exercise; 2) effect of blocking sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel channel with a low dose of verapamil on early and late preconditioning by exercise; 3) effect of verapamil on NADPH oxidase activation in early exercise preconditioning.
RESULTS. Exercise reduced myocardial infarct size by 76% and 52-56% (early and late protection respectively, P <0.05 vs control), late preconditioning was abolished by 5HD administration, and both early and late preconditioning were abolished by a single low dose of verapamil given before exercise. This dose of verapamil did not modify the effect of exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. In addition, verapamil blocked the activation of NADPH oxidase during early preconditioning. Exercise did not induce myocardial ischemia, there were no hemodynamic differences between the groups during periods of ischemia and reperfusion, and the effects were independent of the collateral flow to the ischemic region.
CONCLUSIONS. Late preconditioning is mediated by mitoKATP channels, early and late preconditioning is triggered, at least in part, by Ca2+ inflow increase to the cell during exercise and, during the early protection, is mediated by NADPH oxidase activation.ANTECEDENTES. Recientemente demostramos que el ejercicio físico induce precondicionamiento precoz y tardío sobre el tamaño del infarto del miocardio en el perro, y que el precoz está mediado por activación de NADPH oxidasa y por canales de potasio mitocondriales sensibles a ATP (mitoKATP). HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVO. En una primera etapa estudiamos si estos canales mitoKATP participan también del precondicionamiento tardío por ejercicio. Posteriormente abordamos nuestro objetivo principal, si el aumento del ingreso de Ca2+ a la célula durante el ejercicio inicia precondicionamiento precoz y tardío sobre el tamaño del infarto en el perro, independiente de sus efectos hemodinámicos, basado en que la administración intracoronaria de Ca2+ induce precondicionamiento, y que el ejercicio aumenta la entrada de Ca2+ a la célula. Paralelamente estudiamos si este aumento del ingreso de Ca2+ es también responsable de la activación de NADPH oxidasa durante el precondicionamiento precoz. METODOLOGÍA. Un total de 202 perros fueron instrumentados quirúrgicamente y entrenados a correr en una cinta ‘sin fin’, para luego asignarlos aleatoriamente a alguno de los tres protocolos experimentales: 1) efecto del bloqueo del canal mitoKATP con 5 hidroxidecanoato (5HD) en el precondicionamiento tardío por ejercicio; 2) efecto del bloqueo del canal de Ca2+ tipo-L del sarcolema con una dosis baja de verapamilo en el precondicionamiento precoz y tardío por ejercicio; 3) efecto de verapamilo en la activación de NADPH oxidasa en el precondicionamiento precoz por ejercicio. RESULTADOS. El ejercicio indujo protección precoz y tardía sobre el tamaño del infarto (reducción de 76% y 52-56%, precoz y tardía respectivamente, P<0.05 vs control), la protección tardía fue abolida por la administración de 5HD, y tanto la protección precoz como tardía fueron abolidas por la administración de una dosis baja y única de verapamilo previo al ejercicio precondicionante. Esta dosis de verapamilo no modificó el efecto del ejercicio en las variables metabólicas ni hemodinámicas. Además, verapamilo bloqueó la activación de NADPH oxidasa durante el precondicionamiento precoz. El ejercicio no indujo isquemia miocárdica, no hubo diferencias hemodinámicas entre los grupos de estudio durante los períodos de isquemia y reperfusión, y los efectos fueron independientes del flujo colateral a la región isquémica. CONCLUSIONES. El precondicionamiento tardío es mediado por los canales mitoKATP, el precondicionamiento precoz y tardío es iniciado, al menos en parte, por el aumento del ingreso de Ca2+ a la célula durante el ejercicio, y la protección precoz es mediada a su vez por la activación de NADPH oxidasa.
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Bertazzo, Sergio. „Solubilidade de fosfatos de calcio em fluido corporeo simulado : biocompatibilidade e propriedades da interface fosfato de calcio/solução“. [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249985.
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Orientador : Celso Aparecido BertranDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
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Onal, Mehmet Ali Recai. „Pressure Leaching Of Caldag Lateritic Nickel Ore“. Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615480/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the process optimization of combined high pressure acid leaching (HPAL) and mixed hydroxide precipitation (MHP) route for the extraction of nickel and cobalt from Çaldag lateritic nickel ore. In order to extract nickel and cobalt values into pregnant leach solution (PLS), several process parameters of HPAL including acid load, temperature, leaching duration and particle size were investigated in comparative manner at constant solid concentration and agitation speed. After HPAL trials, it has been found that more than one combination of parameters offered higher than 90% extraction efficiencies for both nickel and cobalt. Among them, 0.325 kg/kg acid load, 250°
C, 1 hour duration and 100% -1 mm particle size was selected as the optimum conditions with 94.1% Ni and 94.0% Co extractions. A stock of PLS was prepared under the stated conditions that was treated by downstream operations in order to obtain MHP. Initially by two-stage iron removal of downstream operations major impurities iron, chromium and aluminum were nearly completely removed with acceptable nickel and cobalt losses from PLS. Then, the nickel and cobalt were precipitated by two-stage mixed hydroxide precipitation. In the first step of MHP, the optimum conditions were chosen as pH=7.10, 60°
C and 1 hour duration. The intermediate product obtained at these conditions contained 44.3% Ni, 3.01% Co with 3.06% Mn contamination. In summary, it was found that Ç
aldag nickel laterite ore was readily leachable under HPAL conditions and PLS obtained was easily treatable in order to produce saleable MHP.
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Houtkooper, Linda. „Guia de los Suplementos de Calcio (Spanish)“. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146459.
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Birse, S. E. A. „Experimental and computational studies on foraminiferal calcite“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596662.
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In this thesis, the effect of dissolution on the chemistry and structure of perforate planktonic foraminiferal tests was investigated. Atomistic simulations were undertaken to study the energetics of magnesium ions in calcite and their structural ordering in the {104} surface. Shell mass, δ18Oc and Mg/Ca measurements were obtained on core-top tests of foraminifera from depth transects in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The degree to which dissolution biased the temperature determined from δ18Oc and Mg/Ca measurements was found to be similar for G. sacculifer and G. ruber but greater for the Mg/Ca-temperature estimates for P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei. Corrections to the Mg/Ca ratios based on core-top depth, bottom water carbonate ion concentration, and shell mass were developed. For all species, bottom water carbonate ion concentration provided the best correction for the dissolution artifact. Crystallinity of the planktonic foraminiferal tests was investigated using x-ray powder diffraction from the {104} plane of calcite. Species offsets in crystallinity were attributed to differences in test structure, in particular the proportions of primary to secondary calcite composing the test wall. A correlation between tests which had undergone increased dissolution and a narrowing of the 104 Bragg peak was observed. This change was attributed to the preferential removal of smaller crystallites (the primary calcite). The crystallinity of undissolved tests correlated with growth rate. Faster test calcification could broaden the 104 Bragg peak because overall smaller crystallites were deposited or because more primary calcite was initially deposited. An empirical potential set was generated for calcium carbonate. Trends in metal cation defect energies between calcite and aragonite stemmed from the differences in bulk geometries. The {104} calcite surface, in vacuo and hydrated, was generated from the same potential set. Surface relaxation of the in vacuo surface was investigated by calculating within layer polarization and between layer strain.
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Ahmed, Imad A. M. „Measuring cadmium fixation in zeolites and calcite“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435518.
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Cañas, Pacheco Giovanny Augusto, Barón Fredy Martínez, María Ortencia Palacios und Ortiz Mauricio Triana. „Planeamiento estratégico para el departamento de Caldas“. Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12365.
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En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis del departamento de Caldas en todos sus
ámbitos con el fin de identificar formas para el mejoramiento social, económico y ambiental
de la región (por medio del diseño de estrategias de desarrollo). También se pretende, a través
del plan estratégico, consolidar al departamento de Caldas como líder en competitividad a
nivel nacional y latinoamericano, para así mejorar el nivel de vida de sus habitantes
llevándolos a estándares cercanos a los de los países desarrollados. El plan estratégico
desarrollado en el presente documento fue elaborado en función al Modelo Secuencial del
Proceso Estratégico. Éste se compone de un conjunto de actividades que se desarrollan de
manera secuencial con la finalidad de que una organización pueda proyectarse al futuro y
alcance la visión establecida y el análisis del material se realizó a través del estudio analítico
descriptivo.
Caldas es un departamento altamente competitivo, éste se ubica en el tercer lugar a
nivel nacional, con grandes fortalezas que debe mantener, como son sus instituciones
públicas, la alta calidad de la educación superior, la eficiencia de los merados e innovación,
pero con oportunidades principalmente en factores básicos como infraestructura y salud. A su
vez, Caldas posee cuatro clústeres que lo hacen más competitivo (metalmecánico, tecnologías
de la información, innovación y creatividad, textil). Además, se han identificado dos clústeres
potenciales (el turístico y el agroindustrial). Por último, el análisis competitivo permitió
confirmar la elección adecuada de los OLP que ayudarán a lograr la visión de mejorar la
competitividad del departamento.
En cuanto al Plan Estratégico Integral (PEI), presenta las partes esenciales del proceso
de planeación estratégica. Su importancia radica en que de forma rápida permite a todos
aquellos que vayan a usar esta planeación, sea que conozcan o no sobre el proceso que se
llevó a cabo, entenderla. Adicionalmente, permite a los elaboradores, visualizar de forma
general todo el plan, efectuar control y realizar las correcciones requeridas. En el PEI se
aprecia toda la correlación del proceso de planeación, incluyendo la visión, misión, valores,
código de ética, principios cardinales, interés organizacional, las estrategias empleadas, su la
relación con los OLP, políticas y OCP, el tablero de control balanceado, los recursos
necesarios, la estructura organizacional y los planes operacionales.
Palabras clave: Plan Estratégico Integral, Caldas, Clústeres, CompetitividadIn the present work an analysis of the department of Caldas is made in all its areas in order to identify ways of social, economic and environmental improvement of the region (through the design of development strategies) and, it is intended through of the strategic plan to consolidate the department of Caldas as a leader in competitiveness at a national and Latin American level, managing to improve the standard of living of its inhabitants, bringing them to standards close to those of the developed countries. The strategic plan developed in this document was prepared based on the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process. It consists of a set of activities that are developed sequentially with the purpose that an organization can project to the future and reach the established vision and the analysis of the material was made through descriptive analytical study. Caldas is a highly competitive department, placing it in the third national position, with great strengths that it must maintain, such as institutions, quality of higher education, efficiency of markets and innovation, but with opportunities mainly in basic factors such as infrastructure and health. At the same time, Caldas has four clusters that make it more competitive (metalworking, information technology, innovation and creativity, textiles) also, two potential clusters have been identified (tourism and agro-industry). Finally, the competitive analysis allowed confirming the appropriate choice of OLP that will help achieve the vision of improving the competitiveness of the department. And regarding the Comprehensive Strategic Plan (PEI), it presents the essential parts of the strategic planning process. Its importance lies in the fact that it quickly allows all those who are going to use this planning, whether they know or not about the process that took place, to understand it. Additionally, it allows the developers to visualize in a general way the whole plan, to carry out the control and make the required corrections. In the PEI, all the correlation of the planning process is appreciated, including the vision, mission, values, code of ethics, cardinal principles, organizational interest, the strategies used, their relationship with the OLP, policies and OCP, the balanced control board, the necessary resources, the organizational structure and the operational plans. Keywords: Strategic Plan Integral, Caldas, Clusters, Competitiveness
Tesis
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Baldassari, Iria Benedita. „Flora de Poços de Caldas : familia Melastomataceae“. [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315275.
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Orientador : Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita GouveaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho consistiu no estudo da família melastomataceae na região de Poços de Caldas,. MG,.como parte Integrante de um levantamento floristlco global da região. Os objetivos básicos do projeto foram o estudo da composição floristica de algumas áreas representativas da vegetação no município de Poços de Caldas,. com a apresentação,. ao final,. de sugestões para a recomposição da paisagem (após a mineração) pelo uso de espécies nativas da região Coletas intensivas foram realizadas no período de 1980 a 1983,. com algumas coletas em 1984. Essas coletas,. Concentradas sobretudo nas áreas de Campo e Escrube de Santa Rosalia,. Campo do Saco e Mata da Colina,. sendo também realizadas algumas coletas esparsas em outros locais,. resultaram em 38 espécies de Melastomataceae...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The present work refers to a study of Melastomataceae as part of a general assessment of the flora of the Poços de Caldas region. Main objectives of this project were the study of the floristic composition of some representative areas of vegetation in Poços de Caldasr and to present sugestions for landscape reconstruction after mining using native species.Intensive collecting of specimens was carried out during the period 1980 to 1983r and some more colleting done in 1984. These collectings were concentrated in the areas of Campo de Santa Rosãliar Escrube de Santa Rosãlia Campo do Sacor and Mata da Colinar and also some collecting was carried out in other areasr resulting in 38 species of Melastomataceae. Besides these collected specimensr other 25 herbaria e:
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Bonsacquet, Jérémie. „Neurotransmission de la synapse en calice vestibulaire“. Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20076.
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Castillo, Alvarez Maria Cristina Castillo. „Fractionnement des isotopes de nickel lors de l'adsorption à la surface de la calcite et coprécipitation avec la calcite“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30047.
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Les compositions chimiques et isotopiques traces des métaux de traces dans la calcite sont à la base de la plupart des reconstructions de températures passées, de CO2 atmosphérique et de pH océanique. Les compositions isotopiques des métaux divalents incorporées dans la structure de calcite ont également la capacité d'enregistrer des informations précieuses reflétant les conditions géochimiques de la formation. (Galy et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2004; Beard et al., 2012; Mavromatis et al., 2013; Fantle and Tipper, 2014; Mavromatis et al., 2015; Mavromatis et al., 2019). De plus, comme la répartition à l'équilibre et la cinétique des métaux divalents entre la calcite et le fluide présentent des comportements contrastés, on peut s'attendre à ce que leur composition isotopique dans la calcite présente des tendances distinctes (Schott et al., 2014). Comme la spéciation aqueuse de Ni dépend fortement du pH et de l'alcalinité, la composition isotopique de Ni adsorbée à la surface de la calcite et / ou incorporée dans le réseau de calcite pourrait fournir des informations précieuses sur l'environnement chimique dans lequel ce minéral s'est formé à l'origine. Pour calibrer cet outil potentiellement utile, des expériences ont été effectuées à 25° C pour déterminer le fractionnement isotopique du Ni pendant 1) l'adsorption de Ni à la surface de la calcite en fonction du pH de la solution (de 7,5 à 8,7) et 2) la coprécipitation de Ni avec de la calcite à pH 6,2, pCO2 = 1 atm en fonction de taux de croissance de la calcite allant de 10-8,2 à 10-7,3 mol m-2 s-1. Les résultats montrent que le facteur de fractionnement à l'équilibre, solution Δ60Nisolid-solution, pour l'adsorption de Ni sur la calcite est égal à -0,49 ± 0,16 et indépendant du pH. Les isotopes de Ni léger sont également incorporés de manière préférentielle dans la calcite pendant sa coprécipitation. L'ampleur du fractionnement isotopique du Ni diminue de -0.3 and -1 lorsque le taux de précipitation de la calcite augmente de 10-8,2 à 10-7,3 mol m-2 s-1. Ce comportement, dû à la forte hydratation de l'ion aqueux Ni2+, peut servir à estimer les taux de précipitation de la calcite et la pCO2 dans les océans du passéThe chemical and isotopic compositions of trace elements in calcite are the basis for most past temperature, atmospheric CO2, and ocean pH paleo reconstructions. The isotope compositions of divalent metals incorporated into the calcite structure also have the ability to record valuable information that reflects the geochemical conditions of formation (Galy et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2004; Beard et al., 2012; Mavromatis et al., 2013; Fantle and Tipper, 2014; Mavromatis et al., 2015; Mavromatis et al., 2019). Moreover, as the equilibrium and kinetic partition of divalent metals between calcite and fluid exhibit contrasting behaviors, it can be expected that their isotope composition in calcite exhibits distinct trends (Schott et al., 2014). Because Ni aqueous speciation strongly depends on fluid pH and alkalinity, the isotopic composition of Ni adsorbed on calcite surface and/or incorporated into the calcite lattice could provide information on the chemical environment in which this mineral originally formed. To calibrate this potentially useful tool, experiments were performed at 25°C to determine Ni isotope fractionation during 1) Ni adsorption on calcite surface as a function of solution pH (from 7.5 to 8.7) and 2) Ni coprecipitation with calcite at pH = 6.2, pCO2 = 1 atm as a function of calcite growth rates (ranging from 10-8.2 to 10-7.3 mol m-2 s-1). Results show that the equilibrium fractionation factor, Δ60Nisolid-solution, for Ni adsorption on calcite is equal to -0.49 ± 0.16‰ and is pH - independent. Light Ni isotopes are also preferentially incorporated in calcite during its coprecipitation. The extent of Ni isotope fractionation decreases from -0.3 to -1 ‰ as the calcite precipitation rate increases from 10-8.2 to 10-7.3 .mol m-2 s-1. This behavior, due to the strong hydration of the Ni2+ aqua ion, may serve to approximate calcite precipitation rates and pCO2 in past oceans
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Bourdet, Julien Pironon Jacques. „Histoire de la diagenèse et des remplissages des réservoirs pétroliers carbonatés d'âge mésozoïque du bassin du Sud-Est mexicain Calage par l'approche expérimentale du comportement des inclusions fluides hydrocarbonées et aqueuses dans la calcite /“. S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0003_BOURDET.pdf.
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Bourdet, Julien. „Histoire de la diagenèse et des remplissages des réservoirs pétroliers carbonatés d'âge mésozoïque du bassin du Sud-Est mexicain : calage par l'approche expérimentale du comportement des inclusions fluides hydrocarbonées et aqueuses dans la calcite“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10003/document.
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AUne étude pétrographique et géochimique de carottes de 17 réservoirs carbonates pétroliers Mésozoïque au Sud du Golfe du Mexique, ont permis d’établir l’histoire de la diagenèse constituée principalement par une dolomitisation totale de la partie onshore centrale et de la partie offshore et par des étapes successives de fracturation et de cimentation. Les signatures isotopiques du carbone et de l’oxygène des ciments indiquent une augmentation de la température, puis un brusque changement de la nature des fluides à la transition ciments dolomitiques/ciments calcitiques. Une étude PVTX des inclusions fluides de ces ciments a permis de reconstruire leurs conditions PT de piégeage. Les outils analytiques et les procédures d’étude des inclusions fluides ont été adaptés aux minéraux fragiles. Des expérimentations en autoclaves ont permis d’étudier les modalités de piégeage et de rééquilibrage des inclusions fluides dans les minéraux fragiles. Les données de puits ont permis la reconstruction de l’histoire de l’enfouissement par l’utilisation de l’outil de modélisation PetroMod® 1D. La combinaison des résultats expérimentaux, des modèles 1D de puits et des résultats pétrographiques des échantillons mexicains a permis de dater l’arrivée des hydrocarbures dans les réservoirs entre 5,3 m.a. et 1 m.a.. Des épisodes de surpressions et de fracturations, influencés par l’activité diapirique du bassin plus intense dans la partie nord, ont abouti à la fuite des réservoirs au cours du Pliocène et du Pléistocène. L’étude est conclue par l’élaboration d’un modèle de fonctionnement des réservoirs très enfouis mexicains, transposable aux réservoirs très enfouis en contexte tectonique similaireA petrographic and geochemical study of 17 well-cores from Mesozoic oil carbonate reservoirs in southern Gulf of Mexico, allowed the reconstruction of the diagenetical history mostly consisting of a primarily total dolomitisation of the onshore intern part and of the offshore part and by successive fracturing and cementing stages. An isotopic signature of carbon and oxygen cements indicates a temperature increase, and then a sudden change in the nature of the fluids at the dolomite / calcite cements transition. A PVTX study based on fluid inclusion contents of these cements allowed reconstructions of their PT trapping conditions. Fluid inclusions analytical tools and procedures have been adapted to fragile minerals. Experiments in autoclaves were used to examine trapping and reequilibration of fluid inclusions in fragile minerals. The wells have allowed the reconstruction of the burial history using PetroMod® 1D modeling tool. The combination of experimental results, 1D well models and the analytical results performed on the Mexican samples helped to date the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the reservoirs between 5.3 and 1 m.y.. Episodes of overpressure and fracturing, influenced by the diapiric activity in the basin, more intense in the northern part, led to the leak of the reservoirs during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The study is concluded by the development of the evolution model of the Mexican deeply buried reservoirs, usable to other deeply buried reservoirs in similar tectonic context
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Das, Arindam. „Role of voltage-gated T-type calcium channels in the viability of human melanoma“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94498.
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En aquest treball de tesi hem estudiat per primera vegada l’expressió funcional dels canals de calci dependents de voltatge (CCDV) en melanòcits humans i un ampli rang de línies cel.lulars i biòpsies de melanoma humà, mitjançant tècniques de biologia molecular i d’imatge. Els nostres resultats demostren que els melanòcits control i les cèl.lules de melanoma expréssen isoformes de les famílies de gens Cav1 i Cav2. De forma destacable, l’expressió d’isoformes de la família Cav3 (canals de tipus T) es troba restringida a les cèl.lules de melanoma, en les que promouen la progressió del cicle cel.lular.
Aquests resultats motiven l’anàlisi dels CCDV-T com a dianes terapèutiques contra la tumorigènesi i/o progressió tumoral del melanoma. En aquesta línea, hem trobat que mibefradil i pimozida, dos bloquejants de CCDV-T d’us clínic, inhibeixen el creixement de les cèl.lules de melanoma in vitro, i que aquest efecte és degut tant a una reducció de la proliferació cel.lular, com a una inducció de la mort dependent de caspases. Hem explorat les vies moleculars implicades en el procés apoptòtic i hem trobat que ambdues drogues indueixen estrés de reticle endoplasmàtic (RE) i la inhibició subsequent de l’autofàgia basal constitutiva present a les cèl.lules de melanoma. Finalment, hem demostrat, a través del seu silenciament gènic, que la isoforma Cav3.2 és la diana molecular dels bloquejants de CCDV-T, en el que respecta als seus efectes sobre l’estrés de RE i l’autofàgia.
Conjuntament, els resultats obtinguts en el decurs d’aquesta tesi apunten als canals de tipus T como a possibles marcadors de pronòstic i/o dianes terapèutiques contra la metastasi del melanoma.Hemos estudiado por primera vez la expresión funcional de los canales de calcio voltaje-dependientes (CCDV) en melanocitos humanos y un amplio rango de líneas celulares y biopsias de melanoma humano, mediante técnicas de biología molecular y de imagen. Nuestros resultados demuestran que los melanocitos control y las células de melanoma expresan isoformas pertenecientes a las famílias de genes Cav1 y Cav2. De forma destacable, la expresión de isoformas de la família Cav3 (canales de tipo T) se encuentra restringida a las células de melanoma, en las que promueven la progresión del ciclo celular. Estos resultados motivan el análisis de los CCDV-T como dianas terapéuticas contra la tumorigénesis y/o progresión tumoral del melanoma. En esta línea, hemos encontrado que mibefradil y pimozida, dos bloqueantes de CCDV-T de uso clínico, inhiben el crecimiento de las células de melanoma in vitro, y que este efecto es debido tanto a una reducción de la proliferación celular como a una inducción de la muerte dependiente de caspasas. Hemos explorado las vías moleculares implicadas en el proceso apoptótico y hemos hallado que ambas drogas inducen estrés de retículo endoplasmático (RE) y la inhibición subsiguiente de la autofagia basal constitutiva presente en las células de melanoma. Finalmente, hemos demostrado, a través de su silenciamiento génico, que la isoforma Cav3.2 es la diana molecular de los bloqueantes de CCDV-T en lo concerniente a sus efectos sobre el estrés de retículo endoplasmático y la autofagia. Conjuntamente, los resultados obtenidos en el curso de esta tesis apuntan a los canales de tipo T como posibles marcadores de pronóstico y/o dianas terapéuticas contra la metástasis del melanoma.
We have addressed for the first time the functional expression of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in human melanocytes and a range of melanoma cell lines and biopsies, by molecular biology and imaging techniques. Our results show that control melanocytes and melanoma cells express channel isoforms belonging to the Cav1 and Cav2 gene families. Importantly, the expression of isoforms of Cav3 (T-type) channels is restricted to melanoma cells, in which they promote cell cycle progression. These results encourage the analysis of T-type VGCCs as targets for therapeutic intervention in melanoma tumorigenesis and ⁄or tumour progression. In this regard, we have found that mibefradil and pimozide, two clinically-used T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, inhibit the in vitro growth of melanoma cells, and that this effect is due to both a reduction in the cell proliferation rate and an induction of caspase-dependent cell death. We have further explored the molecular pathways leading to T-type channels blockers-mediated apoptosis, and found that both drugs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a subsequent inhibition of the basal autophagy present in melanoma cells. Finally, we have demonstrated by a gene silencing approach that the Cav3.2 isoform is the molecular target of T-type channel blocker mediated effects on ER-stress and autophagy. Altogether, the results attained in this thesis point to T-type Ca2+ channels as putative prognosis markers and/or therapeutic targets to tackle melanoma metastasis.
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Balke, Willem. „Calvin and the Anabaptist Radicals /“. Ann Arbor [Mich.] : UMI-Books on demand, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37006352v.
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Hales, Matthew Cameron. „Synthesis and characterisation of substituted smithsonite and calcite“. Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16643/.
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Carbonate minerals play a very important role in nature, they represent some of the most diverse and common mineral species on the Planet. They are directly involved in the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle acting as relatively stable long term chemical storage reservoirs, moderating both global warming trends and oceanaquatic chemistry through carbonate buffering systems. A range of synthetic metal carbonates have been synthesised for analysis under multiple experimental conditions, in order to study the variation in physical and chemical properties such as phase specificity, metal substitution, hydration/hydroxy carbonate formation under varying partial pressures of CO2 and thermal stability. Synthetic samples were characterised by a variety of instrumental analysis techniques in order to investigate chemical purity and phase specificity. Some of the techniques included, vibrational spectroscopy (IR/Raman), thermal analysis (TGA-MS) (thermal Raman), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). From the instrumental characterisation techniques, it was found that single phase smithsonite, hydrozincite, calcite and nesquehonite could successfully be synthesised under the conditions used. Minor impurities of other minerals and / or phases were found to form under specific chemical or physical conditions such as in the case of hydrozincite / simonkolleite if zinc chloride was used during hydrothermal synthesis.
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Pritchard, Keith L. „Fundamental processes governing calcite dissolution at high pH“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238178.
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Kjellander, Måns. „Formation and prevention of calcite scale at Dåvamyran“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109141.
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Mattioli, Federico. „Problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet per l'equazione del calore“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12042/.
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In quest'elaborato si risolve il problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet per l'equazione del calore, prendendo come oggetto d'esame una sbarra omogenea. Nel primo capitolo si studiano le serie di Fourier reali a partire dalle serie trigonometriche; vengono dati, poi, i principali risultati di convergenza puntuale, uniforme ed in L^2 e si discute l'integrabilità termine a termine di una serie di Fourier.
Il secondo capitolo tratta la convergenza secondo Cesàro, le serie di Fejèr ed i principali risultati di convergenza di queste ultime. Nel terzo, ed ultimo, capitolo si risolve il Problema di Cauchy-Dirichlet, distinguendo i casi in cui il dato iniziale sia di classe C^1 o solo continuo; nel secondo caso si propone una risoluzione basata sulle serie di Fejér e sul concetto di barriera ed una utilizzando il nucleo di Green per l'equazione del calore.
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Roure, Calebe de [Verfasser]. „Current topics in financial stability / Calebe de Roure“. Frankfurt am Main : Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1151234095/34.
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Croley, Allison L. „THE ARAGONITE TO CALCITE TRANSFORMATION: A LABORATORY STUDY“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1038431567.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geology, 2002.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-40).
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Geissbühler, Marc Phillip. „X-ray interfacial crystallography of water on calcite /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9634.
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Zahedi, Marjan. „Novel binary calcia-alumina systems for device applications“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/368.
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The room temperature sol-gel processing technique was employed for the first time in the present work to fabricate the novel binary compound of the calcia-alumina (C12A7) system consisting of calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in a 12:7 ratio. The highest level of homogeneity and transparency of the C12A7 solution in ethanol was achieved by optimizing pH values, reaction dynamics and modified precursor structures. Studies were performed on this binary oxide in both thin film and powder forms. By using High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction (HTXRD) and Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA), phase transformations in C12A7 powder were examined in situ under continuous heat treatment from room temperature to 1200°C. The samples were found to be amorphous at room temperature. As the temperature was increased, crystallisation was completed at 1100°C. The purity of C12A7 and the removal of redundant chemical by-products were confirmed by independent Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopic measurements. C12A7 thin films were spin coated on single crystal MgO <100> substrates and the effect of heat treatment on crystallinity were investigated using XRD. Initial signs of the crystallisation of C12A7 thin film were observed at 800˚C and the complete crystallisation was achieved on heat treatment at 1100°C for 3 hours. Optical absorption spectroscopy measurements were made in the UV-Visible region and experimental data were analyzed to evaluate the dependence of the band structure of C12A7 crystalline phase on annealing temperature.
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Sueoka, Wilson. „Cristalização de carbonato de calcio em suportes solidos“. [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250429.
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Orientador: Ines JoekesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
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Sánchez, Zita Elena Lagos. „Escala Calidez de Enfermagem (ECAE): construção e validação“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-21092018-120904/.
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Introdução: Calor humano (calidez em espanhol) é um atributo de grande importância na saúde, mas pouco estudado. Não existe um conceito universalmente aceito sobre calor humano, quais os fatores que o compõem ou como medi-lo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar os comportamentos e fatores de calor humano, construir definição desse construto e uma escala para medí-lo. Método: Estudo metodológica para construir e validar uma escala. Foi desenvolvido em três fases, de acordo com o proposto por Pasquali. Na fase de procedimentos teóricos foram identificados na literatura e por meio de entrevistas a 23 pacientes e 25 enfermeiras, comportamentos representativos de calor humano em enfermagem. Na fase empírica, esses comportamentos foram testados junto a pacientes internados. A fase analítica foi a identificação de fatores e das propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: A escala foi testada em 476 pacientes de instituições públicas e privadas. A análise psicométrica foi realizada utilizando o método de factores comuns, eixos principais e a rotação oblíqua. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória identificou 5 fatores e 35 itens e o Alfa de Cronbach testo a confiabilidade. Os fatores foram: F1-Conexão- relação não-verbal para o outro ( =0,943), F2-Empatia ( =0,909), F3- Conexão- relação verbal para o outro ( =0,914), F4- Inclusão ( =0,858) e F5- Confiança ( =0,852). O Alfa Cronbach total foi 0,93. O Índice de Tucker Lewis foi de 0,901. É possível obter-se escore por fator e total da ECAE e quando mais alto o escore, maior o calor humano. Após as fases teórica, empirica e analítica do estudo o conceito de calor humano foi estabelecido como O calorhumano é a capacidade de estabelecer e manter um relacionamento próximo e acolhedor que demonstre por meio de comportamentos verbais e não verbais, conexão e relacionamento com os outros, empatia, inclusão e confiança, de modo que, para o outro, significa uma experiência agradável. Conclusão: Construíu-se a Escala de Calor Humano em Enfermagem (ECAE), propos-se o conceito de calor humano em enfermagem e chave de escore para medir esse fenômeno. Trata-se de contribuição original que pode ser útil na clínica, ensino e pesquisa para a avaliação das competências interpessoais em enfermagem.Introduction: Warmth is an important attribute in health care; however, it is a scarcely studied phenomenon. There is no universally accepted concept of warmth, component description and/or measurement. The purposes of this research were to identify behaviors and factors associated with warmth, build a definition of this construct and a scale to measure it. Method: Methodological study about the building and validation of a measurement scale, developed in three phases, as proposed by Pasquali. In the theoretical phase, behaviors associated with warmth in nursing were identified by reviewing the literature and interviewing 23 patients and 25 nurses. In the empirical phase, these behaviors were tested with inpatients. In the analytical phase, factors and psychometric properties were identified. Results: The scale was applied to 476 patients of public and private institutions. The psychometric analysis was performed using the common factor method, main axes and oblique rotation. The Exploratory Factor Analysis identified 5 factors and 35 items, and Cronbachs Alpha measured reliability. The factors were: F1 - Non-verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.943), F2 - Empathy (=0.909), F3 - Verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.914), F4 - Inclusion (=0.858) and F5 - Confidence (=0.852). The total Cronbachs Alpha was 0.93. The Tucker-Lewis index was 0.901. It is possible to obtain a score by factor and by total, and the higher the score, the higher the human warmth. After the theoretical, empirical and analytical phases of the study, the construct was established as warmth is the ability to establish and maintain a close, welcoming relationship that demonstrates, through verbal and non-verbal behaviors, connection and relationship with the other person, empathy, inclusion and confidence, so that it finally means a pleasant experience for the other person. Conclusion: The Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE) was developed, and a concept of warmth in nursing and a measurement scale were proposed. It is an original contribution that may be useful in clinical practices, teaching and research for the evaluation of interpersonal skills in nursing.
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Siveris, Daiane. „Política de constituição do dicionário Caldas Aulete Digital“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179407.
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Nesta pesquisa tivemos como objetivo explicitar a política de constituição do Dicionário Caldas Aulete Digital a partir da compreensão do funcionamento da concepção de língua veiculada nesse dicionário, uma vez que esta se constitui na tensão entre infraestrutura e superestrutura. Analisamos o funcionamento do conceito de língua na relação entre infraestrutura e superestrutura; compreendemos o conceito de política e suas relações com o sentido; apresentamos as especificidades e as condições de produção do Dicionário Caldas Aulete Digital, pensando a reformulação, do Dicionário Houaiss e do Dicionário Aurélio para entender que relações se estabelecem entre esses diferentes dicionários e buscamos apresentar o espaço de reformulação na articulação com as práticas sociais. O percurso teórico desenvolvido teve por base o materialismo histórico e dialético, perpassando também pelos estudos filológicos, estudos linguísticos estruturalistas e culminando nos estudos discursivos. Com os estudos filológicos de Michel Bréal, entendemos que a linguagem reflete o homem, suas vontades e seus desejos, remontando à condição humana de sujeito histórico e responsável pelas mudanças em uma língua. Os estudos linguísticos estruturalistas de Ferdinand de Saussure apontam a língua como objeto abstrato, cujas alterações ocorrem no deslocamento da relação entre o significante e o significado, sem qualquer interferência externa à língua, limitando-se o objeto língua, portanto, a um sistema estável. Os estudos materialistas de Mikhail Bakhtin/Valentin Volochínov abordam a linguagem enquanto materialidade, cujas condições de uso remetem aos sentidos, logo em funcionamento na realidade concreta de uso. Nos estudos discursivos de Michel Pêcheux, o conceito de língua está articulado ao de discurso, para o qual a língua serve de suporte para a realização dos efeitos de sentido. O conceito de política abordado a partir de Hannah Arendt está articulado ao de liberdade e é a criação do novo, do inesperado, é ação plural, sendo inerente à condição humana. Para Jacques Rancière, a política se instaura com o dano e este desfaz a ordem policial instituída, rompendo com a configuração da sociedade em que se definem as parcelas. Na teoria de Michel Pêcheux, observamos que a política se relaciona com o conceito de formação discursiva, pois é nesta que as palavras adquirem seus sentidos a partir da inscrição dos sujeitos em determinada formação ideológica. Para as análises, selecionamos verbetes que contribuíssem para ilustrar as relações infraestruturais e superestruturais que se estabelecem na produção do dicionário, bem como que possibilitassem a articulação com os conceitos estudados. As análises centraram-se, ainda, nos projetos da editora Lexikon e permitiram apresentar que no projeto inicial de produção dicionarística visava-se a uma obra aberta, de dicionarização da língua viva, isto é, a língua em funcionamento na sociedade, reflexo das práticas dos sujeitos na infraestrutura e na superestrutura, cuja contribuição era estendida aos sujeitos falantes da língua, leigos quanto aos critérios lexicográficos de constituição de um dicionário. No projeto seguinte, reformulado, há um retorno aos dicionários clássicos e tradicionais, pois há um controle sobre a dicionarização na medida em que o sujeito das forças orgânicas não pode mais contribuir com a produção desse dicionário, e a tarefa da lexicalização da língua retorna aos lexicógrafos, sujeitos academicamente instruídos para tal.In this research we have aimed to explicit the politics of constitution of Caldas Aulete Digital Dictionary, starting from the comprehension of the functioning of the concept of language assumed in this dictionary, since this language is constituted by the tension between infrastructure and superstructure. We analyzed the functioning of the concept of language in the relationship between infrastructure and superstructure; we comprehended the concept of politics and its relations with meaning; we pointed the specificities and the conditions of production of Caldas Aulete Digital Dictionary, considering the reformulation of Houaiss Dictionary and Aurélio Dictionary in order to understand what relations are established between these different dictionaries, and we sought to present this space of reformulation in the articulation with social practices. The theoretical course developed was based on historical and dialectical materialism, also going through philological studies, structuralist linguistic studies, culminating in discursive studies. With Michel Bréal’s philological studies, we understand that language reflects the human being, its wills and desires, reinforcing the human condition of historical subject, responsible for changes in a language. The structuralist linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure point to language as an abstract object, whose alterations occur in the displacement of the relation between the signifier and the signified, without any language external interference, thus limiting the language object to a stable system. Materialistic studies of Mikhail Bakhtin / Valentin Volochínov approach language as materiality, whose conditions of use refer to meaning, therefore, in functioning in the concrete reality of use. In discursive studies of Michel Pêcheux, the concept of language is articulated to the concept of discourse, to which the language serves as support for the accomplishment of the effects of meaning. The concept of politics taken from Hannah Arendt is articulated to the notion of freedom and it is the creation of the new, the unexpected, it is plural action and inherent to the human condition. To Jacques Rancière, politics is established with the damage and this damage undoes the police order instituted, breaking with the configuration of the society in which social classes are defined. In Michel Pêcheux’s theory, we observe that politics is related to the concept of discursive formation, as the words acquire their meaning inserted in such discursive formation, from the inscription of the subjects in a certain ideological formation. For the analysis, we selected entries which could contribute to illustrate the infrastructural and superstructural relations that are established in the production of the dictionary, as well as entries that could enable the relation with the concepts addressed. Such analysis also focused in the projects of Lexikon editor and allowed to present that in the initial project of the dictionary production an open work was aimed; a work of living language in the dictionary, that is, the functioning language in society, as a reflection of the practice of the subjects in infrastructure and superstructure, whose contribution was extended to the language speaking subjects, lay people when it comes to lexicographic criteria of the constitution of a dictionary. In the following project, redesigned, there is a return to classical and traditional dictionaries, as there is a control on the entries inclusion in the extent that the subject of organic forces can no longer contribute to the production of such dictionary, and the task of lexical establishment returns to lexicographers, subjects who are academically instructed to do so.
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Chatterjee, Sabyasachi. „Calcite and Calcium Oxalate Sequestration of Heavy Metals“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/50093.
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EngineeringPh.D.
Heavy metals like cadmium, lead and zinc pose a significant threat to human health and environment. Several factors such as pH, EH, organic matter and clay content of the soil affect the bioavailability of such heavy metals in the environment. The presence of several naturally occurring minerals such as calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) and calcium oxalate (CaC2O4.) in the environment significantly influence the fate and transport of some of the heavy metal cations. Sequestration of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from solution by calcite has been clearly demonstrated in the literature. However, studies on heavy metal sequestration by calcite and calcium oxalate from a multi-metal environmental that represents real world situations are rare. In this contribution, column flow studies of Cd and Zn sequestration by calcite exposed to influent solutions saturated or non-saturated with calcite and containing either 1 mg/L of Cd, 1 mg/L of Zn or combined 1 mg/L of Zn and Cd, followed by desorption of the sequestered metals were conducted. Complementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data were generated. Kinetic studies show that reaction rates of Cd and Zn with calcite are governed by a simple rate law with reaction orders of less than 1 (0.02 - 0.07) indicating at least mathematically, the occurrence of reactions that went to completion if the reaction orders did not change. When the influent solution contains a single cation, the rate of Zn removal from solution by calcite and calcium oxalate is greater than Cd removal rate. However in a multi-cation environment, cadmium removal rate was greater than zinc removal rate. MINTEQA2 a geochemical equilibrium speciation model was used to compute the equilibrium between the various species in the cation-calcite environment. Complimentary desorption studies and surface SEM/EDS analysis indicate that the removal of Cd and Zn from solution by calcite and calcium oxalate is probably due to precipitation/complexation reaction. The SEM and EDS results appear to confirm the presence of a precipitate on the mineral surface in the case of the influent solution containing Zn. The current research also examines the effect of citrate, a commonly present urinary tract species on calcium oxalate dissolution. The dissolution studies indicate that citrate solution is capable of dissolving sodium oxalate at high pH. The dissolution of calcium oxalate results in the release of heavy metals that were previously sequestered within the mineral. Results show that a greater percentage of zinc was removed than cadmium, from calcium oxalate due to its dissolution by citrate.
Temple University--Theses
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Silva, Élsio Ruben Lucas da. „Centro para a criatividade das Caldas da Rainha“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13626.
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