Dissertationen zum Thema „Cadre de Gouvernance de l'IA“
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Haidar, Ahmad. „Responsible Artificial Intelligence : Designing Frameworks for Ethical, Sustainable, and Risk-Aware Practices“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2024/interne/2024UPASI008.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArtificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the world, redefining the relationship between technology and society. This thesis investigates the critical need for responsible and sustainable development, governance, and usage of AI and Generative AI (GAI). The study addresses the ethical risks, regulatory gaps, and challenges associated with AI systems while proposing actionable frameworks for fostering Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI) and Responsible Digital Innovation (RDI).The thesis begins with a comprehensive review of 27 global AI ethical declarations to identify dominant principles such as transparency, fairness, accountability, and sustainability. Despite their significance, these principles often lack the necessary tools for practical implementation. To address this gap, the second study in the research presents an integrative framework for RAI based on four dimensions: technical, AI for sustainability, legal, and responsible innovation management.The third part of the thesis focuses on RDI through a qualitative study of 18 interviews with managers from diverse sectors. Five key dimensions are identified: strategy, digital-specific challenges, organizational KPIs, end-user impact, and catalysts. These dimensions enable companies to adopt sustainable and responsible innovation practices while overcoming obstacles in implementation.The fourth study analyzes emerging risks from GAI, such as misinformation, disinformation, bias, privacy breaches, environmental concerns, and job displacement. Using a dataset of 858 incidents, this research employs binary logistic regression to examine the societal impact of these risks. The results highlight the urgent need for stronger regulatory frameworks, corporate digital responsibility, and ethical AI governance. Thus, this thesis provides critical contributions to the fields of RDI and RAI by evaluating ethical principles, proposing integrative frameworks, and identifying emerging risks. It emphasizes the importance of aligning AI governance with international standards to ensure that AI technologies serve humanity sustainably and equitably
Aljubeili, Ayman. „La gouvernance de l'entreprise bancaire : l'impact du cadre institutionnel“. Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa gouvernance de l'entreprise bancaire est différente de celle des autre types de firmes. Les mécanismes de gouvernance sont plutôt issus des règles légales que délaissés aux forces du marché. Les entrepreneurs organisationnels, qui sont principalement les dirigeants des banques, peuvent influencer les institutions, afin d'élargir l'ensemble de choix stratégiques issu de la perception des opportunités offertes. Cette perception est fonction de leur schéma mental individuel différent du schéma collectif. Le changement institutionnel résultant est souvent de nature progressive et rarement radicale. Le cas du changement institutionnel du secteur bancaire syrien depuis 2001 est étudié par une étude de cas multiple d'un échantillon de 8 banques syriennes. Les résultats montrent que ces banques adoptent désormais deux stratégies : la diversification et l'introduction de nouvelle technologie. Leur performance est mesurée en termes de résultats financiers, critère de choix dans une économie de marché
Gagnon, Francis. „Réhabilitation et conservation dans le cadre d'une gouvernance de l'eau : l'exemple d'organismes de bassin versant“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27260/27260.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLillo, Alexandre. „The Shape of Water : la construction d'un cadre juridique de gestion de l'eau au Canada“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarfatta, Riadh. „Actionnariat salarié et création de valeur dans le cadre d'une gouvernance actionnariale et partenariale : application au contexte français“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596528.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBel, Kefi Rym. „Ouverture économique et bonne gouvernance dans le cadre du partenariat euro-méditerranéen : cas de la Tunisie et du Maroc“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is about the progress of the openness to trade started in 1995 and 1996 respectively by Tunisia and Morocco with the European Union and about its impact on the quality of governance in both countries. The thesis is composed by two parts. The first one is dedicated to the review of the theoretical litterature on economic openness and good governance. The second part presents the survey of the cases of Morocco and Tunisia, within the framework of their trade openness. We demonstrate that, even though economic openness and good governance are correlated in the long term, the commitment in a free trade area is destabilizing, at least in the short term, and may cause a deterioration of the governance indicators. Although having measured the imperatives of the new world dynamics and having adopted its rules, Morocco and Tunisia opted for a moderate and orderly strategy of change. Positive actions are visible, notably in the fields of the rule of law, political stability, and the fight against corruption. But considering the short-term destabilizing impact of openness, these countries made the choice of a "change in the continuity "
Abdi, Khaireh Hassan. „L'audit externe des établissements publics djiboutiens : analyse descriptive de la demande d'audit externe dans le cadre de la gouvernance publique“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyzes the place of the audit, more particularly the external audit, in the evolution of governance of the public organizations in Djibouti which began for more than fifteen years. This study is also bringing answers on the forms of audit which are associated to this evolution of the governance.To do it, this search proposes, having proposed a frame of analysis of the governance and the systems of external control in which evolve the Djiboutian public institutions, to show the essential place of the external audit in the governance of these public institutions as mechanism of regulation of conflicts between the main actors of the public administration
Vallée, Olivier. „La construction d'un discours de la corruption dans le cadre de la mondialisation : les cas du cameroun et du Nigeria“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010316.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeblanc, Raymond. „Le groupe de travail sur l'écoconditionnalité dans le secteur agricole au Québec une analyse des résultats dans le cadre d'une théorie de la gouvernance“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaadaoui, Latifa. „La gouvernance du processus d'innovation : Cas de la valorisation non alimentaire des agro-ressources dans le cadre d'un pôle de compétitivité“. Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow to organize collective action to be innovative ? is a burning question for organization, territories and States. Through a definition of innovation process in terms of knowledge and relationships between actors, we try to explore the governance arrangements of collective action in non-food use of agro-resources in the particular context of a French competitiveness cluster « le pôle de compétitivité IAR». This cluster was initiated in France in order to improve industrial performance through innovation and promoting industry-research relationships in a territory. To do so, we use a qualitative methodology with a case study approach of two projects. As interested by the two levels cluster and project, we see how the characteristics of the innovation process affect the building and dynamics of governance. We emphasize the importance of the coupling scientific / relational governance and the functional complementarity of its mechanisms. The articulation of these different levels refers to the complementarity of their roles in the innovation process and of their governance mechanisms
Bouquet, Laurent. „« La collectivité locale, sujet de droit international et européen ? » : étude sur l’évolution statutaire des entités infra-étatiques dans le cadre d'une nouvelle gouvernance“. Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMD010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is part of a broad process of questioning the pre-eminence of "stato-centered" logic. The local level informs us about this upheaval, in particular with regard to the actions it carries out outside the state figure, and the lessons to be drawn from it. The present study is therefore seen as an invitation to overcome many ambivalences towards "territorial power". In particular, this theoretical consideration that sub-state communities are merely organic extensions of states, when they are apprehended outside the national normative framework to carry out the analysis. The practice observed in many parts of the world is gradually turning into a different conclusion. From a functional point of view, sub-state entities appear more like subjects of law - which they already constitute fully within their internal legal order - rather than the objects of law
Miqueu, Claude. „La nécessaire évolution de la gouvernance des cycles de l'eau : exemples, dans le bassin de l'Adour, de l'évolution juridique, territoriale et fonctionnelle des gestions des milieux aquatiques du grand et du petit cycle de l'eau“. Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe European Water Framework Directive, its daughter directives and their transposition into French law, territorialise water policy via water bodies; and demand results in terms of good water status within a restricted timetable and using an integrated, balanced and sustainable management of the resource in each basin. Drawing on examples from the Adour basin, this paper studies the necessary legal evolution in the management of water and aquatic environments. Water policy (protection, exploitation and management) is of general interest, but it is also heavily influenced by other policies: concerning notably agriculture, industry and tourism. To fail to address all these with a systemic cross-sector approach is to deprive us of global solutions – which risks us not fulfilling our obligation to obtain results. In addition, the new governance of the short and long water cycles, now joined, is defined in three dimensions: legal, political and financial. It must evolve in the context of a modernisation of public activity, in order to resolve today’s complexity “dysfunctional” caused by the difficult interaction between residents, local authorities, consumers and the state. The proposed legal solutions, within a simplified procedural framework, must be organised around an assertive state, giving the lead, accompanied by an organisation based on partnership and infra-territorial operations, and shared management
Le, Breton Karine. „La culture judiciaire kinoise comme cadre de refondation de la justice au Congo“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010288.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlbouaini, Khaled. „Contribution à la compréhension de l'Audit Expectation Gap dans le cadre d'une gouvernance d'entreprise élargie : le cas du commissariat aux comptes dans le contexte français“. Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe changing framework of corporate governance within the last few years, especially which related to the financial scandals beginning with the Enron's collapse, maybe has an important effect over the auditor's role. This one is considered as one of mechanism of external control that gets his legitimacy from the information needs of stakeholders interested by it in order to take there decisions. We examine inside this framework the shifting of perceptions that may exist between the stakeholders and the auditors, phenomenon names "Audit Expectation Gap" (AEG). For this purpose, we suggest to use the stakeholders theory as a complementary to the agency theory. After the analysis of the literature on this subject, we have found that the independance, the competencies, the nature, the responsability and the communication represent the mains elements that characterize the AEG and organising our model of analysis. In testing our model on a sample of french auditors and audit report users in 2009, we have found that the AEG in France can be determined by the ambiguous nature of audit and there responsability framework. Thus, our research illustrates the need of the auditing profession in order to coherent with the different transformations in the actual context of corporate governance. Throw apprehending the audit as a mechanism of governance throw a large vision : demonstrating the elements characterizing the shifting of perceptions between stakeholders and auditors : offering some ways of evolution to the auditing profession, our research presents some thinking elements about the necessary fluctuations of audit in a context marked by deep changing in the informative, business, institutional regulatory and normative nature
Ben, Arfa Nouha. „Activisme actionnarial des hedge funds et création de valeur dans le cadre de la gouvernance actionnariale et partenariale d'entreprise : application au cas des entreprises françaises“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to analyse the role of hedge fund (HF) activism in corporate governanceand French firms value creation. The reflections devoted the theory of governance haveenabled us to provide first elements to our central question. The exploratory study allowed usto determine a French model of HF activism. Our hypothetical-deductive approach enabledus to develop a typical profile of a target-listed firm and to examine the determinants of themarket reaction before measuring the effect of HF activism on value creation. The resultsshow that HF activism is causing new organizational equilibrium situations. However, it isopposed by the reluctance of the control coalition due to French governance and legalcontext. Hence, the exorbitant costs of activism in addition to entrenchment problems andinvestors wait-and-see attitude on the French market. As opposed to traditional investors, HFactivism appears as an efficient alternative control mechanism, where some shareholder andstakeholder governance mechanisms seem to be insufficiently disciplinary. Still, HF activismis unable to encourage the reluctant control coalition to act in the firms’ stakeholders’interest. In France, the controlling and family shareholders are opposed to HF activism. It ismore difficult for them to act as they do in American firms where capital is not locked. Thevalue creation is thus confined to managerial power over HF activism
Blouin, Genest Gabriel. „Les politiques internationales de gouvernance des enjeux de sécurité sanitaire : Analyse de la négociation, pratique et contestation de la gouvernance globale de la santé dans le cadre du Règlement Sanitaire International de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé de 2005“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoridan-Baudrier, Audrey. „Coûts de coordination, structures de gouvernance réglementaire et environnement institutionnel : une analyse économique néo-institutionnelle de la mise en oeuvre du cadre réglementaire européen des communications électroniques“. Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoridan-Baudrier, Audrey. „Coûts de coordination, structures de gouvernance réglementaire et environnement institutionnel : une analyse économique néo-institutionnelle de la mise en œuvre du cadre réglementaire européen des communications électroniques“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette problématique nous a conduit à mobiliser les concepts de la théorie des coûts de transaction et à adopter une approche contractuelle de la régulation. Notre analyse pointe l'influence de l'environnement institutionnel européen sur le choix des modalités de mise en oeuvre de la régulation des marchés pertinents. Partant d'une analyse comparative des formes possibles de la régulation, nous défendons la thèse que la structure de gouvernance issue de la réforme répond au besoin de garanties face à l'incertitude, au pouvoir discrétionnaire et au risque d'opportunisme dans un contexte incertain. La dispersion des pouvoirs et des compétences apparaît délibérée. Elle sert des intérêts légitimes comme l'équilibre des pouvoirs et la transparence des relations entre les autorités nationales de régulation et de la concurrence, les institutions européennes et les acteurs du marché.
Toussaint, Marion. „Une contribution à l'industrie 4.0 : un cadre pour sécuriser l'échange de données standardisées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent digital transformation of the manufacturing world has resulted in numerous benefits, from higher quality products to enhanced productivity and shorter time to market. In this digital world, data has become a critical element in many critical decisions and processes within and across organizations. Data exchange is now a key process for the organizations' communication, collaboration, and efficiency. Industry 4.0 adoption of modern communication technologies has made this data available and shareable at a quicker rate than we can consume or track it. This speed brings significant challenges such as data interoperability and data traceability, two interdependent challenges that manufacturers face and must understand to adopt the best position to address them. On one hand, data interoperability challenges delay faster innovation and collaboration. The growing volume of data exchange is associated with an increased number of heterogeneous systems that need to communicate with and understand each other. Information standards are a proven solution, yet their long and complex development process impedes them from keeping up with the fast-paced environment they need to support and provide interoperability for, slowing down their adoption. This thesis proposes a transition from predictive to adaptive project management with the use of Agile methods to shorten the development iterations and increase the delivery velocity, increasing standards adoption. While adaptive environments have shown to be a viable solution to align standards with the fast pace of industry innovation, most project requirements management solutions have not evolved to accommodate this change. This thesis also introduces a model to support better requirement elicitation during standards development with increased traceability and visibility. On the other hand, data-driven decisions are exposed to the speed at which tampered data can propagate through organizations and corrupt these decisions. With the mean time to identify (MTTI) and mean time to contain (MTTC) such a threat already close to 300 days, the constant growth of data produced and exchanged will only push the MTTI and MTTC upwards. While digital signatures have already proven their use in identifying such corruption, there is still a need for formal data traceability framework to track data exchange across large and complex networks of organizations to identify and contain the propagation of corrupted data. This thesis analyses existing cybersecurity frameworks, their limitations, and introduces a new standard-based framework, in the form of an extended NIST CSF profile, to prepare against, mitigate, manage, and track data manipulation attacks. This framework is also accompanied with implementation guidance to facilitate its adoption and implementation by organizations of all sizes
Chbane, Abdellah. „Le cadre juridique de la gestion déléguée des services publics au Maroc“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA020004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of our thesis was to analyse the initial state and then the evolution of the Moroccan legislation in the field of delegated public service management. The call made to the private sector within the framework of public-private partnerships for the management of water supply, electricity and liquid sanitation services was initiated in Morocco in 1997 and often took the legal form of "delegated management" via the Law 54-05 of 2006. In this thesis, we will examine the case of France as a pioneering example in Europe, and the one of an Arab-African country, Morocco. The study of these two experiments provides a comparative view of the problem of delegated management.In the French case, it is a question of observing the foundations of a system that has become an exported model. By taking into account in the Moroccan case first what public service was in the Moroccan and Islamic tradition, then what it became during the French protectorate and finally, by analysing what was the stage of public ownership during decolonisation and then the impact of the "French model of delegated management". By studying this model, which was first born quite spontaneously in Morocco in the absence of a coherent legal framework, and then its gradual but nevertheless accelerated adaptation. We studied the evolution of the law and its spirit in Morocco and the challenges that legislators now face in meeting the requirements of a young, demanding and conscious society aware of the forms that the evolution of the economy and law is taking throughout the world. What now requires a new transformation of the Moroccan legislation that must take into account the need to form new legal check and balances
Tulmets, Elsa. „La conditionnalité dans la politique d'élargissement de l'Union européenne à l'Est : un cadre d'apprentissages et de socialisation mutuelle ?“ Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter the definition of conditions for accession to the European Union (EU) in 1993, the enlargement policy towards the East was deemed to be asymmetrical and unilateral. The reform of 1997 allowed scholars to identify the introduction of a new mode of governance. How far is this thesis founded? A raw of empirical elements collected between 2000 and 2004 give ground to following hypothesis: the EU transferred an internal governance method based on interaction – the open method of coordination (OMC) – in order to solve the capacity expectation gaps encountered in its external environment. Previous enlargements show that internal modes of governance – intergovernmentalism, economic regulation, Monnet method – always inspired the Commission to cope with contradictions. Therefore, how far did conditionality represent a frame for mutual learning and socialisation after 1997? The constructivist approach of cognitive and action frames helps to deconstruct three virtues of governance by knowledge: the consistency and internal legitimacy of the enlargement policy stayed unaccomplished; implementation of reforms in the accession states were limited due to legacies of the past; mechanisms for mutual learning and socialisation gave way to the common definition of the cognitive and action frames of internal and external EU policies. But convergence on values did not hinder internal tensions on the meaning a Europe of Twenty-Five should be given
Grossmann, Anna-Clémentine. „Le management territorial, un cadre dynamique pour la gouvernance d'un service public : le cas du service public de distribution d’eau potable dans les départements des Bouches-du-Rhône et de l’Hérault“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research is in the core of the sustainable city issues. The current context of improving management efficiency of public services, including local utilities, will raise issues relating to the quality and performance of these utilities. On the other hand, water management, through the issues of sustainable territorial development, agenda 21, associated with the question of the water resource scarcity, is one of the major challenges facing managers of local authorities. This research deals with the whole water governance as an element which can be considered as a lever in a territory development. By taking position in the core of an urban comprehensive ecosystem, we aim to deal with one of the sub-ecosystems componements, the one related to water. We focus our research on all aspects of water distribution public service governance, making up this "sub ecosystem". Through our study, we will therefore seek to determine whether or not would be possible to characterize an ecosystem on the governance of a public drinking water supply, which can lead to better managerial efficiency with the coordination of stakeholders and decision-makers, and playing a leading role in terms of territorial management. Our concern will be the example of drinking water distribution within the Bouches-du-Rhone and Herault areas
Grossmann, Anna-Clémentine. „Le management territorial, un cadre dynamique pour la gouvernance d'un service public : le cas du service public de distribution d’eau potable dans les départements des Bouches-du-Rhône et de l’Hérault“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research is in the core of the sustainable city issues. The current context of improving management efficiency of public services, including local utilities, will raise issues relating to the quality and performance of these utilities. On the other hand, water management, through the issues of sustainable territorial development, agenda 21, associated with the question of the water resource scarcity, is one of the major challenges facing managers of local authorities. This research deals with the whole water governance as an element which can be considered as a lever in a territory development. By taking position in the core of an urban comprehensive ecosystem, we aim to deal with one of the sub-ecosystems componements, the one related to water. We focus our research on all aspects of water distribution public service governance, making up this "sub ecosystem". Through our study, we will therefore seek to determine whether or not would be possible to characterize an ecosystem on the governance of a public drinking water supply, which can lead to better managerial efficiency with the coordination of stakeholders and decision-makers, and playing a leading role in terms of territorial management. Our concern will be the example of drinking water distribution within the Bouches-du-Rhone and Herault areas
Bruno, Isabelle. „Déchiffrer l'"Europe compétitive" : étude du benchmarking comme technique de coordination intergouvernementale dans le cadre de la stratégie de Lisbonne“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis deals with the political implications of using benchmarking as a technique of intergovernmental co-ordination in the framework of the Lisbon strategy. The first part the course of this managerial tool, developed by Japanese industry in the fifties, and then codified by quality management in the United States. Imported in state administration by the New Public Management, this means of steering and monitoring organizations has spread in the European Union through the Industry DG and the ERT. In March 2000, the heads of state or government set benchmarking as the centerpiece of a decennial program, in order to make the EU « become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world ». Cornerstone of the « open method of co-ordination, benchmarking consists in assessing comparatively national performances. This exercise is based on statistical indicators, scoreboards and international charts. By mediating the intergovernmental relations, it is supposed to generate emulation and prompt decision-makers to arrange business-friendly regulatory environment. The second part presents two empirical case studies which shed light on the way benchmarking guides the European construction. The one shows how it shapes the « European Research Area » as a competitiveness-oriented market. The other brings out its failures as a social inclusion catalyst
Radi, Youness. „L'accès aux soins de santé en milieu rural au Maroc : une étude de la gouvernance et de l’instrumentation de l'action publique dans le cadre de l’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain (INDH)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman development is a multi-dimensional issue that has become important in Morocco, a flagship public program, aimed at addressing its different dimensions, was launched in 2005, the "National Initiative for Human Development", spanning several years , endowed with multi-level governance, it has allowed a notable improvement in many areas, however, inequalities between urban and rural areas persist, particularly in the area of access to health care, which is a major component of human development.In order to understand the limited results of the INDH in the field of access to care in rural areas, we studied this public program in its first and second phase of deployment (2005-2018), and we found dysfunctions at the level of its organizational structure of governance, thus creating problems of favoritism and conflict of interest during its process of instrumentation, we also noted a fragile and limited citizen participation within the framework of its governance. In addition, our research also reveals the specificity of this public program, with its hybrid organizational form through its role of interministerial coordination, ineffective because of its weak meta-organizational governance, which does not allow it - consequently - to increase the scope of its results in the area of access to care in rural environment.The results of our research also show us that the public program of the INDH has been positively impacted by its institutional pressures which it has undergone, this institutional influence has created isomorphic changes of a corrective and mimetic nature, which have favored the deployment of instruments of control at the level of its governance in order to correct the dysfunctions of its instrumentation process on the one hand, and on the other hand, these changes have made it possible to strengthen participation as an instrument for designing and legitimizing its public actions.Our research work will contribute to the understanding of the key success factors of public actions through their governance dynamics and their instrumentation process
Sako, Alassane. „Réflexion sur le cadre juridique des marchés publics internationaux dans les stratégies de développement“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInternational public procurement holds a central role in official development assistance flows. As the channel for the execution of development projects, it is a link between the States and entities benefiting from the financing and the holders of those financing, whether they are specialized multilateral institutions or within the framework of bilateral relations. In the same way, it stands at the crossroads of relations between the afore-mentioned actors and those of the private sector which compete to obtain these markets.Our study aims to identify in its formulation, its content and its orientation, the legal framework of this flagship instrument of development strategies, while questioning it in relation to the challenges of said development.Our analysis shows that the formulation and evolution of the legal framework for international public procurement are determined by many issues. These extend beyond the development of the beneficiary countries to embrace the global issues of international trade and those specific to the preservation of the interests of the stakeholders in the financing. It follows that it is a legal framework marked by a strong imprint of the singularities of international economic law. It is also characterized by a clear trend towards harmonization.In the context of international public procurement, it is notable that the international harmonization of the legal framework uses the regional channel which facilitates the implementation of the objectives of international actors while responding to certain problems specific to national levels. In this perspective, the preexisting regional economic integration organizations play a fundamental role.In order to analyze this trend, we choose to study the harmonization process of the public procurement legal framework of WAEMU. Then, the analysis of the singular case of Côte d'Ivoire highlights the issues and challenges related to the transposition of this legal framework at the national level. It appears that even if regional reforms taking into account international requirements have been widely implemented, challenges remain.Finally, with regards to an economic and social development reflecting the vision and challenges specific to the beneficiary countries, the symmetrical transposition of international models at the national level is not always appropriate. They must be adapted to the particular context
Claude-Gaudillat, Valérie. „Une approche renouvelée de l'entrée sur un nouveau marché dans un contexte d'innovation : Test empirique dans le cadre de l'industrie du courtage Internet aux Etats-Unis“. Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHEC0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZabad, Lana. „La réforme de la gestion des finances publiques dans le cadre d'une politique de développement : le cas de la Syrie“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePublic financials Management is an essential component of better economic governance and development process. It supports the efficient and responsible use of public resources, ensures macroeconomic sustainability, budgetary stability and guides the allocation of resources to meet the national priorities. A weak management of Public financial systems can lead to the loss of resources. Public Financial management covers all phases of budget cycle, including budget preparation, execution, internal controls and external audits. The subject of this analytical research is to analyze with a global perspective the management situation of public financials in Syria by evaluating the main undertaken reform in 2006 of Public Financials Management and its impact on the general development guidelines of the country
Bouriche, Riadh. „Les réformes fiscales et douanières en Algérie dans le cadre des accords euro-méditerranéens : une approche relationnelle et institutionnelle de l'association interrégionale“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0799.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements, the Algerian authorities are required to comply with the resulting international and regional commitments. This concerns in particular the conformity to the tax and customs administrations. In fact, the economic and legal transformations implemented by such an association agreement demand the Algerian legislators to undertake fiscal and customs reforms required by trade liberalization. The goal, therefore, is to bring the Algerian tax and customs law closer to the laws in force in the European Union states and more particularly in the Euro-Mediterranean ones. It is in this context that we aim through our subject to approach and discuss tax and customs reform in Algeria. For this, the work begins with a reflection on the Association Agreement, achieved through the development of relations between Algeria and the European Union. Then, we tackle specifically the issue of tax and customs reforms in Algeria on the occasion of the Euro-Mediterranean agreements. Finally we discuss the importance of good financial governance in the context of regional integration
Elabidi, Houda. „La prise en compte des facteurs ESG (environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance) dans l'appréhension du risque opérationnel : le cas du secteur bancaire en France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the adaptation of their governance models, methods and management processes. In this context, financial institutions are more and more involved in processes of expression, influence and standardization that interfere with their own vision and the ability to act. Such a context could not support either passivity or inaction and should, on the contrary, encourage financial institutions to develop more sophisticated risk management processes and to promote better application. However, the emergence of new sources of risk has made it more difficult to analyze the overall risk incurred by these institutions, hence the need to detect, control and limit it rapidly. This is why a social and governance environmental analysis makes it possible to diversify the sources of information, to refine and qualify the financial evaluation by non-financial criteria, but which participate fully in the development policy in the financial sector. This strengthens the role of risk governance in establishing guidelines and setting a framework for using a more comprehensive approach to risk management. In many cases, information on environmental, social and governance risks is overlooked by financial institutions, especially banks
Salinas, Palacios Dario. „Géopolitique de l'eau dans l'Espagne des autonomies : Enjeux et rivalités de pouvoirs pour la région de Murcie“. Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis year’s approval of Management Plan of the Hydrographical Basin of Tagus that was established by the Water Framework Directive in 2009 has been blocked due to political tensions about the future of the Tagus-Segura transfer. Several spanish autonomous communities (regions) are confronted with “a debit minimum” to improve the good ecological state of water by 2015. This transfer is actually one of the main symbols of the Spanish hydraulic policy and a promoter of regional development on agriculture and tourism for the south-eastern Spain. International Tagus Basin requires fulfilling the commitments under the Albufera Convention signed in 1998 between Spain and Portugal. A Decentralized territorial model, different economic choices, droughts and the omnipresence of regional identity discourses in politics strengths a tendency for Spanish politicians to wish to become « owners » of the water. The results of the negotiations depend on local policies and their articulation at national and European level, as well as environmental considerations
La reciente aprobación en 2014 del plan hidrológico de la Cuenca del Tajo, establecido por ladirectiva marco del Agua en 2009, fue bloqueado principalmente por tensiones entre variascomunidades autónomas españolas en relación a la fijación de un caudal mínimo necesariopara alcanzar el buen estado ecológico de las aguas en 2015. Estas rivalidades de poderterritoriales están sujetas al futuro del trasvase Tajo-Segura, símbolo de la política hidráulicaespañola y factor determinante del desarrollo agrícola y turístico del sureste español. Por otrolado, el carácter internacional de la cuenca del Tajo implica el cumplimiento de loscompromisos adquiridos entre España y Portugal tras la firma de la convención de laAlbufeira. El modelo territorial descentralizado, los factores económicos, la sequía y laomnipresencia de discursos identitarios acentúan en España la convicción según la cualexistirían propietarios del agua. Los resultados de las negociaciones dependen tanto de lasestrategias locales y su articulación a nivel nacional y europeo como de consideracionesecológicas
Notte, Olivier. „L'institutionnalisation du public-témoin comme forme de gouvernementalité : la consultation du public de la directive cadre européenne sur l'eau“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMortier, Stéphane. „Diagnostic des opérations de sensibilisation menées dans le cadre de la politique publique d'intelligence économique et réalité effective de la sécurité économique dans les PME“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of “intelligence économique” is the object of a public policy in France which, after many changes, has turned to economic intelligence. Its objective remained the same, to increase the competitiveness of the economic fabric. To achieve this objective, awareness actions for the benefit of companies have been carried out, in particular, by the economic security and business protection referents of the national gendarmerie. As a researcher and an actor, we have been able to measure the impact of these awareness-raising actions on a wide range of companies. There is mixed evidence that business leaders are taking economic intelligence into account. Through the theoretical contributions of social capital and social networks, we try to make recommendations to improve the awareness-raising mechanism. New tools, but also closer, more formalized relations and better consideration of legislative and administrative texts relating to economic security are all advanced issues. Such public policy can only be efficient if it has a programme of actions (political and administrative decisions), human and financial resources, cohesion in management (governance of economic security), involvement of decision-makers, training of the various actors (role of the tools made available) and evaluation of results. Recent developments in public policy on economic security and a number of individual initiatives, notably in the context of this research work, contribute or attempt to contribute to the achievement of that efficiency
Couture, Aurélie. „Fabrication de la ville et participation publique : l'émergence d'une culture métropolitaine : le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the 2000s , public participation in France is the subject of increasing attention in both the social and political spheres in the world of research. The privileged context is the production process of cities as it supports citizens claims and initiatives on the one hand , procedures and institutional experiences on the other hand. Vector of social regulation, sustainable development and vitality of democracy, public involvement in projects and urban decisions gains momentum in a context marked by the complexity of the urban reality and its governance. Promoted by intermunicipalities it meets a dual challenge of political legitimacy and modernization of metropolitan operating methods. The case of the Urban Community of Bordeaux illustrates this particularly well. Through the deployment of innovative participatory exercises related to agglomeration policies and strategies, it seeks to assert itself as a leading method in metropolitan governance as well as to directly involve residents and users of the territory in a context of renewed "citizenship". This ambition is reflected in recent policy orientations, which transform the strategic positioning of the organization and practices of the Urban Community of Bordeaux. What followed is an increase in the technical skills of the stakeholders - technicians, members of the Sustainable Development Council, elected bodies- witness of the professionalization of participation. This double movement, institutional and professional, suggests a profound and lasting change in community action as a part of a more collaborative and cross logic. This analysis is the result of a research conducted within the institution within the framework of a CIFRE contract. It is based on the method of participant observation together with thematic interviews and the analysis of a body of recent participatory processes
Teisseire, Denis. „Genèse instrumentale des technologies numériques dans les activités des préfets“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1250/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe prefects will have for the next years to continue their action within a French company inscribed in the global dynamics of a "process of appropriation of a disruptive innovation" and "forces the users to break with their ways of doing and to think earlier ".How this "character" assumes this change is the inductive question of this research. Is there transformation, transition, evolution or avoidance?Using the Semiotics of Cooperative Transactions (STC) are identified in the narrations collected the clues of an appropriation of this digital transition, through : - its cognitive and emotional impacts ; - the description of the conditions and the context of use of objects that became instruments; - the managerial technique deployed to regulate the tensioning in his living area.The main contributions highlight : - a new report from the prefect to technology ; - a commitment to innovation as a support or facilitation of emerging initiatives, more difficult as a project leader ; - a draft of a digital republic that remains unclear, but which redistributes the social link and the organizational methods of collective action
Rusu, Anca. „Delving into AI discourse within EU institutional communications : empowering informed decision-making for tomorrow’s tech by fostering responsible communication for emerging technologies“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD029%22.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe proliferation of emerging technologies, which are defined as new technologies or new use of old technologies (for example, artificial intelligence (AI)), presents both opportunities and challenges for society when used. These technologies promise to revolutionize various sectors, providing new efficiencies, capabilities, and insights, which makes them interesting to develop and use. However, their use also raises significant ethical, environmental, and social concerns. Organizations communicate through various modes, one of which is written discourse. Such discourse encompasses not only the structure of the message but also its content. In other words, the vocabulary (the structure) is used to express a specific point of view (the content). Within technology usage, there is a clear connection between communication and informed decision-making, as the information about the technology (its form and substance) is spread through communication, which in turn aids in making well-informed decisions. This thesis adopts a risk governance approach, which involves taking a preventive perspective to minimize (or avoid) future potential risks. This viewpoint acknowledges the importance of people making informed decisions about accepting or acting in light of potential future risks. It is to be noted that people's decisions are influenced by what they know about a technology and their perceptions (what they do not know but believe). Hence, our research aims to explore the theoretical perspectives on organizations' communication responsibilities and the actual practices employed by these entities. This choice stems from the apparent gap in the literature concerning responsible communication and the necessity to examine the topic, emphasizing practical considerations for further defining modes of organizational communication to analyze and take proactive action when communicating about emerging technologies such as AI. When an organization communicates about an emerging technology, elements focusing on the responsibility of sharing information can be found in the literature, but none on the responsibility (seen as an ethical behavior) of one organization regarding the impact of what is communicated on the decision-making process. Some responsibility is linked to corporate social responsibility (CSR), but the focus remains on the information. We propose a concept that addresses the intersection between three considered fields: emerging technologies, organizational communication and risk governance, which is the one of Responsible Organizational Communication on Emerging Technologies (ROCET) to address the responsibility of what is communicated as an ethical behavior. We aim to delve into the concept by bridging the divide between theory and practice, examining both simultaneously to garner a comprehensive understanding. This approach will help construct an understanding that meets halfway, building on knowledge accumulated from both areas. Therefore, two analyses will be conducted in parallel: a critical literature review around the “responsible communication” concept and a discourse analysis of standalone reports published by governmental bodies regarding the use of a specific emerging technology, namely artificial intelligence (AI). Using a single case analysis approach, the analysis aims to problematize one's communication regarding a public discourse while challenging such constitutions by exploring models of responsible communication. There is a gap in the literature in referring to this term as this research does. The literature focuses either on the communication conducted by organizations as part of their corporate responsibility strategy or from a communication theory perspective, concentrating on how to convey a message effectively. Alternatively, it looks at the matter from the emerging technologies perspective, where the focus is on information communication referring to the technology
Bounouh, Abdelala. „Planification spatiale et logiques des acteurs de production et de gestion de l'espace urbain : cas du nouveau quartier résidentiel d'El Mourouj dans la périphérie méridionale du Grand Tunis“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451485.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBor, Emmanuel. „Réforme budgétaire et gestion axée sur les résultats en Afrique subsaharienne : l'exemple de Maurice“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFiscal reform implemented in Mauritius from 2008 was part of an overall strategy to modernize public finance management that places performance at the heart of public policy-making. Based on a proactive change management, and supported by the extensive renovation of the tax and public procurement systems, changes in budget rules have increased managerial autonomy of the executive. However, assessing the impact of the medium-term budget framework and programme-based budgeting on control over the fiscal position, credibility of the sector allocations and public spending effectiveness highlights the limitations of the reform and calls for a renewed interpretation of the success of the Mauritian model of public management for results. Its originality is strongly related to building a culture of accountability in the public service and institutional choices that are the specific product of a national social and administrative history, helping to impose a political vision of performance in the process of public expenditure rationalization. The simultaneous emergence of extra-budgetary funds management and programme-based budgeting leads to identify a hybrid approach to fiscal reform, whose adaptation to Sub-Saharan African countries may be challenged
David, Anca Hélène. „L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne : un outil de mise en place de l'économie verte et circulaire“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels
Lafargue, Marie. „Les relations de travail dans l'entreprise transnationale“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0279.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransnational companies now stand as leading economic powers in aglobalisation context. Stripped of any legal personality, they are only partly bound by thenational laws. Aside from supranational law, which is incomplete provides only partialregulation, labour relations within globalised companies remain largely bound by nationallaws while the paradigms of labour law have barely evolved in order to adjust to theirsingularity. The nature of the law that governs those professional relations is therefore notcommensurate to their transnational reality.The deficiencies of the current framework for analysis thus compel researchers to gobeyond the twofold boundaries of legal systems and legal entities in order to develop suitableglobal solutions. A positivist, forward-looking analysis of the law reveals the existence of anadaptation process that is already underway but which must also be extended andstrengthened.It is therefore a matter of establishing a legal adjustment principle within those labourrelations, which reveals the identity of the transnational: transnationality is an expression ofpluralism. Legal adaptation assumes, on the one hand, that companies be reconstructed asorganisations and that a synergy be established with other players in the field of globalgovernance. The alignment trend implies, on the other hand, the birth of a "post-modern",pluralist global law, resting on a foundation of fundamental rights. It is thus at the cost of suchdevelopments that an adapted regulation of labour relations will be achieved withintransnational companies, together with the emergence of a globalised social law
Labranche, Sonia. „Fuir pour mieux s'établir: Étude sur la gouvernance des déplacés climatiques au Bangladesh dans le cadre de l'adaptation au changement climatique“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe challenges wrought by climate change involve not only managing existing consequences, but also future ones. It is no surprise that population displacements are one of those consequences, and one that must be addressed as quickly as possible since those displacements have already begun. Bangladesh is a prime example of population displacements linked to climate change; its geography is conducive to natural disasters, it is densely populated and strongly reliant on natural resources. These and other socioeconomic factors are the underlying reasons of Bangladesh’s vulnerability. It did not take long for the media to raise the alarm in the international community about the impacts of climate change on civil society and international law is paying more and more attention to the problem. What protections are available for these climatic exiles? The question raises new legal conundrums. We will quickly discover that such displacements, whether they are domestic or international, have no legal international protection. In light of this legal vacuum, several options have been considered and analyzed by researchers. To go or not to go, that is the question that must be answered by the population. We will discover that this choice can be greatly influenced by government policy. This will shed light on the perception of Bangladesh’s choice in the matter; does the country consider the migration a coping strategy or a failure?
Kane, Oumar. „Économie de la régulation postcoloniale du secteur des télécommunications sénégalaises dans le cadre de la gouvernance globale : le cas des ressources communes“. Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/925/1/D1672.pdf.
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