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Bulanin, Dmitriy Mikhailovich, Mikhail Vladimirovich Dmitriev, Oleg Ivanovich Dzyarnovich, Andrey Vitalyevich Korenevsky, Konstantin Alexandrovich Kostromin, Tatiana Viktorovna Kushch, Russell Martin, Dmitriy Igorevich Polyvyanny und Rustam Mukhammadovich Shukurov. „Byzantium after Byzantium? Forum“. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 31, Nr. 1 (2022): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.101.
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The Byzantine Empire has existed longer than all the empires that were on Earth — more than 1000 years. She created the «Byzantine Commonwealth» of countries (D. D. Obolensky’s term), stretching from the South Baltic to the Mediterranean and from the Adriatic Sea to the Caucasus Mountains. The Commonwealth countries had religious and cultural unity, a close political culture and a similar tragic fate. All of them fell victim to foreign conquest, from the Mongols to the Ottomans, and with great difficulty, centuries later, regained their sovereignty. With the death of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, its historical role did not stop. Byzantium remained a relevant historical actor for a long time, as an ideal and as a symbol, as a heritage and as a hope for the revival of its former greatness. It is not for nothing that the ideas of «lasting Rome», «New Constantinople», etc., were so popular. According to the Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga, the time of «Byzantium after Byzantium» has come, which continues to this day. In the article, historians, specialists in the history of Byzantium, consider the following questions: 1) What is «Byzantium after Byzantium»? Is it an symbolic image, is it a historical memory of a bygone empire, is it a political, spiritual, cultural ideal? Or is it a fictitious concept, Byzantium died in 1453? 2) How long did «Byzantium after Byzantium» exist? What is the chronological depth of Byzantine influence in the Balkans, in Eastern Europe? 3) There is a point of view about the «unfavorable heritage» of Byzantium — all countries belonging to the «Byzantine Commonwealth» have a difficult historical fate. Is this a fatal coincidence, or the negative influence of the «Byzantine heritage»? 4) Did Byzantium have a successor (cultural, political, spiritual)? To what extent can they consider Russia, the Balkan states?
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Belokonev, S. Yu, V. G. Ivanov und E. V. Levina. „Byzantine heritage in contemporary Turkey: Research features and political significance“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 23, Nr. 1 (16.03.2023): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-1-89-99.
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The article considers the politics of memory of the Turkish government in relation to the Byzantine heritage in the country and the reaction of the states whose historical narrative and identity are associated with the Byzantine Empire’s legacy. The article is based on a wide range of sources in Turkish, Greek, English and Russian. The authors believe that the Turkish policy of Islamization and the ideology of neo-Ottomanism, which are implemented by the ruling AK Party under the leadership of the President R.T. Erdogan, lead to the gradual dismantling of the remaining Byzantine heritage, which was proved by the transformation of the Monastery of the Choir and the Hagia Sophia into mosques. Turkish society, except for a few dissidents many of whom have already left the country, does not show interest in the history of Byzantium and perceives the policy of the ruling party quite pragmatically, according to the opinion polls. The international reaction to the decisions of the Turkish leadership was quite restrained and in general did not focus on Byzantium and its role in history. Thus, European politicians and researchers criticized mainly the anti-Western idea of Erdogan’s actions and rhetoric, while Greece fears mostly the revival of Ottoman imperialism and considers the Byzantine legacy as a part of Hellenism. The authors conclude that it was Russian society that defined the policy of Erdogan as the destruction of the Byzantine heritage of the Eastern Orthodox civilization (primarily due to the position of the Russian Orthodox Church), which made the Russian political leadership discuss this issue at the highest level. Moreover, in the international dimension, Ankara’s consistent policy to dismantle the Byzantine heritage affects the image and ideology of the Russian state to a greater extent than that of Greece, which is determined by the sustainable perception of Russia as the successor of the Byzantine tradition.
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Joksimović, Milena. „Rediscovering the Greeks“. Tabula, Nr. 17 (16.11.2020): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.17.2020.6.
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The article explores the impact of Byzantines on Istrian Humanism and Renaissance. In the introduction author describes the alienation of the territories which used to be Eastern and Western part of the Roman Empire and, congruently, the fate of the classical (particularly Greek) heritage in the Dark and Middle Ages in those territories. This is followed by a description of the historical events that led to rapprochement of the East and West, with particular emphasis on the Byzantine exodus to Italy. The author then provides a methodological framework by analyzing the main aspects of „rediscovering” Greek cultural heritage and the influence of the Byzantine immigrants on them. The author than turns to Istria, providing, first, a short summary of Istrian contacts with the Greek cultural heritage throughout history and then the settlement of the Byzantines in Istria. The main part of the article follows, containing a detailed analysis of the described elements of „rediscovering” Greek cultural heritage – interest in Greek language, literature, culture and philosophy (particularly Neoplatonism), in translations, the editing and publishing of Greek classics, as well as in the presence of the idea of a common European identity based on a common ancient heritage, and the voices advocating for the formation of a united Christian European front against the Ottomans.
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Vаrаbyou, Pavel Anatolievich. „The image of Byzantium in the narratives of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (15th – first half of the 17th century)“. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 31, Nr. 1 (2022): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.107.
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The article is devoted to the perception of the heritage of Byzantium in the socio-political thought of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the period from 1453 to the middle of the 17th century. Already in the second half of the 17th century, the Left-Bank Ukraine left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Metropolitanate of Kyiv withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The process of influence of the Byzantine civilization on the East Slavic culture after the fall of the Byzantine Empire is investigated. According to the findings, in the process of discussing the Union of Brest in the written tradition of the GDL and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Orthodox, Uniate, Catholic and Reformation narratives developed, in which the image of Byzantium had different shades: from positive to extremely negative, respectively. However, these narratives, which well complement the rather meager information about Byzantium in local letopis sources, are similar in one thing: they tend to see in it not the imperial past, but the current church heritage of the Greek people, which had a significant impact on the historical fate of the lands of Rus’. For the Polish-Lithuanian szlachta as an estate, the heritage of Byzantium was not a source of their own identity. Attempts to update the political idea of the liberation of Constantinople from the rule of the Turks came from the environment of the Greek diaspora of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, such projects were not approved here and were cut off from life. And even a major Orthodox magnate, Prince Wasyl-Konstanty Ostrogski, did not support, albeit difficult to implement, but a more realistic project to transfer the residence of the Patriarch of Constantinople to the city of Ostrog. He also did not claim political succession from the Byzantine emperors, but did not interfere with the idea of his spiritual succession. The article pays more attention to the writings of Orthodox polemicists, because the heritage of Byzantium is very important and deserves special attention.
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Pantelić, Bratislav. „The last Byzantines: perceptions of identity, culture, and heritage in Serbia“. Nationalities Papers 44, Nr. 3 (Mai 2016): 430–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1105205.
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Focusing on material culture, this article considers a range of issues concerning the cultural policies, ideologies, and identities that have underlain Serbian development since the Middle Ages, and tests some widely held yet previously uncontested views. In particular it questions the Serbs' perceived affiliation with the Byzantine Empire and challenges the view that this affiliation was so pervasive that it influenced Serbian development and national formation in the modern age. It is argued that Byzantium had little if any role in the Serbs' cultural development - neither in historical memories nor in surviving traditions. Serbia's Byzantine culture is largely a myth developed in the 1930s by the Serbian clergy as a corollary of the Russian-inspired Svetosavlje ideology. This myth was meant to dislocate Serbia's cultural identity from its secular European sources and reposition it closer to Orthodox Russia.
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Marsili, Giulia, und Lucia Maria Orlandi. „Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage Preservation“. Studies in Digital Heritage 3, Nr. 2 (13.06.2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v3i2.27721.
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The development of Information Technology and Digital Humanities has brought numerous significant changes to the Cultural Heritage domain. The Digital Humanities has become a dynamic and fertile research field, and new projects and opportunities are constantly flourishing. The BYZART project perfectly fits this context. This project is coordinated by the Department of History and Cultures of the University of Bologna, embracing a wide consortium of partners from Bulgaria, Greece and Italy. It aims at enhancing Byzantine and Post-Byzantine artistic and cultural heritage within the Europeana platform. This project will enrich the existing Europeanacollections with about 75,000 new cultural and artistic multimedia objects relevant to Byzantine history and culture, including collections of digitized photos, video and audio content, and 3-D surveys and reconstructions. We have also established a liaison between the new materials and Byzantine-related content already existing on Europeana. The archival material collected and digitized by the BYZART consortium is of the greatest cultural and art-historical importance, but until now, it has not been properly evaluated or published. For this reason, BYZART aims to guarantee the preservation and evaluation of significant cultural heritage objects from a wide range of contexts, while also making them accessible to scholarly and general audiences alike.
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Voutounos, Chrysanthos, und Andreas Lanitis. „A Cultural Semiotic Aesthetic Approach for a Virtual Heritage Project“. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20, Nr. 3 (2016): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201653147.
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This paper presents an integrated framework applied towards the design and evaluation of a virtual museum of Byzantine art that combines the theorized fields of semiotics, virtual heritage (VH), and Byzantine art. A devised semiotic model, the case study semiosphere, synthesizes important principles from the theoretical background justifying the overall design and evaluation methodology. The approach presented has theoretical extensions to the understanding of the role technology plays in promoting a consummatory aesthetic experience for Byzantine art in virtual environments, complementing the experience received from traditional Byzantine art media. Part A of the work presents the development of the semiotic foundation of the study prior to presenting the applied potential of the approach in design and evaluation of VH for Byzantine art, which appears in Part B. The final task of the proposed approach aims to support a meaningful interpretation, assisting in the promotion of the significance (value) of the virtual museum to potential interpreters/visitors.
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Abukarki, Hanan Jazaa, Havva Arslangazi Uzunahmet und Zeynep Onur. „The Influence of Place Attachment on Heritage Discourse in Contemporary Places: A Case Study of Jordanian Byzantine Mosaics“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 10 (22.05.2023): 8395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108395.
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This study looks at the influence of place attachment on heritage discourse in contemporary places, specifically, Byzantine mosaics in Jordan, where the Byzantine Empire left behind a rich mosaic heritage. Today, these mosaics are replicated in contemporary architectural environments. The purpose of this article is to explore the heritage discourse surrounding Byzantine mosaics in Jordanian contemporary places with a particular focus on the replication and interpretation of the mosaics in contemporary places. To do that, the relationship between the attachments to the Byzantine mosaic places, the community’s level of awareness, and the replicated heritage discourse was examined. The research was conducted using several different methods, where structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the relationship between these factors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the measurement models of the latent components and examine their construct validity and reliability. In addition, the study was conducted in Madaba Archaeological Park in the Jordanian city of Madaba, known as the “city of mosaics”, which is rich in tourism and culture, as a subject of study. The results show that the phenomena of heritage replications in contemporary places rely on the expanding interest in history, which is manifested through realizing the historical value and unique features of heritage. This attachment, knowledge, and understanding of heritage sites based on socio-cultural norms help shape the discourse of heritage replication in the contemporary built environment. These findings provide an understanding of the reasons behind the replication behavior of heritage designs in contemporary places, which can be supported in future research and used to create an appropriate contemporary sense of place. In addition to the possibility of using it as a strategy for the sustainability of heritage designs in local culture and contemporary places, not only in Jordan but also in other heritage environments, finally, some useful suggestions emerge on which future research can be based.
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Valiavitcharska, Vessela. „Byzantine Oratorical Rhythm and the Classical Heritage“. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 59 (2010): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/joeb59s213.
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Mavroudi, Maria. „Byzantine Translations from Arabic into Greek: Old and New Historiography in Confluence and in Conflict“. Journal of Late Antique, Islamic and Byzantine Studies 2, Nr. 1-2 (September 2023): 215–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jlaibs.2023.0021.
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Scholarly demand to re-evaluate underappreciated cultures has grown since the 1980s. This generated a call to re-write the nineteenth-century narrative on the transmission of knowledge from the ancient Near East to the Graeco-Roman, Islamic, Western medieval, and early modern European world. The paper surveys the modern study of Byzantine translations from Arabic into Greek in order to propose a new narrative frame, no longer linear but attentive to continuous and bi-directional contact between medieval civilisations. The paper offers the contact between Byzantium and various parts of the Islamic world as an example. It discusses the presumed insularity of Byzantine literary culture and its relationship with ancient Greek literary heritage. Problems of dating, localising, and socially contextualising the translations (through information on their authors and patrons) are also examined.
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Khachidze, Lela. „Byzantine and Georgian Hymnographical Heritage (“Lenten Triodion” under George the Athonite’s Redaction)“. Athens Journal of Philology 9, Nr. 2 (25.05.2022): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.9-2-3.
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Most of the numerous translations of the great ecclesiastical figure - George the Athonite were created in Greece, on Mount Athos. The “Lenten Triodion” is one of the collections compiled by George the Athonite (1009-1065). He was thoroughly acquainted with the Byzantine and Georgian theological writings. The main principle of his epochal activity was maximum approach of the earlier Georgian translations to the Greek originals. In collections translated from Greek, he tried to show the modern Byzantine liturgical practice in full. The same principle is used in “Lenten Triodion” under his redaction. This is one of the most important liturgical–hymnographic books in Christian church, containing numerous hymns for Great Lent. “Lenten Triodion” under George the Athonite’s redaction is much more extensive than its contemporary Greek analogues. The significance of this collection for the study of Byzantine hymnography is determined by the work done by George the Athonite for identification of the authors of the hymns preserved in it. This collection preserves translations of the hymns of 14 Byzantine poet-melodists of the 5th - 10th centuries. Most of them are well known in scholarly literature, but a significant part of the hymns of the same authors whose originals are not present in the famous scholarly literature are preserved in this collection. The academic edition of this collection according to the nine ancient Georgian manuscripts is prepared by the group of Georgian scholars and its electronic version will be placed on the Internet. Keywords: Byzantine hymnography, George the Athonite, Lenten Triodion, Georgian hymnography
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Еldin, Мikhail А. „The Paradigm of the Byzantine Economic Order-Taxis: Historical and Philosophical Dimension“. Economic History 16, Nr. 3 (30.11.2019): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.050.016.202003.229-240.
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Introduction. The article deals with one of the key issues of the Eurasian economic order related to the Byzantine Empire, which lasted for more than a thousand years (395–1453) and experienced periods of growth and decline, in which military expansion was replaced by crises and internal upheavals. The Byzantine state has always been under pressure from outside, but it has learned to survive among rivals and enemies. The Power of Byzantium in many respects ahead of its era, was not only the largest feudal entity of the Middle Ages, but also along with this centralized state, which had a powerful system of administrative management, which played an important role in regulating of the economic order. Materials and Methods. Current methodological approaches based on the principle of spiritual understanding of the modern world picture, as well as the degree of theoretical elaboration at the present stage of development of society the problem of forming the mentality of a particular nation, studying cultural phenomena in a historical context contribute, we believe, the disclosure of the “conceptual entity” the Byzantine heritage. Results. The analysis of sources and materials that consider various aspects of scientific works of Byzantine taxonomists on the economic structure. The characteristic features of the economic policy of the Byzantine Empire are revealed and the conclusion about the significance of the Byzantine experience for regulating the economic order in modern States is substantiated. Discussion and Conclusion. The Byzantine state, which actively intervened in the regulation of the economy, received a relatively stable economic order, which allowed it not only to maintain its well-being throughout the centuries of the Empire’s history, but also to cope with crisis situations. The variety of forms of farming in early Byzantium was reflected in the effective interaction of commodity production developed in cities and the economic system of rural settlements. The flourishing of trade and industry were mainly characteristic of coastal cities, whose economic expansion only slightly affected the agricultural sector of the Empire, while there was a partial taxonometrization of the economy. Despite short periods of weakening trade priorities of Byzantium, we can not talk about the economic disaster of the Empire, because it had at its disposal the economic reserves of the provinces. The state has repeatedly experienced shocks accompanied by crises, but has maintained sufficient viability, subsequently reviving and returning to its previous positions.
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Peno, Vesna. „Methodological disputes about interpretation of neum notation in the 20th century“. Muzikologija, Nr. 18 (2015): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1518015p.
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Until the end of the twentieth century in Byzantine musicological science there were two diametrically opposite approaches to the interpretation of the Byzantine neum notation systems and post-Byzantine music heritage after the Fall of Constantinople. Western European scholars, ignoring the post-Byzantine Chant tradition and the last semeography reform from the early nineteenth century, looked at the problems of the musical past only from the perspective of the Middle Ages. Greek researchers have shared the belief that the condition of an adequate understanding of the mid-Byzantine notation, or the so-called old method, is the knowledge of analytical neum system and theory, the basics of which were set up by musicians from the end of the seventeenth and during the eighteenth century, and were finally shaped by Chrisantos, Gregory and Chourmouzios and officially accepted in the Greek church in 1814. The path to overcoming the issues relating to the development of neum notation, and finding an adequate manner of decoding it, led through the understanding of the phenomenon of "interpretation" and other tendencies that marked the post-Byzantine music practice. Two scientists -the Danish J?rgen Raasted, a follower of the Western European musicological methods established by founders of Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae, and Greek theologist and musicologist Gregory Stathes - are specifically responsible for the reconciliation of the different methodological approaches. After numerous and often heated debates, the Danish scientist eventually largely accepted the views of his Greek counterpart. Moreover, he himself insisted, at the musicological conferences organized during the 1980s, on reviewing the controversial issues: the existence of chromatic intervals in the psalmody of the Middle-Ages, the problem of syllabic and melismatic interpretations of stenographic neum records, and so on. Concerning the above mentioned issues, the contemporary trends in Byzantine musicology are presented in the conclusion of the paper. It is worth noting that the most influential scholars nowadays follow ?a middle path?, the distinction between the once exclusive Western option and the no less ?hard? Greek traditional option.
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Porada, Aleksandra. „Kardynał Bessarion i jego księgozbiór“. Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 60, Nr. 3 (21.12.2023): 297–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.834.
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Cardinal Bessarion (ca. 1400–1472), a theologian born in Trebizond and educated in Byzantium, made a career in the hierarchy of the Byzantine clergy and attracted the attention of the imperial family. He was one of the most active participants of the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–1439). Following the failure of the church union in Constantinople, Bessarion came to work for the papal curia in Rome. As a cardinal he used his income and contacts to help Byzantine refugees and Greeks living under the rule of the Republic of Venice, especially after the fall of Constantinople. Fearing that the loss of statehood could mean that the heritage of Greek culture would fall into oblivion, Bessarion created a great library containing the masterpieces of Ancient Greek literature, the classical philosophical works, and the texts of the Eastern Church Fathers. In 1468, he donated this collection to the Republic of Venice, and in such a manner founded one of the first public libraries in Europe.
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Krasova, M. V., und G. V. Skotnikova. „Problems of study of Byzantine and Old Russian singing culture in modern liberal education“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, Nr. 2 (31) (Juni 2017): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2017-2-174-177.
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Byzantine and old Russian chants have become a significant phenomenon in the culture of modern Russia. However, the pedagogical goal of their inclusion in the educational sphere is not solved adequately public request to strengthen the valuesemantic supports. Appeal to the domestic achievements of the cultural studies of arts allows you to highlight the key ways social and educational development of the Byzantine and Old Russian singing heritage.
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Djakovac, Aleksandar. „The usage and the development of the term prohairesis from Aristotle to Maximus the Confessor“. Theoria, Beograd 58, Nr. 3 (2015): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1503071d.
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The term prohairesis has a long history; its usage is crucial for the development and understanding of basic ethical and anthropological assumptions in ancient Hellenic philosophy. In this article the author analyses the most important moments for the semantic transformation of this term, with particular reference to the implications of its usage in Byzantine theological and philosophical heritage, with the ultimate expression in work of St Maximus the Confessor and his christological synthesis. The equation between the terms prohairesis and gnome and their separation from the authentic human nature, as well as the usage of the term thelesis for the original ?human will?, represents the thorough revision of the antique philosophical heritage which could be compared with the distinction of the terms ousia and hypostasis by Cappadocian Fathers. In this article the author will show the extent to which and the way in which Byzantine theological and philosophical thought adopted and transformed its own Hellenic heritage.
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Ginting, Alex Cristian Justisia. „Relasi Narasi Visual dan Teks dalam Ikon Transfigurasi Paroki St. Dionysios Yogyakarta“. Journal of Contemporary Indonesian Art 7, Nr. 2 (30.10.2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jocia.v7i2.6078.
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Seni lukis Byzantine adalah salah satu warisan kesenian dunia yang belum banyak dibahas oleh kalangan akademisi seni di Indonesia. Warisan seni lukis Byzantine sering disamakan dengan Ikonografi, yaitu gambar-gambar suci yang sampai hari ini masih dipertahankan fungsinya dalam gereja-gereja yang menggunakan ritus Byzantine (Gereja Orthodox dan Gereja Katolik Ritus Byzantine). Seni Byzantine dibagi tiga periode, yaitu awal, tengah, dan akhir, dimana pada periode Tengah-Akhir muncul ikon berjenis Menologion. Seni lukis Byzantine dikaji menggunakan Ikon Pesta Transfigurasi yang merupakan digitalisasi dari ikon aslinya yang berasal dari abad ke-16 untuk menjelaskan bentuk visual, struktur dan hubungannya dengan narasi. Kajian menemukan ada kesamaan antara visualisasi narasi ikon dengan struktur pesta Gerejawi yang memiliki tiga pola (Pra Pesta – Pesta – Pasca Pesta/Apodosis).Byzantine painting is one of the world's artistic heritage that art academics have not widely discussed in Indonesia. The legacy of Byzantine painting is often equated with iconography, which is sacred images that still retain their function in churches that use the Byzantine rite (Orthodox Church and Byzantine Rite Catholic Church). Byzantine art had developed in three periods, namely beginning, middle, and end, wherein the Middle-Late period, an icon of the Menologion type appears. The byzantine painting was studied using the Transfiguration Feast Icon, digitizing the original icon dating from the 16th century to explain its visual form, structure, and relationship to narrative. The study found similarities between the visualization of the iconic narrative and the ecclesiastical party structure with three patterns (Pre Pesta – Pesta – Post-Pesta / Apodosis).
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Eldin, Mikhail A. „PARADIGM OF POST-BYZANTINE TRADITION OF REGIONAL ETHNO-COMMUNITY OF EURASIA: Historical and Philosophical Aspect“. Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education, Nr. 3 (30.09.2018): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.043.018.201803.352-362.
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Introduction. A study of national cultures of consciousness and output of productive algorithm to forming of dialogue of ethnos is the major trend of modern humanitarian researches. The aim of the article is integration in theoretical approach of analytical concepts of regional development of moral traditions of society on the basis of the use of experience of preceding civilizations. Materials and methods. Methodological basis consists of conceptions about cooperation of spiritual values, about system character of mechanisms of succession, historical and culturological approaches reflected in works of domestic and foreign scientists by value forming of traditions of regions. The decision of the put tasks is attainable at an address to theoretical-methodological heritage of Byzantine and Russian paradigms of philosophy. Results. Тhe table of contents of the Post-Byzantine paradigm of traditions differs from western. The Byzantine cultural paradigm continued tradition of ancient Greek heritage: epochs of harmony at the dominant of spiritual order. In basis of the Orient-Christian thinking societies were traditional the postulates of correct mindset and canonical human existence ща the two dominants: economies and akribeia (compromise and inviolability in the canons of life, depending on the circumstances of life). When this order is devalued (degradation of empire and religious morality) principles of folk-cultural life are transformed, and at times are fragmented in society, and foremost moral components of cultures. Discussion and conclusions. Heritage of Byzantine civilization and its inalienable regional component of the Slavic natural habitat of distribution of ethnos present particular interest. For maintenance of the socio-cultural originality of civilization and state force to call to the adequate answers main basis of that are historical experience and socio-cultural values. Every great civilization becomes stronger and develops by the set of the local traditions in continuity of dialogue of civilizations, societies and cultures.
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Acciai, Serena. „Developing Deroko's theories: Looking for the "incunabula" of Byzantine housing“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, Nr. 3 (2019): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1901071a.
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Looking at the Byzantine palaces that have survived through centuries until today, such as the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus (Palace of Belisarius) in Istanbul, Aleksandar Deroko has underlined the essential distinction between two fundamental genres of Byzantine houses: monumental palaces made of stone and bricks and everyday houses made with a wooden structure. For centuries, the ordinary Byzantine house was considered as a "Turkish type". Deroko maintained that this classification was erroneous, as the Ottomans actually inherited "the Byzantine house" when they conquered the vast territory of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine house was adopted by the Ottomans and the people under their domination, and over the centuries it spread over a broad geographical area - from Anatolia to North Africa and to the Balkans. Unsurprisingly, it did not reflect a single heritage; instead, it mirrored the various cultures that fell under its rule. Based on Deroko's theories, one could consider locations such as Mount Athos, Ioannina, Prizren, Ohrid, Elena and even certain villages of Arbëreshë (Italo-Albanian) communities of South Italy as the "incunabula (the first examples, the origins) of Byzantine housing". Probably, thanks to their morphological characteristics and geographical isolation, some elements of this building type are still visible in these locations, even though they have been integrated into the local housing cultures. These buildings give subtle glimpses of the everyday Byzantine house.
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Mocanu, Daniel. „Musical Exegesis in the Transylvanian Style, Composed by Dimitrie Cuntanu, at Our Lord’s Birth Catavasia“. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 66, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.1.13.
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"The Orthodox religious music in Transylvanian tradition has a unique history. It gained an important place in the Romanian musical heritage, by the way it managed to adapt to Romanian, in its own style, the psaltic musical repertoire, of Byzantine tradition. Build from the oral tradition, which, in its turn blended with folklore, cult music, and the other co-existing cults, and from psaltic tradition, Dimitrie Cuntanu’s work fairly represents, the first Transylvanian religious musical monument of Romanian root. The Byzantine musical origin of this paper can be detected, together with other works, from the musical structures of the first Katavasia established by Cuntanu, at Lord’s Birth Feast. Transformed to Romanian by different anonymous protagonists of the Transylvanian music, the Lord’s Birth Catavasia represents a Hrysantic exegesis reference of Byzantine music, in a Transylvanian style. Keywords: Catavasia, Byzantine music, Anton Pann, Cuntanu, Romanian adaptation "
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Kitromilides, Paschalis M. „Byzance apres Byzance revisited: Changing perspectives on Europe's Byzantine heritage“. Bulletin of the Centre for Asia Minor Studies 11 (01.01.1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/deltiokms.45.
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Georgopoulou, Maria. „Late Medieval Crete and Venice: An Appropriation of Byzantine Heritage“. Art Bulletin 77, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3046122.
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Kirillov, Andrey A. „Byzantine Heritage: scenarios for the construction of a research field“. New Past, Nr. 3 (25.09.2023): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2500-3224-2023-3-221-229.
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ŠARANAC STAMENKOVIĆ, JASMINA. „MICHAEL PSELLUS’ ANONYMOUS ENCOMIUM TO EMPEROR CONSTANTINE X DOUKAS“. ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, Nr. 32 (03.12.2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2021.32.21-35.
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This paper analyses an addresse-less encomium devoted to Emperor Constantine X Doukas and authored by Michael Psellus, one of the most learned individuals in Byzantine history. The purpose of this paper is to place the encomium, a valuable testament of Byzantine cultural heritage, within the context of the empire’s eleventh century political and social history, and to translate the document into modern English accompanied by scholarly commentary. Additionally, this paper will analyze the representation of the emperor in the speech through a comparative analysis of the encomium and Psellus’ historiographical work, the Chronographia
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Bibikov, Mikhail Vadimovich. „To the Source Studies of the Byzantine Accounts of the Spiritual Centers in Palestine“. Античная древность и средние века 51 (2023): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2023.51.005.
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The review of the sources includes the characteristics of such literary monuments as the texts of the Holy Scripture of the Septuagint, sermons, spiritual hymns, and hagiography. The main documental evidences are represented by the Notitia episcopatuum, Synodal acts, canons and decisions, Typika of monasteries, account of the churches, abbeys and nunneries in Christian East. In Christian Byzantium, Jerusalem became the main destination of pilgrims. Many monasteries were built by the monks from Georgia who lived in Palestine. In the countries neighbouring to Palestine there was active monastic building in Byzantine Syria, as well as in the area of ancient monastic formations, Egypt. Therefore, there appeared the picture of energetic monastic building in the Holy Land, which is accounted to by documents, such as various Notitia, as well as the statutes and the journals of pilgrims and travellers. Although not all the monasteries existed for long due to devastating raids of Bedouins, Muslims, and crusaders, many of them were renovated from the ashes to continue servicing to these days. From that time on, Byzantine geographical literature went outside purely literary borrowings from the classical heritage and the environment of theoretical-mathematical and astronomical treatises to the practice of actual travels and pilgrimages. Although the latter kept their importance in all the periods of Byzantine literature, from the Christian topography of Kosmas In- dikopleustes to the ethno-geographical excursions in the History of Nikephoros Grigoras.
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Bala, Maciej. „Tradycja bizantyjska i jej wpływ na kulturę rosyjską w myśli Konstantina Leontjewa“. Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog, Nr. 6 (22.09.2018): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kw.2016.6.1.
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The present article amounts to an attempt to analyze the Byzantine tradition in the work Byzantinism and the Slavs by Konstantin Leontiev. The thinker finds the heritage of Eastern Christianity an immanent part of the Russian national identity. Moreover, the philosopher defines Byzantinism as a type of culture with centralized power in the hands of the Romanovs. Consequently, Leontiev depicts particular stages of the evolution of this power model in Russia. The author of the paper concludes that the thinker’s considerations are centered on the emphasis on the role of monarchy in contemporary Russia rather than on its Byzantine roots.
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Kouris, Emmanouil-Georgios, Leonidas-Alexandros S. Kouris, Avraam A. Konstantinidis, Chris G. Karayannis und Elias C. Aifantis. „Assessment and Fragility of Byzantine Unreinforced Masonry Towers“. Infrastructures 6, Nr. 3 (09.03.2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030040.
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The seismic response of five cultural heritage towers erected between the 10th and 19th century AD are investigated herein. Firstly, their architectural and modal characteristics were studied in the light of seismic events that hit the monuments. There exist several historical reports of strong earthquakes, as well as damaged structures and collapses. The limit analysis is adopted to examine the post-elastic behavior of the towers up to collapse due to out-of-plane failure. Recurrent damage modes were collected from recent earthquakes and a classification of four possible collapse mechanisms in towers and slender masonry structures is here proposed: overturning, separation of perpendicular walls, diagonal cracking, and dislocation of the belfry. A thorough examination of the towers under investigation verified the proposed damage classification. The capacity curves were derived combining the capacity curves of each of the collapse mechanisms. Damage thresholds were defined on these curves in correspondence with damage states. The studied group of structures is representative of a wider typology. A statistical approach was adopted to describe damage with seismic intensity, and vulnerability curves were generated. The results of this study will improve the understanding of the performance and the collapse mechanisms of slender masonry structures under seismic loading and provide a characterization of seismic vulnerability for the studied cultural heritage types of towers.
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Zakharova, Anna. „Race against Time: Safekeeping and Restoration of Books in the Byzantine Libraries of the Monasteries of Mount Athos“. ISTORIYA 14, Nr. 12-1 (134) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028499-7.
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The paper deals with the problem of organisation of the libraries of the monasteries of Mount Athos in the Byzantine and post-Byzantine eras. The available data allow us to identify the locations of the monasteries of Mount Athos where books were kept and trace their movements between them. Unique information on the movements of codices between monasteries is also analysed. Certain rhythms of time for the storage, cataloguing, reading and restoration of books and documents are explored. The main cultural and archival function of the Greek libraries of Mount Athos — the accumulation and preservation of books and documents — is shown through specific examples. Athonite librarians were actively engaged in the “production of eternity”, i.e., either preventing the physical aging of books or transferring texts from old media to new ones. It was book culture and the tradition of material support for intellectual pursuits (the creation, preservation and restoration of books), including on Mount Athos, that played a crucial role in the preservation and transmission of the Byzantine book heritage after the destruction of the Byzantine Roman Empire.
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Abate, D., M. Faka, K. Toumbas, N. Bakirtzis, W. Mitchell, K. Colls und C. Sturdy-Colls. „MULTI-MODAL DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION OF THE UNESCO PAINTED CHURCHES IN TROODOS (CYPRUS)“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (25.02.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-1-2022.
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Abstract. In 1985, the World Heritage Committee inscribed the site “Painted Churches in the Troodos Region” of the Republic of Cyprus on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The latter included nine Byzantine and Post Byzantine Churches to which a tenth church was added in 2001. In the framework of the IH-AT project, all the churches and the premises in their proximities were analysed using a wide array of non-destructive digital methodologies coupled with more traditional art-historical studies. Image- and Range-based techniques were used to document all the morphological features of the buildings with the final goal of understanding their humble architecture. Additionally, a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was performed to investigate the presence of buried structures that, according to historical sources, were once surrounding the religious sites.For the exploitation and visualization of the extensive database by the scientific community and the public at large, a web portal comprised of reliable and efficient technology-ready tools have been developed.The proposed methodology was implemented to provide new insights on the churches’ architectural features; confirm the presence or absence of buried remains of archaeological interest; and help heritage professionals, with lack or minimal programming skills, to customize online visualizations of 3D interactive models.
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Jurek, Krzysztof, und Jacek Kozieł. „Byzantine Themes in Polish High School Liberal Arts Education“. Studia Ceranea 9 (30.12.2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.09.13.
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The authors focus how Byzantine motifs are presented in the teaching of humanities subjects. The question of the presence of Byzantine motifs is essentially one about the presence of Byzantine heritage in Polish culture. With reference to two school subjects – Polish and History – the authors seek to establish what Polish school students are taught about the reach of Byzantine culture. Present-day teaching of both political and cultural history is underpinned by Occidentalism. Only occasionally is attention paid to the “Eastern” features of Poland’s past. A good example of this is the treatment of one of the most important Polish literary texts, the school perennial, Bogurodzica. This draws on Greek religious hymns, contain words originating in the Greek liturgy, and also alludes to a particular type of icon. Accordingly, the connections between the oldest Polish literary text and Byzantine culture are very clear. However, when classroom teachers discuss Bogurodzica with their pupils, detailing the above-mentioned features, are they aware that this text is an epitome of the presence of Byzantine motifs in Polish literature? Apparently not. With regard to the teaching of history, Byzantine motifs can be approached from at least three angles; in terms of imperial political events, in terms of religious (Eastern rite) aspects of Byzantine culture, and finally in terms of awareness of connections between Polish culture and Eastern rite Christianity, as well as Eastern nations and states viewed as heirs of Byzantine culture. In Polish history there has been a side-lining of the nation’s break with Eastern Christianity even though during certain periods this was the faith of half the Commonwealth’s inhabitants. The marginalisation of this topic does not simply impose a limit on knowledge but it prevents the understanding of particular aspects of our history.
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Chronis, Athinodoros. „Our Byzantine heritage: consumption of the past and its experiential benefits“. Journal of Consumer Marketing 22, Nr. 4 (Juni 2005): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760510605326.
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Schroeder, Rossitza B. „Disappearing Byzantine Heritage: The Case of the Medieval Church at Boiana“. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 34, Nr. 1 (2016): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2016.0006.
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ДАДИАНОВА, Т. В. „THE INFLUENCE OF BYZANTIUM ON CHURCH ARCHITECTURE AND ICON PAINTING“. Kavkaz-forum, Nr. 11(18) (20.09.2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.18.11.003.
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В статье предпринимается попытка описания различных аспектов византийского влияния на средневековое церковное зодчество и изобразительное искусство (иконопись) аланских храмов, расположенных на территории Северного Кавказа. Анализируются проблемы сохранения этого уникального культурного наследия, а также работа художников-реставраторов, осуществляемая в этом направлении. Эта проблема актуализируется датой празднования 1100-летия Крещения Алании, к которой приурочена активизация исследований аланского христианского наследия. Поскольку учреждение Аланской митрополии осуществлялось Византией, то вполне логично искать в аланской христианской архитектуре черты византийского влияния. Основное внимание уделено состоянию Шоанинского и Сентинского храмов, расположенных на территории современной Карачаево-Черкесии. Упомянутым храмам наносится серьезный ущерб. Дело не только в недостаточном финансировании, выделяемом на поддержание их в должном состоянии, но и варварской деятельности «черных археологов», туристов, оставляющих граффити на средневековых стенах и т.д. Необходима более существенная работа с населением в целях пропаганды бережного отношения к своему наследию.Кроме того, в статье анализируется вклад молодых историков и художников в деле изучения элементов византийского наследия в области архитектуры и иконописи в средневековых храмах на территории Карачаево-Черкесии, в частности, в храме в селении Коста Хетагурова. Интересным представляется открытие, сделанное А. Виноградовым и Д. Белецким: ими были обнаружены изображения византийских крестов и тамг, спрятанных под слоями штукатурки в Архызском храме. Ценным источником, наведшим исследователей на упомянутые находки, является опубликованный в 1857 г. на иврите в «Записках Императорского Археологического общества» дневник караима А. Фирковича. The article attempts to describe various aspects of the Byzantine influence on medieval church architecture and fine art (icon painting) of Alanian temples located in the North Caucasus. The problems of preserving this unique cultural heritage, as well as the work of restoration artists carried out in this direction, are analyzed. This problem is updated by the date of the celebration of the 1100th anniversary of the Baptism of Alania, which is timed to intensify research on the Alanian Christian heritage. Since the establishment of the Alanian metropolis was carried out by Byzantium, it is quite logical to look for features of Byzantine influence in the Alanian Christian architecture. The main attention is paid to the state of the Shoanin and Sentin temples, located on the territory of modern Karachay-Cherkessia. The mentioned temples are seriously damaged. It is not only the lack of funding allocated to maintain them in proper condition, but also the barbaric activities of "black archaeologists", tourists leaving graffiti on medieval walls, etc. More instructing of the population is needed in order to promote respect for their heritage.In addition, the article analyzes the contribution of young historians and artists in the study of the elements of the Byzantine heritage in the field of architecture and icon painting in medieval churches in North Ossetia, in particular, in the church in the village of Kosta. The discovery made by A. Vinogradov and D. Beletsky is interesting: they discovered images of Byzantine crosses and tamgas hidden under layers of plaster in the Arkhyz temple. A valuable source that led researchers to the mentioned finds is the diary of Karaim A. Firkovich published in 1857 in Hebrew in the "Notes of the Imperial Archaeological Society".
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Pietrobelli, Antoine, und Marie Cronier. „Arabic Galenism from Antioch to Byzantium: Ibn Buṭlān and Symeon Seth“. Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge 7 (01.04.2022): 281–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v7i.13665.
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This paper investigates how Symeon Seth (second half of the eleventh century) introduced some Arabic medical heritage, especially Galenic, to Byzantium, which probably originated from his training in Antioch around 1060 with the famous Baghdadi physician Ibn Buṭlān. After providing new data on Seth’s biography, our analysis focuses on his three main medical works, whose nature and reception were very different but which are all extensively based on Arabic science: the Refutation of Galen, the On Foodstuffs and the On the Handbook of Health (the latter being, as we show, a partial translation of Ibn Buṭlān’s Taqwīm al-Ṣiḥḥa). We analyse the context of production of each of these three works, the way Seth uses and quotes (or does not quote) his Arabic sources, and their Byzantine reception.
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Giannakoulopoulos, Andreas, Minas Pergantis, Sofia Maria Poulimenou und Ioannis Deliyannis. „Good Practices for Web-Based Cultural Heritage Information Management for Europeana“. Information 12, Nr. 5 (22.04.2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12050179.
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This paper presents the digital tools, online platform and methodology created during the implementation of BYZART, a European co-funded project for the enrichment of Europeana collections with heritage objects for Byzantine art and archaeology provided by the partners of the project. The creation of the platform and its usability are thoroughly described as well as the importance of such tools for the preservation and promotion of world cultural heritage. Also, the paper discusses the adaptation of the methodology to other projects, for the engagement of communities in the field of heritage datafication, and we demonstrate how existing content can be re-used by “meta-creators” to develop new content, applications and presentation paradigms.
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Kolomiiets, Oleksandra. „Constructive solution of window frames and the use of glass in middle and late Byzantine temple architecture“. Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 40 (03.07.2023): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2023-40.77-86.
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The purpose of the article is to investigate the constructive solutions of windows, window frames, production and use of glass (including stained glass) in temple buildings of the Middle and Late Byzantine periods on the basis of preserved, described in sources and found ar- tifacts. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, comparative analysis, induction and deduction. An interdisciplinary methodology is used – approaches of global history, which are based on data, fi rst of all, obtained from archaeological, geographical and chemical research, as well as a comparative method and a method of analysis. The scientifi c novelty is due to the need for a thorough study of all aspects of the temple architecture of Byzantium, since today there is a great need for the restoration/reconstruction of the monuments of Roman civilization, both from the point of view of the development of tourism in the region, and for the preservation of material cultural heritage for posterity. Conclusions. The development of window glass production technology actively infl uenced its shape, size and quality. Accordingly, the direction and degree of natural lighting in the Byzantine temple depended on this. Th e shape of the windows (as well as their size) diff ered by location in diff erent parts of a particular temple (gallery walls, dome drums, apses, stair towers, etc.). The traditional types of Byzantine windows, which were found in both temple and palace architecture, are arched, round and semi-round (as well as single, double and triple). Based on the preserved window openings, it can be understood that the glass was made of a small size. For the production of window glass, workshops-ergasterias were used, where glassware was made. Th e main raw material for glass making is silica, i.e. sand, and additional impurities are potash or sodium soda. They could also add lime, ground shells and oxides of various metals to colour the glass. In the Middle and Late Byzantine period, window glass is a very rare fi nd. Th e most common form of window glass was rounded oculi, or “crown glass.” Th e typical design of a Byzantine window consisted of a lattice frame “transene” (plaster, marble, wood or lead) and inserted into it 2 or 3 rows of paired small, round, fl at glasses of the oculi type. Both ordinary col- oured and stained glass were used in Byzantine architecture.
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Бузыкина, Юлия Николаевна. „Review on: Byzantine Heritage and Serbian Art. 3 vols. (Published on the Occasion of the 23th International Congress of Byzantine Studies) / ed. L. Maksimovich,J. E. Trivan. Belgrade, 2016. 203, 630, 252 p.; ISBN 978-86-519-2004-5“. Theological Herald, Nr. 3(34) (15.08.2019): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2019-34-318-325.
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Монументальное трёхтомное издание на английском языке «Византийское наследие и сербское искусство» под редакцией Любомира Максимовича и Елены Триван позиционируется его составителями и как история сербского искусства, и как учебное пособие по этому предмету. Составители этого труда ставили целью проследить творческое взаимодействие сербского искусства с культурным наследием Византии в историческом и сущностном контекстах на протяжении двенадцати веков. Авторы надеются, что именно такой подход позволит им прийти к правильному пониманию путей, динамики, природы и результатов этого взаимодействия. Издание делится на три тома, а каждый том, в свою очередь, состоит из тематических разделов, соответствующих хронологии и проблематике. The monumental edition of the English language "Byzantine Heritage and Serbian Experience" under the editorship of Lюbomira Maksimovi и and Eleni Trivan positioned its composers and how the history of the Serbian experience and participation. The compilers of this work set out to convey the creative interaction of Serbian experiences with the cultural heritage of Byzantium in the historical and essential context of the two-hundred-year-old centuries. The authors hope that such an approach will allow them to approach the correct path, dynamics, nature and results of this interaction. The publication is divided into three volumes, and each volume, in its turn, consists of thematic sections, corresponding chronologies and issues.
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Chroni, Athina, und Andreas Georgopoulos. „Documentation of Historic Buildings For Their 3D Reconstruction In A Digital Cultural Heritage Management System“. Technical Annals 1, Nr. 1 (22.12.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ta.32164.
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Being at the crossway of trade routes, Ioannina, in northwestern Greece, has known overtime an economic and spiritual flourishment reflected in the city's urban web, which has, unfortunately, undergone major alterations. Focusing on the city's Post-Byzantine period, starting in 1430, for tracing its pluralistic physiognomy, studying the osmosis of its three cultures, Christian, Jewish and Muslim, and figuring out the related cultural palimpsest, still surviv-ing in the collective memory of the city, has been the great challenge of IASIS Postdoctoral Research Project.1 Extensive documentation of various origin, dynamic and combined interpreta-tion and processing of multiple data, cross-checking of the detected infor-mation, have formed the basic principles of IASIS project development. The specific paper forms the first part of Hagia Paraskevi Christian Byzantine Monastery-Namaz Giyah Muslim Mosque-Perifereia Hellenic State Adminis-trative Building cultural landmarks’ integrated management, i.e., the part on the landmarks’ integrated documentation in the framework of IASIS Postdoctoral Research Project. [35, 36]
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Symeonidis, Charalampos, Iason Karakostas, Efstathia Martinopoulou und Ioannis Pitas. „Image-based 3D Shape Reconstruction of Byzantine and Paleochristian Monuments“. Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 9 (13.09.2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2019.9.1.
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In the last decade, visual 3D object surface reconstruction has been increasingly applied in the fields of cultural heritage preservation and archaeology. In this paper, we present a variety of state-of-the-art algorithms and commercial software used in 3D reconstruction and employ one of them for generating 3D monument surface models of some of the most popular Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments located in Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Chistyakova, Olga, und Denis Chistyakov. „Eastern Patristics on Human’s Free Will and Divine Predestination: Conceptual Continuity in the Contemporary Russian Culture“. Religions 12, Nr. 10 (19.10.2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100900.
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This article deals with the most crucial philosophical and theological issue of correlation of freedom, freedom of will, and Divine predestination, which arose in shaping the Christian doctrine and remains emergent for contemporary Russian culture and society. This problem permeated all the centuries of Christianity’s formation, beginning with the period of apologetics, but it reached its climax in the classical Patristics epoch during the Byzantine Trinity and Christological theological disputes between the Western and Eastern Church Fathers. In theological discussions, they formed subtle differences, characterizing the discrepancy between Eastern and Western Patristics representatives’ views. We analyze the creative heritage of Greek-Byzantine (Eastern) Patristics, influencing the relationship between human freedom and Divine predestination, also conducting some comparative analysis with Western Patristics. The attention is also focused on the subtleties mostly of the Greek Church Fathers’ comprehension of connections between free will and freedom of choice, which correlates with human rationality, high morality, and choice of deification as a movement towards God. Philosophical reflection of described ideas of Eastern Patristics is also carried in conjunction with Christian soteriology, that is, the doctrine of spiritual salvation and eternal life. A prominent place in the article is given to some ideas of deification, the moral perfection of personality, and the Absolute spiritual ascent. The article stands on the original teachings of prominent Saints of Eastern Christianity—Maximus the Confessor, Athanasius of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, John of Damascus, and Justin Martyr as a predecessor for both the Eastern and Western Patristics. This article also examines the refraction of the ideas of Church Fathers in contemporary Russian culture and philosophical studies of Patristics and Byzantine philosophy. Adhering to the Russian academic tradition of Byzantology, we present some implementations of Greek Church Fathers’ ideas, particularly on free will and Divine predestination, in the works of gifted Russian Byzantologist scholars. We try to attract the reader’s attention to the valuable Byzantine heritage in order to continue the tradition of studying the Church Father’s legacy in our country.
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Seatović, Svetlana. „New Trends In The Interpretation Of The Poetry Of Vasko Popa Vertical Land And Serbianbyzantine Heritage“. Slavica Lodziensia 1 (14.11.2017): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2544-1795.01.08.
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This paper presents fi ndings on the interpretation of the poetry of Vasko Popa in the last 25 years. They point to a shift in the analyzes that follow new theoretical insights. In the case of collections Vertical land shows how the medieval Serbian and Byzantine heritage built into the cycle of poems in the collection, with special emphasis on the cycle of „Pilgrimage”.
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Higuchi, R., und K. Murata. „3D SCHOLARLY EDITIONS FOR BYZANTINE STUDIES: MULTIMEDIA VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR HISTORY, ART HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY“. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-M-1-2023 (23.06.2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-m-1-2023-125-2023.
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Abstract. The Byzantine Empire has bequeathed to us a rich legacy of Christian churches, many of which possess historical and cultural significance. Unfortunately, the majority of these structures are currently undergoing a process of decay, having not received adequate preservation efforts. Moreover, the absence of collaboration between researchers in the various fields, each with their own focus on the study of Byzantine churches, presents a pressing need for dialogue and a collective response from these researchers. The region of Laconia, located in the south of Greece, is particularly in need of immediate attention, given the abundance of churches located therein. To address these challenges, the authors propose a novel approach involving the documentation of these churches in a digital format through the presentation of 3D models as scholarly editions that incorporate all available data sets in a multimedia format. This paper delineates several requisite specifications for 3D scholarly editions, which hold the key to solving the twin problems faced by Byzantine churches, namely, their protection and the scarcity of interdisciplinary collaboration amongst researchers. With 3D scholarly editions based on multimedia resources and adequate information management, it will be possible to facilitate collaboration and research between various fields of Byzantine studies, and beyond. Such efforts will serve to ensure that cultural heritage passed down from previous generations will be transmitted to future ones.
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Voutounos, Chrysanthos, und Andreas Lanitis. „A Cultural Semiotic Aesthetic Approach for a Virtual Heritage Project“. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 22, Nr. 2 (2018): 230–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne20184581.
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Continuing from Part A (2016), in which we discuss the semiotic foundation for designing a virtual museum of Byzantine art, Part B presents an applied methodology for the representation of cultural artifacts through virtual technologies and semiotic techniques. We discuss how our semiotic model, case study semiosphere, contributes to design and evaluation research of such unique art-form representation and why the approach contributes as a whole to the field of Virtual Heritage (VH). Theorizing further the design implications integrating the overall approach including the evaluation experiment of three VH applications with the participation of young users and its semiotic analysis, we formulate design guidelines that can be applied also to other types of cultural heritage and art.
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Simakina, Polina V. „ART AND HISTORY OF BYZANTIUM IN THE WORK OF ARTIST-JEWELLER EDUARD NIKITIN“. Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 19, Nr. 2 (10.04.2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2023-19-2-70-79.
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The article is devoted to the work of Moscow artist Eduard Nikitin in the context of Byzantine decorative and applied heritage. Eduard Nikitin was born in Chelyabinsk and was educated as a sculptor. He worked as the chief artist at a factory for the production of art products in Chelyabinsk; afterwards, he became an independent jewellery artist. In modern author’s jewellery, the artist-jeweller rethinks the history of Byzantium, creates jewellery in the Art Deco style, basing on the impressions of Byzantine art. The author has always been attracted by the combination of the East and the West, common features and differences that can be expressed in jewellery plastic art. Eduard Nikitin had lived for two years in Finland and worked for Archbishop Johannes. He created a landmark work, The Fall of Constantinople, which is a rethinking of the fall of a great empire. It is worth paying attention to the set of a brooch and earrings, Evening in Byzantium, where the golden parts represent Hagia Sophia and the central blue topaz - the Bosphorus, as a connection between Europe and Asia. The combination of artistic images of monuments presents the organic syncretism of the entire outlined Asiatic region art. This region’s art was born in the regularity of society’s life and its spiritual culture on the basis of reality. The article compares samples of Byzantine art from museum collections with the works of Eduard Nikitin; the author’s views on his own jewellery work are given. In striving for the possible accuracy in the attribution of a work of art, one should not be confined to the era of its creation. Its content and form are often rooted in the distant past. As a result of a long and complex development, a “layered” semantic and artistic structure of the work appears. The fullness of this or that plot is revealed only in the “long time”, during which it is enriched with new meanings. Owing to the author’s interview, there is a synthesis of an artist and a researcher, which is valuable for the analysis of contemporary works. The features of Byzantine art are considered in the context of influence on contemporary artists; the features of the technology for creating jewellery as well as to what extent they are borrowed in modern times and replaced by new technologies are analysed. The main purpose of the article is to show the diversity of Russian contemporary art using the example of one artist.
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Bocharov, Sergei G. „Heritage of the Golden Horde: the origins of Crimean Khanat cities“. Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, Nr. 40 (27.06.2022): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.231.241.
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Golden Horde State during its existence on the Crimean Peninsula origin two towns Solkhat – Krym (modern Stariy Krym) and Kirk-Yer (modern Chufut-Kale). At the time of its emergence in the mid-15th century, the Crimean Khanate "inherited" only these two towns on the peninsula. Coastal Genoese towns - Caffa (modern Feodosia), Soldaia (modern Sudak), Cembalo (modern Balaklava) and Vosporo (modern Kerch) were situated near as well as two towns of the Late Byzantine principality Theodoro: the capital of the principality – Theodoro (now Mangup) and the town Calamita (now Inkerman). As a result of the Ottoman conquest of 1475 the number of Ottoman Crimean towns remained the same, only their names were changed: Caffa became Kefe, Soldaia – Sudak, Cembalo – Balaklava, Vosporo – Kerch, Theodoro – Mangup, Calamita – Inkerman. The total number of the Ottoman Crimean towns remained virtually unchanged for three centuries. In contrast, in the territory of the Crimean Khanate in the last quarter of the 15th and early 16th centuries five new towns were founded. Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlev and Or Kapu were added to two old Golden Horde cities – Solkhat and Kirk-Yer. It were new towns that got priority in development. The political and economic center of Golden Horde Solkhat in the second half of the 15th century would lose its administrative importance and economic influence. During the khan's period it would be called Eski Krym. The main conclusion of the study is that all new towns of the Crimean Khanate (Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlew, Or Kapu) were not connected with the previous centuries-old urbanistic tradition of local Byzantine or Genoese cities, they appeared in previously unoccupied places, where at best there were Golden Horde settlements. The original urban planning foundations of these cities come from the Golden Horde (in the broad sense – the Eastern) urban planning tradition.
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Dolgov, Vadim V. „“Byzantine Gifts” for Rus’: The History of the Cultural Heritage of the Empire“. New Past, Nr. 3 (25.09.2023): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2500-3224-2023-3-230-239.
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Armetta, Francesco, Gabriella Chirco, Fabrizio Lo Celso, Veronica Ciaramitaro, Eugenio Caponetti, Massimo Midiri, Giuseppe Lo Re et al. „Sicilian Byzantine Icons through the Use of Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques and Optical Spectroscopy: The Case of the Madonna dell’Elemosina“. Molecules 26, Nr. 24 (15.12.2021): 7595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247595.
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The iconographic heritage is one of the treasures of Byzantine art that have enriched the south of Italy, and Sicily in particular, since the early 16th century. In this work, the investigations of a Sicilian Icon of Greek-Byzantine origin, the Madonna dell’Elemosina, is reported for the first time. The study was carried out using mainly non-invasive imaging techniques (photography in reflectance and grazing visible light, UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, radiography, and computed tomography) and spectroscopic techniques (X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy). The identification of the constituent materials provides a decisive contribution to the correct historical and artistic placement of the Icon, a treasure of the Eastern European historical community in Sicily. Some hidden details have also been highlighted. Most importantly, the information obtained enables us to define its conservation state, the presence of foreign materials, and to direct its protection and restoration.
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Albani, Jenny P. „Palimpsests of memory: the medieval city of Athens in modern and postmodern contexts“. Historical Review/La Revue Historique 16 (01.04.2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.22821.
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This article addresses attitudes towards the medieval past of Athens from modern to postmodern times. Athens, a symbol of classical civilisation, had become a provincial Byzantine centre. From the proclamation of Athens in 1833 as the capital of the modern Greek state to about 1880, archaeological research in Athens focused on classical antiquities at the expense of the preservation of monuments of the Middle Ages, which was regarded as a period of decline. The historical and artistic value of Athenian medieval monuments has been acknowledged since the late nineteenth century. The international progress of Byzantine studies, the national narrative on the continuity of Greek history, the political concept of the megali idea (“Great Idea”), and contemporary state policies based on “diachrony and synergy” contributed to this significant ideological shift. Athens is, however, still renowned and admired worldwide for its classical past, with its medieval cultural heritage less highlighted.
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Koumaridis, Yorgos. „Urban Transformation and De-Ottomanization in Greece“. East Central Europe 33, Nr. 1-2 (2006): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633006x00114.
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AbstractThis article examines the ways in which nationalism transformed Greek urban space during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through urban planning, architecture, archaeology, the destruction of Ottoman material remains and the promotion of Ancient Greek and (later) Byzantine heritage, urban space was gradually hellenized and cleansed of its Ottoman past. Specific examples, including the case of Thessaloniki, where the strong Ottoman character of the city was gradually effaced, are examined so as to outline the aims and the patterns of this transformation.
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Munawar, Nour A. „Reconstructing Cultural Heritage in Conflict Zones: Should Palmyra be Rebuilt?“ Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 2 (31.12.2017): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v2i0.388.
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Cultural heritage has fallen under the threat of being of damaged and/or erased due to armed conflicts, and destruction has increasingly become a major part of daily news all over the world. The destruction of cultural heritage has escalated in Syria as the ongoing armed conflict has spread to World Heritage Sites, such as Palmyra and the old city of Aleppo. The devastation of Syria’s war has deliberately and systematically targeted archaeological monuments dating from the prehistoric, Byzantine, Roman, and Islamic periods, with no distinction being made of the cultural, historical, and socio-economic significance of such sites. The violence of this conflict is not, of course, limited to the destruction of cultural property, and has first and foremost served to introduce non-state radical actors, such as Daesh, who targeted local people, archaeological site, museum staff and facilities.
The destruction and re-purposing of monuments in Syria, such as Daesh’s attempts to turn churches into mosques, are heavy-handed attempts to re-write history by erasing physical evidence. In this paper, I explore the semantics of continuous attempts to reconstruct cultural heritage sites, destroyed by Daesh, during the ongoing war, and how the destruction and reconstruction of Syria’s heritage have been deployed to serve political agendas.