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1
Malipula, Mrisho Mbegu. „Understanding and Addressing Political - Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: Reflections from Tanzania“. African Journal of Empirical Research 5, Nr. 2 (11.04.2024): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.2.5.
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Systematic literature on the proliferation of political-bureaucratic corruption and ways of fighting it barely exists in Tanzania because political and bureaucratic corruption is dealt with exclusively or is generally associated with corruption. This article, through a conceptual-analytical analysis of relevant secondary data, reveals the factors responsible for Tanzania's vulnerability to political-bureaucratic corruption, elucidates the consequences of political-bureaucratic corruption, and recommends mitigating measures. The article contends that political-bureaucratic corruption is mainly exacerbated due to fragile bureaucratic and political institutions and institutional mechanisms erected to crack down on the vice committed by bureaucratic and political elites. Such institutional fragility strips the legitimacy of the institutions charged to fight it, diminishes development endeavors, and ignites neo-patrimonial social differentiation. As such, containing political-bureaucratic corruption needs an eclectic approach, characterized by a strong political resolve to reinforce state institutions’ zeal in administering law and order, particularly by enhancing the capacities of relevant officials on detection, exposure, and prosecution of politicians and bureaucrats committing corrupt practices irrespective of their status to enthuse trust in their political system.
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Krisnajaya, I. Made, Suripto Suripto, Novi Paramita Dewi, Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani und Lutfi Untung Angga Laksana. „The Political Process of Bureaucratic Reform: Wonosobo Regional Government Experience from 2011-2015“. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 23, Nr. 2 (26.12.2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.42589.
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This study examines the political process of bureaucratic reform in Wonosobo regional government from 2011-2015. The article uses political and bureaucratic frameworks to describe the interplay of bureaucrats and politicians in the phases of bureaucratic reform. Data collection for this study employed document review and in-depth interviews with key informants. Results of the study show that the political process of bureaucratic reform mainly involved dialectical interactions between actors in the Wonosobo Regional Government and the Regional House of Representatives. The interplay of actors can then be explained through the actors’ configuration, issues that are confronted by the actors, conflicts of interest between actors, and influence tactics used by actors in managing issues and struggling for their interests. The experience of the Wonosobo regional government shows that bureaucratic reform does not only concern technical and administrative capacities in carrying out institutional arrangement, but it also involves political aspects namely visionary leadership, strong political will to conduct reform, and effective use of influential tactics to gain political supports for the reform.
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Gomide, Alexandre de Ávila, Raphael Amorim Machado und Rafael da Silva Lins. „A Variação de Capacidades Burocráticas na Administração Pública Federal Brasileira: uma Análise com Dados de Survey“. Organizações & Sociedade 29, Nr. 100 (Januar 2022): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0009pt.
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Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.
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Ege, Jörn. „What International Bureaucrats (Really) Want“. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 26, Nr. 4 (23.11.2020): 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02604003.
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Abstract The secretariats of international organizations (international public administrations [IPA s]) constitute the institutional grid of global governance. While recent research has provided valuable insights into the independent capacities of international organizations (IO s) and the influence of IPA s, we lack systematic knowledge of how scholars conceptualize the preferences of IO staff. This is lamentable because understanding the (unifying) motivations of “international civil servants” helps us to make sense of their behavior and influence during the adoption and application of IO policies. To review how IPA studies conceptualize the preferences of international bureaucrats, this article suggests a fourfold typology of ideal-typical bureaucratic behavior. It distinguishes between the underlying behavioral logic and dominant bureaucratic goal orientation. Applying the typology to thirty-nine journal articles allows us to map IPA preferences and behavior, and shows that the literature predominantly views IPA s as behaving responsibly and less self-centeredly than could be expected from economic accounts of bureaucracy.
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Gomide, Alexandre de Ávila, Raphael Amorim Machado und Rafael da Silva Lins. „The Variation of Bureaucratic Capacities in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration: an Analysis with Survey Data“. Organizações & Sociedade 29, Nr. 100 (Januar 2022): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0009en.
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Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.
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Sahide, Muhammad A. K., Micah R. Fisher, Ahmad Maryudi, Grace Yee Wong, Supratman Supratman und Syamsu Alam. „The bureaucratic politics of conservation in governing land conflict: A typology of capacities“. MethodsX 6 (2019): 2536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.10.022.
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Sanghee, Park. „Politics or Bureaucratic Failures? Understanding the Dynamics of Policy Failures in Democratic Governance“. Korean Journal of Policy Studies 36, Nr. 3 (30.09.2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps36303.
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This study seeks to advance our understanding of policy failures as the nexus of politics and bureaucratic failure. In doing so, it presents a typology to illustrate different types of policy failures by the degree of bureaucratic capacities and politics/political incentives involved in a policy problem, and explores two cases of such failures in South Korea. This study claims that policy failures are joint products of political and bureaucratic failures to varying degrees and that the discussion of both sides helps to enhance accountability and avoid political blame games and bureau-bashing. This study reflects on two Korean cases to demonstrate politically-driven and administratively-driven failures in the high- and low-capacity bureaucracy and their consequences. These cases also reveal the dynamic nature of policy failures moving from one category to another during the policy processes. The first case concerns the failure in emergency response of the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) during and after the sinking of the ferry MV Sewol. A low bureaucratic capacity and lack of motivation to fulfill their function may be the direct cause of the failure, which will be the focus of the discussion of bureaucratic failure. Yet, it also reveals aspects of political failures before and after the accident, where politicians have failed to provide a bureaucratic agency with autonomy and stacked the deck against a less salient agency for political or electoral gains. The second case discusses the politics of preliminary feasibility studies (PFS) required for major public projects. This case explores policy failures uniquely manifested in a highly capable bureaucracy, which shows how politics-laden issues plant the seeds of policy failures driven by the prompt implementation of flawed decisions. The discussion section further discusses key arguments and implications drawn from the case studies. The final section offers concluding thoughts and avenues for future research.
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Bonelli, Francesco, Antônio Sérgio Araújo Fernandes und Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante. „The active dismantling of environmental policy in Brazil: paralysis and setbacks of the deforestation inspection and control“. Sustainability in Debate 14, Nr. 1 (30.04.2023): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v14n1.2023.44277.
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The paper aims to analyse the street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) perception of President Bolsonaro’s administration’s effects on Brazilian environmental policy, emphasising deforestation prevention and control in the Legal Amazon1. Besides the policy dismantling concepts, a theoretical model integrating three complementary analytical dimensions of SLBs’ action – institutional, individual, and relational – was employed in a case-oriented investigation of environmental bureaucrats – Ibama Inspectors and ICMBio Agents. The inquiry used Systematic Content Analysis on interviews with these agents involved in deforestation inspection and control activities. The empirical results confirm the hypotheses that an active dismantling process has been ongoing since the beginning of Bolsonaro’s administration; however, the perceptions of Ibama inspectors seem more intense, especially regarding the institutional dimension. The research illustrates the adverse effects of this process on the agencies and bureaucratic capacities, generating paralysis and setbacks in deforestation inspection and control policies and posing serious risks to the environmental protection in the country. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the strategies that a far-right populist government deliberately adopted to reduce the role of the State, weaken professional bureaucracy, dismantle policies and favour particular interests of groups.
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Campano, Gerald. „The Second Class: Providing Space in the Margins“. Language Arts 82, Nr. 3 (01.01.2005): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20054389.
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A teacher researcher reflects on a student’s migrant narrative in order to illustrate the challenges and possibilities of developing literacy curricula sensitive to the life experiences and cultural identities of children in an educational climate of standardization and high-stakes testing. He conceptualizes a “second class” that occurs during the margins and in-between periods of the school day, an alternative pedagogical space where teachers potentially reconcile bureaucratic demands with the individual needs and capacities of diverse students.
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Jankovic, Stefan, und Andrej Kubicek. „Between latency and political mobilization: (Con)figurations of the ethno-national identification among the bureaucratic-political elite of Serbia“. Sociologija 58, Nr. 4 (2016): 552–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1604552j.
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Paper illuminates ethno-national identifications of Serbia?s bureaucratic-political elite, assuming its (con)figurative principles and diverging forms oscillate between capacities for political mobilization while simultaneously reflecting latency of social order(s). The analysis rests on the data obtained in survey of Serbia?s political elite conducted in 2015, by using Bourdieu?s concept of (political) field and locating these (con)figurations of ethno-national identification as expression of particular (dis)positions and social relations. Prior to the analysis, insufficiencies contained in dominant conceptualizations of identity are exposed, followed by reassessment of theories of nation and ethnicity by highlighting blurred line discontinuity between ethnos/nation has, due to processes of historical (de) politicization. The analysis first detects objective structure of Serbia?s bureaucraticpolitical field. Through construction of scale of ethno-national valence it is shown that detected divergent degrees of ethno-national attachment correspond to structure of bureaucratic-political field, conforming the particular positions of political groups. Divergent contents of ethno-national identification among political groups are extensively analyzed and interpreted as a reflection of fieldstructure and capacity for political mobilization. In conclusion, it is noted that (con)figurations of ethno-national identity among Serbian bureaucratic-political elite differentiate around ethnic, but converge around etatist dimensions, reflecting the opposing conceptions of ?valid? political community.
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Hirschmann, Gisela. „International organizations' responses to member state contestation: from inertia to resilience“. International Affairs 97, Nr. 6 (01.11.2021): 1963–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab169.
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Abstract International organizations (IOs) play a key role in promoting multilateral cooperation on critical transnational issues. Yet, their authority has increasingly been contested by member states that cut financial contributions or even withdraw their membership. How do IOs respond to such contestation? While the existing literature has mostly focused on reactions by other member states, I argue in this article that our understanding of IOs' responses to contestation remains incomplete without an analysis of IO bureaucracies. I propose a conceptual framework to analyse three types of bureaucratic responses: inertia, i.e. no immediate response; adaptation, i.e. institutional changes to maintain the support of the challenging member state(s); and resilience-building, i.e. developing organizational capacities to limit contestation. I argue that each of these responses is shaped by specific bureaucratic mechanisms, namely hunkering, negotiation, framing, coalition-building, shaming and professionalization. Based on a comparative within-case study analysing the reactions of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to budget cuts by the Reagan, Bush and Trump administrations, I further theorize that the organization's threat perception, the position of other member states and bureaucratic leadership are relevant factors that need to be considered to explain the variation in IO responses to contestation.
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Linovski, Orly. „Politics of Expertise“. Journal of Planning Education and Research 36, Nr. 4 (10.07.2016): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x15620656.
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This research assesses how professional expertise is constructed and deployed by public and private sector practitioners. In-depth case studies of urban design projects in two cities with differing local government capacities are used to critically examine professional expertise. The study finds that the expertise of consultants was portrayed as more creative and innovative, less constrained by bureaucratic and political contexts, and more knowledgeable of market conditions. In contrast, descriptions of public employee expertise often focused on regulatory knowledge. This study analyzes the relationship between limited public sector capacity and these constructions of expertise—and the implications for professional practices.
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Hertog, Steffen. „SHAPING THE SAUDI STATE: HUMAN AGENCY'S SHIFTING ROLE IN RENTIER-STATE FORMATION“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, Nr. 4 (30.10.2007): 563a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807071371.
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The article offers a revisionist account of how the modern Saudi state emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. Differing with structuralist “rentier-state” accounts, I contend that individual agency has been very important in shaping the Saudi bureaucracy as oil money gave unique, although temporary, autonomy to princely elites to organize the state around their personal interests. Emerging institutions functioned as power tokens, leading to a fragmented administrative setup in which ministries serve as “fiefdoms” and bureaucratic capacities vary strongly from one institution to another. Through state growth and the “locking in” of distributional commitments, the autonomy of princely elites to redesign the state has strongly declined over time, meaning that many early institutional decisions have permanently impacted the shape and capacities of today's Saudi state. Vis-agrave;-vis rentier theory, I demonstrate that regime autonomy is not constant over time and that the quality of institutions is historically contingent and not determined by oil, which merely enlarges the menu of institutional choices available to rentier-state elites.
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Kapitanets, Svitlana V., Nataliia Varenia, Olena L. Korolchuk, Tetiana Kulinich, Olena Kilnitska und Hanna Holovchak. „Problems of Ensuring Personnel Stability and Security in the Government Authorities of Countries with Economies in Transition“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (05.05.2021): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.77.
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The goal of the article was to investigate the problems of personnel security in the government authorities of countries with a transition economy. Personnel security has been considered from the position of a bureaucratic approach, which makes it impossible for government authorities' personnel policy to be effective and the development of professionalism and democracy. Theories of human resource management and management theory have been defined as general concepts of ensuring personnel security. The connection between the quality of government authorities’ regulatory capacities and the efficiency of the government of transition economy has been revealed; the link between controlling corruption and increasing the efficiency of the government of transition economy has been established.
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Pross, A. Paul. „Parliamentary Influence and the Diffusion of Power“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 18, Nr. 2 (Juni 1985): 235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900030249.
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AbstractSeveral phenomena which have been separately observed in Canada are linked: namely the diffusion of power within the executive-administrative branch, the proliferation and expanded role of pressure groups, and the increased attention parliament has been receiving from interest organizations. Suggesting that this last may reflect fundamental changes in the policy system as a whole, it is argued that a tendency toward bureaucratic pluralism has led agencies to develop extra-governmental support at the interest group level; and that both interest groups and agencies have found it useful to exploit the legitimating and publicizing capacities of parliament. In so doing they have contributed to the enhancement of parliament's role in the policy process.
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Roberts, Andrew. „The Politics of Healthcare Reform in Postcommunist Europe: The Importance of Access“. Journal of Public Policy 29, Nr. 3 (22.10.2009): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x09990110.
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AbstractWhy do countries move from public to private financing of healthcare? This paper explores this issue by looking at the divergent reform trajectories of three postcommunist countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. While existing accounts emphasize veto points to explain changes in healthcare systems, the present analysis finds that moves towards private financing can be better explained by differences in access to the policymaking arm of the state. Specifically, a penetrable single-party government and weak bureaucratic capacities allow physicians to capture the reform process and implement their preferred policies. The results suggest that scholars of health policy should focus more attention on the actors seeking change and their access to policy makers.
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Pourezzat, Ali Asghar, und Ghazaleh Taheri Attar. „Professional Adhocracy, an Appropriate Design for Knowledge Economy in the Light of Mintzberg's Perspective“. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 7, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2009100101.
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Success in the economy of digital age requires special capabilities. These capacities would be able to make the limited economical resources into valuable products. Among future limitations, limitation of super-specialized and expert human resources is very important and determining. Super-specialized human resources are considered as strategic factors and the structure of future organizations should be designed in a way to best utilize the capability of these resources. Therefore, the main problem of future organizations is exploiting and utilizing the knowledge of super-specialized human resources. In this regard, combining the flexibility of adhocratic organizations and expertise-oriented credit of professional bureaucratic tried to design a relatively appropriate structure in the light of Mintzberg’s perspective in order to succeed in future age or the knowledge-oriented age of digital economy.
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Doumbia, Lamine. „Land Tenure and the Grassroots’ Concern in Bamako“. Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 6, Nr. 2 (10.12.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v6i2.207.
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The question of the practice of urban land in Bamako is the subject of a crucial (in-)security, which is based both on bureaucratic imbroglio and on an epistemological difference of regularisations of access to the ground through national, regional, municipal institutions and the grassroots. To put an end to the illegal occupation of urban land by the population in need of housing, the state and its representatives have undertaken urban redevelopment measures. Land speculation is taking hold where the State’s intervention capacities do not seem capable to control demographic pressure. Households have been and continue to be evicted by the authorities for projects deemed as “urban redevelopment” or “public utility.” Some citizens have regrouped in Associations that have set themselves the task of combating abuses by the state.
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Bakır, Caner, und Mehmet Kerem Çoban. „How can a seemingly weak state in the financial services industry act strong? The role of organizational policy capacity in monetary and macroprudential policy“. New Perspectives on Turkey 61 (31.10.2019): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2019.16.
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AbstractIt is widely held in the public policy and political economy literatures that the Turkish state is weak and cannot adopt a proactive approach in the financial services industry by steering and coordinating the financial policy network. However, it is puzzling that this seemingly “weak” Turkish state, which is often marked by fragmentation, conflict, and a lack of policy coordination within the state apparatus, acted strongly between 2010 and 2016 by taking pre-emptive measures to contain the macrofinancial risks arising from hot money inflows and bank credit expansion. Examining the organizational policy capacity of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, this article argues that proactive policy design and implementation are more likely to complement state capacity when the principal bureaucratic actors have strong organizational policy capacities.
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Witting, Christian. „Modelling organisational vicarious liability“. Legal Studies 39, Nr. 4 (04.09.2019): 694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2019.10.
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AbstractThis paper identifies two paradigms of vicarious liability. One is an established paradigm of ‘liberal agency’ found in cases where owner-managers ‘act through’ workers, with whom they have personal relations, in undertaking work tasks. The second paradigm is found in cases concerning bureaucratic organisations, which are characterised by chains of command and variegated decision-making procedures. Courts have grounded organisational responsibility in features such as structure, hierarchy, and control, which this paper uses to construct a model of the ‘deterrable organisation’. The deterrable organisation has important capacities to effect change in behaviour that courts rely on in order to prevent worker wrongdoing. The paper tests the viability of the model against the empirical literature and argues that courts could improve outcomes by a more targeted use of powers to award remedies.
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Džananović, Nedžma. „International Memberships and Their Contribution to the Development of Additional State Capacities of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Membership in the Council of Europe“. Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 9, Nr. 1(25) (20.07.2024): 599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2024.9.1.599.
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The membership of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the Council of Europe, in a broader theoretical sense, is an example of a somewhat neglected aspect in the relations between states and international organizations — the effect that international memberships, with a company in rights and obligations, have on achieving internal political consensus and building additional state capacities. This is particularly important for small, vulnerable, and highly decentralized states like Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although the concept of membership is neither demanding nor exclusive like that of the European Union, BiH waged a fierce diplomatic and political battle for this membership – by fulfilling pre-accession conditions (adopting the Election Law of BiH) and through intensive diplomatic lobbying, along with the obligation to meet a whole series of post-admission conditions. More than two decades of membership have provided examples of building additional state capacities – the imperative for constitutional changes, the upgrading of judicial and diplomatic-bureaucratic infrastructure through the formation of inter-ministerial groups, innovative institutional solutions, introduction of new functions or institutions; projecting one's political values in the context of current problems and issues that the international organization and its membership address, and opening new opportunities for international careers for officials, diplomats, or citizens of BiH.
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Lee, Danbee, und Gregg G. Van Ryzin. „Bureaucratic reputation in the eyes of citizens: an analysis of US federal agencies“. International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, Nr. 1 (21.06.2018): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318769127.
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Bureaucratic reputation has been defined as a set of beliefs about a public organization’s capacities, roles, and obligations that are embedded in a network of multiple audiences (Carpenter, 2010). Although one of the most important audiences in a democracy is the citizenry, very little empirical investigation has looked at citizens’ beliefs about specific government agencies and what individual or contextual factors influence these beliefs. To examine this question, this study analyzes data from a unique 2013 Pew Political Survey that represents the responses of 1500 US citizens on the reputations of 12 federal agencies. Results demonstrate that citizens view the reputations of some agencies (such as the CDC and NASA) much more favorably than other agencies (such as the IRS and the Department of Education). In regression analyses, findings suggest that the reputation of federal agencies varies according to citizens’ general level of trust in government and their political ideology, but that demographic, socioeconomic and regional differences also shape reputation judgments. These findings provide some preliminary empirical understanding of the reputation of government agencies in the eyes of the citizenry and may have implications for agencies seeking to manage their relationship with the public.Points for practitionersBureaucratic reputation has important implications for public administrators because of its influence on a government agency’s autonomy, power, and legitimacy. Our study examines the reputations of 12 US federal government agencies and identifies individual and contextual determinants of citizens’ reputation ratings. We demonstrate that reputations differ between agencies and that certain factors – especially political ideology and trust in government – shape how the public views an agency’s reputation. These findings can help practitioners understand better how to strategically manage their agency’s reputation given an increasingly critical citizenry.
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Lee, Ching Kwan. „State & Social Protest“. Daedalus 143, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00277.
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This essay sketches an array of cultural, political, and bureaucratic mechanisms that mediate the Chinese Communist state's relationship with the major types of social protests, in the process exploring how governance and contention have transformed each other in the past six decades. In particular, it spotlights a noteworthy development in recent years: the increasingly salient market nexus between state and protest. While the regime response of making economic concessions to protesters is hardly unique in the context of China's own past, the transition from top-down mandated concession to pervasive bargaining between the state and protesters is a significant break with past patterns. The negotiability of cash and material rewards insinuates a market logic of governance that is made all the more poignant by the singularly formidable fiscal and infrastructural capacities of the current Chinese regime among its authoritarian counterparts worldwide.
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Su, Fubing, Ming Li und Ran Tao. „Transfer-Based Decentralization and Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in China“. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 49, Nr. 4 (2019): 694–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjy044.
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Abstract China launched a massive poverty alleviation program in the 1990s that focused on nationally designated poverty counties. By injecting earmarked transfers with clear spending mandates, the central government hoped for major investments in productive capacities in the poverty counties so they could develop sustainably. Comparing fiscal data of county governments through a regression discontinuity approach, we show that the opposite was true. Poverty county officials failed to make extra investments in production-oriented areas while diversion of central transfers for administrative consumption was rampant. This article develops a better empirical strategy to challenge some earlier findings. Theoretically, this article offers a different case of elite capture under a non-democratic regime. Our focus on poverty regions also reveals the importance of maintaining bureaucratic support in local politics. It complements the popular notion that Chinese local officials are mostly geared toward growth.
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Pula, Besnik. „Institutionalizing a Weak State: Law and Jurisdictional Conflict between Bureaucratic and Communal Institutions in the Albanian Highlands“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, Nr. 3 (25.06.2015): 637–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000237.
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AbstractWhy do some states fail to establish the capacity of legal regulation among significant sections of their population, and instead allow alternative norms of social order to take the place of those promoted by the state? Existing models of state building in the sociological literature treat the building of modern bureaucratic authority as a political process in which weak state authority results from a state's inability to defeat rival bases of power. On the other hand, neo-institutionalist theory highlights the significant effects that institutional environments have on organization building, but its elaborations of state building have mainly emphasized processes of the diffusion of world society models as central to the making of the modern nation-state. Both models fail to explain how limitations in new states' capacities to govern populations emerge in cases when states fulfill conditions specified by each model. I use the case of state building in the Albanian highlands to show that jurisdictional struggles and resistance that emerge out of distinct cultures of legality are key to understanding why organizationally capable states may fail to establish durable mechanisms of governance among marginal social groups.
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Gandhi, Ajay. „The sanctioning state“. Focaal 2017, Nr. 77 (01.03.2017): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.770102.
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This article examines the Indian state’s engagement with deportable foreign migrants. It draws on an ethnography of officials’ responses in Mumbai to noncitizens from Bangladesh and countries in Africa. The conceptual focus is on the “sanctioning state”: official powers that alternately permit or prohibit migrants’ presence. At one level, the Indian state sanctions, or prohibits, unauthorized migration. Simultaneously, via authorities’ discretionary power, the state can sanction, or permit, foreigners’ presence. To address why state actors simultaneously sanction migrants’ enduring presence, and also sanction their intermittent removal, this article delves into the Indian state’s historical evolution and everyday functioning. The domains of bureaucratic practice, discretionary authority, and differentiated citizenship are framed by antecedent logics. This historical survey undergirds an ethnographic study of the state in migrant-saturated neighborhoods in Mumbai. Based on interviews and observations with officials and migrants, this article elucidates the rationales, capacities, and strategies that comprise the “sanctioning state.”
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Noonan, Kathleen G., Charles F. Sabel und William H. Simon. „Legal Accountability in the Service‐Based Welfare State: Lessons from Child Welfare Reform“. Law & Social Inquiry 34, Nr. 03 (2009): 523–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2009.01157.x.
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Current trends intensify the longstanding problem of how the rule of law should be institutionalized in the welfare state. Welfare programs are being redesigned to increase their capacities to adapt to rapidly changing conditions and to tailor their responses to diverse clienteles. These developments challenge the understanding of legal accountability developed in the Warren Court era. This article reports on an emerging model of accountable administration that strives to reconcile programmatic flexibility with rule‐of‐law values. The model has been developed in the reform of state child protective services systems, but it has potentially broad application to public law. It also has novel implications for such basic rule‐of‐law issues as the choice between rules and standards, the relation of bureaucratic and judicial control, the proper scope of judicial intervention into dysfunctional public agencies, and the justiciability of “positive” (or social and economic) rights.
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Desveaux, James A., Evert A. Lindquist und Glen Toner. „Organizing for Policy Innovation in Public Bureaucracy: AIDS, Energy and Environmental Policy in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 27, Nr. 3 (September 1994): 493–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900017881.
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AbstractGovernments often operate under considerable pressure to respond effectively to the emergence of increasingly complex policy dilemmas. This article first explains some key difficulties in bringing forth comprehensive policy interventions. Despite the ubiquity of social and political constraints to policy innovation, many failures can be attributed to public bureaucracies that are not designed to deal with complex problems, and which all too quickly exceed their policy-making capacities. This study then analyzes why comprehensive policy-making does sometimes occur, and links its occurrence to bureaucratic design factors, arguing that extending organizational capacity for innovation involves more than generous budgets and expertise. The article draws upon, and develops further, Mintzberg's ideas on administrative adhocracy to show how administrative units can be organized to enable bureaucracies to transcend professional compartmentalization and routine; and how structures can be designed for comprehensive policy innovation. The study focuses on Canadian federal bureaucracy, and it is supported by three case studies of recent policy experiments: energy, environment and AIDS.
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Basri, Abdul Rahman, Akbar Silo, Yosephina Ohoiwutun und Untung Muhdiarta. „Efektivitas Pelimpahan sebagian Kewenangan Bupati Kepada Kepala Distrik di Kabupaten Jayapura“. JURNAL EKOLOGI BIROKRASI 12, Nr. 1 (17.06.2024): 38–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jeb.v12i1.3917.
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Since the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, Jayapura Regency has adopted a policy of delegating authority as an effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government administration at the district level. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads based on the Jayapura Regent Regulation Number 13 of 2019 on the Delegation of Partial Authority from the Regent to the District Heads to Perform Certain Local Government Affairs. This study uses a qualitative approach with data triangulation methods, including indepth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results show that although there are some successes in the implementation of delegated authority, various obstacles remain, such as mismatches between the delegated authority and district capacities, lack of trained and competent human resources, and budget limitations. Additionally, the delegation process often lacks adequate accountability and transparency systems. The study also found that unclear policies and regulations, as well as complex bureaucratic processes, hinder the effectiveness of the delegated authority implementation. Some district heads feel that the delegated authority is insufficient to enable them to make quick and accurate decisions to serve local community interests. Recommendations from this study include improving human resource capacity at the district level, enhancing accountability and transparency systems, and simplifying bureaucratic processes to support the effectiveness of delegated authority. Thus, it is expected that the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads can run more optimally and contribute positively to regional development and the improvement of public service quality
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Elmaga, Anabel M. „The Performance, Adaptability, and Stability of the Local Government Units on Government Energy Management Program Implementation“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1395, Nr. 1 (01.09.2024): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1395/1/012041.
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Abstract The 2011 United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Report on Institutional Capacities and Qualities emphasizes the importance of institutional capacities, such as performance, adaptability, and stability, for effective responses to challenges. These capacities align with the principles of New Public Governance (NPG), promoting collaboration among governments, non-profit organizations, businesses, and citizens to address complex public issues efficiently. NPG fosters agility in decision-making and flexibility in policy and program adaptation, shifting the focus from bureaucratic procedures to outcomes and results. This research employed a qualitative approach, aiming to explore people’s experiences and gain insights into their perspectives. The study focused on how informants implemented the Government Energy Management Program and identified factors influencing the performance, adaptability, and stability of the Local Government Units (LGUs) concerning the program. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions conducted by the researcher, along with the Study on national laws, policies, and programs, as well as local and international reports and previous literature related to energy efficiency and conservation implementation. Findings indicate that LGUs face significant challenges in fully implementing the GEMP. Barriers include manpower shortages, financial constraints, and policy gaps. The study highlights the importance of designating Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) Officers and Focal Persons within LGUs and underscores the need for clear policies and guidelines for energy conservation across government buildings. Collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders are crucial to overcoming these challenges. This research identifies obstacles hindering the effective execution of the GEMP in local government. Strengthening energy conservation measures and fostering collaboration among stakeholders is vital for achieving sustainable energy goals. Local Government Units (LGUs) have a crucial function in establishing energy efficiency benchmarks, offering incentives for energy-saving measures, and implementing successful policies. The study emphasizes the significance of effective policy development, implementation, and resource allocation at the local government level in driving energy efficiency and conservation efforts.
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Oshim, Judethadeus Chukwuebuka, Ifeyinwa Elizabeth Nnajieze und Cyracus Ezechi Nwanekpe. „Promoting Global Partnerships for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria: The Nexus Between Sustainable Development Goal 17 and Goal 8“. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 12, Nr. 6 (15.06.2024): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol12n64458.
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This study examines the impact of external debt, foreign direct investment (FDI), and official development assistance (ODA) on Gross Domestic Product Per Capita Growth (GDPPCG) in Nigeria. Using econometric analysis based on annual data from relevant sources, including World Bank and IMF databases, the study employs ARDL regression models to assess the relationships between these financial inflows and economic growth indicators. The findings highlight the significant effect of external debt on GDPPCG, underscoring the importance of prudent fiscal management and sustainable debt practices to direct resources towards productive investments. Conversely, FDI and ODA exhibit non-significant impacts, suggesting challenges in maximizing their contributions to sustainable economic development due to infrastructure deficiencies, regulatory complexities, and governance inefficiencies in Nigeria. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing debt sustainability through transparent financial governance and strategic investment in infrastructure and human capital. Improving the investment climate for FDI by streamlining bureaucratic processes and offering sector-specific incentives is crucial. Similarly, optimizing the effectiveness of ODA involves aligning aid with national development priorities and strengthening institutional capacities for aid coordination.
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Sili, Marcelo, und Jochen Dürr. „Bioeconomic Entrepreneurship and Key Factors of Development: Lessons from Argentina“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 4 (21.02.2022): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042447.
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For Argentina, a country with large biomass availability, scientific-technological capacities and a strong agro-industrial sector, bioeconomy comes with an opportunity for sustainable local and national development. As key actors in bioeconomic transition processes, entrepreneurs become an important source of information for the design and implementation of bioeconomic strategies and policies. However, bioeconomic activity cannot guarantee sustainable development outcomes. Here, we examine factors that influenced bioeconomic entrepreneurship and related sustainability outcomes. Our case study involved interviews with 23 enterprises of varying size and technological level, covering the main sectors and regions of the Argentine bioeconomy. We identify five bioeconomic pathways with distinct characteristics. Among the main factors driving development in these pathways of the Argentinian bioeconomy, entrepreneurs emphasized the rich endowment with natural resources and the high level of scientific, technological and entrepreneurial capacities. Public policies, economic stability and regulatory frameworks were considered as the most critical barriers to bioeconomic development. Entrepreneurs saw their contribution to sustainable development primarily in the generation of new knowledge and employment. Ecological or social motives were less frequently reported. Despite agricultural commodity production being the mainstay of the Argentinian bioeconomy, small-scale local initiatives, which also include socio-institutional and agro-ecological innovations, are coming up. Recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the Argentinean bioeconomy include the elaboration of a national bioeconomic development policy with the participation of private actors and their organizations, and the scientific and technological complex. Moreover, regulatory and normative frameworks have to be adapted and bureaucratic obstacles be reduced. Finally, a national strategy for the bioeconomy in Argentina should pay more attention to entrepreneurship as a driver of transformation.
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Holloway, Jessica, Ann Nielsen und Sarah Saltmarsh. „Prescribed distributed leadership in the era of accountability“. Educational Management Administration & Leadership 46, Nr. 4 (09.02.2017): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143216688469.
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Contemporary accountability frameworks position school leaders as being essential to improving school performance and driving innovation. Simultaneously, new accountability demands have forced the restructuring of school leadership, both in terms of form and function. In this paper, we look at the growing trend of distributed leadership among teachers who are tasked to assume leadership roles while maintaining their (sometimes reduced) teaching responsibilities. In the US, federally backed programs have incentivized schools to bolster teacher leadership opportunities, often predicated on claims of teacher empowerment and leadership democratization. Given the rise in distributed leadership as a prescribed local governance structure, we examined one popular distributed leadership model in the US to better understand how the teacher leaders are experiencing their dual roles and responsibilities. Drawing on focus group interviews with mentor teachers, we found tension between the teachers’ expectations with regard to increased collegiality and mentoring opportunities, and their actual experiences of bureaucratic control and finding that their expectations were unrealistic. We argue that prescribed, incentive-driven forms of distributed leadership can place teacher leaders in precarious positions that demand more of their time, while limiting their capacities to participate in the leadership practices they deem most valuable.
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Musrifah, Hanni Naylatus Syarifah und Adit Saputra. „Peran Hukum Internasional dalam Penanganan Perubahan Iklim: Studi Meta-Analisis terhadap Kesepakatan Paris“. Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2, Nr. 4 (05.01.2025): 615–25. https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v2i4.2233.
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Climate change poses a significant global challenge requiring robust international legal frameworks to ensure effective mitigation and adaptation. This study examines the role of international law in implementing the Paris Agreement, focusing on the challenges and opportunities of its bottom-up approach to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Utilizing a meta-analytic methodology, the research synthesizes findings from 30 scholarly articles and policy documents to identify critical patterns and gaps. The findings reveal disparities between developed and developing nations in achieving NDC targets, driven by differences in financial and technological capacities. Developed nations exhibit higher success rates due to better infrastructure and funding, while developing nations struggle with significant barriers such as limited access to climate finance and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of accountability and transparency mechanisms, such as the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), in fostering international cooperation. The study recommends reforms in global climate finance, enhanced institutional capacity in developing countries, and stronger collaborations for technology transfer. By addressing these gaps, the Paris Agreement can serve as a more effective platform for global climate action. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on climate governance and provide actionable insights for policymakers and international stakeholders.
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Hashmi, Zehra. „Making Reliable Persons: Managing Descent and Genealogical Computation in Pakistan“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2021): 948–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041752100030x.
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AbstractIn 2016, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), which produces Pakistan’s biometric-based national identity card, publicly announced that it would be “re-verifying” identity cards for a national security drive. NADRA relies on the documentation of descent-based relations, including genealogical charts (shajarah-yi-nasab), for its verification procedures. In so doing, NADRA asks the difficult question of who belongs where and who is a citizen, based on who they used to be. This article historically traces the movement of genealogies between the realm of the familial and the bureaucratic. I examine how the colonial state deployed genealogical expertise and how this formation folds into the postcolonial present in ways that shape capacities for genealogy-based claims to identity. It demonstrates how what I term “genealogical computation” extends beyond the domain of governance into articulations of identity that seek to establish status, reliability, and trustworthiness. I argue that “reliable persons” are produced in contemporary Pakistan through an encounter between the genealogical computations of citizens and the expectations of an ethno-securitized state. This encounter is borne out of a rehearsed relation where one’s genealogy, which has held a particular meaning in relation to one kind of security state (the colonial), is now asked to take on another.
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Paul Terlumun Bemgba und Ene Vincent-Orugbo. „From Democracy to Dictatorship: The Economic Impact of Guinea's 2021 Coup“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, Nr. 3 (30.12.2024): 899–905. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3739.
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The central thesis of this paper is the examination of economic management within the period of Alpha Conde and Colonel Mamady Doumbouya in Guinea. To achieve this objective, the scope of this paper was limited to the Guinea coup of 2021 which was incidental to the promulgation permitting Alpha Conde to seek two more terms in office even though he just won his third reelection bid. The paper adopted the content analysis of secondary materials such as journal articles, magazines, the internet, etcetera using the desk research methodology. The purposive technique was adopted for sample (document) selection. The presentation and discussion of data were done in prose. As demonstrated, there is indeed a relationship between political institutions and economic performance. While Guinea’s coup d’état provided the Guinean people with hope that their political and economic conditions may improve, the military’s assumption of power potentially made things worse for the Guinean people as can be seen with the GDP rate for 2020 and 2021. Aside from international disapproval of an unconstitutional takeover, Guinea’s economy suffered as a result of crippling sanctions. Regardless of regime type, there should be limited state intervention in the economy, leaders should eschew clientelist tendencies, and the promotion of bureaucratic capacities as measures to ensure effective economic management.
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Sudrajat, Agus, Retnayu Prasetyanti, Alih Aji Nugroho und Noor Shaky Iskandar. „Vocational village model: Bridging the gaps towards sustainable rural development“. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, Nr. 13 (07.11.2024): 7021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd7021.
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This study intends to explore the idea of a vocational village strategy to foster sustainable rural development. Vocational villages, offering targeted skills training and economic opportunities, present a compelling soft approach to rural development, addressing the need for sustainable livelihoods and community empowerment. Drawing upon the collaborative governance (the penta-helix model); underpinning the social capital perspective; and highlighting the economic, institutional, cultural, environmental, technological, and institutional dimensions of sustainable development, a vocational village strategy is expected to level up village capacities and facilitate modernization. The research was narratively developed through a qualitative methodology using primary and secondary data sources. Primary empirical data was employed to analyze vocational village practices in Panggungharjo Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia as a representative example. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) framework provided secondary data to present comparative literature on vocational village development. The findings determined a four-staged vocational village model includes initiation, training, business development, and independence. The success of this model is contingent upon political, bureaucratic, and sociocultural factors (social capital), as well as the effective collaboration of government, academia, industry, and community (penta-helix). This research contributes to the urgency of vocational village practices and models as a viable strategy for achieving equitable and sustainable rural development.
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Awuor, Luckrezia, Richard Meldrum und Eric N. Liberda. „Institutional Engagement Practices as Barriers to Public Health Capacity in Climate Change Policy Discourse: Lessons from the Canadian Province of Ontario“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 17 (31.08.2020): 6338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176338.
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Public health engagement in the communication, discussion, and development of climate change policies is essential for climate change policy decisions and discourse. This study examines how the existing governance approaches impact, enable, or constrain the inclusion, participation, and deliberation of public health stakeholders in the climate change policy discourse. Using the case study of the Canadian Province of Ontario, we conducted semi-structured, key informant interviews of public health (11) and non-public health (13) participants engaged in climate change policies in the province. The study results reveal that engagement and partnerships on climate change policies occurred within and across public health and non-public health organizations in Ontario. These engagements impacted public health’s roles, decisions, mandate, and capacities beyond the climate change discourse; enabled access to funds, expertise, and new stakeholders; built relationships for future engagements; supported knowledge sharing, generation, and creation; and advanced public health interests in political platforms and decision making. However, public health’s participation and deliberation were constrained by a fragmented sectoral approach, a lack of holistic inter-organizational structures and process, political and bureaucratic influences, irregular and unestablished communication channels for public health integration, and identities and culture focused on functions, mandates, biased ideologies, and a lack of clear commitment to engage public health. We conclude by providing practical approaches for integrating public health into climate change discourse and policymaking processes and advancing public health partnerships and collaborative opportunities.
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HANIFAH, ZARMA, SITI FATIMAH und AZMI FITRISIA. „PEMIKIRAN FILSAFAT POSTMODERN DALAM MEMBANGUN PEMERINTAHAN YANG INKLUSIF“. CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan 4, Nr. 4 (27.12.2024): 588–96. https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v4i4.4007.
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The development of inclusive governance is both a challenge and a necessity in Indonesia, a country marked by immense cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. This article analyzes the application of postmodern philosophical principles, such as pluralism and deconstruction, in fostering more inclusive governance. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the study explores how decentralization and bureaucratic reform in Indonesia can adopt postmodern values to enhance representation and public participation. The findings indicate that while these principles are relevant, their implementation faces obstacles, including social inequality, limited infrastructure, and centralized policy dominance. Thus, strengthening local government capacities, systematic monitoring, and equitable resource distribution are essential for the successful adoption of postmodernism-based inclusive governance in Indonesia. This article aims to contribute theoretically and practically to the development of public policies adaptive to societal diversity. ABSTRAKPembangunan pemerintahan inklusif menjadi tantangan sekaligus kebutuhan di Indonesia yang memiliki keberagaman budaya, agama, dan etnis yang sangat tinggi. Artikel ini menganalisis penerapan prinsip-prinsip filsafat postmodern, seperti pluralisme dan dekonstruksi, dalam membangun pemerintahan yang lebih inklusif. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan studi pustaka, artikel ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana desentralisasi dan reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia dapat mengadopsi nilai-nilai postmodern untuk meningkatkan keterwakilan dan partisipasi masyarakat. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip ini, meskipun relevan, masih menghadapi tantangan berupa ketimpangan sosial, keterbatasan infrastruktur, dan dominasi kebijakan terpusat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas pemerintah daerah, pengawasan yang sistematis, serta dukungan sumber daya yang lebih merata untuk memastikan keberhasilan implementasi pemerintahan inklusif berbasis postmodernisme di Indonesia. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi teoretis dan praktis dalam pengembangan kebijakan publik yang adaptif terhadap keberagaman masyarakat.
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Putra, Helmi Perdana. „IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 87 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG SATUAN TUGAS SAPU BERSIH PUNGUTAN LIAR DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR“. dia 17, Nr. 1 (17.06.2019): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v17i1.2873.
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ABSTRACTThe rise of illegal levies that occur in Indonesia has damaged the joint life of society, nation and state. On October 20, 2016, the President issued Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2016 concerning the Wild Sweeping Clean Sweep Task Force by appointing the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs to control and be responsible for the activities of the Wild Sweeping Clean Sweep Task Force. How is Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2016 concerning the Clean Sweeping Task Force Task Force implemented? What is the Policy Model for the Wild Sweeping Task Force Clean Sweep Task Force? The focus of this research analysis is that good governance actors consist of, first, the state, which is elaborated in the executive, legislative and judiciary branches and the military. Second, civil society, consisting of NGOs, mass organizations, mass media, associations based on professionalism, religious groups and others. And third, economic markets. The three actors of good governance interact with each other and influence each other according to their respective capacities. Analyzed from Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2016 concerning the Clean Sweeping Task Force on Wild Levies, Policy of East Java Governor Surat Keputusan Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 188/624/kpts/013/2016 concerning the Establishment of the Wild Sweeping Clean Sweep Task Force in East Java and the Guiding Factors for Target, Communication, Resources, Disposition, Bureaucratic Structure, Characteristics of Implementing Institutions, Social, Economic and Political Conditions. The research findings obtained that since the implementation of the activities of the eradication of the Provincial/Regency/City extortion unit up to September 12, 2018, a total of 712 cases were obtained, for law enforcement in the form of arrest operations of 228 suspected suspects, and from both provincial, district , and the City as many as 133 people were caught in the operation caught red-handed.
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Wargadinata, Ella, Ezzat Sayid Aly und Alma'arif Alma'arif. „Evaluation of Jakarta Province in Information and Technology Management“. Jurnal Bina Praja 14, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2022): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.453-464.
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Electronic government has become an important issue in Indonesia's bureaucratic reform. Aside from the big-bang decentralization policy, e-govt has endorsed national concerns to digitize the rigid manual procedures of public services. Jakarta, as the capital city, emphasizes IT- the backbone of administration. IT is yet widely used by Jakarta to get a new shape in Jakarta's capabilities and capacities. Over two decades, passing different governors, Jakarta persistently injected IT into public administration, launching integrated IT applications to present a smart city. Despite the award of Jakarta digital services, Jakarta IT management should be evaluated. The approach used in the research to examine the symptoms of the object of study is a mixed-method approach with a sequential model. The informant selection technique uses purposive sampling. Informants' selection process by adjusting the business processes in COBIT 2019 using the RACI Chart method. The data analysis techniques used Guttman Scale. The result shows the appropriate business processes are: APO02 (managed strategy), APO03 (driven architecture), BAI05 (managed organizational change), and DSS06 (managed business process control). The study results show that the capability level is t of 4 scales as a target. The gap value of 0.25 indicates that technology and information management have been implemented and running well, but each business process needs improvement to reach the maximum level. Despite the gap between as-is and to-be, Jakarta's capability level is impressive. It reflects the persistent injection of IT with adequate support. The Jakarta province needs to pay attention to software and hardware compatible with the organization's vision and improve coordination among divisions. Training, staffing, dispatching, and rotating need qualified human resources to enhance organizational performance. DKI Jakarta Province also needs routine monitoring, evaluating problems, and documenting all business processes as a source of information.
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Zurab Nasaraia, Zurab Nasaraia. „PRIORITIES OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF STATE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND INVESTMENT POLICY IN GEORGIA“. Economics 105, Nr. 1-2 (22.03.2023): 07–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/1-2/2023-07.
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The article discusses current issues of financial support of state investment activities and investment policy, analysis of current practice and current situation. The study analyzes the financial and credit regulation of investments in Georgia and the relationship with the investment environment, its positive and negative aspects,the relationship of investment property financial decisions to a sequence of political, socio-economic and cultural factors, as well as challenges and opportunities in this area. The attention was focused on aspects such as: ensuring the stability of the macroeconomic and political environment, developing fiscal and monetary policies, taking into account the interests of the production sector, creating a transparent, efficient, stable and legal environment, removing bureaucratic and corruption barriers, revitalizing the work of agencies promoting investment activities. Moreover, there are estimated "SWOT factors" strengths and weaknesses of the investment environment of Georgia, its capabilities and threats. The author notes that Georgia will be able to interest investors in further expanding the production capacities in which they have already invested, only if it provides: - socio-economic stability within the country, - development of communication structures, - high level of education. Georgia has such an important factor as cheap labor force (due to low qualification of workers and high level of unemployment), which is one of the decisive factors for placing investment funds in the country. The author has focused on the growth of such financial resources in the structure of foreign investments, which will be directed to the restoration and development of production based on the state's interests. Improving the business institutional environment necessary for creating new industries, accelerating the process of economic liberalization and increasing the efficiency of the financial sector. Keywords: investment environment, funds, credit rating, public debt, foreign investments, transport sector.
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MARTÍNEZ-PUCHE, ANTONIO, und MARIA HERNÁNDEZ. „PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: AN EXPLORATORY APPROACHIN THE REGION OF VALENCIA (SPAIN)“. Revue Roumaine de Géologie / Romanian Journal of Geology 68, Nr. 1 (20.06.2024): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrg.2024.1.01.
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This paper addresses the exercising of local development in Spain, particularly in the Region of Valencia. At the end of 1980, a professional position was created to form part of the public administrations, who would be responsible for attracting economic resources, diversifying economic activities, taking advantage of the capacities and possibilities of the territories, and encouraging the creation of employment opportunities. These activities have been conducted from a holistic and integrated perspective, in which professional geographers participate from both an applied and training point of view. The objectives of this publication, based on a survey carried out in 2019 involving114 professionals belonging to the Federation of Technical Personnel in Local Development Management of the Region of Valencia (ADLYPSE) and in-depth interviews, are to explore: a) the academic profiles; b) the type of actions carried out in the territory; and c) the importance of these actions, highlighting the close relationship between Geography and the management of territorial resources. Among the results, it is worth highlighting that, despite the importance of these experts in the promotion and management of the territory's resources, they have no professional recognition in many of the region’s municipalities since they have been limited to managing subsidies and financial aid, and have an excess of bureaucratic tasks. Therefore, the professional profiles of technical staff in local development should be adapted to the real needs of the territories in which they work, since an industrial or tourist municipality will have different priorities to a rural municipality with a small population. The importance of training, in general, and geography training, in particularly, is also underlined. Of the five university master's degrees that are currently active in Spain, having a clear link to local development, three are led by geographers.
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Shillie, Peter Ngek, Mary-Juliet Egwu Bime, Roland Azibo Balgah und Miranda Lambiv Wiysherinyuy. „Access to and Repayment of Agricultural Credit in the Face of COVID 19“. Finance & Economics Review 4, Nr. 1 (23.02.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/fer.v4i1.335.
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Purpose: Gender differences in access to and repayment of loans seem to be the reason behind the persistent subsistence and small-scale nature of most agribusinesses in Cameroon. This study examines access to and repayment of agricultural credit in the face of COVID 19 in the West Region of Cameroon building on evidence from selected microfinance institutions in the West Region of Cameroon. Specifically, the study mirrors gender differences in microfinance loan disbursements and repayments, determinants of loan repayment, and constraints to loan access and loan repayment during the period of COVID 19. Method: The purposive sampling technique was employed to select 100 farmers who had access to agricultural credit in three villages in the West Region of Cameroon. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for primary data collection and secondary data was collected from microfinance institutions and the internet. Collected data were analyzed employing tables, frequencies, t-test, and regression analysis. Results: Findings indicated that there was a positive insignificant difference in the amount of credit received and repaid by male farmers than that of the female farmers. The male and female have equal access to credit and the same repayment capacities (R2 = 0.55 or 55%). Loan repayment was statistically and significantly determined by loan amount, interest rate, and time lag for repayment at the 5% significance level. Serious constraints to loan access were lack of sensitization, lack of collateral security, and illiteracy while major constraints to loan repayment were family commitment, price fluctuation, crop failure, high cost of production, and interest payment. Implications: Increasing the ceiling for loan amount approved for farmers and curbing excessive bureaucratic procedures would ensure minimal diversion of the loans, higher income for the farmers, and hence better repayment rates. Originality: The distinctiveness of this study is viewed from the context of the COVID 19 pandemic within which data was collected, thus capturing how the pandemic situation played a role in access to and repayment of agricultural loans from the perspective of gender.
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Moreno Plata, Miguel. „The Paradigmatic Depletion of the Neoliberal State in Latin America: Exploring the Governance for Sustainable Development“. Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia, Nr. 69 (01.01.2017): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.69733/clad.ryd.n69.a141.
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During the contemporary period, the evolution of the great majority of Latin American States has followed two main directions: neoliberalism and neopopulism. Although these political formations are based on antagonistic paradigms, both currents have a fundamental coincidence: the weakening of the institutional capacities of the State, as well as the emergence of conflicting relations between the State and other central actors, of both market, and civil society. In this context, it is necessary to explore new frameworks of analysis that enable the construction of new state institutions which guarantee autonomy and efficient cooperation between the different socio-political spheres in the modern era. The main objectives of this work are the exploration of new theoretical approaches for the resizing of the role of the State in Latin America, particularly in development policies. For it, three central themes are analyzed: 1) the theories related to the developmental State, with emphasis on the role of bureaucratic organizations, based on the review of the experience of Southeast Asian countries; 2) the analysis of some of the main contributions of the governance model, with emphasis on the distribution of power among the different sociopolitical agents, especially the State and the government; and 3) a brief review of the complex and interactive nature of the sustainability paradigm and its implications for the role of the State in development processes. The principal conclusions of this paper point to the integration of a broad research agenda that places at the center of the political and academic debate, the need for a profound reform of the State, with emphasis on the aspects related to the institutional mechanisms of cooperation and interaction of the State with other central actors in development policies, as well as the reconfiguration of supranational institutions in the region, as a basis for the integration and implementation of sustainable human development agenda policies for the 21st century.
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ЖАВОРОНОК, Артур, und Світлана ТУЛЬЧИНСЬКА. „МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ СИСТЕМОЮ НАДАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПОСЛУГ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ КРАЇНИ“. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 320, Nr. 4 (29.06.2023): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-320-4-50.
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The article is devoted to the disclosure of the mechanisms of state management of the system of providing social services in the context of ensuring economic security of the country. The system of providing social services was formed to support and to help the population of the country who found themselves in difficult life circumstances. The system of providing social services is formed from a set of subjects involved in the process of providing social services. The principles of social services provision are defined. The current conditions of Ukraine's development, martial law, social and economic crisis are prompting Ukrainian society to look for ways to optimize the system of social services. The mechanism of state management of the system of social services provision is revealed. The mechanism of regulatory and legal support of the system of social services provision is characterized. The author analyzes the organizational mechanism of public administration of the system of social services. It is established that the responsible authorities in the system of social services provision are: central authorities (the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine), local executive authorities (local state administrations) and local self-government authorities (local councils of territorial communities). According to Ukrainian legislation, local community councils play a crucial role in providing basic social services to the population, directly influence the process of service delivery and cooperate with recipients of social services. Therefore, the quality of the state's social functions depends on the effectiveness of building a system of social services at the local level. The problems and ways to improve the mechanism of public administration of the system of social services are identified. In particular, there is a need to develop a unified or well-defined approach to the formation of social local self-government authorities, create technical capacities for the submission of documents by recipients of social services, and simplify the bureaucratic approach to the registration of personal files of recipients of social services and ensure the efficiency of these processes in the context of ensuring economic security of the country.
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Tatlı, Turgay. „Eğitim Kurumlarında Yenilikçi Dönüşümlerin Yukarıdan Aşağıya ve Aşağıdan Yukarıya Yönlü Uygulamasının İncelenmesi“. Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, Nr. 20 (25.12.2023): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.20.31.
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There are top-down and bottom-up oriented application models in the implementation of innovative transformations in educational institutions. It would also be appropriate to mention the hybrid approach as a model that synthesizes them. In the top-down implementation model regarding the implementation of policies, policies have defined goals and objectives against which performance can be measured. Policies have clearly defined means of implementation for the achievement of objectives. An education policy is generally determined by a law or other legal regulation. The application chain is started by giving orders from the top. It is believed that the political or administrative decision-makers who create and shape the policy have a good knowledge of the capacities of practitioners and their appetite for work. Capacity also covers the availability of all kinds of resources of the institution (human, financial, Jul-tific authority and discretion). Employment, on the other hand, includes the desires of practitioners in fulfilling the goals and objectives set by decision makers. After all, if the necessary plans, structures and tools are created to achieve executive success, there is no other reason for practitioners not to be successful. Another model, the bottom-up model, has emerged in response to the top-down model. According to this approach, it is the approach that draws attention to the importance of the base in policy implementation and that the most extreme public policy practitioners who are in contact with the public in a hierarchical structure are the ones who play the main role. These practitioners include doctors, nurses, police officers, members of the bureaucratic service, social workers and other people who provide services in direct contact with the public, especially educational administrators and teachers. Dec. According to this approach, the goals and objectives set by tepe management are not very clear and understandable. Therefore, it not only conflicts with other objectives in the same public policy area, but also with the motivation and values of public servants who provide services. On the other hand, some studies have shown that local practitioners are working towards their own goals instead of pursuing strategic goals and objectives guided and determined by the tepe management. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Innovative Transformation, Application Models
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Pantielieieva, N., M. Khutorna, O. Goncharenko, L. Kirdei, V. Kokhan und T. Dudnyk. „FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT“. Випробування та сертифікація, Nr. 1(1) (12.09.2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/ts.01.2023.12.
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In the conditions of a full-scale war, increasing the efficiency of foreign economic activity, the effectiveness of the institutional infrastructure and the implementation of permanent state control over production, export/import operations in the field of weapons and military equipment has become extremely relevant. The purpose of the research is to generalize the regulatory framework, identify the features of the institutional infrastructure and critically analyze the practice of foreign economic activity in the field of armaments and military equipment, justify proposals for its improvement. The methodology of the research consisted of systematic, comparative and economic analysis. It was determined that the effectiveness of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the field of armaments and military equipment is affected by such factors as the complexity and tension of the geopolitical situation, military aggression, imperfect regulation, lack of financial resources for the purchase of weapons in foreign countries in the conditions of restrictions on the international market and complex domestic economic situation, lack of technological capabilities for the production of complex systems and modernization of existing military equipment to quickly cover own defense needs and further export, and other factors.
The analysis of regulatory and legal regulation and institutional infrastructure revealed the beginning of their significant transformation in terms of increasing transparency, accountability and economic efficiency of the foreign economic activity of armaments and military equipment. The assessment of the export potential of Ukraine in the field of armaments and military equipment revealed the ineffectiveness of the functioning of special exporters of the State Concern “Ukroboronprom” in connection with the use of “gray” schemes and the expediency of expanding the exporters of military equipment at the expense of attracting private enterprises. The post-war implementation of the Defense and Security Strengthening Program of Ukraine with the involvement of foreign investors should not only revive the export of domestic armaments and military equipment, but also “cleanse” the defense sphere of unscrupulous and inefficient participants. The dynamics of the obligations of the countries of the world and Ukraine's acquisition of weapons and military equipment are quite powerful, but they are not without certain problems regarding the unpreparedness of technical and technological capacities, the imperfection of the military-industrial complex of Europe in logistics and the production of significant volumes of weapons in a short period of time, bureaucratic obstacles and the impossibility rapid coordination and compliance with the requirements of legislation at the interstate level regarding pricing, taxation, etc. Directions were identified and proposals for improving the mechanism of foreign economic activity in the field of armaments and military equipment were formulated.
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McCall, Douglas S., Irving Rootman und Dale Bayley. „International School Health Network: an informal network for advocacy and knowledge exchange“. Promotion & Education 12, Nr. 3-4 (September 2005): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030121.
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In Canada, researchers, policy-makers and non-governmental organisations have re-conceptualized the school setting as being an ecological entity, linked to parallel ecologies of the homes and the community it serves. The school, public health and other systems that seek to deliver programs in that setting are open, loosely coupled and bureaucratic. This reconceived view of the school as a setting for health promotion leads to an emphasis on building organizational, system, professional and community capacity. One of the most effective ways of building such capacities when resources are scarce is to invest in a variety of formal and informal networks that can sustain themselves with little or no external resources. A number of recognised researchers from the health and education sectors have emphasized this systems-based approach and the need to build supportive, small-scale networks or learning communities. In recent health promotion research, networking at various levels, across sectors and within communities is viewed as a key strategy within new, more effective health promotion strategies. In education, the notion of networking for educational change has been described as "learning communities" for continuous school improvement. The authors suggest that this strategy of networking be used at the international level to address several global challenges: • There is no single, convenient way to obtain basic information about the status and nature of national and state/provincial school health programs around the world. • There is no global research agenda in school health promotion, despite the obvious value of sharing such research and knowledge. • There is no global mechanism to facilitate the development of common or shared tools for surveillance of child/youth health and monitoring of school health policies and programs, despite the excellent work being done in individual countries and by the European Network of Health Promoting Schools. • There is no international mechanism with a focus on school health that brings together the following stakeholders: educational organisations with public health organisations; researchers with government officials and practitioners; those who work in Spanish, English, French and other languages; issue-specific networks with health generalists. An invitation is given to government officials, researchers and national school health associations to join an informal International School Health Network (ISHN} (soon available at: www.internationalschoolhealt.org}. Discussions about the formation of the ISHN have been held with a number of participants at several international meetings and have culminated in a fledgling network that will focus on electronic and web-based exchanges of information, developing a global school health research agenda, exchanging effective materials and tools, informing policy-makers about effective practices, policies and programs. This network would build on and not duplicate the work of existing networks and include participation from WHO, OECD, UNESCO, the IUHPE and the World Bank. The next large meeting of the ISHN will occur at the IUHPE 2007 Conference in Vancouver, Canada (www.iuhpe conference.org). Before then the ISHN will organise several on-line projects and teleconferences. For more information, contact dmccall@jcsh-cces.ca
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Hilhorst, Dorothea. „Responding to Disasters: Diversity of Bureaucrats, Technocrats and Local People“. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 21, Nr. 1 (März 2003): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700302100102.
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The relations between disaster experts, governments, and local people have often been considered problematic in disaster situations. The idea that disasters caused by natural hazards are the ultimate terrain of experts and managers has been discredited by approaches focusing on the capacities and coping practices of local people, while the role of governments in the interplay between experts and local people is often left unclear. This paper reviews some recent insights into the complexity of these relations by introducing the notion of social domains of disaster responses. Social domains are areas of social life where ideas and practices concerning risk and disaster are exchanged, shared and more or less organized because of a certain proximity, physically or discursively, in the ways references are made to disaster and risk. The study of social domains allows one to focus on the everyday practices and movements of actors negotiating the conditions and effects of vulnerability and disaster. The paper first discusses how experts and local people are represented in different subsequent paradigms of disaster studies; elaborates on the importance of social domains for studying disaster response; after which the three domains of disaster science, governance and local people will be discussed.