Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Buildings, structure, ets“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Date, Jennifer, José A. Candanedo und Andreas K. Athienitis. „A Methodology for the Enhancement of the Energy Flexibility and Contingency Response of a Building through Predictive Control of Passive and Active Storage“. Energies 14, Nr. 5 (03.03.2021): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051387.
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Optimal management of thermal energy storage in a building is essential to provide predictable energy flexibility to a smart grid. Active technologies such as Electric Thermal Storage (ETS) can assist in building heating load management and can complement the building’s passive thermal storage capacity. The presented paper outlines a methodology that utilizes the concept of Building Energy Flexibility Index (BEFI) and shows that implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) with dedicated thermal storage can provide predictable energy flexibility to the grid during critical times. When the utility notifies the customer 12 h before a Demand Response (DR) event, a BEFI up to 65 kW (100% reduction) can be achieved. A dynamic rate structure as the objective function is shown to be successful in reducing the peak demand, while a greater reduction in energy consumption in a 24-hour period is seen with a rate structure with a demand charge. Contingency reserve participation was also studied and strategies included reducing the zone temperature setpoint by 2∘C for 3 h or using the stored thermal energy by discharging the device for 3 h. Favourable results were found for both options, where a BEFI of up to 47 kW (96%) is achieved. The proposed methodology for modeling and evaluation of control strategies is suitable for other similar convectively conditioned buildings equipped with active and passive storage.
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Basukala, Shyam Sundar, und Prem Nath Maskey. „Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur“. Journal of Science and Engineering 4 (03.04.2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v4i0.22377.
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Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.
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Alnkhailan, Eng Tareq, und Eng Ali Alfadhli. „Construction Roofs Properties and Temperature Transfer between the Roofs“. Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 5, Nr. 59 (05.03.2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2024.59.3.
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This study aimed to explore the disadvantages of solid concrete slabs and sandwich panels as roofing structures in the Arabic Gulf area and explore the differences between traditional solid concrete slabs and sandwich panels roofing systems, highlighting the benefits and usage of EPS panels over traditional systems. The study methodology focuses on scientific analysis of EPS panels' chemical compound and physical characteristics, highlighting their suitability for various construction roofing applications in a tested field. The study conclude that, the The EPS panels are the better modern era building roofing material construction choice for the roofing panels because of the panels properties and economical values that supress the sandwich panels and the classical solid concrete slabs starting with the EPS panels fast fixing time, Furthermore, being a light wight roofing material that tolls less load on the buildings structure and less pressure on the building man power that results in more work activity per day and less building reinforcement work and cost especially when building extensions in aged buildings, And recommended to not add additional protective waterproofing layer above the EPS roof, in order to close any opening or gaps between joints that may transfer water through the roof layers.
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Komarov, A. A., D. A. Korolchenko und N. V. Gromov. „Experimental determination of glazing efficiency in case of indoor explosions caused by accidents“. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, Nr. 6 (02.02.2023): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.06.78-90.
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Introduction. The authors present the results of testing single and double glazing, used as explosion relief structures (ERS) to ensure the explosion resistance of buildings and structures in case of indoor explosions caused by accidents. The criterion of comparative effectiveness of ERS is the value of maximum pressure inside the premises caused by an emergency deflagration explosion and the response of an explosion relief structure. The lower the maximum pressure under otherwise equal conditions (the volume of the room, the area of the relief opening, the type of the explosive mixture), the higher the ERS effectiveness.Goal and objectives. The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine the effectiveness of glazing used as an explosion relief structure in case of emergency deflagration explosions inside buildings. It is necessary to solve the following tasks to attain the pre-set goal:experimentally determine the relief pressure of ERS, or single and double glazing during an indoor deflagration explosion;determine the maximum pressure inside the explosion chamber using glazing as ERS;conduct the comparative (also numerical) analysis of the results of experimental studies to confirm the accuracy of the ERS relief pressure value;compare the results of experimental studies with the calculated values of the ERS relief pressure obtained using the methods recommended in the regulatory documents.Research methods. In the course of ERS testing, an explosion chamber, having the operating volume of 8 m3 and the relief opening area of 1.3 m2 was used. Hence, the specific area of the ERS was 0.16 m2 per 1 m3, which is 3.2 times higher than that recommended in the regulatory documents. Therefore, any pressure, exceeding the threshold values (5–7 kPa) inside the explosion chamber, unambiguously shows the ERS inefficiency. Results and their discussion. The results of testing the 4 mm single glazing and the area of 1 m2 (meeting the requirements of paragraph 6.2.30 of SP (Construction Regulations) 56.13330.2021) show that such glazing is ineffective as the ERS. Excessive relief pressure and maximum pressure in a room with an extra area of the relief opening have high values: Prel = 11 kPa; Pmax = 12 kPa. Such loadings are destructive for industrial buildings and structures.High values of relief and maximum pressures (14.7 and 17.7 kPa) in a chamber (17.7 and 20.5 kPa) allow drawing a conclusion about the inefficiency of double glazing as ERS.In the course of testing both single and double glazing, considerable glass fragment dispersion (up to 30 m deep and up to 13 m wide) was observed, which could result in the injury of people near the building during an accident.Conclusions. Experiments have shown that the assumed (calculated) glazing deflagration pressures, recommended by a number of regulatory documents and research publications, may differ significantly from the actual values, which may cause building collapses as a result of indoor explosions.
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Kruzel, Robert, und Paweł Helbrych. „A technical and economic analysis of the thermal modernization of historic buildings using an innovative thermal insulating paint“. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, Nr. 2 (10.07.2019): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.20.
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Due to the need for making the thermal modernization of buildings of historical value, where the Conservation Officer often does not approve the thermal insulation of the building’s facade with a traditional method using expanded polystyrene (EPS), an innovative paint has been proposed to be used, which can substitute for an EPS layer for the thermal insulation of buildings where everything that is the most beautiful is often situated on the building’s external facade. The article analyzes two different thermal modernization methods: the traditional method and the one using an innovative thermal insulating paint. During selecting the material, the main aspects were: material strength and durability, workmanship, the execution cost of a sample project, and the behaviour of materials during operation. All advantages and disadvantages of either of the external wall thermal insulation technologies are indicated. Cost calculation figures for the project under consideration carried out using the above-mentioned technologies have also been examined. It has been found that the technology using the innovative thermal insulating paint is fairly expensive and the obtained coefficients of heat transfer through the partition are not competitive compared to the traditional method using expanded polystyrene. However, by using the innovative technology for historic buildings, we are able to improve the aesthetic appearance of the facade and, at the same time, the thermal properties of the partition during carrying out a single project, while not spoiling the historical look of the building.
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Yankovs'ka, Lyubov, Svitlana Novyts'ka und Alina Tsidylo. „FEATURES OF HANDLING SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE IN RURAL AREA (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BAYKIVTSI UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF TERNOPIL REGION)“. SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, Nr. 1 (01.07.2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.19.
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The volume and structure of solid domestic waste in Ternopil region are analyzed. Our research in the Baikivtsi Utc proves that community residents dump less organic waste in containers (about 20%, which is twice less than in the regional center) because they can compost food waste using it as fertilizer for personal use plots (gardens).
The volumes of organic waste fluctuate significantly throughout the year: the largest amount of them ends up in containers from May to September. The community residents throw out the least of organic waste in winter. One of the reasons is that there is a gradual replacement of last year's harvest with a new one. The habitants of the Baikivtsi Utc throw more paper away during the warmer months. The following types of paper prevail: offset - 33%, newsprint - 29%, coated - 4%, cardboard - 12%, designer - 5%, packaging - 16%, self-adhesive - 1%. In winter, most of the paper is burned to heat buildings. Among the scrap are mostly cans and metal lids (from bottles and cans). Ferrous metal almost never gets into containers due to the fact that it is profitable to sort it out and there are no problems to hand over scrap metal, since scrap collectors often come to the villages and offer quite decent price for it (therefore, there is no need to waste time transporting the metal). The plastic waste of the community includes plastic bottles from water, oil, household chemicals, canisters, plastic bags and ets. Among the various types of plastic: Polyethylene terephthalate or PET - 17%; high-density polyethylene (HDPE) - 29%; polyvinyl chloride or PVC - 4%; low density polyethylene (LDPE) - 34%; polypropylene, PP or PE - 8%; polystyrene, PS - 6% and other - 2%. The research showed that the following types of glass prevail in the structure of the cullet of the Baikivtsi community: window glass - 8%, technical glass - 3%, Plexiglas - 5%, triplex - 3%, glass from chemicals - 1%, ceramics - 10%, bottles - 70 %
The survey showed that only 3% of the community's residents completely sort garbage, about 80% of them sort it partially, and almost 20% do not sort waste at all (and 12% of them plan to do it in the future). The reasons for the low level of waste sorting are not surprising, since, in addition to the low level of environmental awareness of the residents, there no proper conditions for sorting solid waste.
The environmental advantages of sorting and recycling solid domestic waste were evaluated. In particular, the volumes of biogas that can be formed from the annual volumes of solid waste accumulation in the Baikivtsi united territorial community of Ternopil region, as well as the assessment of the environmental efficiency of recycling waste paper, plastic, glass were calculated. The cost of the Baikivtsi Utc solid waste as a secondary material resource will amount to UAH 2,051,943 per year, which can be a significant profit for the community.
Key words: solid domestic waste, united territorial community, sorting, utilization, recycling ecological culture.
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Zhang, Yajie, Behrang Vand und Simone Baldi. „A Review of Mathematical Models of Building Physics and Energy Technologies for Environmentally Friendly Integrated Energy Management Systems“. Buildings 12, Nr. 2 (18.02.2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020238.
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The Energy Management System (EMS) is an efficient technique to monitor, control and enhance the building performance. In the state-of-the-art, building performance analysis is separated into building simulation and control management: this may cause inaccuracies and extra operating time. Thus, a coherent framework to integrate building physics with various energy technologies and energy control management methods is highly required. This framework should be formed by simplified but accurate models of building physics and building energy technologies, and should allow for the selection of proper control strategies according to the control objectives and scenarios. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mathematical modeling and control strategies to create such a framework. The mathematical models of (i) building physics and (ii) popular building energy technologies (renewable energy systems, common heating and cooling energy systems and energy distribution systems) are first presented. Then, it is shown how the collected mathematical models can be linked. Merging with two frequently used EMS strategies, namely rule-based and model predictive controls, is discussed. This work provides an extendable map to model and control buildings and intends to be a foundation for building researchers, designers and engineers.
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Nalyvaiko, Taras. „Ensuring adaptive personnel management of a construction enterprises“. Economics: time realities 1, Nr. 53 (23.02.2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/etr.01.2021.11.
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This paper highlights the issue of ensuring adaptive personnel management of a construction company. The theoretical basis of construction of organizational structures of personnel management is considered and branch features of construction enterprises and their influence on personnel are defined. The principles of building the organizational structure of personnel management of a construction company and formed a set of functions that are inherent in these structures. An improved organizational structure of personnel management of a construction company is proposed, which provides for the organizational inclusion of the personnel management department in the management of a construction company. A scientific and methodological approach to adaptive personnel management of a construction company has been developed. According to the proposed scientific and methodological approach to adaptive personnel management of a construction company, it is proposed to assess the levels of adaptability of the organizational structure of personnel management to the enterprise, the levels of adaptation of enterprises personnel and adaptive personnel management in general.
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Popov, Vladimir, Eduard Kriksunov und Tatjana Grigorjeva. „THE PROPERTIES OF GEOMETRICALLY MODELLING COMPUTATIONAL SCHEMES FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES“. Engineering Structures and Technologies 12, Nr. 1 (14.01.2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2020.14045.
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For launching a project on a structural object, the calculation of building structures stands as one of the most important stages of project development. In order to correctly analyse structural behaviour, determine the stress-strain state and solve design or inspection problems, the designer is forced to adequately formalize the actual structure turning it into a faultless computational scheme. Virtual testing is one of the main features of the single graphical-information model. Interoperable systems for three-dimensional modelling and analysis, calculation and design ensure smooth data transfer between the physical and computational model. Modern object-modelling techniques and integrated analysis systems allow achieving the defined goal. The article deals with the forms of data exchange, the developmental features of the designed and computational (analysis) BIM model, the integrated design process of CAD/CAE as well as the conversion problems of the physical and computational model.
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SCHMIDT, Jan-Simon, und Rainard OSEBOLD. „ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS A DRIVER FOR SUSTAINABILITY: STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION, BENEFITS AND BARRIERS IN GERMAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, Nr. 1 (19.01.2017): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.946441.
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The construction industry, as one of almost every economy’s major generators of environmental impact, can contribute in large measure to achieving the goals of sustainability. However, most publications in this field deal with sustainability with reference to selecting construction materials and improvements in the operating phase of buildings. When considering ecological sustainability the focus has to be extended from the finished building to the building process. Therefore the actors of the construction sector who are responsible for the production process have to be studied: the construction companies. The goal of this paper is to study the state of ecologically sustainable corporate business management in construction. The state of application of elements of environmental management systems (EMS) is used as an indicator of the current situation in German construction companies. EMS can help continuously to environmentally improve the operating processes of the firms. A broad survey about the extent of EMS has been conducted considering the barriers and drivers. In general, a relatively low interest in EMS and a lack of knowledge is noticeable within the sector. As a result, strategic recommendations are made on how to promote environmental management to foster sustainable thinking in the German construction industry.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Pradhan, Sweata. „Why people build the way they do the shaping of the built environment of Gangtok /“. Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/381.
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Al, Haddad Aiham Emil. „Wind-induced Vibration Control of Tall Timber Buildings : Improving the dynamic response of a 22-storey timber building“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57005.
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Plans for construction of the tallest residential timber building has driven the Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP), Linnaeus University, Växjö and more than ten interested companies to determine an appropriate design for the structure. This thesis presents a part of ongoing research regarding wind-induced vibration control to meet serviceability limit state (SLS) requirements. A parametric study was conducted on a 22-storey timber building with a CLT shear wall system utilizing mass, stiffness and damping as the main parameters in the dynamic domain. Results were assessed according to the Swedish Annex EKS 10 and Eurocode against ISO 10137 and ISO 6897 requirements. Increasing mass, stiffness and/or damping has a favorable impact. Combination scenarios present potential solutions for suppressing wind-induced vibrations as a result of higher efficiency in low-increased levels of mass and damping.
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Urs, Amit. „Stability analysis of frame tube building“. Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0122103-133944.
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Toshach, Mary Olds. „Automobile showrooms, the development of a building type“. Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/421596.
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This thesis has explored the development of the automobile showroom as a twentieth century building type. The showrooms of Indianapolis, Indiana were used as the primary source of physical evidence. Buildings erected specifically for sales and service of automobiles between 1900 and 1955 chosen. The development was traced in regards to size and layout of the departments. The involvement of manufacturers, dealers and architects was also traced.Department of Architecture
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Rohanimanesh, Mohammad S. „Mutual pounding of structures during strong earthquakes“. Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-144915/.
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Crowe, Mary Ellen. „Rediscovering Reeveston Place : an examination of the history and architecture of the Richmond, Indiana neighborhood as a case study from the American suburban movement“. Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1167624.
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Reeveston Place is a neighborhood located on the southeast side of Richmond, Indiana. All of Richmond's National Register residential areas contain examples of the popular architectural styles of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Reeveston, however, is a unique Richmond neighborhood because its plan and development were primarily influenced by the trends and styles of the early and mid-twentieth century.Economic and cultural influences before, between and after both world wars, and the impact of the automobile were factors that made Reeveston an area different from its predecessors. Building activity occurred in the neighborhood for nearly a half-century, and the result is an eclectic mix of architectural styles. As it grew, Reeveston was primarily a neighborhood for the upper-middle class and upper-class citizens of Richmond, and several prominent architects were employed to design the houses. Reeveston's historical and architectural significance warrant its consideration for inclusion in the National Register.Department of Architecture
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Fowler, Shaunda Lynn. „Clip reactions in standing seam roofs of metal buildings“. Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07132001-151614.
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Foliente, Greg C. „Stochastic dynamic response of wood structural systems“. Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164535/.
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Ponder, Carmen Grace. „A hotel design for the art deco district of Miami Beach“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23161.
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Dyke, Daniel Lee 1959. „The history of the Homestake Opera House, 1912-1937“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276983.
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Beginning in the mid 19th Century, intercontinental railroad service made it possible for theatrical road companies to move more freely across America and perform in the smaller community opera houses. This thesis is about one of these opera houses, the Homestake Opera House in Lead, South Dakota. This thesis chronicles the events from the conception of the opera house by Pheobe Hearst and Thomas Grier, to the construction of the structure, 1911 through 1914, and finally through some of the events that took place in the opera house from the opening in August, 1914 to late November, 1936, at which time the opera house was converted into a movie house. Focus is given to the road companies that performed in the opera house within the time period specified. Such performances are chronicled by date, company name, title and type of performance, and names of the author(s).
Bücher zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Casgrain, P. B. La maison d'Arnoux, ou, Montcalm est mort. Lévis [Québec]: Bulletin de recherches historiques, 1994.
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Carlheinz, Tömmel, Hrsg. Bad Ems: Stadt mit Gesicht : Beiträge zur Baugeschichte. Bad Ems: Weidhellverlag, 1987.
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Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Departement Architektur, Hrsg. Constructing architecture: Materials, processes, structures : a handbook. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2013.
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Güell, Gabriel Secall i. Els antics carrers de Valls. Valls [Spain]: Institut d'Estudis Vallencs, 1989.
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Soraiz, Pello Arrieta. Elgoibar: Iragana eta oraina = Elgoibar : ayer y hoy. [Elgoibar, Spain?]: Elgoibarko Udala, 2008.
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E, Thomas George, Hrsg. Buildings of Pennsylvania. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.
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Andrea, Deplazes, und Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Departement Architektur., Hrsg. Constructing architecture: Materials, processes, structures : a handbook. 2. Aufl. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser, 2008.
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Timber in the city: Design and construction in mass timber. Seattle: ORO Editions, 2015.
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Ambrose, James E. Study manual for Building structures. New York: Wiley, 1993.
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Leonovich, Sergey, Nikolay Chernoivan, Viktor Tur und Dmitriy Litvinovskiy. Technology of reconstruction of buildings and structures. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1867636.
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The monograph provides the basics of technology for the production of general construction and finishing works performed during the reconstruction of existing industrial and civil facilities: strengthening and restoration of exploited structures, as well as the construction of new buildings and structures designed at the reconstructed facility.
The issues of conducting field surveys of operated buildings and structures in order to prepare a conclusion on the technical condition of load-bearing and enclosing structures are considered.
The main design solutions and technology of work during the reconstruction (repair, reinforcement) of load-bearing and enclosing structures of operated facilities made of the following materials are given: monolithic and precast reinforced concrete; metal structures; brickwork; elements of wooden structures.
The technology of rehabilitation (repair) of finishing coatings is given: monolithic plaster, wall and floor cladding with ceramic tiles and synthetic coatings, as well as repair of surfaces lined with slabs made of natural materials (granite, marble).
The effective technology of construction of building structures of shallow foundations, double-layer insulated brick walls, buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete supporting frame; the device of a waterproof carpet made of PVC membranes, etc. are described.
For civil engineers. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of technical universities.
Buchteile zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Du, Yihui, Zijing Zhang und Yuchao Hu. „Design Strategy and Application Research of Small Steel Structure Prefabricated Building“. In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 68–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_6.
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AbstractUnder the background of building industrialization, small steel structure prefabricated buildings can achieve quality improvement, efficiency improvement, technological upgrading, resource conservation, and environment friendly demand, so that low-rise houses can get rid of the public impression of cheap and low-tech. Combined with the common problems of small prefabricated buildings in southwest China, this paper sorts out four design strategies for small prefabricated buildings. Based on the case of “Four Seasons of Heshan”, this paper expounds the practical application of design strategies for small steel structure Prefabricated building, including quick construction and environmental protection; Free space and diverse decoration; High safety and complete functionality; Resource cycle, strong sustainability, etc.
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Ferdowsi, Ahmad, und Kourosh Behzadian. „Urban Drainage Infrastructures Toward a Sustainable Future“. In Sustainable Structures and Buildings, 111–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46688-5_8.
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AbstractUrban drainage infrastructures (UDIs), as one of the main urban infrastructures, serve some important functions in urban areas and can be considered vital to reach the global goals that were set out by the United Nations to tackle current problems and make a more sustainable future. However, climate change and other drivers such as population growth, infrastructure aging, and rapid urbanization are exerting pressure on UDIs. This can not only undermine the expected performance of UDIs but also deviate from their role in the global goals. This chapter aims to shed light on the probable impacts of climatic change, urbanization, etc., on UDIs, and to propose measures to make them more resilient. Urbanization and climate change can have different negative impacts on deteriorating the performance of UDIs through an increase in flood risk and water pollution-related problems, which highlight the significance of incorporating these stressors into any adaptation and rehabilitation strategies in UDIs.
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Giarma, Christina, Katerina Tsikaloudaki, Aikaterina Karanafti, Karolos J. Kontoleon und Theodoros Theodosiou. „Water Efficiency, Consumption and Management in Environmental Performance Assessment Methods for Existing Buildings in Use“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 446–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_41.
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AbstractOne of the major motivations behind the effort for the transition from linear models to circular ones in the building sector is related to the need for the minimization of resources depletion. Water holds a prominent position among those resources. The building sector is responsible for appreciable water consumption and, hence, represents an important field for improvements. While in the case of new buildings several options are available for the relevant systems and strategies, when existing buildings are considered, the limitations are multiplied in the context of decisions already made and materialized. However, the existing building stock is a massive contributor to the total impact of the built environment and must be considered as well. In this work, three buildings’ environmental performance assessment methods (BREEAM, DGNB, LEED) and, specifically, their versions for existing buildings in use (residential and non-residential), are examined regarding the way water-related parameters are implemented in the evaluation that they perform. The factors reviewed are those associated with water regarded as a resource (water consumption, (re-)use of rainwater, management issues etc.) and not the ones referring to flood risks and to energy demand (hot water). The analysis’ main focus lies in the criteria used by each method, the main strategies highlighted as advantageous, and issues related to the integration of those evaluation axes into each system. Initially, main features of the three methods are presented (assessment structure, scoring process, etc.). Among others, differences and similarities in the adopted approaches (three evaluation methods, various building uses) are highlighted and discussed.
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Limsuwan, Ekasit. „Integration Concept of Sustainable Engineering“. In Sustainable Structural Engineering, 9–24. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.009.
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<p>Modern civil engineering mega-projects dealing with buildings, bridges, and infrastructures take sustainable engineering into consideration for the development and execution of their proj-ects. Since sustainable development and sustainable engineering are rather broadly covered as global issues, each individual needs to take personal responsibility for environmental, social, and economic questions whose performance outcomes may impact the life cycle of the struc-ture. An integration concept on sustainable engineering will deal with emerging criteria and concept for a strategic approach to the planning, execution, operation, and maintenance phase of the building process. It can be shown that approaches to and strategies for these issues result from individual consciousness, national policies, and global actions. Current research has been conducted on the sustainability perspective of areas such as global climate changes, CO2 levels, life-cycle assessment (LCA), green design rating, emerging trends in sustainable engineering, and sustainability monitoring and evaluation criteria. However, there may still be more areas requiring further research to apply an integrated concept to emerging strategies for building a process to achieve the goals. Then the methods and procedures appropriate for each community or society can be explored. However, a quantifying performance method also needs to be used as a measure to guarantee satisfactory findings.</p>
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Radonjanin, Vlastimir, Mirjana Malešev, Ivan Lukić, Slobodan Šupić, Mirjana Laban und Olivera Bukvić. „Possible Utilization of Used Precast Building Elements Through Consideration of Concrete Carbonation Degree“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 532–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_49.
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AbstractSignificant changes in the strategic goals of the construction sector at the global level have been visible in recent years. By implementing the fundamental principles of sustainable development and circular economy, the modern construction industry tries to contribute to a healthier environment by reducing CO2 emissions, minimizing waste landfills, and preserving non-renewable natural resources. The possibilities of reusing prefabricated concrete elements of existing buildings instead of their traditional recycling on a material level or disposing of them in landfills are analyzed in this paper. Special attention in the research was placed on the carbonation of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of buildings, as it is one of the most frequent processes that accelerate the deterioration of RC structures. Long-term carbonation processes inevitably result in reinforcement corrosion and accompanying damage to the concrete cover, therefore some constrains for the further use of prefabricated RC building elements must be precisely defined. In this study, the potential use of prefab RC building elements was determined by calculating the depth of carbonation while taking into account the age of buildings and environmental conditions (relative air humidity, position of prefab element). Depending on the thickness of the carbonized concrete and the type and intensity of damage to the reinforcement and concrete, various variants for further use of the dismantled prefabricated RC building elements were proposed (reuse without restrictions, use in the interior of new buildings, use in less demanding facilities, reuse after application of a protective coating, replacement of the protective cover and reuse etc.).
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Zhou, Jian. „Research and Application of Ultra High Performance Concrete in Engineering Projects in Japan“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 273–81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_23.
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AbstractJapan is located in the international seismic zone, and is also a resource intensive country. It has unique features in the research and application of ultra-high performance concrete materials. The paper analyzes and summarizes the engineering application cases of concrete strength grade above 150 N/mm2, including structural system, mix design, production process, strength grade, etc. Silica fume composite cement, with strict calculation of sand and stone gradation, improves the compactness beyond the conventional concrete; The super high performance water reducing agent can greatly reduce the water cement ratio and improve the working performance, especially the expansion degree; Organic fiber and steel fiber are especially important in fire resistance, explosion resistance and ductility. Ultra-high performance concrete could improve the seismic performance of building structures and the utilization rate of building area, and new materials could provide more choices for design and engineering application.
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Ahmad, A., und Y. Singh. „A Promising Alternative for Low Rise Buildings in Seismic Regions: EPS Core Sandwich Panel Structural System“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 551–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1608-5_40.
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Yabuki, Nobuyoshi, Tomohiro Fukuda und Ryu Izutsu. „As-Built Detection of Structures by the Segmentation of Three-Dimensional Models and Point Cloud Data“. In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 1117–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.111.
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At construction sites, as-built management is generally conducted by taking pictures or surveying with total stations and comparing the images or survey data with design drawings or Building Information Modeling (BIM) models. Since this work is time-consuming and error-prone, more efficient and accurate methods using advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are desired. Therefore, this research proposes a method that can efficiently capture the progress of construction by detecting each constructed structural member, such as beams, columns, connections, etc. In this proposed method, construction engineers first take many pictures of the construction site and conduct automatic image segmentation using a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Next, point cloud data is generated from taken pictures by using Structure from Motion (SfM). Then, the point cloud data is semantically segmented by overlapping the segmented images and point cloud data using the pin-hole camera technique. Finally, the design BIM model and segmented point cloud data are overlapped, and constructed parts of the BIM model can be detected, which can be reported as as-built parts. A prototype system was developed and applied to an actual railway construction project in Osaka, Japan for testing the accuracy and performance of the system
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Yabuki, Nobuyoshi, Tomohiro Fukuda und Ryu Izutsu. „As-Built Detection of Structures by the Segmentation of Three-Dimensional Models and Point Cloud Data“. In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 1117–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.111.
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At construction sites, as-built management is generally conducted by taking pictures or surveying with total stations and comparing the images or survey data with design drawings or Building Information Modeling (BIM) models. Since this work is time-consuming and error-prone, more efficient and accurate methods using advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are desired. Therefore, this research proposes a method that can efficiently capture the progress of construction by detecting each constructed structural member, such as beams, columns, connections, etc. In this proposed method, construction engineers first take many pictures of the construction site and conduct automatic image segmentation using a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Next, point cloud data is generated from taken pictures by using Structure from Motion (SfM). Then, the point cloud data is semantically segmented by overlapping the segmented images and point cloud data using the pin-hole camera technique. Finally, the design BIM model and segmented point cloud data are overlapped, and constructed parts of the BIM model can be detected, which can be reported as as-built parts. A prototype system was developed and applied to an actual railway construction project in Osaka, Japan for testing the accuracy and performance of the system
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Piferi, Claudio. „The Regulatory Apparatus at the Service of Sustainable Planning of the Built Environment: The Case of Law 338/2000“. In The Urban Book Series, 417–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_38.
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AbstractIt is wrongly assumed that the environmental sustainability of the building organism is only achievable thanks to the contribution of the systems and their ability to reduce harmful emissions and generate energy from alternative and natural sources. So, system projects have assumed an increasingly considerable importance both in terms of the quantity of documents and the cost of the building. The quantity and complexity of the most recent plant engineering solutions amplify the difficulty of dialogue between the different design levels (architectural, structural, and system design) forcing the professionals involved to compromise that end up disregarding the expected quality. Although it is now clear that the design levels must progress hand in hand from the first hypotheses, and that all must contribute equally to the overall sustainability of the intervention, this does not always happen by preferring to derogate from the system designers the choice of environmentally sustainable solutions. In summary, more and more, often we rely on the technical solutions of the machines used, rather than on the technological qualities of the project. This inevitably involves problems in the construction, operation, and eventual decommissioning phase of the building, especially in the public sphere where the low economic resources of the contracting stations are increasingly used in the purchase, maintenance, management, and disposal of plant engineering tools. A well-structured regulatory system can help to minimize these criticalities: this is the case of law 338, enacted in 2000 with the aim of increasing the availability of residences for university students, which is distinguished for the attention to the environmental issue, orienting the realization of accommodation places towards solutions able to contain waste, soil consumption, etc. The paper aims to describe and analyse the attention paid by the specific legislation to environmental sustainability.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud, Laura Tupenaite, Loreta Kanapeckiene, Jurga Naimaviciene, Sarah Radif und Miguel Amado. „High rise buildings in Europe from energy performance perspective“. In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.029.
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The United States is well known for the birthplace of tall buildings in the world since the nineteenth century. The trend continued across all continents and in 1940, Europe developed its first tall building of over 100 meters in Genoa, Italy. Building codes, technological development, energy crisis, etc. have all influenced the built environment in different ways, a very visible sign of such impacts can be seen in high rise buildings not only on their architectural style but also on their performance. Different studies worldwide investigate energy performance of modern high-rise buildings; however, evolution of such buildings is rarely considered; energy performance of different high-rise buildings’ generations is seldom investigated and compared. To close a gap this study aims to make a closer look of how technological developments and energy crisis affected high-rise buildings in Europe with a focus on their energy performance.
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SALGADU, M. D. R. S., K. D. K. DEVAPRİYA und M. GOWSİGA. „APPLICABILITY OF INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS FOR WALL STRUCTURES TO MAXIMISE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS IN SRI LANKA“. In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.2.
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The CO2 emission is increased globally and the building sector is playing as the major industry with approximately a half percent. The carbon emission of building materials is directly affected by the energy efficiency of the building. Energy has become a limited resource in the whole world and all the sectors try to minimise their consumption to overcome the energy-related issues. Also, the selection of building materials for wall structure is playing a major role due to the highest surface area, to make a better indoor environment within the specified and required level of performance. As a result, Innovative Building Materials (IBMs) for wall structure has emerged. Even though it is currently practiced worldwide, it is not much familiar in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this research aims to identify the applicability of IBMs for wall structures of buildings in Sri Lanka. Primarily, a comprehensive literature survey was done. Three expert semi-structured interviews were carried out for the pilot survey as the foundation for data collection. Then, a questionnaire survey was done among building-related professionals and collected data were analysed using the Relative Important Index (RII). As the finding result, hollow blocks and EPS wall panels only familiarising in Sri Lanka. Finally, challenges and strategies to overcome when selecting IBMs for the wall were recognized.
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Vitomir, Jelenka, und Vanja Nastić. „Modular structures: Sustainable ecological structures made of recycled aluminium“. In Zbornik radova sa Nacionalne konferencije sa međunarodnim učešćem – Zelena Gradnja 2024. University of Niš - Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/greenb24021v.
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Aluminum's lightweight and modular nature allow for innovative designs. Architects create modular structures using recycled aluminum, promoting flexibility and adaptability [1]. Modular construction promotes sustainability through the overall efficiency of the modular building process. Modular buildings are manufactured in sections away from construction sites before being delivered to the desired location where they are installed into a final building design. 60-90% of the work is completed in a factory-controlled environment, either as a complete structure or as modular subassemblies for a larger project. Controlled manufacturing environments result in less material waste. Precise measurements and efficient production contribute to sustainability. There are some ways to incorporate sustainable materials in modulars structures: using eco-friendly insulation materials like sheep's wool, cotton or cellulose, integrating solar panels, providing green roofs covered with vegetation as insolation, reduce stormwater runoff and promoting biodiversity, etc.
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„Demolition of Buildings – An Overview“. In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/ovfq9287/ngcesi23p135.
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We know that every structure is designed for a specific life period, generally 100 years. The existence of the structure after the service life period is very dangerous to its occupants and surrounding buildings. Therefore it becomes essential to demolish the building. Demolition is the tearing-down of buildings which involves taking a building apart while preserving the valuable elements for re-use. There are various methods of demolition. The building is brought down either manually or mechanically depending upon the method used for demolition of buildings. Equipments used for demolition work are hammers, rammers, excavators, bulldozers, wrecking ball and the explosives used are dynamites and detonators etc. which is generally preferred for tall buildings. The various steps involved before the demolition process includes surveying of the demolition site, removal of hazardous material and safety precautionary measures. The study also includes the precautionary measures regarding machinery or equipment, scaffolding, public safety and worker safety. Various strategies of demolition waste have been reported in literature for implementing good practices for demolition of buildings.
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Tuxhari, Marsida, Markel Baballëku und Merlin Asllani. „ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND EARTHQUAKE CONSEQUENCES IN BUILDINGS“. In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.76.
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This paper focuses on earthquake consequences in buildings, analyzed in terms of architectural design choices. The Durrës earthquake of 11.26.2019 showed lot of damages of non-structural nature, in buildings of various ages, structural systems, and volumetric shapes. The object of the article is precisely the treatment of the variety of these "types of damages", which require to be carefully analyzed in order to understand the causes of which some of the consequences came from. The behavior of the building during the earthquake showed that the reasons for the damages were also related to the architect's choices and the corresponding conditions in the technical design codes. For example: the shape of the building, the regularity of the structure, seismic joints, cantilever volumes, parapets, stairs, doors etc. So, the purpose of the article is to highlight the damages that come as a result of those design factors, which directly involve the architect. The article does not undertake to limit the functional and aesthetic choices on buildings but emphasizes the importance of the early collaboration of the architect and structural engineer in seismic-prone areas, taking into account that construction works should be built at optimal cost, with the aim of minimizing such damages in the future.
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Šnédar, Jaroslav, Vojtěch Bartoň und Petr Cikrle. „Detection of Internal Defects and Failures of Concrete Structures Using Non-Destructive Methods“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS 2021. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4096k1.
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This paper deals with the issue of detection of internal defects and failures of concrete structures with emphasis on the use of non-destructive methods. All parts of the structure that reduce its service life or bearing capacity can be considered as internal defects and failures. These are, for example, gravel nests, cracks, delamination, caverns etc. Due to the prevalence of concrete structures, the development of this part of diagnostics is very important both for the safety of their users and to reduce the economic costs of their future repairs.
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Dritsos, Stephanos E. „Assessment and Retrofitting of Existing RC Buildings – Recent Trends“. In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0034.
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<p>Most of the existing old structures are vulnerable under seismic actions, due to certain weaknesses that result from poor design knowledge at the time of construction. Critical matters concerning the behaviour of RC structures under earthquake actions were ignored, such as ductility, capacity design, adequate code provisions for detailing of RC elements (minimum number of stirrups, lower limit for compressive and upper limit for tensile reinforcement). A number of approximations and simplifications were adopted in the analysis. Computers were not in use; 3D analysis was impossible and 2D analysis was rarely used. Usually, beams and columns were considered as independent elements. Seismic actions considered in the past were lower than those currently accepted for new structures. In this context, some crucial questions arise: Which structures are more vulnerable and, therefore, have priority to be strengthened and how to identify them? Is it possible (or is it worth) strengthening these structures and to what extent? Is this preferable when compared to the demolition and reconstruction solution? What resources (materials, methods, techniques) are available to intervene and under what standards are they to be applied? Which is the framework to assess the seismic capacity of an existing structure and how to further design the necessary intervention for retrofitting or strengthening? What are the quality control procedures for intervention works?</p><p>Redesign of existing structures is a much more complicated task than the design of new ones. Not only there is limited knowledge on this subject, but also existing codes and regulations are relatively new, with the engineering practice not being familiar with them. Furthermore, the configuration of an existing structural system may not be permitted or may be wrong according to our present knowledge, however, it exists and we must deal with this. Usually, there is also a high uncertainty in the general data (geometry, materials, details, hidden errors or faults, etc.). In the present keynote lecture, assessment and retrofitting procedures are analyzed in five stages. In the first stage, the data of the existing structure is documented. Different data knowledge levels define different confidence factors, depending on the extend and detail of the data documentation. Stage two concerns the assessment of the seismic capacity of the structure. The acceptable level of damage is defined through different performance levels or limit states. The third stage involves the decision on whether a structural intervention is required and to what extent. The fourth stage includes the design of the structural intervention, following certain seismic strengthening strategies. The fifth and final stage concerns the construction of the intervention work. Since during this stage new data might arise, frequently the design of the intervention (stage four) should be updated accordingly.</p>
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Mansouri, Babak, Bijan Houshmand und Masanobu Shinozuka. „Building change/damage detection in Seymen, Turkey, using ERS SAR data“. In SPIE's 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, herausgegeben von S. C. Liu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.434125.
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Liew, Richard JY, Z. Dai und Yie Sue Chau. „Steel Concrete Composite Systems for Modular Construction of High-rise Buildings“. In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7220.
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Modular construction has gained popularity and attention particularly in low-rise building lately due to its numerous advantages: faster construction speed, better quality control, reduction in work force and construction waste, etc. This innovative technology promotes off-site manufacturing of modular units and on-site assembly, improving the construction efficiency and productivity. However, modular construction is not commonly used in high-rise buildings because of the joints’ flexibility as well as manufacturing and construction tolerance, which have significant impact on the overall stability of the building. This paper highlights the existing challenges of modular construction of high-rise buildings and provide several options to address these challenges. Firstly, the weight of a module is constrained by the transportation and lifting crane capacities. For this reason, lightweight concrete is introduced together with structural steel section to form lightweight steel-concrete composite system to reduce the weight of the module without compromising the strength and stiffness. Secondly, to speed up the site assembly of modular units, special joints are developed to resist the forces due to gravity and horizontal loads. Fast and easy joining techniques with acceptable tolerance control are essential to ensure the structural integrity and stability of the building. Finally, the innovation for productivity can be maximized by implementing automation technologies in the manufacturing and construction of the modular units.
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Alpatov, Vadim. „Creation of mathematical model optimization of Freeform Double-Layer Grids for use in the software package“. In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.147.
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It is known that metal spatial coatings can be made in shape of spatial structures, folded dual-slope structures, double mesh grid shells, double-layer braced barrel vaults, double-layer braced domes, free-form spatial structures, etc. In this paper we consider constructions on a rectangular base. The shape of the structure and distribution of material inside it are defined by solving the parametric optimization task. In the task, it has been assumed that the geometric shape of the structure can take the shape of a free-form spatial structures. A mathematical model of parametric optimization task has been presented. The task may be formulated as the discrete optimization task. The quality criterion is the minimum mass of the structure. The objective function is written through the task parameters. The analysis of permissible geometric forms of structures was made. Based on this analysis, the functions of restrictions are recorded through the parameters of the task. The restrictions are compressed by including them into objective function. As a result, a mathematical description of the objective function for the task of parametric optimization in an unconditional formulation was proposed.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Buildings, structure, ets"
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Moghimi, Gholamreza, und Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Januar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.
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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb > 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 > 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.
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Gupta, Sweta, Gauthier Marchais, Cyril Brandt, Samuel Matabishi, Pierre Marion, Jean-Benoît Falisse, Deborah West et al. Projet BRiCE RDC et Niger : Rapport intermédiaire Bien-être des enseignants et qualité de l’enseignement dans les contextes fragiles et affectés par les conflits. Institute of Development Studies, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.089.
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Ce rapport présente les résultats de l'étude intermédiaire du projet de recherche Building Resilience in Crises through Education (BRiCE), qui est dirigé par l'Institute of Development Studies (IDS) et l'Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Bukavu (ISP Bukavu). Le projet de recherche fait partie du programme d'éducation BRiCE, financé par la Direction Générale des Partenariats Internationaux de la Commission Européenne et dirigé par Save the Children au Niger et en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Ce rapport présente les résultats de l'évaluation à mi-parcours de deux composantes du programme éducatif BRiCE : le développement professionnel des enseignants (DPE) et l'amélioration des environnements d'apprentissage ensemble (ILET). Il présente également une analyse approfondie du bien-être des enseignants et de la qualité de l'enseignement dans les régions de Zinder et Diffa au Niger, et d'Uvira et Fizi dans la province du Sud-Kivu en RDC. De manière plus spécifique, le rapport explore plusieurs facteurs clés du bien-être des enseignants : leur statut professionnel, qui structure les inégalités dans la profession d'enseignant au Niger et en RDC ; leur identité sociale, avec un accent particulier sur le genre et l'ethnicité, qui jouent un rôle important dans la vie professionnelle et sociale des enseignants ; et leur exposition à la violence, en analysant comment les conflits violents pénètrent dans l'environnement scolaire et affectent le travail des enseignants.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn und Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, Dezember 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.
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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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Chronopoulos, Ilias, Katerina Chrysikou, George Kapetanios, James Mitchell und Aristeidis Raftapostolos. Deep Neural Network Estimation in Panel Data Models. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202315.
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In this paper we study neural networks and their approximating power in panel data models. We provide asymptotic guarantees on deep feed-forward neural network estimation of the conditional mean, building on the work of Farrell et al. (2021), and explore latent patterns in the cross-section. We use the proposed estimators to forecast the progression of new COVID-19 cases across the G7 countries during the pandemic. We find significant forecasting gains over both linear panel and nonlinear time-series models. Containment or lockdown policies, as instigated at the national level by governments, are found to have out-of-sample predictive power for new COVID-19 cases. We illustrate how the use of partial derivatives can help open the "black box" of neural networks and facilitate semi-structural analysis: school and workplace closures are found to have been effective policies at restricting the progression of the pandemic across the G7 countries. But our methods illustrate significant heterogeneity and time variation in the effectiveness of specific containment policies.
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Coyle, William, Mark Gehlhar, Thomas Hertel, Zhi Wang und Wusheng Yu. Understanding the Determinants of structural Change in World Food Markets. GTAP Working Paper, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp02.
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This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market insulation. However, once agricultural subsidies have also been eliminated, price transmission via the global trading system contributes positively to economic adaptation under climate change. products. This may partially explain the relatively slow growth of world grain import demand in recent years. In addition, bilateral agreements with East Asia, NAFTA, and the evolution of the CAP, have all had important impacts on the structure of world food and agricultural trade. The objective of this paper is to assess the relative role of each of the major forces-- consumer demand, factor accumulation, transport costs, and policy change--in driving changes in the composition of world food trade in 1980-1995. To do so, we employ a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade which permits us to isolate the contribution of each of these related factors to the changing composition of world food trade in a general equilibrium context. We evaluate the relative role of each of these factors by simulating the model backwards in time, from 1995 to 1980 under different assumptions. This general approach, termed “backcasting” (i.e. backwards forecasting), takes as exogenous the basic drivers of change and attempts to explain the resulting change in food trade composition. The model-produced changes in the composition of agricultural and food trade are compared with historical trade data, to determine the relative importance of each factor on the changing composition of food trade. Given limited space, our focus will be on explaining the changes in the global composition of food and agriculture trade. A natural follow-on effort would target specific markets in more detail. This type of backcasting approach was first employed by Gehlhar (1997) who sought to explain the shift in exports of primary commodities to manufactures in East Asia in the 1980's. He calibrated the GTAP model to 1992 data, then implemented shocks to factor endowments and economywide total factor productivity (TFP) in order to force each economy back to its 1982 levels of population, land, labor, human capital, physical capital and technology. By comparing actual and predicted changes in export shares in this period, he found human capital accumulation played a key role in explaining the change in the aggregate composition of East Asian exports. Gehlhar, Hertel and Martin (1994) built on this work in an effort to predict future changes in the pattern of agricultural trade from 1992-2002. They also emphasized the importance of supply-side determinants of agricultural trade. In this paper, we go beyond this earlier work in a number of ways. First, we focus on the composition of agricultural exports, rather than simply looking at the share of agriculture in total trade. Secondly, we incorporate the Cranfield et al. estimates of Rimmer and Powell’s recently developed, implicitly directly additive demand system (nicknamed AIDADS) into the GTAP model. This permits us to better capture the impact of demand-side changes on the pattern of global tr
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Sondheim, M., und C. Hodgson. Common hydrology features (CHyF) logical model. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328952.
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The Open Geospatial Consortium has defined "OGC WaterML 2: Part 3 - Surface Hydrology Features (HY_Features) - Conceptual Model", but not any particular implementation of it. The Common Hydrology Features (CHyF) model extends HY_Features and makes some minor changes to it required for implementation and the delivery of high performance services. HY_Features discusses catchment coverage and topological relations. In CHyF these are key ideas, as is the notion that hydrologically defined network components form elements of a mathematical graph, allowing for very fast network traversal. HY_Features defines catchments and catchment networks, as well as rivers, channels, flowpaths and hydrographic networks. The CHyF logical model specifies a profile and some extensions to HY_Features, as required to implement topological and graph relations. This starts with the definition of elementary catchments and elementary flowpaths, which are treated as fundamental elements. They are tightly specified terms corresponding to basic catchments and flowpaths in HY_Features and the basic components in the standard reach-catchment model (Maidment and Clark, 2016). If they are subdivided, the result is simply more elementary catchments and elementary flowpaths. Consequently, they are the building blocks used to form complementary coverages as well as a graph structure referred to as a hygraph. Building the hygraph necessitates that connections between features be manifest through their geometry. Divergences and distributaries are supported in CHyF, as the hygraph need not be hierarchical. Nevertheless, CHyF does recognize hierarchical drainage basins and the value in identifying them explicitly (Blodgett, et al, 2021). Different kinds of elementary catchments and elementary flowpaths are defined in CHyF. Of note is that polygonal waterbody features, or portions of such features, are treated as elementary catchments in their own right. In addition to these water catchments, several kinds of land-based elementary catchments are recognized. These model constructs are compatible with the higher level conceptual model in HY_Features, although they differ in detail from other popular implementation models. With the approach taken it becomes practical to handle very large lakes and rivers, as well as coastal ocean zones. CHyF also includes wetlands, glaciers and snowfields as kinds of hydro features; these features help complete the concept of a catchment coverage as put forward by HY_Features.
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Rudd, Ian. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Robotics to Improve Mental Health. Intellectual Archive, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2710.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the oldest fields of computer science used in building structures that look like human beings in terms of thinking, learning, solving problems, and decision making (Jovanovic et al., 2021). AI technologies and techniques have been in application in various aspects to aid in solving problems and performing tasks more reliably, efficiently, and effectively than what would happen without their use. These technologies have also been reshaping the health sector's field, particularly digital tools and medical robotics (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). The new reality has been feasible since there has been exponential growth in the patient health data collected globally. The different technological approaches are revolutionizing medical sciences into dataintensive sciences (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). Notably, with digitizing medical records supported the increasing cloud storage, the health sector created a vast and potentially immeasurable volume of biomedical data necessary for implementing robotics and AI. Despite the notable use of AI in healthcare sectors such as dermatology and radiology, its use in psychological healthcare has neem models. Considering the increased mortality and morbidity levels among patients with psychiatric illnesses and the debilitating shortage of psychological healthcare workers, there is a vital requirement for AI and robotics to help in identifying high-risk persons and providing measures that avert and treat mental disorders (Lee et al., 2021). This discussion is focused on understanding how AI and robotics could be employed in improving mental health in the human community. The continued success of this technology in other healthcare fields demonstrates that it could also be used in redefining mental sicknesses objectively, identifying them at a prodromal phase, personalizing the treatments, and empowering patients in their care programs.
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Motamed, Ramin, David McCallen und Swasti Saxena. An International Workshop on Large-Scale Shake Table Testing for the Assessment of Soil-Foundation-Structure System Response for Seismic Safety of DOE Nuclear Facilities, A Virtual Workshop – 17-18 May 2021. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/jjvo9762.
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Aging infrastructure within the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear facilities poses a major challenge to their resiliency against natural phenomenon hazards. Examples of mission-critical facilities located in regions of high seismicity can be found at a number of NNSA sites including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Nevada National Security Site. Most of the nation’s currently operating nuclear facilities have already reached their operating lifetime, and most currently operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) have already reached the extent of their operating license period. While the domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to grow, if currently operating NPPs do not extend their operations and additional plants are not built quickly enough to replace them, the total fraction of electrical energy generated from carbon-free nuclear power will rapidly decline. The decision to extend operation is ultimately an economic one; however, economics can often be improved through technical advancements (McCarthy et al. 2015) and research and development (R&D) activities. Similarly, the operating lifetime of the current DOE- and NNSA-owned critical infrastructure can be extended using the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) framework to systematically identify the risk associated with designing and operating existing facilities and building new ones. Using this framework consists of several steps, including (1) system analysis considering the interaction between components, such as evaluating the soil-foundation-structure system response; and (2) assessment of areas of uncertainty. Both of these steps are essential to assessing and reducing risks to the DOE and NNSA nuclear facilities. While the risks to the DOE’s facilities are primarily due to natural hazard phenomena, data from large-scale tests of the soil-foundation-structural system response to seismic shaking is currently lacking. This workshop aimed to address these key areas by organizing an international workshop focused on advancing the seismic safety of nuclear facilities using large-scale shake table testing. As a result, this workshop, which was held virtually, brought together a select group of international experts in large-scale shake table testing from the U.S., Japan, and Europe to discuss state-of-the-art experimental techniques and emerging instrumentation technologies that can produce unique experimental data to advance knowledge in natural hazards that impact the safety of the DOE’s nuclear facilities. The generated experimental data followed by research and development activities will ultimately result in updates to ASCE 4-16, one of the primary design guides for DOE nuclear facilities per DOE-STD-1020-2016. The ultimate objective of the workshop was to develop a “road map” for the future experimental campaign and innovative instrumentations using the newly constructed DOE-funded large-scale shake table facility at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) as well as other large-scale shake table testing facilities. This new facility resulted from a collaborative project engagement between UNR and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (LBNL). This report summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and highlights the key outcomes from presentations and discussions.
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León, Carlos. Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). FNA, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/deff9232.
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One of the key lessons of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis is the importance of financial market infrastructures (FMIs) as a pillar of financial stability. Before, the role of financial market infrastructures, namely the provision of trading, clearing, settling, recording, and compressing services for transactions between financial institutions (FIs) was often taken for granted. This was reflected in FMIs having often been referred to as the financial system’s plumbing, including by the Federal Reserve’s 14th chairman (Bernanke, 2011)—a clear reference to the critical yet concealed importance of FMIs in the safe and efficient functioning of financial markets. Today, it is clear that the failure of an important FMI will almost certainly lead to systemic instability in financial markets. Given this, it is evident that FMIs are critical infrastructures; that is, based on a definition by the European Commission (2008), FMIs can be considered systems that are essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people. In light of this importance, it’s perhaps surprising that the literature about financial networks has addressed the importance of FMIs rather recently and sparingly. The archetypical financial network, composed of FIs as elements (the nodes) that are interlinked through different types of relations (e.g., exposures, payments, ownership, common holdings), has been complemented by the introduction of FMIs as an additional layer that provides a medium for FIs to interact. As highlighted in Berndsen, et al. (2018), a network of FIs that does not include FMIs is a logical network—one that displays bilateral relations despite those requiring the intervention of an FMI to exist. And that’s why the plumbing reference is particularly illustrative: when looking at the floor plan of a house, the plumbing is a critical additional layer hidden beneath the first—immediately visible—layer; in a building, carelessly knocking down a wall could have a disastrous effect on the supply of water, electricity, gas, communications within the apartment and even to others above and below–not to mention the effect on the structural integrity of the building. However, there are further layers beneath those containing FIs and FMIs. In fact, a financial network composed of FIs and FMIs is still a logical network, as the connections between FIs and FMIs also require the intervention of other elements to exist. Those elements provide the physical connection that enables the interlinkages among FIs and FMIs, in the form of wired (e.g., cable) or wireless (e.g., radio waves) connections. That is, as stated by Berndsen, et al. (2018), the interdependence of financial markets with physical networks, such as power and communication networks, make those networks critical infrastructures and obvious candidates for examining the stability of financial systems from an operational perspective.
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Archibeque, Ben, Kari O'Connell, Isabel Delgado, Christopher Nytch, Nancy Merlo und Emily Ortiz Franco. Public Engagement with Science at Luquillo-Long-Term Ecological Research Program: Results from a Case Study. Oregon State University, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1174.
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The goals of this work are to a) understand community perspectives related to public engagement with science and the Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LUQ-LTER) program, b) enhance existing relationships within these communities, and c) illuminate opportunities for establishing new relationships between the LUQ-LTER program and its surrounding community. We share results from our case study that includes three methods of data collection: interviews with natural resource managers, a community conversation activity with 12 local community organizations, and a survey given at a public outreach event at El Portal de El Yunque. From interviews with natural resource managers, we learned they are looking for collaborations which directly benefit the resources they manage (forests, water, etc.), and they are also hoping for more formal communication structures between them and the LUQ-LTER. Sixty percent of the organizations at the Community Conversation shared that the most valuable outcome was learning that LUQ-LTER existed .All participants expressed interest in collaborating with the LUQ-LTER and said that LUQ-LTER’s long term ecological data could be beneficial for them to use and LUQ-LTER could be a productive context to share data they gather to heighten utility in all directions. From a survey given at the International Day of Forests Celebration, we learned that most people present at the activity came to the El Yunque National Forest to learn about the forest, spend time with family, or enjoy the forest. We also learned that during previous visits to El Yunque, they most commonly either day hiked or visited a geographical feature (waterfall or observation tower). When asked about which activities they would like to have happen in the future in El Yunque, most people indicated high levels of interest in having educational activities (like festivals or flora and fauna workshops), workshops or training on environmental issues, and night tours. The volunteer opportunities for which the most people indicated highest levels of interest were trail, camp, and related maintenance as well as fish and wildlife opportunities. Overall, everyone we talked to was interested in more collaboration and working together in the future, giving the LUQ-LTER program an excellent starting point for building stronger relationships with the community surrounding their site.