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1
Elbasha, Nuri Mohamed. „LIGHTER HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE BEAM“. Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2, Nr. 2 (27.09.2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v2i2.17-26.
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High strength concrete (HSC) has been used extensively in civil construction projects worldwide because it reduces the cross section and the weight of long construction members. In recent years a marked increase in the use of High Strength Concrete (HSC) has been evident in Australian building construction despite the fact that the current Australian design standard provides no design rules for such a material. Very limited information on the properties of HSC and its design and construction processes are available in Australia, although in recent times many studies have been undertaken to produce material and, more importantly, to determine its characteristic. In the last 20 years there has been extensive research to economically utilize new components to improve the quality of HSC. HSC produces smaller but stronger structural elements with large spaces available. It has been studied that the cost of using HSC instead of Normal Strength Concerete (NSC) in different types of constructions. This proved that structures constructed with HSC are lighter and economical compared with those constructed with NSC. In the long term durability significantly affects project costs. In other words after several years a concrete structure needs rehabilitation or in critical cases must be demolished, therefore the price of a project consists of initial costs plus those covering any rehabilitation. A huge amount of money could be saved by utilizing the durability characteristics of high strength concrete. This study presents recent information and the benefits of high strength concrete. Also, provides in brief an experimental proof that installing a helix with a suitable pitch and diameter in the compression zone of beams significantly enhances their strength and ductility. Therefore, designers could confidently use high-strength concrete and helical confinement to design long and light reinforced concrete beams.
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Romanenko, S. M., und Y. P. Andriievska. „TECHNICAL INSPECTION OF THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF FRAMES WITH COLD-ROLLED THIN-WALLED PROFILES“. Modern structures of metal and wood, Nr. 25 (August 2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2021-25-119-129.
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Cold rolled steel structures have been known since the mid-19th century in the United States and Great Britain. Despite the advances in the development of cold-rolled structures, the level of their use was lower than that of hot-rolled structures. A significant factor that influenced this imbalance in application was the fact that there were no regulations. Into different countries of the world have their own national regulations for the calculation of cold-rolled steel structures, which have many controversies. In the European group includes the norms of the countries of the European Union, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan; American group - the United States of America, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Chile, Egypt. The regulations of such large countries as China, India and Russia have their own characteristics. The article presents the results of a technical survey of the load-bearing structures of the canopy. The survey was carried out to determine the bearing capacity of the roof load-bearing structures in relation to the location of the solar panels on the roof of the building. The construction of buildings and their structural parts from light steel thin-walled structures (profiles) is carried out in the form of light frames, the frames of which are successively connected into spatial systems. A new lightweight roof covering made of profiled sheet and a frame structure made of cold-rolled P-profile and C-profile elements for roofing and installation of solar panels are proposed. Such a coating is the most industrialized, easily and quickly erected. The analysis of constructive options for the effective placement of the profile of cold-rolled elements and joints of the frame and reinforced concrete run of the coating is carried out. The design of the frame was carried out in the software package " Лира САПР 2013" . The results of the work carried out served to draw up recommendations for restoring the properties of the load-bearing structures of the canopy, the development of design estimates and implementations into construction practice during the reconstruction of the canopy.
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Otani, Shunsuke. „Earthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings“. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 2, Nr. 1 (2004): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/jact.2.3.
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Aoyama, H. „Recent development in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings in Japan“. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, Nr. 4 (31.12.1991): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.4.333-340.
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Japan experienced a quick development of highrise reinforced concrete frame-type apartment building construction, about 30 stories high, in the last decade. Outline of this development is first introduced in terms of planning of buildings, materials, construction methods, earthquake resistant design and dynamic response analysis. This quick development was made possible by, among others, the available high strength concrete and steel. In an attempt to further promote development of new and advanced reinforced concrete building structures, a five-year national project was started in 1988 in Japan, promoted by the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Outline of this project is introduced in the second part of this paper. It aims at the development and use of concrete up to 120 MPa, and steel up to 1200 MPa.
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Bagnoli, Matteo, Ernesto Grande und Gabriele Milani. „Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames“. Encyclopedia 2, Nr. 1 (09.02.2022): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010030.
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Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames are a very widespread structural typology all over the world for civil, strategic or productive uses. The damages due to these masonry panels can be life threatening to humans and can severely impact economic losses, as shown during past earthquakes. In fact, during a seismic event, most victims are caused by the collapse of buildings or due to nonstructural elements. The damage caused by an earthquake on nonstructural elements, i.e., those not belonging to the actual structural body of the building, is important for the purposes of a more general description of the effects and, of course, for economic estimates. In fact, after an earthquake, albeit of a low entity, it is very frequent to find even widespread damages of nonstructural elements causing major inconveniences even if the primary structure has reported minor damages. In recent years, many territories have been hit worldwide by strong seismic sequences, which caused widespread damages to the nonstructural elements and in particular to the masonry internal partitions and the masonry infill panels of the buildings in reinforced concrete, with damage to the floor and out-of-plane expulsions/collapses of single layers. Unfortunately, these critical issues have arisen not only in historic, but also in recent buildings with reinforced concrete, in many cases exhibiting inadequate seismic behavior, only partly attributable to the intrinsic vulnerability of the masonry panels against seismic actions. Such problems are due to the following aspects: lack of attention to construction details in the realization of the construction, use of poor-quality materials, and above all lack of design tools for the infill masonry walls. In 2018, regarding the design of nonstructural elements, the formulation of floor spectra has been recently introduced in Italy. This entry article wants to focus on all these aspects, describing the state of the art, the literature studies and the design problems to be solved.
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Lazzali, Farah, und Mohamed N. Farsi. „Vulnerability Index of Algiers Reinforced Concrete Buildings“. Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.228.
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Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings experienced major damage in past earthquakes. Structural damage including column cracking, shear failure and collapse, were due to particular conditions, such as: poor member sizing and detailing, soft stories, building irregularity, bounding, bad quality of construction materials and workmanship. Various approaches and methods to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings were established through examining a damage indicator: “vulnerability index”. In this work, a simplified vulnerability index based on design parameters describing the deficiencies of the structural system is proposed. The global index of each R/C building in the surveyed area is evaluated and normalized.
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Tassios, T. P. „Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings“. Structural Safety 12, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1993): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(93)90008-o.
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Rady, Mohammed, Sameh Youssef Mahfouz und Salah El-Din Fahmy Taher. „Optimal Design of Reinforced Concrete Materials in Construction“. Materials 15, Nr. 7 (02.04.2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072625.
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The structural design process is iterative and involves many design parameters. Thus, this paper presents a controlled framework for selecting the adequate structural floor system for reinforced concrete buildings and efficiently utilizing the corresponding construction materials. Optimization was performed using an evolutionary algorithm to minimize the total construction cost, considering the costs of concrete, steel reinforcement, formwork, and labor. In the problem formulation, the characteristic compressive strength of concrete was treated as a design variable because it affects the mechanical performance of concrete. The design variables included the column spacings, concrete dimensions, and steel reinforcement of different structural components. The constraints reflected the Egyptian code of practice provisions. Because the choice of the structural floor system affects the design details, three systems were considered: solid slabs, flat slabs with drop panels, and flat slabs without drop panels. Two benchmark examples were presented, and the optimal design results of the structural floor systems were compared. The solid slab system had the lowest construction cost among the three structural floor systems. Comparative diagrams were developed to investigate the distribution of construction costs of each floor system. The results revealed that an adequate choice of design variables could save up to 17% of the building’s total construction cost.
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Pavlikov, Andrii, Serhii Mykytenko und Anton Hasenko. „Effective Structural System for the Affordable Housing Construction“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.2 (20.06.2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14422.
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This article falls within vital question in quickly builds construction – theoretical method for calculating the slabs and columns of such buildings. Calculation research of buildings with reinforced concrete frame slabs is described in the article. The features of work the collapsible flat plate ceiling in composition of reinforced concrete framework of building are analyzed. Problems in the design of framework building are considered in order to increase its reliability. The suggestions for directions of perfection the calculation of flat plate frame construction elements are proposed in the article. The novelty of this work is to get new theoretical data about bearing capacity and deformability of structural system for the affordable housing construction from reinforced concrete.
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Massone, Leonardo M., Patricio Bonelli, René Lagos, Carl Lüders, Jack Moehle und John W. Wallace. „Seismic Design and Construction Practices for RC Structural Wall Buildings“. Earthquake Spectra 28, Nr. 1_suppl1 (Juni 2012): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000046.
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Reinforced concrete buildings utilizing structural walls for lateral load resistance are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories. Typical buildings include a large number of walls, with ratios of wall cross-sectional area to floor plan area of roughly 3% in each principal direction. Based on the good performance of RC buildings in the March 1985 earthquake, requirements for closely spaced transverse reinforcement at wall boundaries were excluded when Chile adopted a new concrete code in 1996 based on ACI 318-95. In recent years, use of three-dimensional linear models along with modal response spectrum analysis has become common. Since 1985, nearly 10,000 new buildings have been permitted. Although the newer buildings have similar wall area to floor plan areas as older buildings, newer walls are thinner and buildings are taller, leading to significantly higher wall axial load ratios.
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Qahorov, K. Q., O. E. Sysoev und E. O. Sysoev. „Influence of Class of Concrete on Oscillations of Thin-Wall Cylindrical Reinforced Concrete Shells“. Materials Science Forum 992 (Mai 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.59.
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Thin-walled cylindrical shell made of reinforced concrete, is widely used in the construction of buildings and structures as coatings and forms of architecture of buildings. Thin-walled shell its shape can give entertainment to the architectural design of buildings, and their rigidity helps to block large spans, creating more closure of the room without additional supports. Another advantage of using cloud forms of structures is the efficiency of this design, since for the manufacture of shell forms of structures less construction material is spent than any other design for coating. The purpose of theoretical calculations and the studied excrement over reinforced concrete shells with different elastic modules, is to ensure reliability in the operation of buildings and structures, and to exclude accidents arising resonance phenomena of free vibrations of the shells from the effects of external forces (loads). On the basis of the laboratories of Komsomolsk-on-Amur state University in the laboratory of building materials and structures, experimental studies were conducted to determine the spectra of forced and free vibrations of the reinforced concrete shell with different elastic modules. The purpose of research on reinforced concrete shells is to determine the oscillation frequencies at different locations of the combined masses. The article deals with the theoretical calculation based on the equation of the theory of flat thin-walled shells, using the Bubnov-Galerkin method, by which we determine how the parameters of the shell affect the process of free oscillation.
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Sorace, Stefano, und Gloria Terenzi. „Innovative Structural Solutions for Prefab Reinforced Concrete Hall-Type Buildings“. Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, Nr. 1 (29.07.2019): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18748368019130149.
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Background:The anti-seismic design of prefab reinforced concrete buildings is usually carried out with a conventional ductility-based approach. This implies a remarkable plastic demand on columns, as well as damages to the connections of structural and non-structural members, for seismic events with comparable intensity to the basic design earthquake normative level.Objective:In view of this, a study was developed and aimed at extending to the field of new prefab reinforced concrete structures the application of advanced seismic protection strategies, capable of guaranteeing undamaged response up to the maximum considered earthquake normative level.Method:A benchmark building was designed as demonstrative case study for this purpose, in the three following hypotheses: (a) according to a traditional ductility-based approach; (b) by incorporating dissipative bracings, equipped with fluid viscous dampers; (c) by placing a seismic isolation system at the base, composed of a set of double curved surface sliders.Results:The results of the verification analyses show that the targeted performance for the design solutions b) and c) is obtained with sizes of columns and plinths notably smaller than those for the conventional design. This allows compensating the additional cost related to the incorporation of the protective devices, for the dissipative bracing system, and limiting additional costs below 25%, for the base isolation solution. At the same time, a supplemental benefit of the latter is represented by greater protection of contents and plants, as they are fully supported by the seismically isolated ground floor.Conclusion:The study highlights the advantages offered by the two advanced seismic protection technologies in an unusual field of application, guaranteeing an enhanced performance of structural and non-structural elements, as well as reduced member sizes, as compared to the traditional ductility-based design.
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Wallace, John W., Leonardo M. Massone, Patricio Bonelli, Jeff Dragovich, René Lagos, Carl Lüders und Jack Moehle. „Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall Buildings“. Earthquake Spectra 28, Nr. 1_suppl1 (Juni 2012): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000047.
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In 1996, Chile adopted NCh433.Of96, which includes seismic design approaches similar to those used in ASCE 7-10 (2010) and a concrete code based on ACI 318-95 (1995) . Since reinforced concrete buildings are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories, the 27 February 2010 earthquake provides an excellent opportunity to assess the performance of reinforced concrete buildings designed using modern codes similar to those used in the United States. A description of observed damage is provided and correlated with a number of factors, including relatively high levels of wall axial load, the lack of well-detailed wall boundaries, and the common usage of flanged walls. Based on a detailed assessment of these issues, potential updates to U.S. codes and recommendations are suggested related to design and detailing of special reinforced concrete shear walls.
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Hao, Yan E., und Yong Qiang Lan. „Analysis on Setting Joints Technology in the Concrete Structure Buildings“. Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (Juni 2014): 2052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2052.
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If reasonable joint is set in the design and construction of concrete structure buildings in advance as required, it can not only avoid or alleviate structural cracking and guarantee the quality of engineering construction, but also be good to improve the structural integrality and durability and lengthen service life of the buildings. This paper states the main types and functions of joints in the design and construction of reinforced concrete structure buildings. Then the major forms of setting joint technology are analyzed and discussed so as to provide references for relevant engineering technicians.
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Rady, Mohammed, und Sameh Youssef Mahfouz. „Effects of Concrete Grades and Column Spacings on the Optimal Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings“. Materials 15, Nr. 12 (17.06.2022): 4290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124290.
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This paper investigates the effects of concrete grades and column spacings on the optimal design of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. To this end, cost design optimization was performed for buildings with three different floor systems: flat plates (FS), flat slabs with drop panels (FSDP), and solid slabs (SS). The evolutionary method provided by the Excel solver was used as the optimization algorithm because it can deal with the complex nature of structural design problems. The objective function was the total construction cost of the building, including the costs of concrete, reinforcement bars, labor, and formwork, while still fulfilling the constraints of the Egyptian code of practice (ECP-18). The applicability of the presented algorithm was investigated in a design example, where the tuning of the evolutionary algorithm control parameters was sought, and the best parameters were investigated. Two case studies were employed to study the impacts of changing the column spacing and concrete grades on the optimal cost for each floor system. The results showed that low concrete grades, (i.e., characteristic strength up to 40 MPa) and column spacings up to 5 m are preferred in terms of direct construction costs for low-rise RC residential buildings.
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Popescul, Angela, und Serghei Popescul. „Volumetric-Adjustable Formwork for the Construction of Reinforced- Concrete Monolithic Buildings“. Intllectus, Nr. 1 (Juli 2022): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56329/1810-7087.22.1.11.
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Reinforced-concrete monolithic buildings offer high seismic resistance due to the lack of joints be-tween load-bearing walls and floors. Thus, the construction of residential, public, socio-cultural rein-forced-concrete monolithic buildings was applied for the first time in Chisinau. A three-dimensional formwork was used as technological equipment, designed for simultaneous pouring of concrete into vertical walls and floors, forming an integral construction. The formwork is made in the form of flat panels or large U-shaped and L-shaped sections, joined by a mechanism of approach and extension to the design dimensions of the concrete room. After the concrete hardens, the structure is transferred by a crane for successive concreting of the next floors.
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Krylov, Sergey B., Ravil S. Sharipov, Sergey A. Zenin und Yury S. Volkov. „Directions of Convergence of the Requirements of the Main Domestic Standard for the Design of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures SP 63.13330.2012 with the Requirements of the International Standard ISO 19338“. Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, Nr. 1 (18.03.2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2019-1-93-98.
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Design standards on building structures should contain, first of all, the performance and assessment requirements of structures. At the same time, design standards should provide the possibility for design and construction of concrete and reinforced concrete parts of buildings and structures that meet the requirements of the Technical regulations "On the safety of buildings and structures".
Taking into account the importance of ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures erected with the use of structural concrete, the technical Committee of the international organization for standardization ISO TC 71 "Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete", certifies national standards for compliance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 19338 "Performance and Assessment Requirements for Design Standards on Structural Concrete", developed by the same Committee.
The standard describes the issues that should be included in the standards for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures (terms and definitions, basic requirements, performance requirements,loads and impacts, design estimates, requirements for manufacturing and construction, as well as quality control). These requirements are common to all standards in the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
In this regard, it is relevant and important to establish the possibility of presenting the National Code of rules SP 63.13330.2012 "SNiP 52.01-2003 Plain and Reinforced Concrete Structures. General Provisions" for certification for compliance with the requirements of ISO 19338. To achieve this goal, the relevant work has been done, based on the results of which were made the proposals for the submission of SP 63.13330.2012 for certification for compliance with ISO 19338:2014. These proposals are set out in the text of the article.
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Ovchinnikova, A. E., und A. S. Belkin. „Designing reinforced concrete structures in the ARM Model Studio CS“. Upravlenie kachestvom (Quality management), Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-01-2301-09.
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The construction of buildings and structures made of reinforced concrete structures, both prefabricated and monolithic, has become widespread in modern construction. Accordingly, there are more and more requirements for the design of this type of objects. To simplify the work on projects, there are many programs for the construction of objects for various purposes and obtaining project documentation. One of the solutions in the field of design of the architectural and construction part (AR, AS, KJ, KM brands) is the Model Studio CS Construction Solutions program, which is part of the product line developed by the company “SiSoft Development” (CSoft Development). The article discusses the functionality of this program in terms of the construction of reinforced concrete structures.
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Redmond, Laura, Lawrence Kahn und Reginald DesRoches. „Design and Construction of Hybrid Concrete-Masonry Structures Informed by Cyclic Tests“. Earthquake Spectra 32, Nr. 4 (November 2016): 2337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/051615eqs070m.
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Reinforced concrete buildings with masonry infill are vulnerable in earthquakes primarily because the masonry walls often fail due to out-of-plane forces and can trigger soft-story collapses. In order to prevent these failures, many engineers in the Caribbean have partially reinforced the infill walls and connected them to the reinforced concrete frame. This forms a hybrid concrete-masonry structure. Hybrid concrete-masonry structures have the potential to improve the seismic performance of many structures across the globe, as they are an easy adaptation from traditional unreinforced masonry infill. However, there is little codified guidance for this type of structure, and the influence of the masonry infill and dowel connections on the in-plane behavior of the frame is often neglected. This paper summarizes the current design and construction practices for hybrid concrete-masonry structures and assesses their seismic performance via cyclic tests on full scale test specimens. Based on the results of the experiment, a method is proposed to account for the dowel connections and the partially reinforced infill when designing hybrid concrete-masonry structures in earthquake zones.
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GETUN, Galyna, Iryna BEZKLUBENKO, Victoria KOSHEVA und Inna KOSHEVA. „STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCRETE AND EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES“. Building constructions. Theory and Practice, Nr. 10 (27.06.2022): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2522-4182.10.2022.42-55.
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This days the use of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in construction is common. Their widespread use has been made possibleby the achievements of engineers and architects ofpast centuries. The authors consider the main defining stages of development of concrete and reinforced concrete structures and their widespread popularization in the world. A consistent historicaloverview of the development of structural forms of reinforced concrete in residential and non-residential buildings was made. Numerous examples illustrate the path of development of reinforced concrete structures - from strut-beam systems to curvilinear spatial forms.The works of prominent civil engineers and architects are considered: F. Gennebique, M. Kenneth, O. Perre, R. Mayar, D. Mate Trucco, V. Bonade Bottino, R. Piano, E. Fressine, M. Berg, G. Trauer, E. Torroha, P. Luigi Nervi and others [2,13, 15].The article analyzes the development of architecture, building structures and construction technologies in the crucial phases of historical development based on the use of architectural research,which is based on the analysis of objective features of buildings and structures, namely their functional purpose and design capabilities. The experience of designing and construction of unique constructionswith large-span coverings, the search for rationalconstructive decisions are traced, recommendations for the further perspective development of reinforced concrete designs are given.
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Saatcioglu, Murat, Dan Palermo, Ahmed Ghobarah, Denis Mitchell, Rob Simpson, Perry Adebar, Robert Tremblay, Carlos Ventura und Hanping Hong. „Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the 27 February 2010 Maule (Chile) earthquake“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, Nr. 8 (August 2013): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0243.
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The paper presents observed damage in reinforced concrete buildings during the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile. Performance of concrete frame and shear wall buildings are discussed with emphasis on seismic deficiencies in design and construction practices. It is shown that the majority of structural damage in multistorey and high-rise buildings can be attributed to poor performance of slender shear walls, without confined boundary elements, suffering from crushing of concrete and buckling of vertical wall reinforcement. Use of irregular buildings, lack of seismic detailing, and the interference of nonstructural elements were commonly observed seismic deficiencies. A comparison is made between Chilean and Canadian design practices with references made to the applicable code clauses. Lessons are drawn from the observed structural performance.
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Castel, Arnaud, Raoul François, Maria Paola Santisi d’Avila und Doug Jenkins. „New service limit state criteria for reinforced concrete in chloride environments“. Corrosion Reviews 37, Nr. 1 (28.01.2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0100.
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AbstractIn chloride environments, reinforcement stress limits, intended to control flexural cracking, are one of the most important requirements for service limit state (SLS) design. However, concrete damage at the steel-concrete interface between bending cracks, so called cover-controlled cracking, is always correlated to areas of severe steel reinforcement corrosion. Based on the assumption that cover-controlled cracking should be limited, a model has been developed to provide alternative reinforcement stress limits in marine exposure conditions such as concrete in sea water, including permanently submerged, spray zone and tidal/splash zone, as well as coastal constructions located within 1 km of the shoreline. In this paper, the new reinforcement stress limitation is compared to the Australian Standards AS3600 concrete building code and AS5100.5 concrete bridge code provisions. Analysis shows that the new model is very sensitive to the reinforcement percentage of the cross-section. As a result, the existing AS3600 and AS5100.5 code provisions are more conservative than the new limitation for lightly to normally reinforced concrete cross-section. In this case, crack width control governs the SLS design. However, for normally to heavily reinforced concrete cross-section, the new model provides more conservative results suggesting that cover-controlled cracking governs the SLS design.
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Cogurcu, M. T. „Construction and design defects in the residential buildings and observed earthquake damage types in Turkey“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, Nr. 4 (30.04.2015): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-931-2015.
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Abstract. Turkey is situated in a very active earthquake region. In the last century, several earthquakes resulted in thousands of deaths and enormous economic losses. In 1999, the Kocaeli earthquake had an approximate death toll of more than 20 000, and in 2011 the Van earthquake killed 604 people. In general, Turkish residential buildings have reinforced concrete structural systems. These reinforced concrete structures have several deficiencies, such as low concrete quality, non-seismic steel detailing and inappropriate structural systems including several architectural irregularities. In this study, the general characteristics of Turkish building stock and the deficiencies observed in structural systems are explained, and illustrative figures are given with reference to the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. The poor concrete quality, lack of lateral or transverse reinforcement in beam–column joints and column confinement zones, high stirrup spacings, under-reinforced columns and over-reinforced beams are the primary causes of failures. Other deficiencies include weak-column–stronger-beam formations, insufficient seismic joint separations, soft-story or weak-story irregularities and short columns. Similar construction and design mistakes are also observed in other countries situated on active earthquake belts. Existing buildings still have these undesirable characteristics, and so to prepare for future earthquakes they must be rehabilitated.
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Murty, C. V. R. „Learning earthquake design and construction 17. How do earthquakes affect reinforced concrete buildings?“ Resonance 10, Nr. 4 (April 2005): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02834651.
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Wang, Tao, Xi Chen, Wen Feng Li und Qi Song Miao. „Seismic Performance of Masonry Buildings Retrofitted by Pre-Cast RC Panels“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (Mai 2012): 1811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1811.
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Proposed in this study is a retrofitting technology that can be applied on exiting masonry buildings. It employs pre-cast reinforced concrete panels to confine existing masonry structure. The pre-cast members constitute a frame which encomprises the existing building. The confinement effectively improves the ductility, strength, and stiffenss of masonry structures. Moreover, the reinforced concrete panels are fabricated in factory, significantly reduces the situ construction and construction period. To demonstrate the design theory, construction organization, and seismic performance of the retrofitted structure, a full-scale structure was tested physically. Pseudo-dynamic testing results indicate the feasibilty and effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting technology.
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Wang, Ziwei, und Ehsan Rezazadeh Azar. „BIM-based draft schedule generation in reinforced concrete-framed buildings“. Construction Innovation 19, Nr. 2 (17.04.2019): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2018-0094.
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PurposeProject schedules have a vital role in the effective management of time, cost, scope and resources in construction projects, and creating schedules requires schedulers with construction knowledge and experience. The increase in the complexity of building projects and the emergence of building information modeling (BIM) in the architecture, engineering and construction industry have encouraged researchers to explore BIM capabilities for automated schedule generation. The scope and capabilities of the developed systems, however, are limited and the link between design and scheduling is still underdeveloped. This paper aims to investigate methods to develop a BIM-based framework to automatically generate schedules for concrete-framed buildings.Design/methodology/approachThis system first extracts the required data from the building information model, including elements’ dimensions, quantities, spatial information, materials and other related attributes. It then applies construction rules, prior knowledge and production rate data to create project work-packages, calculate their durations and determine their relationships. Finally, it organizes these results into a schedule using project management software.FindingsThis system provides an automated and easy-to-use approach to generate schedules for concrete-framed buildings that are modeled in a BIM platform. It provides two schedules for each project, both a sequential and an overlapped solution, which the schedulers can modify into a practical schedule based on conditions and available resources.Originality/valueThis research project presents an innovative approach to use BIM-based attributes of structural elements to develop list of work-packages and estimate their durations, and then it uses a combination of rule-based and case-based reasoning to generate the schedules.
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Morgun, L. V., A. Yu Bogatina und V. N. Morgun. „MATERIALS AND MODERN STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES“. Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, Nr. 4 (02.01.2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-4-167-175.
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Objectives. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the fundamental difference between fibre-reinforced foam concrete and traditionally-used wall materials in terms of tensile strength.Method. An analysis of the effectiveness of heat-insulating and structural fibre-reinforced concrete in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, including frost resistance, is carried out.Results. The characteristics of the most important operational properties of fibre-reinforced foam concrete for insulating and structural purposes are given. The possibility of expanding the range of prefabricated products in connection with the level of tensile strength of fibre-reinforced foam concrete under bending is substantiated. Empirical data concerning the practical use of original products from fibrereinforced foam concrete in the construction of residential and public buildings in Rostov-on-Don is presented.Conclusion. It is shown that, in order to increase the heat transfer resistance of building envelopes, the use of fibre-reinforced foam concrete in the rehabilitation of existing buildings can ensure their high fire safety subject to the required sanitary and hygienic conditions. Fibre-reinforced foam concrete, being a gas-filled concrete of non-autoclave hardening, allows new design solutions to be offered for heat-insulating and structural purposes in the construction complex of the Russian Federation, which practical application expands the range of factory-made products, reduces energy consumption and contributes to the diversity of the architectural appearance of buildings.
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Liu, Ke Ding. „Finite Element Analysis of Wire Net Concrete Beam-Supported Aqueduct“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (Januar 2014): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.573.
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Aqueduct is a common water conveyance buildings, this paper adopts finite element method to carry out three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis for Shengli wire net concrete beam-supported aqueduct. Researching variation law of the aqueducts stress and displacement in construction process and operating process, the research results offer some reference for design and construction of reinforced concrete U-shaped beam-supported aqueduct. The analysis results show Shengli reinforced concrete aqueduct structure is economic and reasonable, structure is safe and reliable.
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Munter, Scott, und Eric Lume. „Role of engineers in seismic design and detailing of reinforced concrete buildings in Australia“. Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 18, Nr. 4 (02.10.2017): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2017.1409325.
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Nishiyama, Isao, Hiroshi Kuramoto und Hiroshi Noguchi. „Guidelines: Seismic Design of Composite Reinforced Concrete and Steel Buildings“. Journal of Structural Engineering 130, Nr. 2 (Februar 2004): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2004)130:2(336).
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Luchko, J., B. Nazarevich und V. Коvalchuk. „DEGRADATING CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES AND LONG-TERM STRUCTURES“. Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nr. 86 (31.03.2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2022-86-35-46.
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The problems of degradation of concrete and reinforced concrete constructions of buildings and constructions of long operation are formulated on the basis of the performed field researches and its urgency is noted in the work. The authors analyzed a number of works on this problem. In particular, the results of technical diagnostics of many buildings and structures, both newly built and long-term operation, are described. The necessity of periodic technical diagnostics is noted. Based on these studies, the main factors that significantly affect the reduction of load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures are summarized and found that they are as follows: design errors, defects and shortcomings of construction and operational shortcomings of buildings and structures. Also, using modern technologies and materials, the authors identified the benefits of their use for repair and restoration of concrete and reinforced concrete structures at a number of long-term facilities. Relevant conclusions have been formulated on research and repair works. It is established that to prevent loss of load-bearing capacity of structures for long-term operation it is necessary to study the degradation and residual life of load-bearing capacity of structures, their reliability and durability, which were exposed to aggressive air, soil and water. It is established that the reason for the decrease in the strength of concrete beams, which were operated in an aggressive environment, was the error in the design of corrosion protection of structures. Reinforcement and injection filling of dry cracks, crevices and hidden cavities and stratifications and other corrosion damage of beams and slabs with the use of fluid polyurethane compositions, which allowed to extend the service life of structures. It is established that the use of the Polymer Cement Concrete system with the use of glued composite materials ensured the further normal operation of the monolithic reinforced concrete floor of the technical floor of the residential building. Recommendations for the sequence of operations in the repair of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures of long-term operation.
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Georgiou, Antroula, Michalis Theodoulides und Ioannis Ioannou. „Engineered Cementitious Composites for the Conservation of 20<sup>th</sup> Century Concrete Architectural Heritage“. Key Engineering Materials 919 (11.05.2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x5552i.
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Architectural heritage nowadays includes concrete structures constructed in the 20th century. These buildings are usually under-detailed, since the actual behavior of reinforced concrete at the time of their construction was not clearly understood, whilst building codes incorporating seismic resistance design, especially in seismic prone areas, did not exist. This inevitably led to inefficient design and consequently to severe damages in many historic concrete buildings during past seismic events. This paper explores the use of novel Engineered (Fiber Reinforced) Cementitious Composites (ECCs), with strain hardening abilities in tension, for the repair and strengthening of old sub-standard reinforced concrete columns, focusing on their confining and shear strengthening potentials. The experimental results show that, when replacing the reinforcement cover with fiber reinforced ECCs, the fibers bridge tensile cracks, limiting their opening and increasing their resistance against volumetric expansion, ultimately leading to increased amounts of energy dissipation. ECCs may thus by used in the repair of historic concrete structural elements.
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Tunc, Gokhan, und Tanfer Tunc. „A Close Examination of Ankara’s Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed and Constructed between 1923 and 1938“. Buildings 13, Nr. 1 (25.12.2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010046.
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The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 out of the remains of the Ottoman Empire. Between 1923 and 1938, the Turkish republic underwent fifteen years of rapid expansion and growth, with Ankara as its new capital and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) as its first president. During this period, reinforced concrete (RC) played a significant role in the construction of Ankara’s public-use buildings. This study focuses on 57 of these structures, built either partially, or entirely, out of RC. The buildings are classified with respect to their duration, soil properties, foundation types, structural design details, construction types, materials and overall costs. In order to provide a better picture of the time period in which these buildings were designed and constructed, the technical, financial and political aspects of the projects, and the difficulties and challenges involved in their design and construction, are also discussed. Furthermore, this study outlines the impact of foreign engineers, construction workers, firms and the educational system on the development of civil engineering and use of RC in Turkey.
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Svintsov, Alexander P., und Alimu Cisse. „Thermal processing of fresh concrete with infrared radiation“. Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 17, Nr. 5 (30.12.2021): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2021-17-5-528-537.
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Currently, the construction of buildings made of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete is becoming increasingly relevant. The use of innovative technologies, minimum construction time, durability, reliability, the ability to perform work in various climatic conditions, architectural individuality contribute to the development of monolithic construction. Concrete and reinforced concrete are the main materials of modern construction. The quality of structures depends not only on the composition of concrete, the amount of portland cement, the chemical additives used, the water-cement ratio, the quality of fillers, etc., but also significantly on the heat and humidity regime of concrete holding. To ensure the necessary temperature conditions for hardening and strength gain of concrete, various methods of heating structures are used. One of the methods of concrete care is thermal processing during the hardening period and the acquisition of critical or design strength. The aim of the study is to improve the technology of erection of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures using thermal processing of concrete by means of infrared radiation. The technology of thermal processing of the laid and compacted concrete mixture using infrared heating and a two-chamber transparent shelter for infrared rays has been developed. The obtained results permit us to provide conditions for the normal course of the chemical reaction of hydration, hardening and strength gain. This allows successfully solve the problems of concreting in the erection of buildings and structures made of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete.
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Shi, Xiaona, Xian Rong, Lin Nan, Lida Wang und Jianxin Zhang. „A New Steel-Joint Precast Concrete Frame Structure: The Design, Key Construction Techniques, and Building Energy Efficiency“. Buildings 12, Nr. 11 (14.11.2022): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111974.
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Assembled methods play a critical role in the construction of precast concrete structures. However, conventional dry-connections-like sleeve grouting joints in precast concrete structures lagged at a low construction and management efficiency with poor quality control. In this study, a novel steel joint for precast reinforced concrete beam-column components is proposed to improve constructability. New joints transform the assembled method from reinforced concrete members into a steel structure by setting a pre-embedded steel connector at both ends of reinforced concrete beams and columns, showing outstanding economic, durability, and fire resistance capabilities. The construction process, construction efficiency, economy, and energy consumption were discussed based on the material, structure, and construction hybrid characteristics. Numerical simulation and structural health monitoring methods are used to monitor and evaluate the deformation and stress state of the proposed system in the whole construction process, so as to optimize the construction scheme and ensure safe and orderly construction. The results reveal that the FEA-simulated values of key building components during construction are in good agreement with the actual monitoring values, which verifies the feasibility of the FEM models and provides a guarantee for construction safety; the construction period of the proposed assemble system is reduced by approximately 56% and 40%, compared with the conventional reinforced concrete frame structure and cast-in-place joints in the precast concrete frame structure, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of buildings decreases by 20%. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design, calculation, and application of assembled precast structural systems.
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Wang, Hua. „Ecological Village Planning and Green Building Design from the Perspective of Rural Environmental Aesthetics“. Scientific Programming 2022 (14.06.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2022757.
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The society is making continuous progress, and the results of urban planning and construction are obvious to all. However, there are still many problems in the planning and construction of villages and towns, resulting in relatively backward development. The purpose of this article is to study the planning of ecological villages and towns and the design of green buildings from the perspective of rural environmental aesthetics. This article briefly introduces the principles and problems of ecological village planning through literature research and investigation and puts forward some suggestions on ecological village planning. Through investigation and experiment, the energy problem, structural material problem, and planning problem in green building design are analyzed. The results show that due to various limitations, the use and promotion of solar energy are blocked. Only by helping farmers solve their difficulties can clean energy be used in green buildings and the burning of straw be reduced. Nationwide, the proportion of brick-concrete structures, brick-wood structures, and reinforced concrete structures in rural housing reached 57.2%, 26%, and 12.5%, respectively. Many rural buildings pursue reinforced concrete structures, but brick and wood structures may be more suitable for most rural areas.
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Kuzina, Ekaterina, Vladimir Rimshin und Alexey Neverov. „Reserves and exposure assessment of reinforced concrete structures safety while reducing its power resistance“. E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503010.
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Structural safety of buildings is such an engineering state of the structures operability, foundations, the features of their joint power resistance to expected loads and impacts, taking into account their possible combinations in direction, intensity and mode, which ensures the established functional use with established reliability. The structural safety of buildings depends on design, on compositional and structural solutions, technological measures during construction and operation, which must be provided at all stages of the facility’s existence (construction, operation, repair, reconstruction, dismantling and dismantling). It is necessary to take into account the structural safety parameters of reinforced concrete structures that have received corrosion damage during solving the problems of construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures. Suggestions to quantify the reserves and exposure of structural safety and, accordingly, the reduction in power resistance of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete structures are presented in this article.
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Hanggara, Dicky, und Anil Christopher Wijeyewickrema. „Vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Indonesia subjected to tsunami inundation forces“. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, Nr. 2 (12.12.2019): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2019-0062.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the vulnerability of typical low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings located in Indonesia subjected to tsunami loading. Design/methodology/approach The vulnerability of typical three-story RC buildings located in Indonesia subjected to tsunami loading is discussed using fragility curves. Buildings without openings in all stories and buildings with openings in the first story are considered. The fragility curves are obtained by performing tsunami pushover analysis for several load cases, using different tsunami load estimation standards and references. The generalized linear method is used as a curve fitting method to construct the fragility curves. Findings The fragility curves show that the three-story RC buildings without openings in all stories subjected to tsunami loading have a high probability of collapse. Openings in the first story will reduce the vulnerability of the buildings. Originality/value Fragility curves are obtained by carrying out tsunami pushover analysis to evaluate the vulnerability of typical three-story RC buildings located in Indonesia. The results of this study show the need to include tsunami loads in the design code for Indonesian buildings and the benefits of having openings in the first story of the building.
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Malakhova, Anna. „Estimation of cracking of reinforced concrete load-bearing construction structures at the stage of their technical inspection“. MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102040.
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The article describes the process and causes of cracking of bearing reinforced concrete structures, revealed during the inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings at the stage of their erection, at the stage of suspended construction and in the operational stage. The reasons for the appearance of cracks in reinforced concrete structures under force loads and climatic influences are analyzed. Possible reasons for the appearance of cracks in a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling of a multi-storey building of a column structural system and in monolithic walls of an underground cylindrical reservoir, identified by the author of the article when inspecting the technical condition of these structures, are given. The relationship between the appearance of destructive cracks and the design errors of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling is shown. The complex nature of the causes of the appearance of cracks in the monolithic walls of the underground reservoir is revealed. The article describes the capabilities of the LIRA-CAD software package for determining the pattern and parameters of fracture-formation of reinforced concrete structures for subsequent comparison with the results of an inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings and structures.
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Fraile-Garcia, E., J. Ferreiro-Cabello, F. J. Martínez de Pison und A. V. Pernia-Espinoza. „Effects of Design and Construction on the Carbon Footprint of Reinforced Concrete Columns in Residential Buildings“. Materiales de Construcción 69, Nr. 335 (10.06.2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2019.09918.
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Constructing structural elements requires high performance materials. Important decisions about geometry and materials are made during the design and execution phases. This study analyzes and evaluates the relevant factors for reinforced concrete columns made in situ for residential buildings. This article identifies and highlights the most sensitive aspects in column design: geometry, type of cement, and concrete strength performance. Using C-40 concrete mixed with CEM-II proved to cut costs (up to 17.83%) and emissions (up to 13.59%). The ideal combination of rebar and concrete is between 1.47 and 1.73: this is the percentage of the ratio between the area of rebar and the area of the concrete section. The means used during the execution phase affect resource optimization. The location of a building has only a minor impact, wherein the wind zone exercises more influence than topographic altitude.
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Nady, Omar, Sameh Youssef Mahfouz und Salah El-Din Fahmy Taher. „Quantification of Vertical Irregularities for Earthquake Resistant Reinforced Concrete Buildings“. Buildings 12, Nr. 8 (03.08.2022): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081160.
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In modern urban construction, irregular buildings are increasingly constructed to fulfill architectural and functional requirements. However, these buildings revealed unfavorable seismic performance during the past earthquake records. When the seismic design codes deal with the issue of building irregularity, little attention is paid to the location of irregularity. In the current study, a detailed structural analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the location of mass, stiffness, setback, and combined irregularities on the structural seismic response of twelve irregular building models. Based on the dynamic properties of the building, an irregularity index is proposed to quantify the effects of the magnitude and location of various types of vertical irregularities. The proposed index was able to successfully quantify all types of vertical irregularities.
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Jang, Hanbyeol, Yonghan Ahn und Seungjun Roh. „Comparison of the Embodied Carbon Emissions and Direct Construction Costs for Modular and Conventional Residential Buildings in South Korea“. Buildings 12, Nr. 1 (06.01.2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010051.
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Modular construction is an innovative new construction method that minimizes waste and improves efficiency within the construction industry. However, practitioners are hampered by the lack of environmental and economic sustainability analysis methods in this area. This study analyzes the embodied carbon emissions and direct construction costs incurred during the production phase of a modular residential building and provides comparison to an equivalent conventional residential building. Major drawings and design details for a modular residential building in South Korea were obtained, and the quantity take-off data for the major construction materials were analyzed for a modular construction method and a conventional construction method using a reinforced concrete structure under the same conditions. Focusing on major construction materials during the production phase, the embodied carbon emissions assessment revealed that adopting a modular construction approach reduced the environmental impact by approximately 36%, as compared to the conventional reinforced concrete method. However, in terms of the direct construction cost, the modular construction was approximately 8% more expensive than the conventional reinforced concrete construction method.
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Mitchell, Denis, Ronald H. DeVall, Katsumi Kobayashi, René Tinawi und W. K. Tso. „Damage to concrete structures due to the January 17, 1995, Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, Nr. 3 (01.06.1996): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-886.
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A brief history of the detailing changes following different Japanese earthquakes is presented. The design steps for reinforced concrete structures, as prescribed in the 1981 Japanese building code, are described. Observations on the damage and the collapse of reinforced concrete structures caused by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake are reported. Failures occurred in older structures built before the improved 1981 code. Deficiencies observed include discontinuities due to the change between composite steel and reinforced concrete construction and reinforced concrete construction in columns, poor detailing of transverse reinforcement in columns, lack of transverse reinforcement in beam–column joints, insufficient amount of vertical and horizontal reinforcement in walls, presence of significant torsional eccentricities, abrupt changes in stiffness over the height of buildings, and the use of "short" columns or "short" beams exhibiting high shear-to-moment ratios. The excellent performance of structures designed using the 1981 Japanese code is described. Key words: earthquake, Kobe, concrete structures, codes, damage, design.
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Belentsov, Yuri A., und Liliya F. Kazanskaya. „Non-destructive methods of concrete quality control as factor in reliability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in transport facilities“. Transportation Systems and Technology 4, Nr. 1 (15.03.2018): 058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2018041058-067.
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Aim: The development of theory and practice of construction science leads to a need to enhance the basics of design, construction and operation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Despite significant progress, there is risk of collapse of different structures at various stages of their lifecycle. Current state of construction industry leads to a need to increase the quality and reliability of buildings and structures under construction.
Methods: The authors have used methods of probabilistic forecasting in this work
Results: The development of methods of construction materials control, particularly concrete and reinforced concrete, leads to a gradual implementation of non-destructive control methods. To assess the change of confidence and reliability coefficients of designed structures, the authors have substantiated the transition to probabilistic rationing of strength properties of concrete and reinforced concrete structures using classes. Also, the authors suggest implementation of non-destructive control methods. However, non-destructive control methods have a number of drawbacks, the key among these being the decrease of confidence coefficient while preparing a calibration curve, which drastically affects the results of quality control. It is possible to solve the problem by creating a set of control tests including both destructive and non-destructive quality control methods. This will provide systems for collecting testing information of high accuracy.
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Fedorov, Sergey, und Pavel Kaydas. „VISUAL PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS FOR ASSESSING THE SURVABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS“. Construction and Architecture 9, Nr. 4 (18.12.2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2021-9-4-56-60.
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The development of digital technologies serves as an important tool for solving urgent problems in the field of construction of new and reconstruction of existing real estate objects.
The widespread introduction into practice of modern software systems that imply BIM technologies allows to avoid errors in the creation of design models of buildings and structures for the analysis of resistance to progressive collapse. This article examines the influence of the method of forming the design model on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the parameters of the stress-strain state of the bearing system.
The research methods are based on comparing the analysis results and the established parameters of the stress-strain state of the design model of a multi-storey building made of monolithic reinforced concrete when comparing them with the results of experimental studies.
It was found that the use of BIM-technologies, in particular, the system of the graphic editor of algorithms for constructing the design scheme of the building using the SAPFIR-3D software complex, when analyzing the resistance to the phenomena of progressive collapse, does not reduce the quality of the executed design model. Together with a decrease in labor intensity and the number of possible errors, the use of the described technology for the formation of a computational model will reduce the time required for the design work, which will reduce the time required to prepare the necessary documentation.
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Fiala, Ctislav, Jaroslav Hejl, Vladimira Tomalova, Vlastimil Bilek, Tereza Pavlu, Tomáš Vlach, Martin Volf, Magdalena Novotna und Petr Hajek. „Structural Design and Experimental Verification of Precast Columns from High Performance Concrete“. Advanced Materials Research 1106 (Juni 2015): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.110.
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Paper presents some results of long-term research of a new optimized subtle precast construction system based on high performance silicate composites. The system is particularly aimed for building construction in passive or zero-energy standard. Subtle structural elements from high performance concrete (HPC) can be integrated into building envelope of energy efficient buildings with significant reduction of envelope structure and avoiding risk of thermal bridges. Significant advantages of subtle elements are material and energy savings during production, transport, manipulation and construction on building site.Paper presents experimental verification of connection between columns and beams ensured by Peikko ́s PCs corbels. Moreover, production of two prototypes of high performance fibre reinforced columns over two floors is presented. Prototypes were casted in ŽPSV a.s. plant, Litice nad Orlicí in June 2014. Complex LCA analysis of three various reinforced concrete columns was performed. Analysis covers construction life phase. Consequently, environmental impacts of assessed variants were compared and evaluated. Results show that it is possible to reduce some impacts on the environment from 16 up to 65% in comparison with common solution of reinforced concrete columns due to the utilization of excellent mechanical properties of high performance concrete that enables the design of subtle structural elements.
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Özmen, Cengiz. „Reconciling Architectural Design with Seismic Codes“. Prostor 29, Nr. 1 (61) (30.06.2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).4.
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Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs. This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.
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Decanini, Luis D., Adriano De Sortis, Agostino Goretti, Laura Liberatore, Fabrizio Mollaioli und Paolo Bazzurro. „Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings during the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake“. Earthquake Spectra 20, Nr. 1_suppl (Juli 2004): 221–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1765107.
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About 10% of the almost 20,000 buildings damaged by the 2002 Molise, Italy, seismic sequence were reinforced concrete (RC). The most frequent type of damage affected the infill masonry walls, but in some cases cracks in concrete columns were observed. Heavy damage to both infills and structural elements was restricted to a few cases in the meizoseismal area. Almost all the affected municipalities were only classified as seismic in May 2003, following this earthquake. Consequently, construction generally used vertical-load-bearing moment-resisting frames with no explicit design for seismic lateral forces. In particular, the reinforced concrete buildings typically consist of cast-in-place unidirectional RC slabs lightened with hollow clay tiles, supported by RC beams and columns. Usually no shear walls are present, except in some cases for the elevator shaft. This paper covers: a) an overview and statistical analysis of damage to RC buildings, and b) a detailed analysis of two damaged buildings.
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Tun, Zin Zin, Anat Ruangrassamee und Qudeer Hussain. „Mitigation of Tsunami Debris Impact on Reinforced Concrete Buildings by Fender Structures“. Buildings 12, Nr. 1 (10.01.2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010066.
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Buildings located in coastal regions are prone to tsunami dangers, which often carry debris in the form of shipping containers and boats. This paper presents an approach for the design of fender structures to minimize debris impacts on buildings. The impact of shipping containers, which are categorized as large debris, is considered in the study. Since the weights of shipping containers are standardized, the impact energy can be related to other debris. For a fender structure, cone-type rubber fenders are used to resist the impact of the shipping container. Various fender reactions are considered as parameters to study the efficiency of the fenders. The displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis is carried out to determine the building capacity. The energy approach for shipping container impact is used to evaluate the resistance of the building. Capacity curves, energy absorptions, inter-story drift ratios of the buildings with and without a fender structure, and the efficiency of the fender are presented. The buildings with a fender structure can absorb the energy from the impact of a loaded shipping container. Conversely, the building without a fender structure cannot resist the impact of a loaded shipping container. From the obtained results, a recommendation is given for buildings with a fender structure. The hydrodynamic force on the fender structure is transferred to the main building through the fender. Hence, the yield force of the fenders affects the performance of the main building that must be considered in the design.
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Monjardin-Quevedo, J. Guadalupe, Federico Valenzuela-Beltran, Alfredo Reyes-Salazar, J. Martin Leal-Graciano, Xochitl G. Torres-Carrillo und J. Ramon Gaxiola-Camacho. „Probabilistic Assessment of Buildings Subjected to Multi-Level Earthquake Loading Based on the PBSD Concept“. Buildings 12, Nr. 11 (10.11.2022): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111942.
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An alternative probabilistic assessment of buildings excited by multi-level seismic loading is presented in this paper. This evaluation is developed for both steel and reinforced concrete buildings using the Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) concept. The methodology implements Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of inter-story drifts to extract structural risk in terms of the reliability index. Ten buildings of steel and reinforced concrete, respectively, are designed considering different locations in Mexico. Then, each structure is excited by ground motions representing different earthquake intensity levels for three performance levels: immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. The deterministic seismic response of buildings is extracted using the finite element software OpenSees. Based on the results, it can be stated that the probabilistic assessment technique represents an efficient approach for extracting the seismic risk of structures using PDFs of inter-story drifts. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the evaluation of buildings following PBSD is a step in the right direction, moving from traditional deterministic design concepts to probabilistic philosophies.