Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Building energetics“
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van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter D., und Boris R. Kingma. „Building and occupant energetics: a physiological hypothesis“. Architectural Science Review 56, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2012.759377.
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Smirnov, Yu M., D. O. Baidzhanov, E. K. Imanov und M. A. Zhurunova. „Energetics Metrics for Foam-Glass Concrete Building Products“. Glass and Ceramics 77, Nr. 7-8 (November 2020): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-020-00285-6.
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Karydis, Konstantinos, und Vijay Kumar. „Energetics in robotic flight at small scales“. Interface Focus 7, Nr. 1 (06.02.2017): 20160088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0088.
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Recent advances in design, sensing and control have led to aerial robots that offer great promise in a range of real-world applications. However, one critical open question centres on how to improve the energetic efficiency of aerial robots so that they can be useful in practical situations. This review paper provides a survey on small-scale aerial robots (i.e. less than 1 m 2 area foot print, and less than 3 kg weight) from the point of view of energetics. The paper discusses methods to improve the efficiency of aerial vehicles, and reports on recent findings by the authors and other groups on modelling the impact of aerodynamics for the purpose of building energy-aware motion planners and controllers.
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Szopkó, Szilárd, und Ildi Bölkény. „Communication solutions for smart buildings“. Multidiszciplináris tudományok 12, Nr. 4 (2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2022.4.2.
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Building energy is a priority in the European Union's energy efficiency directives. In line with this, the EnerOptima module implemented within the framework of the Earth Energy Competence Center Project aims to optimize the building energy of existing buildings. The selection of the communication of the measuring and control modules to be implemented in the project requires great care, as it determines the quality of the IoT network. The article deals with the communication options used in different building energetics and their comparison. The purpose of this article is to compare communication protocols that are well-suited to the project and to select the optimal one for the project.
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Murakami, Tatsuya. „Labor Mobilization and Cooperation for Urban Construction: Building Apartment Compounds at Teotihuacan“. Latin American Antiquity 30, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2019): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.78.
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Teotihuacan underwent an urban renewal during the Tlamimilolpa phase (AD 250–350) in which more than 2,000 apartment compounds were constructed to accommodate its estimated 100,000 residents. Although the orderly layout and canonical orientation of the city imply top-down planning, growing evidence suggests a bottom-up process of urban transformation. This study combines architectural energetics with archaeometric analysis of nonlocal construction materials (lime plaster and andesitic cut stone blocks) to examine the labor organization behind the construction of the apartment compounds. The results of the energetic analysis suggest that residents relied on labor forces external to their compounds, whereas materials analysis indicates that the procurement, transportation, and production of building material were centrally organized and thus indicative of a state labor tax. Based on these results, I argue that compounds were assembled through corporate group labor exchange or communal (neighborhood-level) labor cooperation/obligation, with differing degrees of support from the state labor tax. Apartment compound construction was not uniform but rather a diverse process in which state labor mobilization, communal labor obligations, and corporate labor exchange were articulated in various ways.
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Iancu, I. E., und L. M. Moga. „Thermal bridge assessment at industrial buildings“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1185, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1185/1/012027.
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Abstract It is well known that the thermal performance of a building is influenced by the solutions that define the building’s envelope. In the case of industrial buildings, due to the use of different envelope solutions (e.g. sandwich panels, prefabricated concrete panels etc.), the types of thermal bridge details are often different in comparison to those currently found in residential, office and administrative buildings. Thus, several numerical simulations were performed by analysing details of envelope elements identified at industrial buildings, especially the areas prone to intensified heat flow (joint areas, intersections, glazed surfaces, and others.). Therefore, the paper will present the assessment of thermal bridge details for four industrial buildings having various destinations. The effects of two-dimensional heat transfer in envelope elements, such as windows, walls, foundations, roofs and doors, will be evaluated. The impact of the thermal bridges will be measured by verifying to what extent the level of thermal performance of each envelope component meets the thermal resistance requirements, as well as the building envelope ensures the global heat transfer coefficient for each of the studied cases. A series of conclusions and recommendations will be provided for specialists and designers in the building energetics field.
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Kuzawa, Christopher W., und Clancy Blair. „A hypothesis linking the energy demand of the brain to obesity risk“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 27 (17.06.2019): 13266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816908116.
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The causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial. We propose that one unconsidered but likely important factor is the energetic demand of brain development, which could constrain energy available for body growth and other functions, including fat deposition. Humans are leanest during early childhood and regain body fat in later childhood. Children reaching this adiposity rebound (AR) early are at risk for adult obesity. In aggregate data, the developing brain consumes a lifetime peak of 66% of resting energy expenditure in the years preceding the AR, and brain energy use is inversely related to body weight gain from infancy until puberty. Building on this finding, we hypothesize that individual variation in childhood brain energy expenditure will help explain variation in the timing of the AR and subsequent obesity risk. The idea that brain energetics constrain fat deposition is consistent with evidence that genes that elevate BMI are expressed in the brain and mediate a trade-off between the size of brain structures and BMI. Variability in energy expended on brain development and function could also help explain widely documented inverse relationships between the BMI and cognitive abilities. We estimate that variability in brain energetics could explain the weight differential separating children at the 50th and 70th BMI-for-age centiles immediately before the AR. Our model proposes a role for brain energetics as a driver of variation within a population’s BMI distribution and suggests that educational interventions that boost global brain energy use during childhood could help reduce the burden of obesity.
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Downing, Charles Andrew, und Muhammad Shoufie Ukhtary. „Energetics of a pulsed quantum battery“. Europhysics Letters 146, Nr. 1 (27.03.2024): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad2e79.
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Abstract The challenge of storing energy efficiently and sustainably is highly prominent within modern scientific investigations. Due to the ongoing trend of miniaturization, the design of expressly quantum storage devices is itself a crucial task within current quantum technological research. Here we provide a transparent analytic model of a two-component quantum battery, composed of a charger and an energy holder, which is driven by a short laser pulse. We provide simple expressions for the energy stored in the battery, the maximum amount of work which can be extracted, both the instantaneous and the average powers, and the relevant charging times. This allows us to discuss explicitly the optimal design of the battery in terms of the driving strength of the pulse, the coupling between the charger and the holder, and the inevitable energy loss into the environment. We anticipate that our theory can act as a helpful guide for the nascent experimental work building and characterizing the first generation of truly quantum batteries.
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Zdrazilova, Nada, Denisa Valachova und Iveta Skotnicova. „The Applicability of Probabilistic Calculation Methods in Building Thermal Technology and Energetics“. Key Engineering Materials 832 (Februar 2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.832.109.
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The paper deals with the possibilities of using probabilistic calculation methods for the assessment of structures in building thermal technology and energetics. The subject is particularly the performance of individual probabilistic calculation methods that can be used for this purpose and their basic principles. Following are then examples of these calculations used in practice.
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Bíró-Szigeti, Szilvia. „Environmental analysis in building energetics sector from aspect of micro- and smallenterprises“. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 16, Nr. 2 (2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.so.2008-2.05.
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Burlacot, Peltier und Li-Beisson. „Subcellular Energetics and Carbon Storage in Chlamydomonas“. Cells 8, Nr. 10 (26.09.2019): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101154.
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Microalgae have emerged as a promising platform for production of carbon- and energy- rich molecules, notably starch and oil. Establishing an economically viable algal biotechnology sector requires a holistic understanding of algal photosynthesis, physiology, cell cycle and metabolism. Starch/oil productivity is a combined effect of their cellular content and cell division activities. Cell growth, starch and fatty acid synthesis all require carbon building blocks and a source of energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, but with a different requirement in ATP/NADPH ratio. Thus, several cellular mechanisms have been developed by microalgae to balance ATP and NADPH supply which are essentially produced by photosynthesis. Major energy management mechanisms include ATP production by the chloroplast-based cyclic electron flow and NADPH removal by water-water cycles. Furthermore, energetic coupling between chloroplast and other cellular compartments, mitochondria and peroxisome, is increasingly recognized as an important process involved in the chloroplast redox poise. Emerging literature suggests that alterations of energy management pathways affect not only cell fitness and survival, but also influence biomass content and composition. These emerging discoveries are important steps towards diverting algal photosynthetic energy to useful products for biotechnological applications.
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Zhao, Dongbo, Shubin Liu und Dahua Chen. „A Density Functional Theory and Information-Theoretic Approach Study of Interaction Energy and Polarizability for Base Pairs and Peptides“. Pharmaceuticals 15, Nr. 8 (28.07.2022): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15080938.
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Using density functional theory (DFT) and the information-theoretic approach (ITA) quantities to appreciate the energetics and properties of biopolymers is still an unaccomplished and ongoing task. To this end, we studied the building blocks of nucleic acid base pairs and small peptides. For base pairs, we have dissected the relative importance of energetic components by using two energy partition schemes in DFT. Our results convincingly show that the exchange-correlation effect predominantly governs the molecular stability of base pairs while the electrostatic potential plays a minor but indispensable role, and the steric effect is trivial. Furthermore, we have revealed that simple density-based ITA functions are in good relationships with molecular polarizabilities for a series of 30 hydrogen-bonded base pairs and all 20 natural α-amino acids, 400 dipeptides, and 8000 tripeptides. Based on these lines, one can easily predict the molecular polarizabilities of larger peptides, even proteins as long as the total molecular wavefunction is available, rather than solving the computationally demanding coupled-perturbed Hartree–Fock (CPHF) equation or its DFT counterpart coupled-perturbed Kohn–Sham (CPKS) equation.
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Čiuprinskas, Kęstutis, und Vytautas Martinaitis. „PARTICULARITIES OF DETERMINING PRIMARY ENERGY NEEDS FOR BUILDING MATERIALS/PIRMINĖS ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ STATYBINĖMS MEDŽIAGOMS NUSTATYMO YPATUMAI“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 3, Nr. 11 (30.09.1997): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1997.10531351.
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Civil buildings in Lithuania consume one half of final energy or about 70% of heat generated in thermoelectric and heat power stations. However, energy is necessary not only for exploitation but also for the creation of buildings: manufacture of building materials, transportation and construction. For global energy saving in the construction industry, at the state level, it is important to determine an optimum ratio between energy requirement for building creation and exploitation. Taking into account the durability of buildings for the evaluation of strategic relation ships between energetics and construction industry it is reasonable to use a physical building life cycle energy requirement model, because the reliability of an economical prognosis is usually lower than that in physical processes. In this work generalised ratios are suggested for energy requirement by the main building materials, which can be used in the calculation of a physical building life cycle model. In collecting this information three sources were used, namely: from Lithuania, former USSR and Western countries. In the beginning we hoped that the collected information would show higher energy needs for the production of building materials in Lithuania and other former USSR countries than those in developed countries, where manufacturing technology is more modern, and energy saving measures have been implemented earlier. After collecting more data, it was evident from foreign—literature that in Western countries the energy needs are bigger because they are based on other energy needs estimation levels. In the estimation data of energy needs for the Lithuanian building materials industry the levels of technological processes are not clearly described. In this case an application of such data for a physical model of life cycle cost estimations cannot be used directly. For a more detailed analysis 10 building materials were chosen: silicate brick, ceramic brick, rockwool, polyctirol, cement, timber, steel, glass, concrete, ferro-concrete. Energy requirements are classified according to 4 levels of full technological processes, i.e.: for the main process, for raw materials, for machines and for machines that produce these machines. Taking into account the indetermination of the information of data sources, the values can be recommended only for a tentative evaluation. More precise values can be obtained by a detailed analysis of the Lithuanian industry. For building construction industry prognosis one monitoring for building and insulation material manufacturing processes is necessary taking into account different technological levels and processes.
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Jones, Alison M., und Ray Berkelmans. „Tradeoffs to Thermal Acclimation: Energetics and Reproduction of a Reef Coral with Heat TolerantSymbiodiniumType-D“. Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/185890.
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The photo-physiological characteristics of thermo-tolerantSymbiodiniumtypes have been postulated to have negative effects on the energetics of the reef corals by reducing fitness. To investigate this, two key and inextricably coupled indicators of fitness, lipids and reproduction, were monitored in colonies of the broadcast-spawning coralAcropora milleporaover a two-year period that included a natural bleaching event. In the absence of bleaching ITS1-type clade D predominant colonies had 26% lower stored lipids compared to C2 colonies. At spawning time, this correlated with 28% smaller eggs in type-D colonies. This energetic disparity is expected to have reduced larval duration and settlement-competency periods in type-D compared to type-C2 colonies. More importantly, irrespective of the effect of genotype, the fitness of all corals was adversely affected by the stress of the bleaching event which reduced prespawning lipids by 60% and halved the number of eggs compared to the previous year. Our results extend work that has shown that direct temperature stress and symbiont change are likely to work in concert on corals by demonstrating that the lipids and reproduction of the reef building corals on tropical reefs are likely to be impaired by these processes as our climate warms.
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Yeole, Sachin D., Nityananda Sahu und Shridhar R. Gadre. „Structures, energetics and vibrational spectra of CO2 clusters through molecular tailoring and cluster building algorithm“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, Nr. 21 (2012): 7718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp23761j.
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Agapito, Filipe, und Benedito J. Costa Cabral. „Energetics of Radical Formation in Eumelanin Building Blocks: Implications for Understanding Photoprotection Mechanisms in Eumelanin“. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, Nr. 50 (08.12.2016): 10018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10122.
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Duclert-Savatier, Nathalie, Guillaume Bouvier, Michael Nilges und Thérèse E. Malliavin. „Building Graphs To Describe Dynamics, Kinetics, and Energetics in the d-ALa:d-Lac Ligase VanA“. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 56, Nr. 9 (12.09.2016): 1762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00211.
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Bouvier, Guillaume, Nathalie Duclert-Savatier, Michael Nilges und Thérèse E. Malliavin. „Building Graphs to Describe Dynamics, Kinetics and Energetics in the D-Ala:D-Lac Ligase Vana“. Biophysical Journal 110, Nr. 3 (Februar 2016): 378a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2044.
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Jim, C. Y., und S. W. Tsang. „Ecological energetics of tropical intensive green roof“. Energy and Buildings 43, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 2696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.06.018.
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Zhu, W. D., und J. Ni. „Energetics and Stability of Translating Media with an Arbitrarily Varying Length“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, Nr. 3 (01.06.1999): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1303003.
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The linear dynamics of a class of translating media with an arbitrarily varying length is investigated. The tension in the media arising from their longitudinal accelerations is incorporated. The dynamic stability of the continuous media relative to the inertial and moving coordinate systems is studied from the energy standpoint. The exact expressions for the rates of change of energies of media are derived and interpreted from both control volume and system viewpoints. The stability analyses relative to the inertial and moving coordinate systems result in the same predictions. Examples including a robotic arm through a prismatic joint and an elevator cable in a high-rise building illustrate the analysis. In particular, the results explain an inherent “unstable shortening cable behavior” encountered in elevator industry. [S0739-3717(00)00503-1]
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Rawat, B. S., P. C. Pant und G. C. Joshi. „Energetics study of a natural convection solar crop dryer“. International Journal of Ambient Energy 30, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2009): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2009.9675096.
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Štuhec, S., G. Verhoeven und I. Štuhec. „MODELLING BUILDING COSTS FROM 3D BUILDING MODELS – ESTIMATING THE CONSTRUCTION EFFORT FROM IMAGE-BASED SURFACE MODELS OF DRY-STONE SHEPHERD SHELTERS (KRAS, SLOVENIA)“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (31.01.2019): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-691-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, sheep shepherds have built dry-stone shelters all over the Slovene Kras (or Karst) region. Despite being made out of stones that are interlocked without the use of any binding material, many of these vernacular constructions survived &ndash; even though sometimes only partially &ndash; the ravages of time. The fact that over one hundred fifty shepherd shelters are currently known is mainly due to the craftsmanship of their builders and thanks to (and even despite) their present location. A majority of these stone constructions can be found in areas that are nowadays forested, thus shielding them from weather-related or anthropogenic damage (because they are difficult to spot). This paper reports on the geometric documentation of those shelters using a photogrammetric computer vision pipeline, thereby mainly focussing on the difficulties that were encountered during this process. However, such image-based modelling approaches merely yield digital three-dimensional (3D) approximations of the shelters’ surface geometry (along with some sub-optimal colour data). Although these 3D surface models might be suitable to digitally preserve vulnerable vernacular buildings to some extent, they do not magically advance our understanding of them. The second part of this article focuses, therefore, on the extraction of archaeological information from these digital 3D constructions. More specifically, the total amount of stones, the total building time and the building cost regarding caloric energy expenditure are estimated for each of the digitised shelters. Although this assessment of architectural energetics provided useful insight into the building efforts and nutrient uptake of the shepherds, it also revealed many assumptions and shortcomings that often characterise archaeological information extraction from digital 3D models of buildings.</p>
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Bielskus, Juozas, und Egidijus Saulius Juodis. „EDUCATIONAL WIND TUNNEL / MOKOMASIS AERODINAMINIS VAMZDIS“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, Nr. 4 (31.12.2012): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.78.
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The paper analyzes an educational wind tunnel produced by the Department of Building Energetics (DBE) of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The equipment could be used for performing laboratory works and simple research. The article presents the projection of inflow and outlet velocity in the working chamber of DBE wind tunnel and carries out actual noise level measurement. The received data are compared with information on the level of noise generated by the fan considering instructions provided by the manufacturer. In order to assess the reliability of the computer program, simulation applying PHOENICS software has been conducted. The aim of modeling is to simulate a pilot model and to compare the obtained results with those of an analogous test presented in scientific articles. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Vilniaus Gedimino technikos Pastatų energetikos katedros (PEK) mokomasis aerodinaminis vamzdis, su kuriuo galima atlikti laboratorinius darbus ir nesudėtingus mokslinius tyrimus. Pateikta PEK aerodinaminio vamzdžio darbinės kameros įtekėjimo ir ištekėjimo greičių projekcija, taip pat atliktas faktinis triukšmo lygio matavimas, kuris lyginamas su ventiliatoriaus gamintojų pateiktu triukšmo lygiu. Siekiant įvertinti kompiuterinės programos patikimumą, atliktas kompiuterinis modeliavimas programa PHOENICS. Modeliavimo tikslas – sumodeliuoti bandomąjį modelį, gautus rezultatus palyginti su analogiško bandymo rezultatais, pateiktais moksliniuose straipsniuose.
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Holden, Susan, und Steven Chaddock. „Concrete on Campus: Material Values of Late Modern Campus Buildings“. Change Over Time 12, Nr. 1 (März 2023): 6–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cot.2023.a927227.
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Abstract: Late modern concrete buildings that were a cornerstone of post–World War II university expansion in Australia are reaching a point where they require conservation, adaptation or replacement. Material perspectives reveal the entanglement of cultural and environmental values in managing the legacy of this building stock. The University of Queensland St. Lucia campus is taken as a case study to examine this entanglement. At UQ, the cultural heritage values of its modernist buildings are not well understood or acknowledged through existing heritage legislation. At the same time, the decarbonization agenda presents compelling reasons to keep and maintain buildings, particularly concrete ones with high embodied energy, despite the challenges presented by carbonation to the longevity of reinforced concrete as a material. In this article we explore how a material view both advances and complicates understanding of the UQ campus environment, alongside the potential for new digital tools to integrate qualitative and quantitative data and give agency to the university as an ecological custodian of its environment. Through analysis of a selection of 1960s and 1970s exposed concrete buildings, we explore how material values change the imperatives of built environment custodianship, and how energetics is changing our understanding of architectural materials such as concrete.
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Hasija, Avantika, Shubham Som und Deepak Chopra. „Investigation of crystal structures, energetics and isostructurality in halogen-substituted phosphoramidates“. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 78, Nr. 2 (15.03.2022): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520622000889.
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A total of 14 compounds, one unsubstituted and 13 halogen-substituted phosphoramidates, have been synthesized from unsubstituted and halogenated (fluoro-, difluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-substituted) aniline and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride to investigate their molecular assembly in solid-state structures. Amongst them, six groups were formed based on similarities in unit-cell dimensions, space group and molecular assembly of the crystal. The analysis reveals that all the crystal structures contain robust N—H...O hydrogen bonds which are the primary building blocks with ancillary interactions such as C—H...O, C—H...π, C—H...F/Cl/Br/I, F...F, F...π, I...π, Br...π, I...O and Br...O. The role of short and directional C—H...O and C—H...π interactions providing significant stabilization to the densely packed crystalline arrangement is discussed. The contribution of these interactions in stabilizing the crystalline assembly was deduced via computing total interaction energy between dimers and the overall lattice energies using the computer programs Crystal Explorer 17.5 and PIXELC, respectively. Additionally, the occurrence of 3D isostructurality in phosphoradimates and their halogenated analogs was investigated using the XPac program. A comparison of the magnitudes of the torsion angles in the compounds substantiates the role of conformational flexibility in the solid state.
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Tamura, N., und J. L. Verger-Gaugry. „Classification, based on energetics, of ideal icosahedral clusters, and building blocks of icosahedral quasicrystals and approximant crystals“. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 153-154 (Februar 1993): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)90412-q.
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Abbott, David R., Douglas B. Craig, Hannah Zanotto, Veronica Judd und Brent Kober. „Calculating Hohokam Domestic Architecture Building Costs to Test an Environmental Model of Architectural Changes“. American Antiquity 84, Nr. 2 (April 2019): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.94.
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Studies of domestic architectural variation are rare in archaeological research, possibly because the essential methods remain underdeveloped. To encourage a comparative approach to explaining the construction differences in household dwellings, we designed and utilized objective and easily applied means to calculate labor costs for constructing a variety of domestic architectural styles in Hohokam society. We applied Abrams's (1989, 1994) approach, labelled “architectural energetics,” which converts architecture into its labor equivalents for building structures. By doing so, we derived standard units of measurement that promote comparative analysis. To demonstrate the method's utility, we turned to the pithouses and adobe surface structures at Pueblo Grande. We wanted to test whether the history of construction was driven by environmental degradation, and, in particular, a depletion over time of wood resources for home building (see Loendorf and Lewis 2017). Our analysis indicated that factors in addition to wood depletion likely contributed to the architectural changes at Pueblo Grande and across the Hohokam world.
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Pollmann, Friederike. „Global Characterization of the Ocean’s Internal Wave Spectrum“. Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, Nr. 7 (01.07.2020): 1871–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0185.1.
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AbstractA key ingredient of energetically consistent ocean models is the parameterized link between small-scale turbulent mixing, an important energy source of large-scale ocean dynamics, and internal gravity wave energetics. Theory suggests that this link depends on the wave field’s spectral characteristics, but because of the paucity of suitable observations, its parameterization typically relies on a model spectrum [Garrett–Munk (GM)] with constant parameters. Building on the so-called “finestructure method,” internal gravity wave spectra are derived from vertical strain profiles obtained from Argo floats to provide a global estimate of the spatial and temporal variability of the GM model’s spectral parameters. For spectral slopes and wavenumber scales, the highest variability and the strongest deviation from the model’s canonical parameters are observed in the North Atlantic, the northwest Pacific, and the Southern Ocean. Internal wave energy levels in the upper ocean are well represented by the GM model value equatorward of approximately 50°, while they are up to two orders of magnitude lower poleward of this latitude. The use of variable spectral parameters in the energy level calculation hides the seasonal cycle in the northwest Pacific that was previously observed for constant parameters. The global estimates of how the GM model’s spectral parameters vary in space and time are hence expected to add relevant detail to various studies on oceanic internal gravity waves, deepening the understanding of their energetics and improving parameterizations of the mixing they induce.
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Tsacheva, St. „COMMUNITY-LED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LAG “GALABOVO-OPAN” – ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES“. Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.085.
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The study follows and analyzes the work of LAG “Galabovo-Opan”, the objectives achieved by the organization, and the results obtained during the implementation of the Strategy for Community-led Local Development within the Programme “Rural Development” for 2016-2019. The object of this report is the activity of local communities for the development of the strategy, the formation of expert groups, the selection of potential beneficiaries and building capacities for its implementation in two municipalities from the region of Stara Zagora. The two municipalities have a different profile with respect to economic branches – highly developed mining industry and energetics in Galabovo Municipality and predominant agriculture in a municipality comprised by villages, such as Opan Municipality. We have also included the more important projects realized by LAG “Galabovo-Opan” for the above mentioned period.
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van den Beld, Youp. „Bouwen aan jezelf door te bouwen voor een ander. Een architecturale analyse van de graven uit de noordelijke begraafplaats van Ayios Vasilios“. Paleo-aktueel, Nr. 30 (14.12.2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/pa.30.11-22.
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Building on yourself to build for another: An architectural analysis of the graves from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios.
For this paper I have systematically examined the construction process of the tombs from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios (Laconia, Greece) using a method called architectural energetics. This method of analysis translates an architectural unit into labour costs. The calculated workhours have been combined with a precedence diagram in order to closely examine the level of human interaction, rather than to just compare labour costs. The study concludes that the transportation of the building materials that were used for the tombs was the most labour-intensive task. It also concludes that the materials that came from farthest away seem to have played the biggest role in the creation of meaning in the funerary rituals. Furthermore, two distinct strategies of construction were identified, one that focussed on scale, using low-cost materials that would have been locally available, and one that focussed on elaboration, using high-cost materials that must have come from elsewhere. The high-cost materials are theorized to have been involved in the creation of social networks among groups.
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Klanica, Radek, Hana Grison, Jindřich Šteffl und Roman Beránek. „Assessing the Volume of Defensive Structures for Architectural Energetics Analysis Using 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography“. Remote Sensing 14, Nr. 11 (01.06.2022): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112652.
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Architectural energetics is a methodology that translates architectural objects into a quantitative time-labor equivalent, from which information about past societies, labor organizations, or political relations can be inferred. Preceding such study, the volume of every architectural structure must be determined. This is usually done by in situ measurements and computing of volume by mathematical formulae or using UAV-based photogrammetry processed into digital surface model. However, both of these methods are impracticable in the case of buried or semi-buried monuments where the only remaining option is direct excavation. Hence, we introduce a new method for the determination of volumetric information based on the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical method. We conducted our study at defensive lines (ramparts/ditches) within two hillforts of different ages, constructed from different building materials, in the Czech Republic. ERT surveys performed in 3D can differentiate ramparts/ditches in detail from the surrounding environment based on resistivity. Compared to previous excavations, the 3D inversion results show that ERT can obtain meaningful volumes based on the chosen resistivity threshold. The best results were achieved on homogeneous semi-buried ramparts and the ditch. ERT can be performed at a fraction of the cost of direct excavation. This method also leaves an intact site for future generations.
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Irwin, Melinda L., Diana Lowry, Marian L. Neuhouser, Curtis Henry, Dorothy Sears, Kathryn Schmitz, Linda Nebeling und Jennifer A. Ligibel. „Transdisciplinary research in energetics and cancer (TREC) training program for early career investigators.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, Nr. 16_suppl (01.06.2022): 11031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11031.
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11031 Background: Given the rising prevalence of obesity, poor diet and physical inactivity, known in combination as “energy balance” or “energetics”, as well as their associations with cancer incidence and mortality, innovative research, clinical care and training of scientists are needed to lower the prevalence of these risk factors and in turn, lower cancer incidence and mortality rates. Methods: With NCI support (R25CA203650) from 2016-2021, we developed and offered an annual one-week, in-residence Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training workshop, followed by a yearlong mentoring program, that focused on energy balance and cancer research across the cancer control continuum. Results: We recruited, educated, trained and mentored 123 early career investigators (TREC Fellows) from 64 different institutions and from diverse academic backgrounds (i.e., 20% basic, 33% clinical and 47% population sciences) in transdisciplinary research in energetics and cancer. Fellows accepted to the TREC Training Program worked with more than 20 expert international TREC Faculty on developing grant applications and original research toward key gaps in energy balance and cancer research. TREC Fellows have published over 270 manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals, with at least 62 published manuscripts including the TREC Fellow as first or senior author and including a TREC Faculty and/or Fellow as co-author. Since completing the Program, TREC Fellows have received at least 31 extramural grants, as principal investigator. Building upon the strengths of the previous five years, we were awarded a competitive renewal to continue the TREC Training Program through 2026. TREC Training program goals are: (1) to continue to offer a TREC Training Program for ̃100 academically diverse early career investigators including a 5-day in-residence workshop focused on the Fellows research, networking, mentoring and professional development; (2) to evaluate the TREC Training Program and track TREC Fellows career development; and (3) to disseminate the TREC Training sessions, webinars and newsletter to the broader community of investigators. Conclusions: To our knowledge, no other in-residence training program exists that focuses on energetics and cancer research. Our vision is to continue the TREC mission of training scientists and clinicians to develop a cadre of well-trained, diverse researchers. The overall impact of this transdisciplinary training course will be defined by the degree to which TREC Fellows produce innovative research approaches and discoveries, thereby accelerating the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based approaches into everyday practice and patient care and improving the health of the population at risk for cancer as well as cancer survivors.
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Irwin, Melinda L., Diana Lowry, Marian L. Neuhouser, Curtis Henry, Dorothy Sears, Kathryn Schmitz, Linda Nebeling und Jennifer A. Ligibel. „Transdisciplinary research in energetics and cancer (TREC) training program for early career investigators.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, Nr. 16_suppl (01.06.2022): 11031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11031.
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11031 Background: Given the rising prevalence of obesity, poor diet and physical inactivity, known in combination as “energy balance” or “energetics”, as well as their associations with cancer incidence and mortality, innovative research, clinical care and training of scientists are needed to lower the prevalence of these risk factors and in turn, lower cancer incidence and mortality rates. Methods: With NCI support (R25CA203650) from 2016-2021, we developed and offered an annual one-week, in-residence Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training workshop, followed by a yearlong mentoring program, that focused on energy balance and cancer research across the cancer control continuum. Results: We recruited, educated, trained and mentored 123 early career investigators (TREC Fellows) from 64 different institutions and from diverse academic backgrounds (i.e., 20% basic, 33% clinical and 47% population sciences) in transdisciplinary research in energetics and cancer. Fellows accepted to the TREC Training Program worked with more than 20 expert international TREC Faculty on developing grant applications and original research toward key gaps in energy balance and cancer research. TREC Fellows have published over 270 manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals, with at least 62 published manuscripts including the TREC Fellow as first or senior author and including a TREC Faculty and/or Fellow as co-author. Since completing the Program, TREC Fellows have received at least 31 extramural grants, as principal investigator. Building upon the strengths of the previous five years, we were awarded a competitive renewal to continue the TREC Training Program through 2026. TREC Training program goals are: (1) to continue to offer a TREC Training Program for ̃100 academically diverse early career investigators including a 5-day in-residence workshop focused on the Fellows research, networking, mentoring and professional development; (2) to evaluate the TREC Training Program and track TREC Fellows career development; and (3) to disseminate the TREC Training sessions, webinars and newsletter to the broader community of investigators. Conclusions: To our knowledge, no other in-residence training program exists that focuses on energetics and cancer research. Our vision is to continue the TREC mission of training scientists and clinicians to develop a cadre of well-trained, diverse researchers. The overall impact of this transdisciplinary training course will be defined by the degree to which TREC Fellows produce innovative research approaches and discoveries, thereby accelerating the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based approaches into everyday practice and patient care and improving the health of the population at risk for cancer as well as cancer survivors.
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Burkett, Paul, und John Bellamy Foster. „Stoffwechsel, Energie und Entropie in Marx’ Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie:“. PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 40, Nr. 159 (01.06.2010): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v40i159.393.
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Until recently, most commentators, including ecological Marxists, have assumed that Marx’s historical materialism was only marginally ecologically sensitive at best, or even that it was explicitly anti-ecological. However, research over the last decade has demonstrated not only that Marx deemed ecological materialism essential to the critique of political economy and to investigations into socialism, but also that his treatment of the coevolution of nature and society was in many ways the most sophisticated to be put forth by any social theorist prior to the late twentieth century. Still, criticisms continue to be leveled at Marx and Engels for their understanding of thermodynamics and the extent to which their work is said to conflict with the core tenets of ecological economics. In this respect, the rejection by Marx and Engels of the pioneering contributions of the Ukrainian socialist Sergei Podolinsky, one of the founders of energetics, has been frequently offered as the chief ecological case against them. Building on an earlier analysis of Marx’s and Engels’s response to Podolinsky, this article shows that they relied on an open-system, metabolic-energetic model that adhered to all of the main strictures of ecological economics – but one that also (unlike ecological economics) rooted the violation of solar and other environmental-sustainability conditions in the class relations of capitalist society. The result is to generate a deeper understanding of classical historical materialism’s ecological approach to economy and society – providing an ecological- materialist critique that can help uncover the systemic roots of today’s “treadmill of production” and global environmental crisis.
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Masson, Valéry, Aude Lemonsu, Julia Hidalgo und James Voogt. „Urban Climates and Climate Change“. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45, Nr. 1 (17.10.2020): 411–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083623.
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Cities are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather episodes, which are expected to increase with climate change. Cities also influence their own local climate, for example, through the relative warming known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This review discusses urban climate features (even in complex terrain) and processes. We then present state-of-the-art methodologies on the generalization of a common urban neighborhood classification for UHI studies, as well as recent developments in observation systems and crowdsourcing approaches. We discuss new modeling paradigms pertinent to climate impact studies, with a focus on building energetics and urban vegetation. In combination with regional climate modeling, new methods benefit the variety of climate scenarios and models to provide pertinent information at urban scale. Finally, this article presents how recent research in urban climatology contributes to the global agenda on cities and climate change.
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Lakatos, Ákos. „Exceeding the Applicability Limit of Aerogel Super Insulation Materials in Different Environmental Conditions“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 21 (04.11.2020): 7824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217824.
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Newly designed and constructed buildings are subjected to increasingly strict regulations which emphasize the minimization and, where possible, the elimination of wasteful energy consumption, thus resulting in a decrease in emissions. Thermal insulation materials have an important role in making better use of the primary energy delivered to consumer systems, be it by an industrial process or building services systems or in residential and commercial buildings. It is well declared that buildings account for about 30% of total energy consumption, while they contribute to about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. High-performance insulation has great potential to achieve the European Commission’s ambitious goals for reducing the thermal loss of buildings. A new class of super insulation materials (SIMs) could play an important role in the future of insulations (e.g., fiber-reinforced silica aerogel). This material is grouped with super insulation materials by the sixty-fifth annex of the International Energy Agency. However, due to their short presence on the market, we do not know much about their long-term performance, and if their properties change with time, the question is how and in which direction they do. This is why their artificial aging is so important through thermal annealing, in addition to exposing them to high humidity and low temperatures. In this paper, the application of measurement results after the artificial aging of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel will be discussed. In order to see the changes in the thermal insulation capability of the materials, 13 different cases of environmental exposures are discussed. These cases will be presented to see possible changes in the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel after treating it in different climatic conditions. Firstly, samples were exposed to humidity treatments at 296 K with different relative humidities (0, 35, 50, 65, 80 and 90%) until they reached equilibrium moisture contents. Secondly, the samples were heat treated once for 6 weeks at 343 K, then for 1 day at 373, 423, 453 and 483 K. Moreover, we wanted to see the effects of frost, and thus we executed a freeze–thaw cycle on the samples for 25 days between 258 and 303 K. After these curing procedures, the thermal conductivities of the samples were measured with a heat flow meter, according to the ISO 8301 standard. The measured thermal conductivity values after heat treatment, wetting and freezing were used for building energetics calculations, with a special focus on the thermal transmittance of two different hypothetical building structures (brick- and concrete-based walls) covered with the mentioned insulation.
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Hilton, Geoff M., Mike H. Hansell, Graeme D. Ruxton, Jane M. Reid und Pat Monaghan. „Using Artificial Nests to Test Importance of Nesting Material and Nest Shelter for Incubation Energetics“. Auk 121, Nr. 3 (01.07.2004): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.777.
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Abstract Incubation is an energetically demanding process for parents, in part because of the thermodynamic costs of maintaining egg temperature. One might predict that aspects of nest construction—in particular, the thermodynamic properties of the nesting material and the degree to which the nest provides shelter from the wind—would have important effects on thermodynamic costs. However, little is known about the relative importance of those factors. Here, we investigate egg cooling rates in several commonly used nesting materials and in various wind speeds and examine the effect on those rates of wetting the materials. Nesting materials differ greatly in their insulating properties; feather down is the best insulator, and grass the worst. When the materials are wet, eggs cool much more rapidly, differences between materials tend to diminish, and down becomes the worst insulator. Hence, there may be significant selection pressure to choose particular nesting materials, but materials may be better or worse according to the situation of the nest. Increasing wind speed also has profound effects on egg cooling rates, even at the low speeds tested here, which implies strong selection pressure to locate and construct nests that minimize wind speed at the egg surface. Our results suggest that nest construction may have an important bearing on the subsequent costs of reproduction, and that important trade-offs may exist between nest construction for reduced thermodynamic costs, and other costs and benefits of nest-building and reproduction.
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Abriata, Luciano A. „Building blocks for commodity augmented reality-based molecular visualization and modeling in web browsers“. PeerJ Computer Science 6 (17.02.2020): e260. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.260.
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For years, immersive interfaces using virtual and augmented reality (AR) for molecular visualization and modeling have promised a revolution in the way how we teach, learn, communicate and work in chemistry, structural biology and related areas. However, most tools available today for immersive modeling require specialized hardware and software, and are costly and cumbersome to set up. These limitations prevent wide use of immersive technologies in education and research centers in a standardized form, which in turn prevents large-scale testing of the actual effects of such technologies on learning and thinking processes. Here, I discuss building blocks for creating marker-based AR applications that run as web pages on regular computers, and explore how they can be exploited to develop web content for handling virtual molecular systems in commodity AR with no more than a webcam- and internet-enabled computer. Examples span from displaying molecules, electron microscopy maps and molecular orbitals with minimal amounts of HTML code, to incorporation of molecular mechanics, real-time estimation of experimental observables and other interactive resources using JavaScript. These web apps provide virtual alternatives to physical, plastic-made molecular modeling kits, where the computer augments the experience with information about spatial interactions, reactivity, energetics, etc. The ideas and prototypes introduced here should serve as starting points for building active content that everybody can utilize online at minimal cost, providing novel interactive pedagogic material in such an open way that it could enable mass-testing of the effect of immersive technologies on chemistry education.
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Lee, Andrew K., David M. Lewis und Peter J. Ashman. „Harvesting of marine microalgae by electroflocculation: The energetics, plant design, and economics“. Applied Energy 108 (August 2013): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.003.
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Arkhipova, Lidija Sergevna. „Spatial Development of Innovation Systems in Russia“. Olsztyn Economic Journal 9, Nr. 4 (30.12.2014): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3182.
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While the development of the country's national innovation system as a whole is very important and should be prioritized, its regional aspect is even more important. The specifics of the Russian Federation's transition to an innovation-based economy is in that that, at the present time, prioritized is the need to ensure the effective development of those economy sectors that underlie the country's specialization and may provide regional and national competitive advantages. To such sectors belong the chemical industry, machine-building and power energetics. We would like to note that initial innovation awareness indicators in the regions are comparable and do not differ greatly but the growth of activity can be observed only in some of the regions. The problem of large differentiation among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by their level of economic development remains important and has to be dealt with.
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Prajapati, Aditya, Nitish Govindrajan, Wenyu Sun, Jeremy Feaster, Sneha A. Akhade und Christopher Hahn. „Insights into the Reaction Energetics and Phase Stability of Electrocatalysts for Upgrading Sustainable Alcohols“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 50 (28.08.2023): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01502588mtgabs.
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The energy efficiency of ambient electrolyzers is currently impacted by oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which not only consumes a significant amount of energy, but also produces oxygen, an intrinsically low value product. When paired with a desired cathodic reaction, such as CO2 conversion to value-added hydrocarbons, it is imperative to choose an anodic reaction that can utilize the energy supplied to the electrolyzer efficiently. Biomass alcohol oxidation has the potential to not only decrease the overall electrolyzer energy input by >50%, but also address critical needs for biomass conversion, another important 21st century non-fossil carbon resource. Here, we present the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as an alternative to OER, as this pathway not only decreases the theoretical overall energy input into the electrolyzer, but also produces FDCA, an important biomass-derived chemical building block for the sustainable polyester PEF, a compelling alternative to fossil-based PET which has a global market size of >30 Mt/yr. In this work, we show a synergistic experimental and computational catalysis framework to gain mechanistic insights into the reaction energetics of HMF oxidation on Ni-based catalysts. We experimentally evaluate the redox features of Ni on supports such as Au in a pH range of 10-13 as a function of Ni film thickness (<1-5 nm) to understand the intrinsic kinetics of HMF oxidation and the support effects on the reaction. Computationally, we compare the reaction energetics of OER and hydride transfer reaction of the HMF oxidation to understand the competing pathways on the anode and perform a bulk Pourbaix analysis as a function of strain caused by the presence of the support lattice to understand the phase stability of Ni oxides under oxidizing conditions. This systematic analysis could potentially serve as new guiding principles to design more energy efficient anodes to upgrade sustainable alcohols. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
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Karakatsanis, Georgios, und Nikos Mamassis. „Energy, Trophic Dynamics and Ecological Discounting“. Land 12, Nr. 10 (16.10.2023): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12101928.
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Ecosystems provide humanity with a wide variety and high economic value-added services, from biomass structuring to genetic information, pollutants’ decomposition, water purification and climate regulation. The foundation of ecosystem services is the Eltonian Pyramid, where via prey–predator relationships, energy metabolism and biomass building take place. In the context of existing ecosystem services classification and valuation methods (e.g., CICES, MEA, TEEB), financial investments in ecosystem services essentially address the conservation of trophic pyramids. Our work’s main target is to investigate how trophic pyramids’ dynamics (stability or instability) impact the long-run discounting of financial investments on ecosystem services’ value. Specifically, a trophic pyramid with highly fluctuating populations generates higher risks for the production of ecosystem services, hence for ecological finance instruments coupled to them, due to higher temporal uncertainty or information entropy that should be incorporated into their discount rates. As this uncertainty affects negatively the net present value (NPV) of financial capital on ecosystem services, we argue that the minimization of biomass fluctuations in trophic pyramids via population control should be among the priorities of ecosystem management practices. To substantiate our hypothesis, we construct a logistic predation model, which is consistent with the Eltonian Pyramid’s ecological energetics. As the logistic predator model’s parameters determine the tropic pyramid’s dynamics and uncertainty, we develop an adjusted Shannon entropy index (H(N)ADJ) to measure this effect as part of the discount rate. Indicatively, we perform a Monte Carlo simulation of a pyramid with intrinsic growth parameter values that yield oscillating population sizes. Finally, we discuss, from an ecological energetics standpoint, issues of competition and diversity in trophic pyramids, as special dimensions and extensions of our analytical framework.
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Ng, Nicholas, und Tyrel M. McQueen. „Misfit layered compounds: Unique, tunable heterostructured materials with untapped properties“. APL Materials 10, Nr. 10 (01.10.2022): 100901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101429.
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Building on discoveries in graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides, van der Waals (VdW) layered heterostructures—stacks of such 2D materials—are being extensively explored with resulting new discoveries of novel electronic and magnetic properties in the ultrathin limit. Here, we review a class of naturally occurring heterostructures—the so-called misfits—that combine disparate VdW layers with complex stacking. Exhibiting remarkable structural complexity and diversity of phenomena, misfits provide a platform on which to systematically explore the energetics and local bonding constraints of heterostructures and how they can be used to engineer novel quantum fabrics, electronic responsiveness, and magnetic phenomena. Like traditional classes of layered materials, they are often exfoliatable and thus also incorporatable as units in manually or robotically stacked heterostructures. Here, we review the known classes of misfit structures, the tools for their single crystal and thin film synthesis, the physical properties they exhibit, and the computational and characterization tools available to unravel their complexity. Directions for future research are also discussed.
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Eppig, Christopher, Corey L. Fincher und Randy Thornhill. „Parasite prevalence and the worldwide distribution of cognitive ability“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, Nr. 1701 (30.06.2010): 3801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0973.
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In this study, we hypothesize that the worldwide distribution of cognitive ability is determined in part by variation in the intensity of infectious diseases. From an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks. Using three measures of average national intelligence quotient (IQ), we found that the zero-order correlation between average IQ and parasite stress ranges from r = −0.76 to r = −0.82 ( p < 0.0001). These correlations are robust worldwide, as well as within five of six world regions. Infectious disease remains the most powerful predictor of average national IQ when temperature, distance from Africa, gross domestic product per capita and several measures of education are controlled for. These findings suggest that the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop.
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Chen, Dong, Jianming Gao, Danting Zheng, Zhiheng Guo und Zuncheng Zhao. „Gas Phase Conformation of Trisaccharides and Core Pentasaccharide: A Three-Step Tree-Based Sampling and Quantum Mechanical Computational Approach“. Molecules 28, Nr. 24 (14.12.2023): 8093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248093.
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As an important component of N-linked glycoproteins, the core pentasaccharide is highly crucial to the potential application prospect of glycoprotein. However, the gas phase conformation study is a challenging one due to the size and complexity of the molecule, together with the necessity to rely on quantum chemistry modeling for relevant energetics and structures. In this paper, the structures of the trisaccharides and core pentasaccharides in N-linked glycans in the gas phase were constructed by a three-step tree-based (TSTB) sampling. Since single point energies of all the conformers are calculated at the temperature of zero, it is necessary to evaluate the stability at a high temperature. We calculate the Gibbs free energies using the standard thermochemistry model (T = 298.15 K). For trimannose, the energetic ordering at 298.15 K can be strongly changed compared to 0 K. Moreover, two structures of trimannose with high energies at 0 K are considered to provide a much better match of IR vibration signatures with the low Gibbs free energies. On this basis, the core pentasaccharide was constructed in three ways. The building configurations of core pentasaccharide were optimized to obtain reasonable low-energy stable conformers. Fortunately, the lowest-energy structure of core pentasaccharide is eventually the minimum at 0 K and 298.15 K. Furthermore, spectrum analysis of core pentasaccharide was carried out. Although poorly resolved, its contour from the experiment was in qualitative correspondence with the computed IR spectrum associated with its minimum free energy structure. A large number of strongly and weakly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl and acetylamino groups contribute to a highly congested set of overlapping bands. Compared with traditional conformation generators, the TSTB sampling is employed to efficiently and comprehensively obtain preferred conformers of larger saccharides with lower energy.
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Kuvaldin, S. A. „Nuclear energetics of postsocialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe: it’s influence on forming of EU climate and energy policy“. Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), Nr. 10 (30.09.2022): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2210-02.
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Аt least in the last decade and a half the EU has put strict priorities on decarbonisation and developmennt of carbonfree technologies (mostly based on renewable energy resources) in its energy policy. Achieving this goal consists a challenge for many member-states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEU). That formed a tendency for this countries to defend nuclear power as a tool of decarbonisation. So this countries becomes a "nuclear fl ank" of the EU and has itd infl uences on forming outlines of energy and climate policy of the Union. The article describes the origin of nuclear power sector in the countries of the region and basic challenges for the sector during postsocialist transit and EU accesion. This challenges were overcome in building partnership with the players of world nuclear industry. In the same time lasting dependency from russian (soviet) nuclear technologies and general distrust of the EU toward the nuclear projects fi nanced by Russia formed an obstacle for several ambitious projects. Countries of the CEU also coordinated their positions on the role of nuclear sector in the decarbonisation and tried to fi nd poweful allies within the EU (France) to defend their stance.
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Estrada, Matthew A., Stefano Mintchev, David L. Christensen, Mark R. Cutkosky und Dario Floreano. „Forceful manipulation with micro air vehicles“. Science Robotics 3, Nr. 23 (24.10.2018): eaau6903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aau6903.
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Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are finding use across an expanding range of applications. However, when interacting with the environment, they are limited by the maximum thrust they can produce. Here, we describe FlyCroTugs, a class of robots that adds to the mobility of MAVs the capability of forceful tugging up to 40 times their mass while adhering to a surface. This class of MAVs, which finds inspiration in the prey transportation strategy of wasps, exploits controllable adhesion or microspines to firmly adhere to the ground and then uses a winch to pull heavy objects. The combination of flight and adhesion for tugging creates a class of 100-gram multimodal MAVs that can rapidly traverse cluttered three-dimensional terrain and exert forces that affect human-scale environments. We discuss the energetics and scalability of this approach and demonstrate it for lifting a sensor into a partially collapsed building. We also demonstrate a team of two FlyCroTugs equipped with specialized end effectors for rotating a lever handle and opening a heavy door.
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Zagorskas, Jurgis, Gražvydas Mykolas Paliulis, Marija Burinskienė und Jūratė Venckauskaitė. „Energetic Refurbishment of Historic Brick Buildings: Problems and Opportunities“. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 12, Nr. 1 (01.12.2013): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2013-0012.
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Abstract Building standards for energy effectiveness are increasing constantly and the market follows these changes by constructing new buildings in accordance with standards and refurbishment of the existing housing stock. Comprehensive trends in European construction market show tremendous increase in building retrofit works. It can be predicted that after the end of this decade, more than half of the construction works in European cities will be taking place in existing buildings, pushing the construction of new buildings to a less important role. Such a growth in building refurbishment works is creating a demand for suitable materials, retrofitting techniques and research. The differences between refurbishment of new-build projects and historical or valuable buildings are insufficiently recognized - mostly the buildings without further cultural preservation requirements are studied. This article covers the theme of refurbishment measures in historical buildings - the specific measures like inside insulation which are allowed due to the valuable façade or other heritage preservation requirements. An overview of other innovative methods for energy saving in existing buildings and their potential is given.
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Dey, Dhananjay, und Deepak Chopra. „Quantitative analysis of solid-state diversity in trifluoromethylated phenylhydrazones“. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 73, Nr. 5 (13.09.2017): 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520617006643.
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The cooperative roles of various structural motifs associated with the presence of different intermolecular interactions in the formation of molecular crystals are investigated in a series of trifluoromethylated phenylhydrazones. Out of the six compounds analysed, two exhibit three-dimensional structural similarities with geometrically equivalent building blocks, while a third exists as two polymorphic forms crystallized from ethanol solutions at low temperature (277 K) and room temperature (298 K), respectively. The compounds were characterizedviasingle-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques and differential scanning calorimetry. In the absence of any strong hydrogen bonding, the supramolecular constructs are primarily stabilizedviamolecular pairs with a high dispersion-energy contribution, due to the presence of molecular stacking along the molecular backbone along with C—H...π interactions in the solid state, in preference to an electrostatic contribution. The interaction energies for the most stabilizing molecular building blocks are in the range −29 to −43 kJ mol−1. In addition, weak N—H...F, C—H...F and N—H...C interactions and F...F, F...C, F...N and C...N contacts act as secondary motifs, providing additional stability to the crystal packing. The overall molecular arrangements are carefully analysed in terms of their nature and energetics, and the roles of different molecular pairs towards the crystal structure are delineated. A topological study using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules was used to characterize all the atomic interactions in the solid state. It established the presence of (3, −1) bond critical points and the closed-shell nature of all the interactions.
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Ilic-Martinovic, Olivera. „Research on the potential of traditional and contemporary family houses with the aim to create a low-energy house“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 14, Nr. 1 (2016): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1601091i.
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The strategy of the research paper is to conduct analysis of buildings for individual housing from the aspect of promotion of energetically efficient buildings construction. With that as a goal, all key aspects essential for design, such as government regulative necessary to comply with when constructing and reconstructing a building, climate conditions of the given area necessary in planning the strategy of construction, the record of existing housing stock as well as cultural identity through heritage of traditional buildings, were analysed. Through analysis of a traditional building, a reference model of the existing housing stock and hypothetical model- newly designed building, via software for analysis of energetic performances, the conclusions have been made and practical guidelines were given in the reconstruction of the existing and construction of new buildings based on tested scientific proofs. The work is focused on investigation and application of the elements of traditional architecture with a goal to improve energetic performances of new and existing buildings.