Dissertationen: „Budget and communication“

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何民權 und Man-kuen Alexander Ho. „Budget control: communication problems“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266046.

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Ho, Man-kuen Alexander. „Budget control : communication problems /“. [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787925.

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Mairot-Hemmendinger, Françoise. „Budget communicationnel media, communication et société : vers une nouvelle approche /“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376142212.

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HEMMENDINGER, MAI ROT FRANCOISE. „Budget communicationnel. Media, communication et societe, vers une nouvelle approche“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10010.

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Le concept de "budget communicationnel" (a. Moles) traduit les choix de communication effectues en fonction de l'offre (media disponibles) et de l'etat des ressources generales d'un individu. Cet ensemble determine un style et debouche sur une typologie specifique. Le budget communicationnel devient alors, un critere de differenciation sociale. Il ouvre une voie d'acces a l'etude du quotidien. Bien plus, il suggere une nouvelle approche sociologique ou les criteres economiques, rendus trop etroits par "l'explosion des communications", cedent la place aux criteres d'echange d'information
The concept of "communicationnal budget" (a. Moles) refers to the communications' choices that every body makes in function of media available and his own expedients. This determines with precision a style and social types. Thus the communicationnal budget is so usefull as a criterion to make a difference betwen social classes. It is a new way to study daily life. Even more, it supplies a new sociological approach: traditionnal criterions which are not adapted to the "explosion of communications" are replaced by those of information exchange

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Miroir-Lair, Isabelle. „L'évolution de la pratique du budget comme outil de communication financière“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736509.

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Cette thèse a pour objet, d'une part, de décrire les pratiques du budget quand l'outil est utilisé dans un rôle de communication financière, et d'autre part, d'observer si, dans ce cadre-là, il conserve ses fonctions de gestion interne de l'organisation. Au travers d'une enquête qualitative menée auprès de dix-huit groupes français, puis d'une enquête quantitative auprès de 53 sociétés du SBF 250, nous avons étudié les principales caractéristiques du budget dans un rôle de communication financière.Nous avons montré que les pratiques du processus budgétaire étaient modifiées par la nécessité de rendre compte de cette nouvelle fonction du budget, au regard notamment de l'implication des acteurs, du rapprochement de la comptabilité de gestion et des IFRS et de l'importance des re-prévisions.

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Miroir-Lair, Isabelle. „L’évolution de la pratique du budget comme outil de communication financière“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0810/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objet, d’une part, de décrire les pratiques du budget quand l’outil est utilisé dans un rôle de communication financière, et d’autre part, d’observer si, dans ce cadre-là, il conserve ses fonctions de gestion interne de l’organisation. Au travers d’une enquête qualitative menée auprès de dix-huit groupes français, puis d’une enquête quantitative auprès de 53 sociétés du SBF 250, nous avons étudié les principales caractéristiques du budget dans un rôle de communication financière.Nous avons montré que les pratiques du processus budgétaire étaient modifiées par la nécessité de rendre compte de cette nouvelle fonction du budget, au regard notamment de l’implication des acteurs, du rapprochement de la comptabilité de gestion et des IFRS et de l’importance des re-prévisions
The purpose of this thesis is, on one hand, to describe the budgeting practices when the budget is used in a role of financial disclosure, and on the other hand, to observe if, in this case, it maintains its functions of internal management of the organization.Through a qualitative survey of eighteen French groups, and then through a quantitative survey of 53 firms of the SBF 250, we studied the main characteristics of the budget in a role of financial disclosure.We showed that the practices of the budget process were modified by the need to report this new function, particularly with regard to the attention of the actors, the link between management accounting and the IFRS and the primacy of the forecasts

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Trimble, Tammy Elizabeth. „Determining Source-Based and Party-Based Perspectives in the Federal Budget Process: A Content Analysis of United States Executive, Congressional and Agential Budget Communication from 1998 - 2000“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29294.

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This dissertation explored the differences in federal budget communication associated with the development and passage of the Federal Budget Resolution for Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001. A computer-aided (i.e., DICTION) content analysis was completed to explore Executive, Legislature, and Agency budget communication for source-based and party-based differences. Source-based differences were explored using the variables Activity, Realism, Optimism, Commonality, Certainty, Public Interest, Budget Concepts, and Functional Budget Categories. When reviewing the findings as a whole â and taking into account the variables, data, and time period analyzed - a distinct and predominant source-based perspective was not present in the federal budget communication associated with the development of the Congressional Budget Resolution. However, it was possible to identify predominant sources for individual variables Activity, Optimism, Commonality, and Certainty. Party-based differences were explored within seven themes: the use of Lakoffâ s value language; discussions of campaign actors; coalition building rhetoric; moral virtue and entrepreneurialism rhetoric; language of order, efficiency and unity; public interest; and, accusatory language. Variables included Liberal Language, Conservative Language, Party References, Voter References, Leader References, Commonality, Familiarity, Realism, Human Interest, Rapport, Praise, Inspiration, Liberation, Tenacity, Communication, Denial, Public Interest, Blame, and Pessimism. The analysis of party-based differences revealed that Democrats were more likely to incorporate language associated with the following variables: Liberal Language, Conservative Language, Party References, Voter References, Leader References, Human Interest, Rapport, Liberation, Blame, and Pessimism. Republicans were more likely to incorporate language associated with Familiarity, Realism, Tenacity, Communication, and Denial. This research illustrates that within our political institutions generally, and the budget specifically, there are significant source-based and party-based differences in the goals and values communicated by the actors within the federal budget process. If it is possible to gain a better understanding of how actors within this key process communicate, public administrators will be better equipped to engage each other in an honest dialogue and debate that facilitates agreement and understanding. Until source-based and party-based communication barriers have been broken down, the negative tenor in political communication and the publicâ s apathy and frustration towards the political process will continue.
Ph. D.

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delBueno, Lois Ann. „ADVERTISING BUDGET REDUCTION IMPACTS ON EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS : Evaluation of Virginia State Parks 1994 Advertising Campaign“. VCU Scholars Compass, 1994. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4521.

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A descriptive analysis to determine the communication effects of a reduced advertising budget, this study evaluated the 1994 Virginia State Parks advertising campaign. The campaign's objective was to provide Virginians more information about the parks, which in the previous 1992 Virginia Outdoor Survey, was said to be needed. The author sought to answer questions relative to the overall effect of reducing the advertising budget, as well as the amount and nature of awareness resulting from it. In order to measure these relationships, the author collected data into two random seven-day periods to compare 1994 versus 1993 for awareness, cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of media for relating information about Virginia State Parks. Results showed that more advertising (larger budget) does not absolutely correspond to more awareness. Also the scope of this measurement is insufficient to determine whether eliminating an entire medium's advertising (effect of reduced budget) has any noticeable effect regarding awareness. Evident from data in the random seven day periods is the fact that cable television advertising produced substantially more awareness than newspaper advertising. For this situation (the nature of the product being advertised and budget), cable television is most cost effective, especially for the level of awareness it results in. To measure the impact of using different media, a future campaign would need to replace from newspapers advertising with radio. Also, further study is necessary to determine how the information imparted to Virginians via the advertising is used to discover whether it is actually effective.

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Collins, Meghan. „IMPLEMENTING USABILITY TESTING OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS AT ANY COMPANY AND ON ANY BUDGET“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3260.

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In my thesis I discuss the cost effectiveness of usability testing of technical documents and how any size company with any size budget can implement usability testing. Usability is achieved when the people who use products or technical documents can do so quickly and easily to accomplish their own tasks. Usability testing is best defined as the process of studying users to determine a documentation projectÂ s effectiveness for its intended audience. Users are tired of dealing with confusing and unintuitive technical documentation that forces them to either call customer service for help on simple issues or throw out the product in favor of one that is more usable or provides better technical documentation. That is why all technical communicators should include usability testing as part of the technical documentation production cycle. To help technical communicators understand the importance of usability testing, I discuss the cost effectiveness of usability testing and share ways that companies with large budgets and companies with small budgets can begin incorporating usability testing. Then I provide information on all the steps that are necessary for technical communicators to implement usability testing of technical documentation at their company. Options are presented for everything from bare minimum usability testing with a shoe-string budget with pencils, note pads, and only a handful of users to full scale usability testing in large laboratories with the latest equipment and a wide variety of users. The research provides examples from real companies, advice from experienced technical communicators and usability experts, and research demonstrating how many resources are truly required to benefit from usability testing. By showing technical communicators that usability testing is cost effective and that there are many options for implementing usability testing no matter how large or small their budget is, I hope to empower technical communicators to start including usability testing as part of the documentation production cycle at their companies.
M.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
English MA

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Börjesson, Frida, und Jens Nilsson. „Managing Attention Budgets in a Project-Based Organisation : A Project Communication Framework“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7183.

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Background: The knowledge-based theory proposes that knowledge and how it is managed is an important factor for determining the competitiveness of corporations. Project-based organisations are often put forward as a fast and flexible way of managing knowledge. The prioritizing between different tasks and projects in such organisations is to a large extent done by the individuals. In addition, electronic communication technology enables large amounts of information to travel far and fast. The bounded rationality of the human brain, the flood of information and the multitude of tasks pose a big challenge for project-based organisations. Communication is crucial for efficient project work and given this background it is interesting to examine how individuals in project-based organisations use different communication channels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore individual communication behaviour in a project-based organisation and from these understandings create a practical framework for discussing and actively managing project communication.

Research method: The gathering of empirical data was done through a case study of the Converting Standard Line Project – TBA at Tetra Pak Carton Ambient in Lund. The case study consisted of observations and 20 qualitative interviews conducted with the project members, the project manager and representatives from senior management.

Results: The choice of communication channel was governed by the relative relation between individual gain and individual attention cost and high social presence media such as face-to-face interaction were more preferred than suggested by existing theories. Moreover e-mail had characteristics that made it more than a communication channel and therefore more popular than suggested by existing theories. Finally the study proposes a project communication framework that can be used as a platform for active management of project communication and thereby enabling a more efficient use of the limited attention budget of each individual.

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Muratori, Erik. „Analysis of Space Communication Systems via Satellite Relaying“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22837/.

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È noto che l’uso di bande a RF con frequenze estremamente alte nei sistemi wireless per comunicazione digitale consente potenzialmente di raggiungere velocità di trasmissione dei dati molto elevate, rispetto a quelli ottenibili a frequenze più basse, a parità di tasso di errore. Ciò è vero in particolare per propagazione in spazio libero con antenne direttive. Tali bande di frequenza estremamente elevate sono tuttavia raramente impiegate nelle comunicazioni spaziali deep-space a causa della loro vulnerabilità ai disturbi atmosferici. Tuttavia, esse possono potenzialmente fornire diversi vantaggi nei collegamenti di telemetria deep-space nell'ambito di architetture “two-leg” con relay satellitare orbitante fuori dall'atmosfera terrestre. In tale configurazione, il collegamento da spazio remoto a relay, non influenzato dall’atmosfera terrestre, può utilizzare una banda di frequenze estremamente elevata (compatibilmente con vincoli di carattere tecnologico), mentre il collegamento da relay a ground station può utilizzare una banda più classica, ad esempio una delle bande raccomandate per comunicazioni near-Earth. Lo scopo della tesi è stato quello di confrontare le prestazioni di architetture “two-leg” con quelle ottenibili da un collegamento deep space diretto da spacecraft a ground, in banda X oppure in banda Ka. La valutazione è stata possibile attraverso la creazione di link budget accurati, che includono l'effetto dell'atmosfera e gli errori di puntamento, e analizzando le due diverse comunicazioni, mostrando in che condizioni è possibile avere un miglioramento delle prestazioni.

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Ventura, Lisa Marian Nance. „Using public relations to lessen the impact of budget cuts in a public elementary school“. Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/847.

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Public schools in California have suffered severe budget cuts, causing lay-offs among teachers and support staff, class size increases, and program cuts. This thesis includes an audit of a public elementary school to determine its use of public relations practices to establish family and community partnerships. Such partnerships often channel much needed resources into schools. In-person interviews were conducted with administrators, teachers, parents and community members. Participants were asked to answer both open-and closed-ended questions. School publications were also reviewed. 6 Results showed that the school has established partnerships within the community. These partnerships were established to provide services to children without access to dental or healthcare. However, these partnerships are limited, and they impact only a small number of students. Results also show a willingness on the part of parents and community members to volunteer at the School. However, the School has not communicated that there is such a need. Suggestions are made for ways the School might use public relations to enhance outreach efforts.

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Safari, Javad. „Att överleva som kompositör i filmindustrin : En undersökning av budgetens, tidens och kommunikationens betydelse för filmmusikkompositörer“. Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för komposition, dirigering och musikteori, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4002.

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With this essay I identify the challenges that a film music composer may face in his career in the film music industry. I present and discuss this subject in three parts: budget, time and communication, and suggest how to deal with these. The methods I will use are based on theory, interviews with three Swedish active film music composers and analyzes of previous film projects during my education at Royal College of Music in Stockholm (KMH) and Stockholm University of the Arts (SKH). The purpose of the thesis is to understand how to work successful and sustainably with film music composition in today's film industry. The thesis has been written during the spring term of 2021 at KMH/SKH. The movies from the analysed film projects can be found at the end of the text.

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Lotti, Alessandro. „Robotic exploration of lunar caves: concept analysis of the communication system for an ESA Moon mission“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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In 2009 a large hole was discovered at Marius Hills, a set of volcanic domes in Oceanus Procellarum, a wide mare at the western edge of the Moon nearside. The hole is believed to be the skylight to an intact lava tube. Recent studies demonstrated that such caverns could be ideal locations for hosting future human bases. The European Space Agency opened a campaign in 2019 through its Open Space Innovation Platform seeking innovative ideas for exploring lunar caves. The thesis work has been developed in collaboration with the small satellites company Alén Space S.L. that formed a consortium with the universities of Vigo and Oviedo to take part in the campaign. The main purpose was to analyse alternative solutions for the communication system architecture and to develop parametric tools for preliminary sizing. A contribution to the advancement of the concept in the framework of the telerobotic operations has also been developed. The latter has been employed as a baseline for the estimation of the data rate of the rovers that will explore the cave. The communication system has been divided in three segments. Budgets for Moon-Earth ground stations links have been developed together with a study regarding the feasibility of the communication exploiting data relay satellites. The second branch of the system regards a wired connection between the surface unit and an interface module entering the cave. A trade-off study on alternative technologies has been carried out. The last part concerns the communication between the rovers exploring the cave and the interface unit. The possibility to exploit IEEE 802.11 standards has been investigated. Differences between the standards and their consequences in terms of system performances and requirements have been analysed accounting also for the multipath characteristics of the cave environment. The outcome of the study reveals that the whole link is feasible exploiting a combination of existing and under development technologies.

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Andersson, Hanna, und Anna Andrésson. „Deltagande i budgetprocessen : En fallstudie om vilka faktorer som bidrar till motivation och minskar slack“. Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-11238.

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Att skapa en budget handlar om att ta fram en prognos för framtida ekonomiska resultat både vad det gäller likviditet, resultat- och balansräkningen. Den kan ha olika syften inom ett företag och kan användas för att motivera de underordnade cheferna genom att låta dem vara delaktiga i processen då det skapas mål som leder till en belöning. Deltagande i budgetprocessen definieras som en process där de underordnade cheferna är involverade och har befogenhet att påverka budgeteringen. Tidigare forskning visar både fördelar och nackdelar med att låta de underordnade cheferna delta. Positiva effekter är att de underordnade chefer får en motivation genom att delta i processen och de negativa effekterna är att de underordnade cheferna har möjlighet att förhandla in slack i budgeten för att lättare nå de uppsatta målen. Den tidigare forskningen beskriver också olika faktorer som kan påverka att de underordnade cheferna blir motiverade eller får en benägenhet att skapa och förhindra att slack uppkommer. Syftet med denna undersökning var att studera på vilket sätt deltagande i budgetprocessen påverkar de underordnade chefernas motivation och benägenhet till budgetslack. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan påverka att de underordnade cheferna blir motiverade i sitt arbete samt risken för att de förhandlar in slack. För att besvara forskningsfrågan användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där tolv intervjuer genomfördes på det specifika företaget. Det fallföretaget som studien är genomförd på arbetar aktivt med att låta de underordnade cheferna delta i budgetprocessen och ses där som en viktig faktor för att processen blir framgångsrik. Resultatet av studien visar att det är av vikt för företag att låta de underordnade cheferna delta i budgetprocessen då det är en av de största orsakerna som leder till motivation för dem. Det visar också att deltagandet leder till att företagsledningen får relevant information till budgeten då det är de underordnade cheferna som har den största kunskapen om sin avdelning. Genom studien går det att utläsa fyra faktorer som leder till att de underordnade cheferna får motivation och dessa är kommunikation, strategisk planering, gemenskap och samarbete samt personligheter. Där är kommunikation den viktigaste faktorn som både indirekt och direkt påverkar de andra faktorerna. Slack anses inte förekomma på detta företag och det går inte genom studien se att deltagande skulle leda till att det skapas slack. Studien visar två faktorer som leder till att slack inte uppkommer i detta företaget och det är informationsasymmetri samt gemenskap och samarbete.
Budget is about producing a forecast for future financial performance, both in terms of earnings, liquidity and balance sheet. It can have different purposes within a company and can be used to motivate the subordinate managers by allowing them to participate in the process when creating goals that lead to a reward. Participation in the budget process is defined as a process in which the subordinate managers are involved and have the authority to influence the budget. Previous research shows both the pros and cons of allowing the subordinate managers to attend. Positive effects are that subordinate managers get motivated by participating in the process and the negative effects are that the subordinate managers can negotiate slack in the budget to more easily reach the goals. The previous research also describes various factors that can influence the subordinate managers to be motivated or tend to create and prevent slack from occurring. The purpose of this survey was to study how participation in the budget process affects the subordinate managers' motivation and likelihood of budget slack. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate which factors may affect the subordinate managers being motivated in their work and the risk of negotiating slack. To answer the research question, a qualitative research method was used by doing twelve interviews at the specific company. The case company in which the study is conducted works actively to allow the subordinate managers to participate in the budget process which is an important factor in the success of the process. The result of the study shows that it is important for companies to let the subordinate managers participate in the budget process as it is one of the biggest reasons that motivates them. It also shows that the participation leads to the highest management getting relevant information to the budget as it is the subordinate managers who have the greatest knowledge of their department. Through the study, four factors can be identified that lead to the motivation of the subordinate managers, such as communication, strategic planning, community and cooperation, as well as personalities. The communication is the most important factor that both indirectly and directly affects the other factors. Slack is not considered to exist in this company and through the study it is not possible to see that participation would lead to the creation of slack. The study shows that it is possible to read two factors that prevent slack not to occur in this company, and it is information asymmetries as well as community and cooperation.

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Rijal, Samundra. „Case Study: Conceptual Ground Station Design for N66 Connect AB“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65962.

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As the communication deficit in the Arctic region is enormous especially above 75 [Deg] N latitude, the concern and opportunity of providing reliable & efficient connectivity in the Arctic region has beenduly noted & understood by N66 Connect AB (N66). This case study documents a comprehensive research which implements system engineering approach for establishment of a Ground Station (GS) at Svalbard, Norway with sole focus of connecting the inaccessible geographical region lying in the Arctic with rest of the world. Several GS system & subsystem are studied and comparative analysis is made on how the communication can be established with the N66 Connect AB (N66)’s potential clients and its satellites that are to be deployed in September, 2018.The case study resulted in analysis of several risks involved during development & operation of the GS,the hardware, software & operational architecture, the features of GS’s system capable of meeting N66’s objectives and the market potential of the service after GS operations.

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Merritt, Ervin A. „Link budget design software for satellite communications“. Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020138/.

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Pereira, José Manuel Brandão. „A gestão de projectos“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15100.

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A dissertação é uma análise da doutrina publicada sobre gestão de projectos e destina-se a assistir qualquer empresa/organismo na definição da sua própria doutrina neste domínio. A caracterização de "gestão de projectos", mostra a diferença entre este tipo de gestão e a gestão convencional. Embora a organização dum projecto e o procedimento a utilizar dependam de diversos factores, essencialmente do tipo de projecto e da situação orgânica em que ele se desenvolve, é vantajoso que cada organismo defina a sua própria doutrina comum a todas as situações de gestão de projectos. Nesta ordem de ideias, o documento trata de: classificação dos projectos em termos relacionais; principais preocupações na gestão de projectos; ferramentas usuais para o planeamento e controlo de projectos; aspectos relevantes sobre a gestão dos recursos; utilização de ferramentas informáticas na gestão de projectos; tipos de termo do projecto; constituição do grupo do projecto; outros intervenientes no desenvolvimento do projecto; diversas e sucessivas "descrições do projecto"; faseamento do projecto; outros aspectos a considerar na gestão de projectos: comunicação, reuniões, coordenação e direcção. Como anexos, é incluída a caracterização do programa Microsoft Project e um exemplo-modelo de "Manual de Gestão de Projectos". /*** Abstract - The document analyses several theories published about "Project Management" and pretends to assist any company or any other organization to develop their own policies on this area. The characterization of "Project Management" shows the difference between this type of management and the conventional management. Although the organization of a project and the process to be used depend upon several factors, specially on the type of project and on the organic status envolved, it is convenient that each company make their own policies covering all situations of project management. Based on the previous concept, the document deals with following points: related projects, main preoccupations on project management; usual tools for the project planning and control; relevant aspects concerning resources management; use of EDP tools on project management; types of project termination; constitution of the project group; other persons envolved on the project's development; several) and consecutive "project descriptions"; phases of the project; other important aspects to be considered on the project management: communication, meetings, coordination and leading. As annexes, are included the characterization of the Microsoft Project programme and an example-model of "Project Management Manual".

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Smetana, Matej. „Návrh projektu založení nového oddělení“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224685.

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This diploma thesis describes a proposal for establishment of a new department in the company ABC Ltd. The proposal was created in the Microsoft Project 2010. In the creation of this proposal were used the methods and process of project management. Intended division will be selling ICT equipment and as a major distribution channel will be using a web shop situated on the current websites. A part of the project will be the creation of new warehouse. The investor will be using this proposal as a guideline for the project realization.

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Johansson, Frida, und Isabell Olsson. „Styrning mot miljömässig hållbarhet : En kvalitativ studie om hur företag planerar och följer upp sina miljömässiga hållbarhetsstrategier, mål och prestationsmått samt hur dessa kommuniceras inom företaget“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105328.

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Bakgrund och problem: I och med en ökad oro för miljöfrågor tvingas företag anpassa sig genom att försöka sänka sin negativa miljöpåverkan. Detta kan åstadkommas med hjälp av att företag tar fram och implementerar lämpliga hållbarhetsstrategier. Hållbarhetsarbetet har blivit ett allt viktigare strategiskt verktyg som kan resultera i en konkurrensfördel. Tidigare forskning belyser varför företag arbetar med hållbarhet, däremot finns det få genomförda studier som praktiskt undersöker hur företag tillämpar styrning av det miljömässiga hållbarhetsarbetet. Syfte: Studiens övergripande syfte är att bidra med en ökad förståelse för hur styrning av miljömässigt hållbarhetsarbete utformas och implementeras i praktiken. Detta görs med hjälp av att undersöka hur företag arbetar med miljömässiga hållbarhetsstrategier, mål och prestationsmått genom att fokusera på planering och uppföljning. Vidare ämnar studien analysera hur strategierna, målen och måtten kommuniceras inom företag för att undersöka hur väl dessa genomsyrar samtliga delar i verksamheten. Metod: Studien har tagit ansats i en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och applicerat en mini-flerfallstudie bestående av sex olika företag där den empiriska datainsamlingen utgjorts av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv med induktiva inslag. Vidare har intervjuerna genomförts i syfte att skapa en förståelse om hur företag styr sitt miljömässiga hållbarhetsarbete. Slutsats: Det kan konstateras att det inte finns någon tydlig lösning på hur företag ska arbeta med hållbarhetsfrågor. Vidare ses hållbarheten som en långsiktig process vilken blir alltmer integrerad i företagens mer traditionella ekonomistyrsystem snarare än att ses som ett enskilt styrsystem. Ledningens engagemang avgör huruvida de anställda inspireras samt involveras i hållbarhetsarbetet. Den högsta ledningens engagemang avspeglar således hur hållbarhetsarbetet implementeras och spelar därmed en betydande roll i styrningen mot miljömässig hållbarhet.
Background and problem: With an increased concern for environmental issues, companies are forced to adapt by trying to reduce their negative environmental impact. This can be achieved by developing and implementing appropriate sustainability strategies. Sustainability work has become an increasingly important strategic tool that can result in a competitive advantage. Previous research has examined why companies work with sustainability. However, there are few completed studies that practically consider how companies manage their environmental sustainability work. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to contribute with an understanding of how the management of environmental sustainability work is designed and implemented in practice. This is done by examining how companies work with environmental sustainability strategies, objectives and performance measures by focusing on planning and control. The study intends to analyze how the strategies, objectives and measures are communicated within all parts of the organization. Method: The qualitative study has been made by a smaller multiple case study represented by six different companies using semi-structured interviews. The research approach is deductive with inductive elements. Furthermore, the interviews were conducted in order to create an understanding of how companies manage their environmental sustainability work. Conclusion: It can be stated that there is no clear solution on how companies should work with sustainability issues. Furthermore, sustainability is seen as a long-term process which is becoming more integrated into companies' traditional financial management systems rather than being seen as an individual management system. The management's commitment determines whether the employees are inspired and involved in the sustainability work. The top management's commitment reflects how the sustainability work is implemented and plays a significant role in the management towards environmental sustainability.

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Mysore, Sudhesh M. „Advances in optical power budgets and bandwidth capacity of broadband networks /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953885.

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El, Hatmi Fatiha. „Conception d'antennes de communication à travers le corps humain pour le suivi thérapeutique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962121.

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Avec le développement rapide des technologies sans fil modernes et la miniaturisation des antennes et des systèmes électriques, l'emploi des antennes à l'intérieur du corps humain pour le suivi thérapeutique est devenu possible. Des batteries permettent d'alimenter ces antennes ; la réduction de la consommation de puissance implique l'augmentation de la durée de vie de circuits ingérables. Le corps humain, qui a une conductivité non nulle, n'est pas un milieu idéal pour la transmission des ondes RF à cause de l'atténuation liée aux propriétés diélectriques des tissus biologiques. Cependant, les tissus humains ne perturbent pas le champ magnétique car celui-ci dépend de la perméabilité du milieu qui est égale à un dans le corps humain. Bien que la puissance du champ magnétique décroisse avec l'exposant six de la distance, la technique utilisant les communications par induction magnétique en champ proche a été adoptée dans cette étude pour concevoir une liaison sans fil à faible portée à travers le corps humain. Durant ces travaux de thèse, après une caractérisation détaillée de la bobine d'émission située à l'intérieur du corps humain et de la bobine de réception localisée à sa surface, nous avons mis en place un bilan de liaison pour contribuer à l'amélioration du transfert de puissance dans ce milieu dissipatif. Un modèle analytique, déterminant les facteurs qui peuvent affecter le bilan de liaison par induction magnétique, a été vérifié à travers les simulations et les mesures. La variation de la position et de l'orientation de l'antenne ingérable ont été prises en compte pour évaluer la réponse de couplage entre la bobine émettrice et la bobine réceptrice. Les résultats obtenus constituent un pas en avant vers de futures recherches sur la conception de antennes dans les milieux dissipatifs et en particulier le corps humain

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Karnel, Mjörnheim Linnea. „Ett designkoncept för att hjälpa studenter få en bättre översikt över sin privatekonomi“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168064.

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Allt fler studenter anser sig missnöjda med sin ekonomiska situation. Att inte ha kontroll över sin ekonomi kan skapa stress som i sin tur går ut över studierna. Detta arbete är därför ämnat för att undersöka hur ett designförslag för en budgetapplikation, skräddarsydd för studenter, kan se ut. För att hjälpa till att besvara syftet ställdes även fyra forskningsfrågor. Designprocessen bestod av fyra faser - Förstudie, Konceptfas, Bearbetningsfas och Detaljeringsfas. Informationen som kunde erhållas från dessa faser resulterade slutligen i en HiFi-prototyp. Under hela arbetes gång berättade studenter om funktioner och grafiska element som de fann viktiga i en budgetapplikation. De funktioner som de ansåg vara viktiga var bland annat att kunna skapa egna kategorier, kombinera och dela betalningar samt att kunna skapa budgetar. Vad gäller grafiska element så var färg, diagram och ikoner viktiga. I slutet av arbetet, vid användartestet av HiFi-prototypen berättade studenterna att diagrammen i applikationen hjälpte dem att tolka informationen som presenterades. Alltså fick studenterna en bättre överblick med hjälp av visualiserad data. Vid samma användartest konstaterades det även att studenterna fick en positiv upplevelse av applikationen samt att de skulle vilja använda den regelbundet. Därför kan den slutgiltiga HiFi-prototypen ses som ett giltigt svar till hur ett designförslag för en budgetapplikation, skräddarsydd för studenter, kan se ut.

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Baptista, Gisela Filipa Paulos. „O papel do orçamento na gestão dos municípios portugueses“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10654.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do orçamento na gestão dos municípios Portugueses, e identificar se fatores culturais/políticos ou demográficos, explicam as diferenças encontradas na utilização destes papéis. Os papéis analisados englobam o planeamento, coordenação, comunicação, motivação, avaliação de desempenho e controlo. Enquanto os fatores em análise serão o partido/ideologia política, dimensão dos municípios, competitividade política, formação e experiência profissional dos inquiridos. O estudo incide sobre um questionário aplicado a todos os municípios portugueses (308), tendo a análise empírica sido desenvolvida a partir da amostra obtida de 156 inquiridos. Os resultados indicam que estes consideram como papéis de maior relevância o planeamento, coordenação, comunicação e controlo, e apenas a experiência profissional é identificada como variável com impacto na adoção do orçamento para planeamento. Quanto às restantes variáveis em estudo não foi detetada qualquer relação com a adoção dos papéis do orçamento. Observa-se ainda que os partidos de esquerda desvalorizam a aplicação do orçamento para quase todos os papéis, ao contrário dos da direita, e que a visão acerca do orçamento se difere dentro do mesmo município, de acordo com a função desempenhada pelos inquiridos.
This study aims to analyze what role the budget assume in management of the Portuguese municipalities, and identify if cultural/political or demographic factors explain the differences in the use of these roles. The analyzed roles cover the planning, coordination, communication, motivation, performance evaluation and control. While the factors will be the political party/ideology, size of municipalities, political competitiveness, education and professional experience of the respondents. The study focuses on a questionnaire applied to all of Portuguese municipalities (308), having the empirical analysis was developed from the sample obtained of the 156 respondents. The results indicate that these regard as most relevant papers the planning, coordination, communication and control, and only professional experience is identified as a variable with impact in adoption of budget for planning. In the remaining study variables was not detected none relation to the adoption of the budget roles. This study also allows us to observe that the left parties devalue the implementation of the budget for almost every role, as opposed to the right, and the vision regarding the budget differs within the same municipality, according of the developed function of the respondents.

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Dohnálek, Petr. „Marketingové aktivity a jejich vliv na firemní rozpočet stavebního podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371800.

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The purpose of the diploma thesis called „Marketing activities an their influence on the budget of construction company“ is to observe and describe individual marketing activities and their significance for the overall budget, followed by an evaluation of the current state and a designing an optimization for it.

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Ferreira, António Joaquim Salgado dos Santos Costa. „Uma solução de Business Intelligence como con-tributo para a melhoria do processo de tomadade decisão na gestão financeira“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5876.

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Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção de grau de Mestre em MPA – Master in Public Administration
A necessidade das organizações tratarem os dados, a informação e o conhecimento, de forma cada vez mais eficiente para darem suporte à tomada de decisão, tem sido determinante para a evolução das soluções de Business Inteligence (BI) e das tecnologias que as suportam. Sendo os recursos financeiros escassos, o Ministério da Educação e Ciência (MEC), através do Serviço Coordenador do Orçamento do MEC, a Direção Geral de Planeamento e Gestão Financeira (DGPGF), está obrigado a efetuar um rigoroso planeamento, monitorização e avaliação do seu Orçamento, para que a aplicação dos recursos públicos destinados ao Sistema Educativo contribua para a melhoria da sua qualidade e da sua sustentabilidade. Para o desenvolvimento deste Trabalho de Projeto, utilizamos um estudo de caso, em que este é a implementação de uma solução de BI no referido Serviço Coordenador, com o objetivo de dar suporte à tomada de decisão e apoiar a formulação da estratégia para o Sistema Educativo. Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos aferir da sua utilidade para a organização, se contribui para uma tomada de decisão sustentada e quais os cuidados a ter na implementação de um projeto desta natureza.
The need for organizations to deal with the data, information and knowledge, in an ever more efficient way to give support to decision making, has been crucial in the development of solutions for Business Intelligence (BI) and the technologies that support them. Being the financial resources limited, the Ministry of Education and Science, through the Coordinator Budget Department of MES, (General Directorate of Planning and Financial Management), is obliged to make a rigorous planning, monitoring and evaluation of his own budget, in order to the application of public funds for the Education System contribute toward the improvement of its quality and sustainability. To develop this work Project, we use a case study, in which there’s the implementation of a BI solution in the said coordinator department, (General Directorate of Planning and Financial Management), with the aim of supporting decision making and support the formulation of the strategy for Education System. The results allow us to assess its usefulness for the organization, if contributes to a sustainable decision making and which precautions to take in implementing a project of this nature.

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Josková, Michaela. „Návrh komunikační strategie podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264838.

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The goal of the thesis is an evaluation of a present communication with customers concrete company and proposal of the new communication campaign for the next years. The thesis is separated on a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part concerns importance of a marketing communication, analysis methods of internal and external background, description of particular tools of a communication mix and it solves budget determination for communication campaign. In the practical part is described the selected company, its current situation analysis of communication mix, customer satisfaction research which is focused on current services and new communication campaign proposal.

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Larkina, Svetlana. „Marketingový plán a jeho tvorba ve společnosti CTY Průmyslová, s.r.o“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124822.

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The subject of the Master's Thesis is retrieval information needed to making a marketing plan in the company CTY Průmyslová, s.r.o. For this purpose the current situation at office real estate market in Prague was analyzed, used marketing tools were ascertained and was suggested the communication strategy for layout Průmyslová Tower to get new customers. Chapters in first part define a theoretical approach for creating a marketing plan. The second part focuses on a particular company because of preparation of the new building project and its subsequent introduction at the market.

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Budde, Robert [Verfasser]. „Advanced Receiver Structures for Vehicular Communications / Robert Budde“. Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080763562/34.

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Davis, Julius W. „Congressional budget oversight of the Military Strategic and Tactical Relay (MILSTAR) Satellite Communications System, fiscal years 1982-1995“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA298877.

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Karlsson, Niclas. „Slaget om budgeten : Kommunikation inom den moderna politiken“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127622.

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Title: The battle of the budget – Communication in a modern policy (Slaget om budgeten –Kommunikation inom den moderna politiken)Numbers of pages: 39Author: Niclas KarlssonTutor: Peder Hård af SegerstadCourse: Media and Communication studies CPeriod: Autumn 2009University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science,Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: The purpose of the paper is to see how Minister of Finance Anders Borg andthe Social Democratic economic spokesman Thomas Östros communicate their messages tothe public.Material/Method: The material is the minutes of the budget debate in the SwedishParliament. The method is rhetorical analysis and content analysis.Main result: Trust making is very important for both of them, especially when the financecrisis reached Sweden. The most common rhetorical quality is ethos.Keywords: Strategic political communication, rhetorical analysis, political trust.

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Smith, Rebecca Jane. „Facilities Management: How Public Leadership is Responding to Crisis“. Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7089.

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This research presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation to understand the challenges of public sector facilities management and maintenance to include the negative impact of deferred maintenance, it’s history, the current industry practices and the potential to reverse the negative impact of the current trend. History has been known to speak loudly, and with accuracy relative to the expansion of public facilities and the challenge to maintain them. The challenge to keep pace with the growing population and the ever-changing requirements for contemporary designs are felt in every sector of our public facilities. Regardless, we, the public trust that those responsible are managing these assets effectively and efficiently. Research indicates that this doesn’t appear to be the case. This study serves as a measurement against the historical performance of public facilities management practice. There have been decades of growth in public assets. During that time, innovation within operational practice and technology offer new opportunities for organizations to address issues of efficiency that translate directly in a measure of effectiveness. Given the continued outcry for additional funding, it seems that there are challenges that continue to exist despite the innovation offered. This study focuses on those challenges. Further analysis, based on successful models of public facilities management, provides insights as to what practices, if adopted, may drive the lesser achieving programs toward greater effectiveness. This paper also includes the results of a study that focuses on the current practices of public facilities management programs. The intent is to identify elements that either support or detract from efficiently operated, effective facilities departments. Given the nature of this industry, both objective and subjective elements were addressed. Objectively the organizational hierarchy and the associated communications pathways were identified. Subjectively, the lifecycle of the facilities mission was dissected and discussed throughout an interview process. Fifteen specified data points were addressed, which included questions related to accountability, effective communication, data driven program development, allocation of resources, documentation of work performed, continuous training and education and the use of technology. In order to reverse the declining momentum, we must first identify the most common areas that challenge facilities managers and understand how they currently address those challenges. This research will address the following questions: What do facilities managers perceive to be the greatest obstacles to ensuring their facilities are properly maintained? What factors do facilities mangers perceive to be the greatest challenge to ensuring sufficient resources are allocated to current maintenance? To what degree do facilities managers perceive that more effective communications would positively impact the effectiveness of facilities management and maintenance. The results of this research presents a comprehensive understanding of the challenges that face public sector facilities leadership teams, the history and creation of excessive deferred maintenance and finally, future opportunities that identifies best practices and presents an artifact that reflects a means to resolve those deficiencies identified within the current facilities management environment.

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Faedi, Alberto. „Design and Analysis of Optical Links for Space Communications“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22859/.

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Studio e presentazione di link ottici in ambiente deep-space. Implementazione di simulatori in C++ relativi a due diverse tecniche di modulazione e demodulazione. Studio del link budget tra un satellite relay in orbita attorno alla Terra e un satellite in orbita attorno a pianeti solari (Venere, Marte, Urano e Nettuno). Studio e ricerca sul problema del puntamento in ambito ottico, per collegamenti deep-space.

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Senninger, Julia Thérèse. „Nudge to budge - social marketing in restaurants : A pilot study in Sweden“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260098.

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The aim of this research was to conduct a pilot study to identify if increased written communication at restaurants would affect customer and staff awareness of the restaurant’s sustainability efforts. By using before-after questionnaires among employees and customers possible changes among the two stakeholder groups be recorded. As the restaurants had recently joined the new network Sustainable Restaurants in Sweden, the effect of this collaboration on their CSR efforts and communication was evaluated through semi-structured interviews with the restaurant representatives. Social marketing was the underlying theory for this study, with focus on opportunity and ability. The restaurants communication efforts were identified as nudges. The study showed that collaborating in order to start communicating can prove to be an effective support mechanism. Increased communication proved to have somewhat an effect on customer awareness and staff awareness. Increased awareness amongst all actors of the food chain is a necessary step for a sustainable future.

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Rumánek, Jaroslav. „NOVÉ METODY KANÁLOVÉHO KÓDOVÁNÍ PRO DRUŽICOVOU KOMUNIKACI“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233509.

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This dissertation thesis deals with new progressive channel coding methods for data transmission using satellite transponder. The design of the system for SMS transmission, in which novel turbo coding methods are applied, is discussed too. An achievement of the lowest output power and the smallest user aperture is the principal aim of the new method applications. Design of system that would be able to the error free SMS transmission by very low signal to noise ratio is analyzed in this dissertation thesis. The work is focused on energy budget, modification and implementation of new turbo code types and using unique properties, development of new bit error rate estimation methods and methods for determination of final SMS form. The main contribution is the new type of turbo code development that have optimal properties for this usage, development of new bit error rate estimation method and development of method that is able to determine final form of SMS on the basis SMS frame structure and turbo decoding theory when the bit error rate is not zero.

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Straka, Tomáš. „Nástroj pro podporu kontroly a podávání zpráv o stavu projektu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236496.

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This term project deals with knowledge areas of project management, specifically areas of time, cost and communication. This is a theoretical basis for the next implementation of tool for monitoring and reporting on project progress.

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Sy, Aboubakry. „La transparence dans le droit budgétaire de l'Etat en France“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D027.

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Le droit public financier est congénitalement lié à la question de la transparence budgétaire. Notre entrée dans la modernité politique s’est en effet accompagnée d’une réelle volonté de garantir la clarté de la gestion des deniers publics. Pourtant, aujourd’hui encore, la réalisation de cette transparence n’est pas totalement aboutie. Ainsi, sa conceptualisation, qui est un préalable indispensable à sa mise en œuvre effective, est loin d’être évidente. Alors que l’on pouvait légitimement s’attendre à ce que la force actuelle de l’exigence de transparence lui assure un ancrage assez aisé, les obstacles sont encore nombreux. D’ailleurs, ils ne méritent pas tous d’être critiqués. Il existe des motifs légitimes pour une part, sinon d’opacité, du moins de discrétion pour certaines activités sensibles de l’État. En revanche, tous les autres cas d’opacité budgétaire sont illégitimes. Malgré tout, la transparence a réussi à s’affirmer à la fois comme une finalité de notre ordonnancement budgétaire – à laquelle concourent les prérogatives financières du Parlement et les principes budgétaires classiques – mais aussi comme un moyen d’action indispensable à la bonne gestion des finances publiques et à la crédibilité financière de l’État. Quant à sa concrétisation, la notion de transparence budgétaire n’est pas clairement reconnue par notre droit positif qui devrait pourtant, à notre avis, en faire un objectif de valeur constitutionnelle. Pour ce qui est de sa mise en œuvre pratique, elle reste encore perfectible, même si des progrès significatifs ont été enregistrés depuis l’entrée en vigueur de la loi organique relative aux lois de finances du 1er août 2001
Public finance law is naturally linked to the issue of budget transparency. Our transition into the modern political society is indeed accompanied by a genuine desire to ensure clarity in the management of public funds. Yet, even today, the fulfilment of this transparency is not completely successful. Thus, its conceptualization, which is an essential prerequisite for its effective implementation is far from being obvious. While one could legitimately expect that the current force of the transparency requirement guarantees a relatively easy anchorage, obstacles are still numerous. Besides that, they do not all deserve to be criticized. There are legitimate grounds to some extent, if not a lack of transparency, at least a level of discretion for certain sensitive activities of the State. In contrast, all other cases of no budget transparency are illegitimate. Despite this, transparency has managed to assert itself both as an end to our budget scheduling – to which the financial prerogatives of the Parliament and the traditional budget principles take part – but also as an essential means of action to better manage the public finances and the financial credibility of the state. As for its implementation, the notion of budgetary transparency is not clearly recognized in the French positive law which should, in our opinion, make it an objective of constitutional value. With regard to its practical implementation, it is still perfectible, even though significant progress has been made since the organic law on finance laws of August 1st, 2001 came into force

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Hily, Sandrine. „Les commissions de quartier à l’heure de l’engagement écocitoyen, à Dijon : entre communication stratégique publique locale et construction d’un espace public restreint morcelé“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH022/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication explore la question de l’engagement écocitoyen dans les commissions de quartier de Dijon. De nombreuses publications universitaires ou plus vulgarisées de différents champs de recherche (Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication, psychologie sociale et environnementale, science politique, droit, philosophie, écologie, etc.) ont investi cette question ces dernières années. Les acteurs de la question une fois définis (habitants, élus, techniciens, représentants des structures et des associations, etc.), il a été possible d’étudier différents dispositifs de la démocratie participative à Dijon. La problématique générale suivante a été choisie : « En quoi les commissions de quartier à Dijon sont-elles en tension entre dispositifs info-communicationnels de la communication publique locale et espace public restreint morcelé ? Par quel processus l’écocitoyenneté émerge-t-elle ou pas de cette tension ? » La méthodologie utilisée fut inductiviste avec de la participation observante, de la recherche-action en tant que « chercheur-embedded » puisque à la fois chercheur et conseillère municipale de Dijon, déléguée à la démocratie locale (2014-2020)
This doctoral thesis in Information and Communication Science explores the question of eco-citizen commitment in the neighborhood commissions of Dijon. Many academic or more popular publications in different fields of research (Information and Communication Science, social and environmental psychology, political science, law, philosophy, ecology, etc.) have addressed this issue in recent years. Once the actors of the question had been defined (the inhabitants, elected officials, technicians, representatives of structures and associations, etc.), it was possible to study different instances of participatory democracy in Dijon. The following question ensued : "How are the neighborhood commissions of Dijon stretched between the information-communication implementations of local public communication and fragmented, limited public space?" How does eco-citizenship emerge or not from this split? The methodology used by the author was inductivist with observant participation, research-action as field researcher since she is both a researcher and a municipal councilor of Dijon, the Delegate to local democracy (2014-2020)

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Kposowa, Kaitor. „The Financial Success of Franchise Film Sequels: An Exploration of the Relationship of Budget, Personnel Factors, and Reviews with Sequel Return on Investment“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429187596.

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Tremblay, Marie-Michèle. „La consommation marchande des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les ménages québécois“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30467/30467.pdf.

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Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) ont massivement introduit les modes de vie et envahi le quotidien. Leur utilisation et leur présence dans notre société constituent désormais un fait incontesté. Cette recherche présente un travail d’analyse statistique réalisé à partir des microdonnées des enquêtes des dépenses des ménages de Statistique Canada. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une typologie qui permet de cerner l’univers des TIC qui nous intéresse. Nous présentons ensuite un portrait de la consommation des technologies de l’information et de la communication au sein de la structure des dépenses des ménages au Québec et une analyse en fonction de certaines caractéristiques socio-économiques. Un portrait des dépenses selon différents types de TIC est également exposé dans le but de faire ressortir les tendances de consommation entre la dépense de biens et de services.

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Kalscheuer, Jon M. „A selective automatic repeat request protocol for undersea acoustic links“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FKalscheuer.pdf.

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Lakkisová, Romana. „Marketingový plan pro pivovar Starobrno“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224663.

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This diploma thesis is the proposal of a marketing plan for the product of Starobrno Brewery, which falls under the brewery group Heineken Czech Republic, a.s. The marketing plan is compiled based on best practices from the theoretical background of the thesis elaborated in the first part. The necessary step for the design of an adequate plan is to implement required analyzes of macro and micro environment, marketing communications. Based on the information obtained from the analytical part of the thesis, is compiled marketing plan for special beer Starobrno Medák for the year 2014/2015.

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Malaník, Jan. „Stavebně technologický projekt bytového domu v Brně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227544.

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The thesis contains analysis earthworks, foundations, carcass substructure of residential house on the street Kopečná 9 in Brno. The work also includes gradual changes in site equipment, detailed schedule of work for selected works, rough schedule of the whole building, construction budget, site equipment budget and details of construction. Specialization in the work addresses the specific use of roads and traffic signs.

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Couture, Jérôme. „Essaient-ils d'acheter l'élection et si oui, y parviennent-ils? : le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation et son lien avec la réélection des maires sortants lors des élections municipales québécoises de 2009“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26422.

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L’idée centrale de cette thèse est de mettre en relation le comportement de l’élu avec celui de l’électeur dans une perspective d’échange. Il y a échange lorsqu’un acteur utilise la richesse qu’il contrôle afin d’orienter la conduite d’un autre acteur dans le sens de ses intérêts. Tout cela, bien sûr, dans le but de lui faire faire quelque chose qu’il n’aurait pas fait autrement. L’objectif de la thèse se résume comme suit. D’abord, je cherche à savoir si les élus municipaux du Québec ont utilisé les dépenses et la taxation afin d’inciter les électeurs à voter pour eux. Ensuite, je cherche à savoir si les électeurs ont effectivement favorisé l’élection du maire sortant qui a mis en œuvre un cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation. Un cycle électoral est présent si dans les deux années précédant une élection générale, en comparaison avec les deux premières années d’un mandat électif, les dépenses sont plus importantes ou le taux de taxation est plus faible. L’année au cours de laquelle se déroule une élection se nomme l’année électorale. L’année qui précède celle où aura lieu le scrutin se nomme l’année préélectorale. J’ai testé la présence d’un tel cycle dans les municipalités québécoises lors du mandat 2006-2009. J’ai ensuite testé son effet sur la réélection des maires sortants lors de l’élection de 2009. Fait intéressant, les résultats empiriques démontrent la présence d’un cycle électoral et aussi, un effet de ce cycle sur la réélection des maires sortants. Dans l’objectif de mieux comprendre ces résultats, je présente un cadre théorique original inspiré par le modèle du citoyen-candidat qui permet de prédire sous quelles conditions le cycle électoral aura un effet sur la réélection du candidat sortant. Ce cadre théorique met en relation la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian avec les anticipations du politicien sortant à propos de cette même capacité de sanction. En premier lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral ne peut pas expliquer la réélection d’un candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est aveuglé. Dans ce cas de figure, l’électeur médian n’est pas en mesure de distinguer les bénéfices qu’il tire de la présence d’un cycle électoral. Plus précisément, il ne fait pas le lien entre l’évolution de son bien-être et l’action du gouvernement. En second lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral favorise toujours la réélection du candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est myope. Dans ces conditions, l’électeur médian est en mesure de percevoir les bénéfices qu’il retire d’un cycle électoral. Toutefois, il ne perçoit pas l’ensemble des coûts reliés aux comportements de l’élu sortant. L’illusion fiscale dont souffre l’électeur médian va l’amener à voter pour le sortant qui lui offre des bénéfices immédiats même si cela se fait au détriment de son bien-être futur. En troisième lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral favorise également la réélection du candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est rationnel et que le politicien sortant met en œuvre un cycle électoral sans affecter négativement l’équilibre financier anticipé ou futur du gouvernement. Selon ce schéma, l’électeur médian rationnel est en mesure de percevoir à la fois les bénéfices et l’ensemble des coûts liés aux comportements de l’élu. Des bénéfices qui sont supérieurs aux coûts inciteront l’électeur médian à voter pour le sortant qui a mis en œuvre un cycle électoral. En quatrième lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral n’a pas d’effet sur la réélection pour un électeur médian rationnel lorsque le sortant affecte négativement l’équilibre financier du gouvernement. Dans ce cas de figure, les coûts annulent les bénéfices que peut tirer l’électeur d’un cycle électoral. Je propose un « indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer » afin de mesurer la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian dans les différentes municipalités du Québec. Je présente également une mesure du bilan financier des municipalités afin de déterminer les anticipations du sortant à propos de la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian. Du point de vue empirique, je teste douze hypothèses qui seront pour la plupart au moins partiellement confirmées. Les quatre premières hypothèses concernent directement la présence d’un cycle électoral. Il sera démontré que les élus mettent bel et bien en œuvre un cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation, et ce, peu importe la taille de la municipalité. Plus précisément, mes résultats démontrent que 1) les dépenses ont augmenté fortement en année électorale et au contraire, ont diminué légèrement en année préélectorale, et ce, toujours en comparaison avec les deux premières années d’un mandat électif. 2) Le taux de taxation n’a pas significativement changé en année électorale, mais a diminué plus rapidement en année préélectorale. 3) Le cycle est plus important dans les villes de plus de 20 000 habitants. 4) Il existe une différence dans la direction et l’intensité du cycle électoral selon que le maire sortant a été élu, défait, élu sans opposition ou encore s’il n’a pas sollicité un autre mandat. À l’instar du comportement général découvert, le taux de taxation a diminué en année électorale seulement pour les maires sortants qui ont remporté une élection contestée en 2009. Les deux hypothèses subséquentes sont à propos de l’élection sans opposition du maire sortant. 5) Le cycle électoral des dépenses explique en partie la réélection sans opposition des maires sortants. Plus précisément, une augmentation de dépenses en année préélectorale favorise l’élection sans opposition des maires sortants. Ce résultat est montré statistiquement significatif à la fois par rapport au fait d’être contesté électoralement qu’à celui de se retirer de la course électorale. Ainsi, une augmentation des dépenses en année préélectorale diminue la probabilité que le sortant ait un opposant et celle de ne pas se représenter comme candidat. Ce comportement qui favorise la réélection sans opposition est différent du comportement moyen observé dans les municipalités québécoises. De plus, un changement dans les dépenses en année électorale n’a pas d’effet sur la réélection sans opposition. 6) Il en est de même pour un changement dans le taux de taxation en année électorale et préélectorale. Ces deux variations dans le taux de taxation ne sont pas statistiquement liées à l’élection sans opposition du maire sortant. Les deux hypothèses suivantes concernent l’élection d’un maire sortant lors d’un scrutin contesté. Dans ce contexte, le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation a un effet sur le pourcentage de vote obtenu par le maire sortant. Il a également un effet sur sa probabilité de réélection. 7) Plus précisément, une diminution du taux de taxation en année électorale favorise la réélection du maire sortant. 8) Une diminution des dépenses en année préélectorale favorise également la réélection du maire sortant. Ce résultat significatif est une anomalie par rapport à l’hypothèse, mais correspond au comportement moyen découvert dans le changement des dépenses qui ont diminué significativement en année préélectorale. Toutefois, une augmentation des dépenses en année électorale et une diminution de la taxation en année préélectorale n’ont pas d’effet sur la réélection des maires sortants qui ont dû faire face à une opposition électorale alors qu’il s’agit là du comportement moyen découvert dans les municipalités québécoises.
Les quatre dernières hypothèses sont en lien avec le cadre théorique qui met en relation la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian et les anticipations du politicien à propos de cette même capacité. Ce cadre théorique vise à spécifier sous quelles conditions le cycle électoral aura un effet sur les résultats de l’élection. Les hypothèses inférées de ce cadre théorique seront entièrement confirmées empiriquement. En effet, 9) les tests empiriques montrent que le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection du maire sortant dans les municipalités qui obtiennent un score de zéro sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer. 10) Le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection des maires sortants pour les municipalités ayant obtenu un seul point sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s‘informer. 11) Le cycle électoral de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier positif au cours du mandat 2006-2009. 12) Le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier négatif au cours du mandat 2006-2009.

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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. „Faculty Senate Minutes January 22, 2018“. University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626508.

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Huang, Shih-Jung, und 黃詩茸. „Link Budget Estimation for Prospective Satellite Communication Development in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36v7bt.

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碩士
國立中央大學
通訊工程學系在職專班
106
Space technology is the point of the technological development for all countries, because it can show the national capability of the country at all levels. In recently years, our country attaches great importance to development of space technology. Before the establishment of a satellite communication system, it is necessary to analyze the correlation coefficient of the communication system by link budget analysis, to optimize the development benefits of the entire system. The purpose of this research is based on Taiwan’s TT&C satellites and explores the development in Taiwan. To begin with this research, will be analysis the development and application of satellites in the countries of the world, then, introduce the Taiwan's satellite development, international organizations’ specifications for satellite communication technologies, and explore the related parameters of the link budget estimation. Next, analyzes the TT&C satellite communication systems in Taiwan, on the specification of the hardware components of the satellite communication architecture, to discuss in terms of the market products' specifications, last summarize the development in Taiwan.

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Garcia, Lauren Elizabeth. „Strategic communication issues for nonprofits : targeting donors, utilizing new media, and planning for crises“. 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19926.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the growing nonprofit sector in the marketplace and the challenges and opportunities involved with attracting and maintaining donor relations and charitable giving. Nonprofit organizations have a number challenges relating to marketing and communications but I have chosen to focus on three dominant areas: targeting donors for support and greatly needed funds, the use of emerging media tools, and crisis management. These issues have a significant impact on an organization’s ability to effectively communicate their brand as compelling to their public. First, I will briefly go over the branding process and what makes a nonprofit brand so unique. I will discuss the target market of donors, the importance of understanding them and their mindset, and finally provide some variables that relate to successful recruiting and maintaining of those relations. Additionally, my research will cover not only methods that could best attract donors but also why many nonprofits do not have marketing or communications plans in place already and the consequences for such a choice. Following that research, I will go into the actual marketing and communication tactics that can be used, not only through traditional but also in new or emerging media communications. Then, I will transition into research of crisis management, linking to the necessity of implementation of marketing plans and the consequences that can occur when nonprofits deal with crises ineffectively. Based on the research, I will conclude my own set of guidelines for how nonprofits should proceed should they want to be successful in a competitive marketplace.
text

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Shabalala, Mirriam Phumula. „Budget allocation and expenditure patterns of government with specific reference to government communication and information system (GCIS) for the period 1998-2001“. Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1485.

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Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) was formed in May 1998, to co-ordinate and provide leadership in communicating the message of government across all government functional disciplines. Initially its activities were implemented with resources of the disbanded South African Communication Services (SACS). Key findings * The GCIS's allocated budget was not linked to its own strategic priorities and operational plans. * The inherited staff of SACS had limited qualification to execute its key activities. * Budget motivations submitted for the subsequent years, were still using SACS's activities as a focal point and not the GCIS's priorities. * There were poor systems of managing and monitoring on a month to month basis the activities of the GCIS. Key recommendations * A newly created entity should have a strategic and an operational plan that will inform its zero based budgeting process. * Management involvement in the budgeting process and monitoring is critical. * The budgeting process should be preceded by an approved strategic plan and an operational plan.
Public Administration
(M.A (Public Administration))

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Chan, Ya-An, und 詹雅安. „A Study of Integrated Marketing Communication on Consumer''s Perceived Value and Purchase Intention- The Case of Budget Fashion“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57yd2r.

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碩士
淡江大學
未來學研究所碩士班
101
According to Executive Yuan who is the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, the annual growth rate of consumer price index (CPI) in 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 0.96%, 1.42% and 1.93% respectively. This indicates that the price index is rising with year. However, the public annual income is not growing commensurately. This coupled with the situation of low wages and high living costs has culminated in the increased disparity between the rich and the poor. Thus, the consumption habit of the public can be divided into two segments which are budget and lavish consumers. In the current M-shaped society, customers are more concerned about their spending in order to achieve a more economical and affordable luxury. Consumers are also more aware of marketing activities; hence budget fashions gradually attracting more public attention. The survey of this study focuses on the age group which is under twenty-nine-year-old. The study aims to investigate the influences between budget fashion and the following concepts including the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), customer perceived value and purchase intention. This study collected 250 valid questionnaires. Structural Equation Model (SEM) is adapted to analyze the relationships between research variables. The results reveal that: (1) there is a positive relationship between Integrated Marketing Communication and consumer perceived value. Customers can be attracted by advertisements (e.g. print advertisement or electronic advertisement), promotion activities, comments on social media, recommendations from salespersons and other new types of marketing methods. The results indicate that if organizations can integrate different marketing methods to enhance customers satisfaction, the purchase intention of consumer will be increased. (2) There is a positive relationship between customer perceived value and customer purchase intention. When customers are satisfied with products, their purchase intention will be elevated. Customers believe that value is obtaining what they want with low price, what they pay with perceived product quality, and also what they receive from their investment. (3) Perceived value plays an intermediary role between integrated marketing communication and purchase intention. This insinuates that integrated marketing communication does not affect customer purchase intention directly. In other words, the necessary requirement to generate purchase intention in customers is the perceived value.

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Barata, Joana Amaro. „Social media as a communication tool for small and medium enterprises: Lessons learned on best practices for companies with limited budget“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18860.

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In businesses nowadays, social media is essential to reach and interact with potential customers, with the goal of increasing brand awareness, sales, ROI, and customer acquisition and retainment. In this dissertation, best practices on social media communication for small and medium enterprises with a limited budget are determined. This research conducted qualitative and quantitate studies, where eight in-depth interviews took place with the goal of better understanding how marketing in SMEs works and a content analyses on 1087 LinkedIn posts was done to test the proposed hypotheses. Based on the literature, nine hypotheses were proposed, studying the impact that variables such as vividness and interactivity had on the number of likes, number of comments and engagement. Results based on the literature show that more followers on brand pages and curated content on brand posts have a positive impact on engagement. Human faces on brand posts do not have an impact on engagement. Furthermore, the higher the level of vividness, the higher the number of likes. On the contrary, low and medium interactivity factors and giveaways brand posts have a negative impact on the number of likes and a high level of interactivity do not impact on the number of likes. Additionally, the higher the level of vividness, the higher the number of comments and interactivity in brand posts does not have an impact on the number comments. At last, theoretical and practical implications are exposed and future studies are proposed.
Nas empresas de hoje em dia, as redes sociais são essenciais para alcançar e interagir com potenciais clientes, com o objetivo de aumentar a visibilidade da marca, vendas, ROI, e aquisição e retenção de clientes. Nesta dissertação, são determinadas as melhores práticas em comunicação de redes sociais para pequenas e médias empresas com um orçamento limitado. Esta pesquisa realizou estudos qualitativos e quantitativos, onde se realizaram oito entrevistas com o objetivo de melhor compreender como o marketing nas PME funciona e uma análise de conteúdo em 1087 posts do LinkedIn foi conduzida para testar as hipóteses propostas. Com base na literatura, foram determinadas nove hipóteses, estudando o impacto que variáveis como vivacidade e interatividade têm no número de gostos, comentários e engajamento. Os resultados baseados na literatura mostram que mais seguidores em páginas de marcas e conteúdo curado em posts de marca têm um impacto positivo no engajamento. Rostos humanos em posts de marca não têm impacto no engajamento. Além disso, quanto maior o nível de vivacidade, maior o número de gostos. Pelo contrário, os fatores de baixa e média interatividade e os posts de marca de brindes têm um impacto negativo sobre o número de gostos e um alto nível de interatividade não afeta o número de gostos. Além disso, quanto maior o nível de vivacidade, maior o número de comentários e interatividade em posts de marca não tem um impacto sobre o número de comentários. Finalmente, implicações teóricas e práticas são expostas e futuros estudos são propostos.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Budget and communication“

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