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Thematische Bibliographien / Breeding kink / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Breeding kink“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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1

Plessis, C. J. du, Y. M. van Heezik und P. J. Seddon. „Timing of King Penguin Breeding at Marion Island“. Emu - Austral Ornithology 94, Nr. 3 (September 1994): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9940216.

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2

Vargo, Edward. „Diversity of Termite Breeding Systems“. Insects 10, Nr. 2 (12.02.2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10020052.

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Termites are social insects that live in colonies headed by reproductive castes. The breeding system is defined by the number of reproductive individuals in a colony and the castes to which they belong. There is tremendous variation in the breeding system of termites both within and among species. The current state of our understanding of termite breeding systems is reviewed. Most termite colonies are founded by a primary (alate-derived) king and queen who mate and produce the other colony members. In some species, colonies continue throughout their life span as simple families headed by the original king and queen. In others, the primary king and queen are replaced by numerous neotenic (nymph- or worker-derived) reproductives, or less commonly primary reproductives, that are descendants of the original founding pair leading to inbreeding in the colony. In still others, colonies can have multiple unrelated reproductives due to either founding the colonies as groups or through colony fusion. More recently, parthenogenetic reproduction has shown to be important in some termite species and may be widespread. A major challenge in termite biology is to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors driving the variation in termite breeding systems.

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3

Gryz, Piotr, Alina Gerlée und Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire. „New breeding site and records of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on King George Island (South Shetlands, Western Antarctic)“. Polar Record 54, Nr. 4 (Juli 2018): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000554.

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AbstractThe king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is a pelagic species that breeds on sub-Antarctic islands relatively close to the Antarctic polar front. After a significant decline at the beginning of the twentieth century because of widespread exploitation by sealers, the species’ numbers are currently increasing, with observed local fluctuations. There has also been an increase in the number of sightings in the Antarctic, and recorded breeding attempts in this area. Here we present the history of observations of king penguins from 1977 to 2017 in two Antarctic Specially Protected Areas: ASPA No. 128 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, and No. 151 Lions Rump, King George Island, South Shetland Islands (Western Antarctic). Additionally, we report on a new breeding site at Lions Rump, the third known breeding site for this species in the South Shetland Islands. Together with observations from other parts of the archipelago, the information in this study supports earlier suggestions of a southerly expansion of this species and of attempts to colonise the Antarctic Peninsula region.

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Challet, E., C. A. Bost, Y. Handrich, J. P. Gendner und Y. Le Maho. „Behavioural time budget of breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonica)“. Journal of Zoology 233, Nr. 4 (August 1994): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb05373.x.

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5

Le Vaillant, Maryline, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Yvon Le Maho und Céline Le Bohec. „Individual parameters shape foraging activity in breeding king penguins“. Behavioral Ecology 27, Nr. 1 (06.10.2015): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv146.

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6

Otley, Helen, Andrea Clausen, Darren Christie, Nic Huin und Klemens Pütz. „Breeding patterns of King Penguins on the Falkland Islands“. Emu - Austral Ornithology 107, Nr. 2 (Juni 2007): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu06027.

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7

Bentzen, Rebecca L., und Abby N. Powell. „Population dynamics of king eiders breeding in northern Alaska“. Journal of Wildlife Management 76, Nr. 5 (06.02.2012): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.335.

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8

Guo, J. „CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: Will Captive Breeding Save Africa's King of Beasts?“ Science 324, Nr. 5925 (17.04.2009): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324.5925.331.

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9

Lemaire, Bastien S., Vincent A. Viblanc und Christelle Jozet‐Alves. „Sex‐specific lateralization during aggressive interactions in breeding king penguins“. Ethology 125, Nr. 7 (14.04.2019): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12868.

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10

Brothers, NP. „Breeding Biology, Diet and Morphometrics of the King Shag, Phalacrocorax Albiventer Purpurascens, at Macquarie Island.“ Wildlife Research 12, Nr. 1 (1985): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850081.

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Nineteen colonies of the king shag, Phalacrocorax albiventer purpurascens, occur on Macquarie I. varying in size from 3 to 320 breeding pairs. The total population was estimated at 660 breeding pairs in 1975-79. Breeding varied annually, but most eggs were laid in the last half of October with an average clutch size over two seasons of 2.7 eggs. Most chicks hatched by late December and fledged from late January onwards. Minimum age at first breeding was 2 years but most shags did not breed until the age of 4 years or more. Faithful breeding pairs tended to be more successful than those that changed mates although most remained together for only one or two seasons. Male shags had a stronger tendency to retain their nest-site than did females, and it was the female that was responsible for the breakdown of the pair-bond. This breakdown and annual variation in breeding success was thought to be mainly due to shortage of food, which consisted solely of benthic fish.

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Sierakowski, Kazimierz, Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire und Piotr Jadwiszczak. „Changes in bird communities of Admiralty Bay, King George Island (West Antarctic): insights from monitoring data (1977–1996)“. Polish Polar Research 38, Nr. 2 (27.06.2017): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2017-0010.

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AbstractThe paper summarizes results of twenty years of seabird observations carried out between 1977 and 1996 on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctic). Changes in population size, distribution and phenology of the breeding species as well as the appearance of non-breeding species are reported. A total of 34 species of birds were observed, including 13 breeding species. Among the non-breeding species, four were observed to visit the site regularly, six rarely, and the remaining 11 were observed only occasionally. Among breeding populations, three Pygoscelis penguin species, the main krill consumers, were most numerous. The Adélie Penguin (P. adeliae) dominated among the penguins nesting in the investigated areas, reaching 23,661 breeding pairs in 1978. Two other penguin species were less abundant with population sizes of approximately 7,200 breeding pairs for the Chinstrap Penguin (P. antarcticus) and 3,100 breeding pairs for the Gentoo Penguin (P. papua) in the same year. During the following two decades, breeding populations of pygoscelid species experienced a declining trend and their numbers were reduced by 68.0% for Chinstrap, 67.1% for Gentoo, and 33.9% for Adélie Penguins. The data reported here represent a unique reference basis and provide valuable information about indicator species, suitable for comparison with contemporary observations of bird populations in the Antarctic Peninsula region, a place of rapidly occurring climate changes and intensive harvesting of marine living resources.

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Hristov, Kroum Kroumov. „Observations of Cyclope neritea Linnaeus 1758 Breeding Behaviour in Artificial Habitat“. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8868.

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Cyclope neritea Linnaeus 1758 is a popular Mediterranean Sea gastropod mollusk. A scavenger associated with shellfish farming, and used for population genetics studies and monitoring of environmental pollution. The aim is to evaluate C. neritea’s propagation under long-term artificial condition. C. neritea is maintained in 34 ppt substitute sea-water, along with copepods, Tigriopus californicus Baker 1912 at 25 oC and 12/12 hr light/dark cycle. It is an oviparous marine gastropod laying scattered single-egg-containing capsules. The females with retarded egg-capsule deposition eat the egg immediately after deposition. Normal capsules are not attacked. Juveniles supplement their diet with eggs of their kind regardless of the stage of development. Intra- and extra-capsular development and growth were observed. Its transient longevity reasons the work for optimising the conditions for the successful maintenance, and popularising it for the ornamental fish habitats.

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13

Phillips, Laura M., Abby N. Powell und Eric A. Rexstad. „Large-Scale Movements and Habitat Characteristics of King Eiders Throughout the Nonbreeding Period“. Condor 108, Nr. 4 (01.11.2006): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.4.887.

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Abstract Abstract King Eiders (Somateriaspectabilis) breeding inwestern Canada and Alaska molt wing feathers andspend the winter in remote areas of the Bering Sea,precluding direct observation. To characterizetiming of migration and habitat used by King Eidersduring the nonbreeding period, we collectedlocation data for 60 individuals (27 femalesand 33 males) over three years from satellitetelemetry and utilized oceanographic informationobtained by remote sensing. Male King Eidersdispersed from breeding areas, arrived at wing moltsites, and dispersed from wing molt sites earlierthan females in all years. Males arriving earlierat wing molt sites molted flight feathers at higherlatitudes. Distributions of molt and winterlocations did not differ by sex or among years. Ofthe variables considered for analysis, distance toshore, water depth, and salinity appeared to bestdescribe King Eider habitat throughout thenonbreeding period. King Eiders were located closerto shore, in shallower water with lower salinitythan random locations. During the winter, lower iceconcentrations were also associated with King Eiderlocations. This study provides some of the firstlarge-scale descriptions of King Eider migrationand habitat outside the breeding season.

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14

van den Hoff, John, Clive R. McMahon und Iain Field. „Tipping back the balance: recolonization of the Macquarie Island isthmus by king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) following extermination for human gain“. Antarctic Science 21, Nr. 3 (10.03.2009): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009001898.

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AbstractDuring the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when blubber oil fuelled house lamps, the king penguin population at Macquarie Island was reduced from two very large (perhaps hundreds of thousands of birds) colonies to about 3000 birds. One colony, located on the isthmus when the island was discovered in 1810, was extinct by 1894 and it took about 100 years for king penguins to re-establish a viable breeding population there. Here we document this recovery. The first eggs laid at Gadget Gully on the isthmus were recorded in late February 1995 but in subsequent years egg laying took place earlier between November and February (this temporal discontinuity is a consequence of king penguin breeding behaviour). The first chick was hatched in April 1995 but the first fledging was not raised until the following breeding season in October 1996. The colony increased on average 66% per annum in the five years between 1995 and 2000. King penguins appear resilient to catastrophic population reductions, and as the island's population increases, it is likely that other previously abandoned breeding sites will be reoccupied.

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Phillips, Laura M., und Abby N. Powell. „Evidence for Wing Molt and Breeding Site Fidelity in King Eiders“. Waterbirds 29, Nr. 2 (Juni 2006): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:efwmab]2.0.co;2.

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16

Olsson, Olof, und Anders Brodin. „Changes in King Penguin Breeding Cycle in Response to Food Availability“. Condor 99, Nr. 4 (November 1997): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370154.

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17

Cherel, Y., J. P. Robin, O. Walch, H. Karmann, P. Netchitailo und Y. Le Maho. „Fasting in king penguin. I. Hormonal and metabolic changes during breeding“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, Nr. 2 (01.02.1988): R170—R177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.2.r170.

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During long-term fasting in birds and mammals, protein utilization initially decreases (phase I), is thereafter maintained at a low value (phase II), and then further increases (phase III). To delineate hormonal and biochemical changes responsible for these modifications, the effect of food deprivation for 50 days was studied in 6 male king penguins captured at the beginning of their natural breeding fast. During phase II, both rate of mass loss and plasma uric acid concentration remained at low levels, whereas plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration increased. In phase III there was by contrast a 2.5-fold increase in the rate of mass loss, an eightfold increase in plasma uric acid, and an 80% drop in plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Plasma corticosterone was low and steady in phase II and increased three times in phase III. During the overall fast, there were no significant variations in plasma insulin, but there was a fourfold increase in plasma glucagon and a decrease in plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These findings suggest that protein sparing (phase II) requires low levels of corticosterone, insulin, and thyroid hormones, whereas the further increase in protein utilization (phase III) is due to an increase in plasma corticosterone. The high plasma glucagon concentration in phase III is presumably responsible for a transient increase in plasma glucose observed at this stage; such increase in glucagon could enhance gluconeogenesis from amino acids.

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18

Descamps, Sébastien, Céline Le Bohec, Yvon Le Maho, Jean-Paul Gendner und Michel Gauthier-Clerc. „Relating Demographic Performance to Breeding-Site Location in the King Penguin“. Condor 111, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080066.

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19

Oppel, Steffen, Abby N. Powell und Malcolm G. Butler. „King Eider Foraging Effort During the Pre-Breeding Period in Alaska“. Condor 113, Nr. 1 (Februar 2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100077.

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20

Dewasmes und Telliez. „Tactile arousal threshold of sleeping king penguins in a breeding colony“. Journal of Sleep Research 9, Nr. 3 (September 2000): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00203.x.

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21

Fudala, Katarzyna, und Robert Józef Bialik. „Breeding Colony Dynamics of Southern Elephant Seals at Patelnia Point, King George Island, Antarctica“. Remote Sensing 12, Nr. 18 (11.09.2020): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182964.

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During the 2019 breeding season (October-December), a battery-powered DIJ Inspire 2 drone was used to investigate a breeding southern elephant seal colony located at Patelnia Point (ASPA 128, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica). Twelve unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) missions conducted 50–70 m above ground level (AGL) were completed to monitor the breeding ground with a maximum of 0.348 km2. The missions were planned in Pix4D Capture software. A drone, with the support of ground cameras and observations, was used to derive population counts, map harems, and track the phenology of the southern elephant seals. Based on data obtained from the UAV missions, orthophotomaps were created in PIX4D Mapper and then analyzed in QGIS. Calculated values of body size parameters such as body length and orthogonal body surface area were used to determine the age and sex of individuals. Analysis of the ranges of the harems on particular days, supported by an analysis of land conditions that generate physical barriers to the movement of animals, allowed zones in which the transformations of groups of harems took place to be determined. The hypothesized hermeticity of the designated zones was supported by statistical tests. The use of drones allows for comprehensive population analyses of the breeding colonies of elephant seals such as censuses of pups and adult individuals, determination of the sex ratio, and spatial analysis of the distribution of breeding formations. In addition, it allows for a more accurate result than ground counting.

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22

Majewska, Danuta, Tomasz Pohorecki und Beata Matysiak. „A preliminary study on selected utility traits and mineral composition of meat in King pigeons managed under extensive system in Poland“. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 20, Nr. 1 (08.10.2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2021.20.1.05.

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The study was conducted on King pigeons managed by a private breeder in Poland. The studied population consisted of three years old parent pigeon pairs of the King breed and the their offspring obtained during the breeding season (March-November). The aims of the research involved an evaluation of the reproductive performance of King pigeons, analysis of growth rate, survival, slaughter performance and mineral composition of squab meat. In the analyzed breeding season, an average of 8.7 eggs was obtained per female. The fertilization rate and hatching rate of chicks from fertilized eggs were 80.0% and 75.8%, respectively. The highest weight gain in pigeons was observed between the date of hatching and 4 weeks of age. Pigeons slaughtered at 6 weeks of age were characterized by higher slaughter performance (66.1%) than 4 week-old pigeons (60.4%). Meat of this pigeon breed is a rich source of valuable minerals such as potassium (4060 mg per kg), magnesium (296 mg per kg), iron (52 mg per kg), zinc (9 mg per kg) and silicon (30 mg per kg).

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23

Zhu, Wei Xing, Chun Yan Sha, Wei Hao und Yu Chang. „Design of Precision Breeding System for Pigs Based on DDE“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (März 2013): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1159.

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The pig farming industry in China has realized a rapid growth in recent years, but the breeding facilities and technologies are still relatively backward compared to those in developed countries. The intelligent precision breeding system proposed in this study are used to identify commercial pigs , collect the data of feed intake and weight, obtain feed conversion rate and increase efficiency of farming enterprises. Besides, the system is designed with an electronic pounds module and radio frequency identification (RFID) module. The software of King View with strong function is chosen to practice managing the collected data and monitoring in time in the upper computer monitoring system. Because there is no driver for RFID module in King View, the study has focused on the dynamic data exchange (DDE) technology, which is applied to accomplish the communication between RFID site and the data of King View. The practical application shows that the system operates steadily and the application scope of King View is extended.

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24

HEEZIK, Y. M. VAN, P. J. SEDDON, J. COOPER und A. L. PLÖS. „Interrelationships between breeding frequency, timing and outcome in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus: are King Penguins biennial breeders?“ Ibis 136, Nr. 3 (Juli 1994): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1994.tb01096.x.

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25

Marshall, Benjamin Michael, Colin Thomas Strine, Max Dolton Jones, Taksin Artchawakom, Ines Silva, Pongthep Suwanwaree und Matt Goode. „Space fit for a king: spatial ecology of king cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) in Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand“. Amphibia-Reptilia 40, Nr. 2 (2019): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-18000008.

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Abstract A species’ spatial ecology has direct implications for that species’ conservation. Far-ranging species may be more difficult to conserve because their movements increase their chances of encountering humans. The movements can take them out of protected areas, which is especially risky for species that are routinely persecuted. The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), a large venomous elapid, is subject to anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and habitat loss. Here we present results from a study using radio telemetry to quantify movements and habitat use of nine king cobras in and around a protected area in Northeast Thailand. This study is the first investigation into the movements and habitat use of king cobras outside of the Western Ghats, India. On average, the tracked king cobra’s use areas of 493.42 ± 335.60 ha (95% fixed kernel), moving 183.24 ± 82.63 m per day. King cobras did not remain in intact forested area. Five of the individuals frequently used the human-dominated agricultural areas surrounding the protected area, appearing to make regular use of irrigation canals. Two adult males showed increases in movements during the breeding season. One male’s increased breeding season range caused him to venture beyond the protected area, shifting his habitat use from intact forests to scrub in human-dominated areas. King cobras’ large home range and willingness to use anthropogenic landscapes merits special consideration from conservation planners.

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26

Pistorius, Pierre A., Alastair Baylis, Sarah Crofts und Klemens Pütz. „Population development and historical occurrence of king penguins at the Falkland Islands“. Antarctic Science 24, Nr. 5 (17.05.2012): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000302.

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AbstractAfter an extended period of sporadic sightings of small numbers of king penguins at the Falkland Islands, they established themselves on Volunteer Point, situated at the north-east of the islands, by the late 1970s. By 1980, a small breeding population was present which yielded some 40 fledglings during that same year. Since 1991, the population has been monitored annually and the resulting fledgling counts analysed to assess population trends. The population demonstrated a significant increase over the past three decades, at about 10% per annum, with time explaining 75% of the variation in count data. The current population is estimated to be 720 breeding pairs. Despite several authors having alluded to the existence of a large colony of king penguins at the Falklands prior to human exploitation, we found no evidence in support of this. We furthermore found no evidence in the literature in support of exploitation for king penguin oil during the 19th century. Unlike at other breeding sites, increasing numbers of king penguins at the Falklands is consequently unlikely to be a recovery response following exploitation, but rather an indication of either increased immigration or of improved feeding conditions.

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27

Im, Chak-Han, Min-Keun Kim, Hee-Jung Je, Kyung-Hee Kim, Sun-Young Kim, Kye-Ja Kim, Sung-Ja Park et al. „Breeding of King Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii Carrying Good Traits of Cap“. Korean Journal of Mycology 40, Nr. 3 (28.09.2012): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/kjm.2012.40.3.145.

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28

Pütz, Klemens. „SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE FORAGING AREAS OF BREEDING KING PENGUINS“. Condor 104, Nr. 3 (2002): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0528:satvit]2.0.co;2.

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29

Viblanc, Vincent A., Claire Saraux, Nelly Malosse und René Groscolas. „Energetic adjustments in freely breeding‐fasting king penguins: does colony density matter?“ Functional Ecology 28, Nr. 3 (13.01.2014): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12212.

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30

BOURGEON, Sophie, Vanessa M. VIERA, Thierry RACLOT und René GROSCOLAS. „Hormones and immunoglobulin levels in king penguins during moulting and breeding fasts“. Ecoscience 14, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2007): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[519:hailik]2.0.co;2.

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31

Baylis, Alastair M. M., Rachael A. Orben, Pierre Pistorius, Paul Brickle, Iain Staniland und Norman Ratcliffe. „Winter foraging site fidelity of king penguins breeding at the Falkland Islands“. Marine Biology 162, Nr. 1 (27.11.2014): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2561-0.

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32

Pütz, Klemens. „Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Foraging Areas of Breeding King Penguins“. Condor 104, Nr. 3 (01.08.2002): 528–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.528.

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Abstract King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) from breeding islands in the Indian Ocean (Crozet and Kerguelen Islands) and the Atlantic Ocean (South Georgia and Falkland Islands) were equipped with global location sensors to compare their foraging patterns during different times of the year. In summer, all birds investigated traveled toward the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), irrespective of whether they bred to the north (Crozet Islands, Falkland Islands), within (Kerguelen Islands) or to the south (South Georgia) of this hydrographic feature. Whereas most birds remained north of the APF and foraged in waters of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, some penguins also traveled, or remained (South Georgia), south of the APF and foraged in Antarctic waters. It appeared that food resources in the vicinity of the APF were sufficiently predictable to warrant travel of several hundred km by King Penguins for foraging. Data collected on the winter distribution of King Penguins indicated at least two different foraging strategies. Birds from the oceanic Crozet Islands foraged beyond the APF in the Antarctic waters, whereas birds from the Falkland Islands relied also on the resources provided by the highly diverse and productive slope of the Patagonian Shelf. However, despite these differences, in both cases minimum distances of sometimes more than 10 000 km were covered. Further research on the foraging habitats of King Penguins over the entire breeding season and the temporal and spatial changes of oceanographic features is necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture on the variability in the foraging ranges of King Penguins. Variabilidad Espacial y Temporal en las Áreas de Forrajeo de Individuos Reproductivos de Aptenodytes patagonicus Resumen. Comparamos los patrones de forrajeo de individuos reproductivos de Aptenodytes patagonicus provenientes de las islas del Océano Índico (Islas Crozet y Kerguelen) y Océano Atlántico (Islas Georgia del Sur y Malvinas) durante diferentes períodos del año, equipando pingüinos con sensores de localización global. En el verano, todas las aves investigadas viajaron hacia el Frente Polar Antártico (FPA), independientemente de si se reprodujeron al norte (Islas Crozet, Islas Malvinas), en (Islas Kerguelen) o al sur (Islas Georgias del Sur) de aquella entidad hidrográfica. Aunque la mayoría de las aves permanecieron al norte del FPA y forrajearon en aguas de la Zona Polar Frontal Antártica, algunos pingüinos también viajaron hacia el sur del FPA y forrajearon en aguas antárticas. Al parecer los recursos alimenticios en el FPA fueron lo suficientemente predecibles como para justificar que los pingüinos viajen varios cientos de kilómetros para forrajear. Los datos colectados durante la distribución de invierno de A. patagonicus indicaron por lo menos dos estrategias de forrajeo diferentes. Las aves provenientes de las islas oceánicas Crozet forrajearon más allá del FPA en aguas antárticas, mientras que las aves provenientes de las Islas Malvinas dependieron además de los recursos que provee la diversa y productiva plataforma marítima patagónica. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas diferencias, en ambos casos a veces las aves cubrieron distancias mínimas de más de 10 000 km. Para obtener un panorama completo sobre la variabilidad en los rangos de forrajeo de A. patagonicus es necesario efectuar más investigaciones sobre los hábitats de forrajeo de estos pingüinos durante la totalidad de la época reproductiva y durante todos los cambios temporales y espaciales de las entidades hidrográficas.

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Krietsch, Johannes, Jan Esefeld, Christina Braun, Simeon Lisovski und Hans-Ulrich Peter. „Long-term dataset reveals declines in breeding success and high fluctuations in the number of breeding pairs in two skua species breeding on King George Island“. Polar Biology 39, Nr. 4 (15.10.2015): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1808-7.

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Korczak−Abshire, Małgorzata, Michał Węgrzyn, Piotr J. Angiel und Maja Lisowska. „Pygoscelid penguins breeding distribution and population trends at Lions Rump rookery, King George Island“. Polish Polar Research 34, Nr. 1 (01.03.2013): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2013-0002.

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AbstractLong term changes (46 years) in the abundance of pygoscelid penguins breeding populations and nests distribution in the Lions Rump (King George Island) colony were in− vestigated in three time intervals, according to previously published two censuses and one original study conducted in 2010. At that time a detailed colony map based on the GIS system was made. Results of this study showed different trends for each investigated species. In the last three decades Adélie penguin breeding populations showed strong declining tendencies (69.61%). In contrast, the population of gentoo penguins represents the reverse trend, increasing 171.85% over the same period. Observed changes in both penguin population sizes are reflected in the different spatial and geographic distribution of their nests. The population changes observed at the Lions Rump colony are consistent with the relevant pygoscelid penguin tendencies in the western Antarctic Peninsula region. Breeding penguin population dynamics at Lions Rump area with a minimal disturbance by human activity may well illustrate a natural response of those birds to environmental changes in the Antarctic.

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Braun, Christina, Jan Esefeld, Larisa Savelieva und Hans-Ulrich Peter. „Population decline of the cape petrel (Daption capense) on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica“. Polar Biology 44, Nr. 9 (26.07.2021): 1795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02914-4.

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AbstractThe Antarctic and the surrounding Southern Ocean are currently subject to rapid environmental changes and increasing anthropogenic impacts. Seabird populations often reflect those changes and so act as indicators of environmental variability. Their population trends may provide information on a variety of environmental parameters on the scale of years or decades. We therefore provide long-term data on the cape petrel (Daption capense) population from a long-term monitoring program on Fildes Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic, an area of considerable human activity. Our data, covering a period of 36 years, indicate some variability, but no clear trend in the number of breeding pairs between the breeding seasons 1985 and 2006. However, beginning in the 2008 season, the population decreased significantly and reached a minimum in the 2020 season. The mean annual decrease between 2008 and 2020 was 10.6%. We discuss possible causes of this strong negative population trend. Anthropogenic disturbance only affects a few breeding sites in the area and is therefore unable, on its own, to explain the consistent population decline at all the breeding sites studied. We think it more likely that reduced food availability was the main cause of the drastic decline in the cape petrel population.

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Gherardi-Fuentes, Camila, Klemens Pütz, Cristobal Anguita und Alejandro Simeone. „Comparative foraging and diving behaviour of coexisting breeding and non-breeding King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in Tierra del Fuego, Chile“. Emu - Austral Ornithology 119, Nr. 1 (18.10.2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2018.1530061.

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Savic, Mila, Vladimir Dimitrijevic, Ruzica Trailovic, Mensur Vegara, Blagoje Dimitrijevic, Zolt Beckei, Branislav Petrujkic und Aleksandar Cojkic. „Selection criteria in organic cattle breeding“. Veterinarski glasnik 68, Nr. 5-6 (2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1406363s.

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The central issue in process of organizing organic cattle breeding is the knowledge about specificities of this kind of production, good knowledge of breed characteristics (body composition, immune tolerance, expressed predisposition towards some diseases, production properties). Research centres, in collaboration with producers, have defined the essential features on which the selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are based on. Of the greatest importance for veterinary service is the fact that selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are in the first place based on giving priority to healthy animals, with strong immune system, good reproductive characteristics, which can be in production system for a long period. Additional important selective criteria is specific body resistance and adaptability of autochtonous breeds to environmental conditions.

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BOHEC, CÉLINE LE, MICHEL GAUTHIER-CLERC, DAVID GRÉMILLET, ROGER PRADEL, ARNAUD BÉCHET, JEAN-PAUL GENDNER und YVON LE MAHO. „Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins“. Journal of Animal Ecology 76, Nr. 6 (November 2007): 1149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01268.x.

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Stephen Dobson, F., Paul M. Nolan, Marion Nicolaus, Catherine Bajzak, Anne-Sophie Coquel und Pierre Jouventin. „Comparison of Color and Body Condition Between Early and Late Breeding King Penguins“. Ethology 114, Nr. 9 (September 2008): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01545.x.

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Juáres, Mariana A., Javier Negrete, Jorge A. Mennucci, Pablo J. Perchivale, Mercedes Santos, Eugenia Moreira und Néstor R. Coria. „Further evidence of king penguins’ breeding range extension at the South Shetland Islands?“ Antarctic Science 26, Nr. 3 (18.10.2013): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000655.

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Finger, Júlia Victória Grohmann, César Rodrigo dos Santos, Luiz Liberato Costa Corrêa, Antônio Coimbra de Brum und Maria Virginia Petry. „A brown Adélie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae breeding at King George Island, Maritime Antarctica“. Polar Biology 41, Nr. 9 (04.05.2018): 1907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2326-1.

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Petry, Maria Virginia, Fernanda Caminha Leal Valls, Elisa de Souza Petersen, Lucas Krüger, Roberta da Cruz Piuco und César Rodrigo dos Santos. „Breeding sites and population of seabirds on Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica“. Polar Biology 39, Nr. 7 (27.11.2015): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1846-1.

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Lee, Won Young, Nobuo Kokubun, Jin-Woo Jung, Hosung Chung und Jeong-Hoon Kim. „Diel diving behavior of breeding gentoo penguins on King George Island in Antarctica“. Animal Cells and Systems 19, Nr. 4 (04.07.2015): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2015.1074107.

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Emslie, Steven D., Matías Romero, Mariana A. Juáres und Martin R. Argota. „Holocene occupation history of pygoscelid penguins at Stranger Point, King George (25 de Mayo) Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula“. Holocene 30, Nr. 1 (19.09.2019): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619875814.

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We report additional fossil evidence for pygoscelid penguins breeding on King George (25 de Mayo) Island, South Shetland Islands, in the Holocene beginning at ~7000 cal. yr BP. This evidence comes from a raised marine beach deposit formerly studied and described as Pingfo I at Stranger Point, Potter Peninsula. We relocated and exposed deposits at this site and recovered additional samples of penguin bones from five stratigraphic beds that are redescribed here. Most of these bones are from juvenile penguins and exhibit little or no wear indicating minimal transport to the beach deposits. Some of the bones are developed enough to be identifiable to Adélie ( Pygoscelis adeliae), Gentoo ( Pygoscelis papua), and Chinstrap ( Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins, indicating that all three species were breeding at Stranger Point from ~7320 to 4865 cal. yr BP. This breeding occupation corresponds with the first warming and deglaciation that occurred in the northern Antarctic Peninsula by this time and ends with the onset of reglaciation of the Peninsula. At least 31 abandoned penguin mounds and ornithogenic soils also were located and sampled at Stranger Point and indicate that the current occupation of this area by all three pygoscelid penguins dates no older than ~535 cal. yr BP. The absence of ornithogenic soils from earlier Holocene breeding was probably due to glacial activity and soil solifluction during periods of warming in the mid to late Holocene.

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Trucchi, Emiliano, Paolo Gratton, Jason D. Whittington, Robin Cristofari, Yvon Le Maho, Nils Chr Stenseth und Céline Le Bohec. „King penguin demography since the last glaciation inferred from genome-wide data“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, Nr. 1787 (22.07.2014): 20140528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0528.

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How natural climate cycles, such as past glacial/interglacial patterns, have shaped species distributions at the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere is still largely unclear. Here, we show how the post-glacial warming following the Last Glacial Maximum ( ca 18 000 years ago), allowed the (re)colonization of the fragmented sub-Antarctic habitat by an upper-level marine predator, the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus . Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and standard mitochondrial data, we tested the behaviour of subsets of anonymous nuclear loci in inferring past demography through coalescent-based and allele frequency spectrum analyses. Our results show that the king penguin population breeding on Crozet archipelago steeply increased in size, closely following the Holocene warming recorded in the Epica Dome C ice core. The following population growth can be explained by a threshold model in which the ecological requirements of this species (year-round ice-free habitat for breeding and access to a major source of food such as the Antarctic Polar Front) were met on Crozet soon after the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition.

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Mitchell, Linda M., und Margaret E. King. „Effect of body condition and breeding history on the reproductive performance of twenty month old female breeding sheep“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (März 1993): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600024181.

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Ovulation rate in the ewe is positively related to body condition score (Gunn, Doney and Smith, 1979). For optimum performance it has been recommended that ewes should be in body condition score 3.5 at mating (MLC. 1981). However excessive fatness (body condition score 3.5 and above) has been associated with a reduction in lambing performance as a consequence of increased embryo mortality (Rhind, Gunn, Doney and Leslie. 1984).Previous studies at the Scottish Agricultural College-Aberdeen (King and Mitchell. 1990) have demonstrated superior reproductive performance for twenty month old female breeding sheep (gimmers) which have bred successfully as ewe lambs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of body condition and breeding history (bred or unbred at eight months of age) on fecundity.

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Quillfeldt, Petra. „Seasonal and annual variation in the diet of breeding and non-breeding Wilson's storm-petrels on King George Island, South Shetland Islands“. Polar Biology 25, Nr. 3 (März 2002): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-001-0332-0.

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Zdunić, Zvonimir. „Competitive Business Strategy of a Public Breeding Institute“. Journal of Business and Economics 10, Nr. 12 (22.12.2019): 1246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/12.10.2019/011.

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Due to squeezed public budgets in both developing and developed countries, the governments’ policy often include privatization of public plant breeding institutes as a proposed solution to the problem. Since vast of commercial plant cultivars have been developed by conventional breeding techniques, the interest for acquiring such institutions raised over the last several decades. However, not much attention has been paid to developing competitive business strategy within the public Institutes so the customers and society may still benefit from the both its value proposition and public good. At the Osijek Agricultural Institute, Croatia, an early developed focus-and-customer-relationship competitive business strategy has always been a linchpin that could financially and technically underpin plant breeders’ education, development of new cultivars and improvement of plant science in the Pannonia region of southeastern Europe. Not less important, this kind of strategy that rely much on personal connection with the customers results better in both - their buying experience and our price positioning in the seed market. It seems that, besides pure transaction, the customers especially appreciate every contact that cannot be found online. Every improvement in this segment of customers’ captivity is crucial and therefore of utmost importance for keeping our business strategy competitive, sustainable and enhanced. The example of the Osijek Agricultural Institute that is presented in this paper shows that regardless of being for-profit entity such as a public owned or private research institute, knowledge on choosing and pursuing a proper business strategy is a point of paramount importance, i.e., it is the question of life or death for every kind of market oriented entity.

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Bingham, M. „The distribution, abundance and population trends of gentoo, rockhopper and king penguins in the Falkland Islands“. Oryx 32, Nr. 3 (Juli 1998): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-39.x.

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The Falkland Islands are a globally important breeding location for seabirds, including penguins. The total breeding populations of three of the four main penguin species present in the Falklands were censused in the austral summer of 1995/96. The results for gentoo and rockhopper penguins suggest declines of about 43 and 90 per cent, respectively, since a similar census in 1932/33. Recent monitoring studies suggest that these declines are still continuing; research to investigate causes (which is likely to reflect changes in the marine, rather than terrestrial environment) is a high priority. In contrast, king penguin populations, currently c. 400 pairs, have increased steadily, by 700 per cent since 1980/81, in line with world-wide trends for this species.

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Keddar, Ismaël, Charline Couchoux, Pierre Jouventin und F. Stephen Dobson. „Variation of mutual colour ornaments of king penguins in response to winter resource availability“. Behaviour 152, Nr. 12-13 (2015): 1679–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003299.

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We studied the influence of marine resources during a year of abundance and another of extreme scarcity, on sexually selected ornaments of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), a seabird with striking coloured ornaments in both sexes. Displaying birds started their breeding cycle with similar mean body mass each year, but both sexes had significantly larger yellow/orange auricular patches in the year of abundant resources. Colours of the auricular patches and breast were more pure in the good year, and both UV and yellow/orange colours of beak spots were brighter. Comparison of the mating process suggested lower levels of choosiness in both sexes during the unfavourable year, perhaps in order to pair more quickly and partly compensate for a marked delay in breeding initiation. Our results suggest that the expression of sexual traits may substantially vary under different environmental conditions, a predication of some models of mate choice and sexual selection.

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