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1
G, Farreras Ingrid, Hannaway Caroline 1943- und Harden Victoria Angela, Hrsg. Mind, brain, body, and behavior: Foundations of neuroscience and behavioral research at the National Institutes of Health. Amsterdam: IOS, 2004.
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Nakazawa, Donna Jackson. The last best cure: My quest to awaken the healing parts of my brain-- and get back my body, my joy, and my life. New York, N.Y: Hudson Street Press, 2013.
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Kamenskaya, Valentina, und Leonid Tomanov. The fractal-chaotic properties of cognitive processes: age. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1053569.
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In the monograph the literature information about the nature of stochastic processes and their participation in the work of the brain and human behavior. Established that the real cognitive processes and mental functions associated with the procedural side of external events and the stochastic properties of the internal dynamics of brain systems in the form of fluctuations of their parameters, including cardiac rhythm generation and sensorimotor reactions. Experimentally proved that the dynamics of the measured physiological processes is in the range from chaotic regime to a weakly deterministic — fractal mode. Fractal mode determines the maximum order and organization homeostasis of cognitive processes and States, as well as high adaptive ability of the body systems with fractal properties. The fractal-chaotic dynamics is a useful quality to examine the actual physiological and psychological systems - a unique numerical identification of the order and randomness of the processes through calculation of fractal indices. The monograph represents the results of many years of experimental studies of the reflection properties of stochastic sensorimotor reactions, as well as stochastic properties of heart rate in children, Teens and adults in the age aspect in the speech activity and the perception of different kinds of music with its own frequency-spectral structure.
Designed for undergraduates, graduate students and researchers that perform research and development on cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
4
Halse, Christine. Inside anorexia: Bringing together the stories of sufferers and their families. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2008.
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Engage 4 Learning : How to Increase Learning, Reset Mind-Body States and Engage Challenging Students Using the 4 Main Brain Systems. n/a, 2010.
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6
Social Neuroscience Gene Environment Brain Body. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
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7
Khalsa, Sahib S., und Justin S. Feinstein. The somatic error hypothesis of anxiety. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0008.
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A regulatory battle for control ensues in the central nervous system following a mismatch between the current physiological state of an organism as mapped in viscerosensory brain regions and the predicted body state as computed in visceromotor control regions. The discrepancy between the predicted and current body state (i.e. the “somatic error”) signals a need for corrective action, motivating changes in both cognition and behavior. This chapter argues that anxiety disorders are fundamentally driven by somatic errors that fail to be adaptively regulated, leaving the organism in a state of dissonance where the predicted body state is perpetually out of line with the current body state. Repeated failures to quell somatic error can result in long-term changes to interoceptive circuitry within the brain. This chapter explores the neuropsychiatric sequelae that can emerge following chronic allostatic dysregulation of somatic errors and discusses novel therapies that might help to correct this dysregulation.
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Kaye, Walter, und Alice V. Ely. Appetitive Regulation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Herausgegeben von W. Stewart Agras und Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.4.
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Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are complex disorders with dysregulated appetitive behaviors. The underlying causes of disturbed patterns of eating are unknown, but a growing body of research suggests that aberrant functioning of brain or peripheral systems may be responsible. Neuroimaging technologies, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI), can be used to explore whether there are perturbations of the monoamine systems, the neurocircuitry of gustatory processing in eating disorders, and their relationship to metabolic homeostatic states. Together, PET and fMRI data suggest that individuals with eating disorders have disturbance of taste- and reward-processing regions of the brain, which may contribute to eating disorder symptoms.
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Iversen, Leslie. The Science of Marijuana. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846848.001.0001.
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Marijuana (cannabis) is the most widely used recreational drug after nicotine and alcohol. This book reviews the rapidly growing body of scientific evidence on cannabis—how it works, the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the brain and body, and the opportunities for new medicines based on such knowledge. The regulation of cannabis use varies considerably throughout the world. This book reviews the rapid changes that have occurred in liberalizing the medical use of cannabis, and in some instances the full legalization of cannabis use, with an emphasis on events in the United States and Canada. The advantages and disadvantages of liberalizing the medical and recreational use of cannabis are discussed in a neutral manner, leaving the reader to decide.
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Schechter, Elizabeth. Self-Consciousness and "Split" Brains. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809654.001.0001.
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The largest fiber tract in the human brain is the corpus callosum, which connects the two cerebral hemispheres. A number of surgeries severing this structure were performed on adults in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. After they are surgically separated from each other in this way, a “split-brain” subject’s hemispheres begin to operate unusually independently of each other in the realms of perception, cognition, and the control of action—almost as if each had a mind of its own. But can a mere hemisphere really see? Speak? Feel? Know what it has done? The split-brain cases raise questions of psychological identity: How many subjects of experience are there within a split-brain subject? How many persons? How many minds? Under experimental conditions, split-brain subjects often act as though they were animated by two distinct conscious beings, evoking the duality intuition. On the other hand, a split-brain subject seems like one of us—not like two of us sharing one body. Split-brain subjects thus also evoke the unity intuition.This book is devoted to reconciling these two apparently opposing intuitions. The key to doing so are facts about the way self-consciousness operates in split-brain subjects. A split-brain subject is composed of two conscious psychological beings that fail to recognize each other’s existence and indeed cannot distinguish themselves from each other. Instead, each must first-personally identify with the split-brain subject as a whole, and in so doing, the two make themselves into one person.
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Wittmann, Marc, und Karin Meissner. The embodiment of time: How interoception shapes the perception of time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0004.
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Within the framework of the embodiment of time, this chapter presents accumulating evidence of how interoception and associated brain networks process time. Functional MRI studies have shown that climbing neural activation in the posterior insular cortex correlates with stimulus duration in a time-estimation task in the multiple-second range. Given the close connection between the insular cortex and ascending body signals, the authors suggest that the accumulation of physiological changes in body states is the basis for the subjective impression of duration. Psychophysiological findings reveal linearly increasing cardiac periods and decreasing skin-conductance levels during duration-estimation tasks in the multiple-second range. Accordingly, the feeling for the passage of time at the present moment is based on the perception of the bodily self.
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Zorea, Aharon W. Marijuana. Greenwood, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188421.
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<b>This book explores marijuana from a variety of angles, including its impacts on the brain and body, potential for abuse, and legal status. Relying on science rather than sensationalism, it answers young readers' most pressing questions about this controversial drug.</b> In 2022, medical marijuana is legal in 37 states and recreational marijuana is legal in 18, yet the drug remains illegal at the federal level. Public opinion on marijuana has changed substantially in the last 20 years, and today many young people view the drug as benign or even beneficial. But how exactly does marijuana affect the body and mind, and what are the potential risks of abuse or addiction? Books in Greenwood's <b>Q&A Health Guides</b> series follow a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readers' needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrate key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. Each book also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision-making.
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Post, Robert M. Depression as a Recurrent, Progressive Illness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0003.
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Clinical Highlights and summary of Chapter• Episodes of depression and bipolar illness progress in two ways:faster recurrences as a function of number of prior episodes, andgreater autonomy (decreased need for precipitation by stressors(Episode Sensitization)• Recurrent stressors result in increased reactivity to subsequent stressors(Stress sensitization) and bouts of stimulant abuse increase in severity with repetition(Stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization)• Each type of sensitization cross-sensitizes to the others and drives illness progression• Each type of sensitization involves specific memory-like epigenetic processes as well as nonspecific cellular toxicities• Childhood onset depression and bipolar illness have a more adverse course than adult onset illness and are increasing in incidence via a cohort (year of birth) effect• As opposed to genetic vulnerability, each type of sensitization can be prevented with appropriate clinical intervention and prevention, which should lessen illness severity and progression• Seeing depression and bipolar disorder as progressive illnesses changes the therapeutic emphasis away from acute treatment and instead to long term prophylaxis• Preventing recurrent depressions will likely protect the brain, the body, and the personWord count with Named refs = 6,417>Depression and bipolar disorder are illnesses which tend to progress with each new recurrence. Stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse each sensitize (show increased reactivity) upon their repetition and cross-sensitization to the others. These sensitization processes appear to have a memory-like and epigenetic basis, in some instances conveying lifelong increased vulnerability to illness recurrence and progression. Greater numbers of episodes are associated with faster recurrences, lesser need for stress precipitation, cognitive dysfunction, pathological changes in brain, treatment refractoriness, and loss of many years of life expectancy, predominantly from cardiovascular disease. Such a perspective emphasizes the need for greater awareness of higher incidence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in the United States compared to many European countries, and the need for earlier intervention and more sustained long term prophylaxis to prevent illness progression and its adverse consequences on brain and body.
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De Preester, Helena. Subjectivity as a sentient perspective and the role of interoception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0016.
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This chapter argues that the most basic form of subjectivity is different from and more fundamental than having a self, and forwards a hypothesis about the origin of subjectivity in terms of interoception. None of those topics are new, and a consensus concerning the homeostatic-interoceptive origin of subjectivity is rapidly growing in the domains of the neurosciences and psychology. This chapter critically explores that growing consensus, and it argues that the idea that the brain topographically represents bodily states is unfit for thinking about the coming about of subjectivity. In the first part, four inherent characteristics of subjectivity are discussed from a philosophical phenomenological point of view. The second part explores whether a model of subjectivity in which interoception maintains its crucial role is possible without relying on topographical representations of the in-depth body, and giving due to the inherent characteristics of subjectivity.
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Scott, Gini Graham. The Science of Living Longer. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216011798.
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This thought-provoking book looks at humanity's quest for immortality and examines the latest research on extending one's life and possibly living forever, presenting an overview of technological innovations such as cryonics, cell rejuvenation, organ transplants, using an exoskeleton, and brain transplants. With the seemingly limitless potential of 21st-century technology, the chance of human immortality being an actual possibility rather than a science fiction concept is tantalizingly close. And with this increased possibility of achieving immortality, a growing community of people interested in immortality has formed worldwide. Organizations dedicated to great extension of human life now exist, focusing on technologies that reverse the damage caused by aging, transfer human consciousness to an artificial body, or cryogenically freeze those who hope to be brought back to life when technology to revive the body without cellular damage is developed. The Science of Living Longer: Developments in Life Extension Technology provides a fascinating look at the current state of the scientific research on how people can live significantly longer―and possibly even forever. The book begins with an introductory section on the historical efforts to achieve immortality in Western and other cultures. Following chapters investigate different strands of research toward the common objective of achieving a longer life or even immortality. Other chapters address topics such as the health, wellness, and fitness movement designed to help individuals live longer; the biological methods―such as cell rejuvenation―designed to defeat aging; and the use of technology to provide an exoskeleton as body parts age or to download the brain into a computer or other body. Each chapter also suggests steps an individual can take to live longer, too.
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Zietse, Robert, und Ewout Hoorn. Approach to the patient with hypernatraemia. Herausgegeben von Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0029_update_001.
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Hypernatraemia is much less common than hyponatraemia, and its prevalence is higher in certain populations, including children, the elderly, and critically ill patients. A common feature is that patients affected have been unable to drink water to correct the disorder. Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia are both primarily disorders of water balance. Hypernatraemia is caused by a relative deficit of total body water in comparison to total body sodium. Both disorders are often associated with disturbances in the hormone governing water balance, arginine vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). Hypernatraemia may be due to an inability to secrete vasopressin or a resistance to its actions in the kidney. The diagnostic approach relies on the assessment of the time of development, symptoms, and volume status, along with laboratory parameters such as urine sodium and urine osmolality. If hypernatraemia develop acutely, treatment should be directed towards counteracting the water shift to or from brain cells. In more chronic cases, treatment should be directed to the underlying cause while avoiding overcorrection.
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Gipson, Tanjala T., Andrea Poretti, Rebecca McClellan und Michael V. Johnston. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0050.
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Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a disease, commonly classified as a neurocutaneous disorder, which may result in benign tumors throughout the brain and body, skin lesions, epilepsy, and cognitive/behavioral difficulties. Scientific discovery in TSC has resulted in the availability of treatments designed to target the neurobiological core of TSC in children. However, research is needed to determine if these treatments are effective for multiple aspects of the TSC phenotype in children. Current pediatric research studies have focused on the effects of early treatment of epilepsy as well as identification of potential biomarkers. This chapter reviews the aspects of TSC unique to pediatric patients, the status of current research, and future directions.
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Anderson, Miranda, und Michael Wheeler, Hrsg. Distributed Cognition in Medieval and Renaissance Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474438131.001.0001.
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This collection brings together 14 essays by international specialists in medieval and Renaissance culture and provides a general and a period-specific introduction to distributed cognition and the cognitive humanities. The essays revitalise our reading of medieval and Renaissance works in the fields of literature, philosophy, art, music, law, science, medicine and material culture, by bringing to bear recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind on the ways in which cognition is distributed across brain, body and world. This volume explores how medieval and Renaissance practices and ideas make evident earlier expressions of distributed cognition. As many of the texts and practices have influenced later Western European societies and cultures, this book reveals vital stages in the historical development of our attempts to comprehend and optimise the distributed nature of cognition.
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Pizzato, Mark. Beast-People Onscreen and in Your Brain. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400617065.
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A new take on our bio-cultural evolution explores how the “inner theatre” of the brain and its “animal-human stages” are reflected in and shaped by the mirror of cinema. Vampire, werewolf, and ape-planet films are perennial favorites-perhaps because they speak to something primal in human nature. This intriguing volume examines such films in light of the latest developments in neuroscience, revealing ways in which animal-human monster movies reflect and affect what we naturally imagine in our minds. Examining specific films as well as early cave images, the book discusses how certain creatures on rock walls and movie screens express animal-to-human evolution and the structures of our brains. The book presents a new model of the human brain with its theatrical, cinematic, and animal elements. It also develops a theory of “rasa-catharsis” as the clarifying of emotions within and between spectators of the stage or screen, drawing on Eastern and Western aesthetics as well as current neuroscience. It focuses on the “inner movie theater” of memories, dreams, and reality representations, involving developmental stages, as well as the “hall of mirrors,” ape-egos, and body-swapping identifications between human beings. Finally, the book shows how ironic twists onscreen-especially of contradictory emotions-might evoke a reappraisal of feelings, helping spectators to be more attentive to their own impulses. Through this interdisciplinary study, scholars, artists, and general readers will find a fresh way to understand the potential for interactive mindfulness and yet cathartic backfire between human brains-in cinema, in theater, and in daily life.
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Hanson, Robin. The Age of Em. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754626.001.0001.
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Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like? Many think the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or ems. Scan a human brain, then run a model with the same connections on a fast computer, and you have a robot brain, but recognizably human. Train an em to do some job and copy it a million times: an army of workers is at your disposal. When they can be made cheaply, within perhaps a century, ems will displace humans in most jobs. In this new economic era, the world economy may double in size every few weeks. Some say we can't know the future, especially following such a disruptive new technology, but Professor Robin Hanson sets out to prove them wrong. Applying decades of expertise in physics, computer science, and economics, he uses standard theories to paint a detailed picture of a world dominated by ems. While human lives don't change greatly in the em era, em lives are as different from ours as our lives are from those of our farmer and forager ancestors. Ems make us question common assumptions of moral progress, because they reject many of the values we hold dear. Read about em mind speeds, body sizes, job training and career paths, energy use and cooling infrastructure, virtual reality, aging and retirement, death and immortality, security, wealth inequality, religion, teleportation, identity, cities, politics, law, war, status, friendship and love. This book shows you just how strange your descendants may be, though ems are no stranger than we would appear to our ancestors. To most ems, it seems good to be an em.
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Yaden, David B., und Andrew Newberg. The Varieties of Spiritual Experience. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665678.001.0001.
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Abstract Spiritual experiences have occurred in people around the world and throughout history, up to and including the present day. The founders of every major religion described them, philosophers since the ancient Greeks have pondered them, and according to recent Gallup polls, about 30% of people in the United States and the United Kingdom still report them. A century ago, in The Varieties of Religious Experience, philosopher and psychologist William James famously analyzed accounts of these experiences and raised questions for future scientific study. What triggers these events? How are the brain and body affected? How do these brief moments have such lasting effects? Now, modern science has some answers. This book, The Varieties of Spiritual Experience: Twenty-First Century Research and Perspectives explores scientific breakthroughs on spiritual experiences from the fields of psychology and neuroscience. Readers are invited into laboratories around the world to learn about the methods scientists use to study these elusive yet profound inner events. Survey questions included throughout the book allow readers to discover how scientists would classify various experiences. The book also features examples of spiritual experiences drawn from a diverse set of personal accounts. For many people, spiritual experiences rank alongside marriage and childbirth as among life’s most meaningful moments—this book builds on William James’s theoretical foundation and provides the basis for a scientifically informed contemporary understanding of these profound and mysterious experiences.
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Crum, Brian A., Eduardo E. Benarroch und Robert D. Brown. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Anatomical Involvement. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0523.
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Neurological disorders of the brain, spine, and peripheral nervous system are examined. Symptoms and signs related to disorders of the cerebral cortex may lead to alterations in cognition and consciousness. Unilateral neurologic symptoms involving a single neurologic symptom commonly localize to the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities of speech and language are localized to the dominant cerebral hemisphere, whereas abnormalities of the nondominant hemisphere may lead to visuospatial deficits, confusion, or neglect of the contralateral side of the body. The hypothalamus is important in many functions that affect everyday steady-state conditions, including temperature regulation, hunger, water regulation, sleep, endocrine functions, cardiovascular functions, and regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Cortical and subcortical abnormalities may also lead to visual system deficits, usually homonymous visual defects of the contralateral visual field. Sensory levels, signs of anterior horn cell involvement, and long-tract signs in the posterior columns or corticospinal tract suggest a spinal cord lesion.
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Tsakiris, Manos, und Helena De Preester, Hrsg. The Interoceptive Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.001.0001.
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This volume focuses on the role of interoception for mental life and lived experience, from the perspectives of neurosciences, psychological sciences, and philosophy. Interoception is the body-to-brain axis of signals originating from the internal body and visceral organs (such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, hormonal, and circulatory systems), and plays a unique role in ensuring homeostasis. This volume goes beyond the traditional role of interoception for homeostasis and offers a state-of-the-art overview of and new insights into the role of interoception for mental life, awareness, subjectivity, affect, and cognition. Structured across three parts, this multidisciplinary volume highlights the role that interoceptive signals and awareness thereof play in our mental life (Part I), considers deficits in interoceptive processing and awareness in various mental health conditions but also the equally important role of interoception for well-being (Part II), and approaches interoception from a theoretical and philosophical perspective, representing a highly novel departure for philosophy of mind and subjectivity (Part III). The chapters share a common concern for what it means to experience oneself, for the crucial role of emotions, and for issues of health and well-being, discussed on the joint basis of our bodily existence and interoception. The research presented here will hopefully accelerate the much-anticipated coming of age of interoceptive research in psychology, cognitive neurosciences, and philosophy.
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Schlieter, Jens. What Is It Like To Be Dead? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888848.001.0001.
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This book offers a modern genealogy of “near-death experiences,” outlining the important functions of these experiences in the religious field of Western modernity. Emerging as autobiographical narratives in the legacy of Christian deathbed visions, narratives of near-death experiences were used in Western religious metacultures (Christian, Esoteric, and Spiritualist–Occult) as substantial proof for the survival of death. In its historical part, the study demonstrates how certain features of near-death experiences, for example, the panoramic life review or autoscopic out-of-body-experiences, emerged in Occult and Esoteric circles in the 19th and 20th centuries, experimenting with astral projection, drugs, and “clairvoyant” states. It was only in the 1970s, however, that Raymond Moody, popularizing the generic term “near-death experience” that had been introduced by John C. Lilly, could declare the different features to be elements of a single phenomenon. Other factors that paved the way were discussions on “brain death,” coma, and the increase of hospitalized dying, the crisis of traditional religious institutions in the 1960s and early 1970s, and the claim of individual religious experiences. In its systematic part, the study discusses the religious relevance of these experiences for the experiencers themselves, but also for the growing audience of such testimonies. These functions encompass ontological, epistemic, intersubjective, and moral aspects. Most central is the reassurance that in modernity, religious experience is still possible, and that near-death experiences may initiate a new spiritual orientation in life. In addition, they are held to offer evidence for the transcultural validity of afterlife visions.
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Hilsabeck, Robin C., und Gayle Y. Ayers, Hrsg. Dementia. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197690024.001.0001.
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Abstract Adults aged 65 and older are the fastest-growing segment of the United States population. This increase in older adults will result in a greater number of individuals with age-related neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s, vascular disease, and frontotemporal lobular degeneration. The purpose of this book is to provide trainees and early career professionals, particularly in psychiatry, psychology, neurology, geriatrics, family medicine, and internal medicine, with the information necessary to care for the often complex clinical presentations of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The book is organized into three sections: (I) Core Concepts, (II) Dementia Syndromes, and (III) Disease Management. The chapters in Section I focus on clinical knowledge and skills that can be applied across all syndromes, including conducting the diagnostic interview and neurologic examination, frequently used cognitive screening measures, neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, and developing differential diagnoses. Chapters in Section II review the most common syndromes: mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, frontotemporal lobular degeneration, Lewy body and Parkinson plus syndromes, rare and rapidly progressive dementias, and dementia due to other medical conditions that may present in older adults (e.g., traumatic brain injury, hypothyroidism). Each chapter in Section II covers epidemiology, neuropathology, biomarkers, genetics (as applicable), clinical signs and symptoms (e.g., cognitive, emotional/behavioral, and motor features), and provides at least one illustrative case. Section III presents the latest evidence-based interventions, from risk management to pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. Safety considerations, legal issues, palliative and advanced care planning, and attending to caregivers are also addressed.
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Leong, Elaine, Laurence Totelin, Iona McCleery, Elaine Leong, Lisa Wynne Smith, Jonathan Reinarz, Todd Meyers, Claudia Stein und Claudia Stein, Hrsg. A Cultural History of Medicine in the Renaissance. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206730.
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Since the ‘cultural turn’ of the 1980s the history of Renaissance medicine has been radically transformed, with older narratives stood on their head as concepts and categories for research have been re-thought. At the core of this change – for the period now familiarly referred to (not insignificantly) as ‘early modern’ – stands an epistemological reconsideration of the production of natural knowledge, and of power in relation to the core of medicine’s subject, the human body. Additionally, at issue are the origins of modernity itself. Building on the foundations of this historiographical transformation, the essays in this volume elaborate, refine and challenge what are now standard interpretations in the study of medicine and the body in the early modern period. They broaden the scope of study through exploration of the contact zones between European knowledges and practices with other indigenous cultures. They draw attention to the riches of early modern material and visual culture as they take stock of how key epistemological notions for the study and practice of medicine, such as ‘experience’ and ‘authority’, were shaped and redefined. Moreover, essays on such topics as food, animals, environment, and mind and brain demonstrate how the cultural turn has revived and given new urgency to themes long central to the study of sickness and health. Wetting appetites and distilling the recent past, these essays work collectively to remind readers that the ‘cultural turn’ is far from over.
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Cangelosi, Angelo, und Minoru Asada, Hrsg. Cognitive Robotics. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13780.001.0001.
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The current state of the art in cognitive robotics, covering the challenges of building AI-powered intelligent robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. A novel approach to building AI-powered intelligent robots takes inspiration from the way natural cognitive systems—in humans, animals, and biological systems—develop intelligence by exploiting the full power of interactions between body and brain, the physical and social environment in which they live, and phylogenetic, developmental, and learning dynamics. This volume reports on the current state of the art in cognitive robotics, offering the first comprehensive coverage of building robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. Contributors first provide a systematic definition of cognitive robotics and a history of developments in the field. They describe in detail five main approaches: developmental, neuro, evolutionary, swarm, and soft robotics. They go on to consider methodologies and concepts, treating topics that include commonly used cognitive robotics platforms and robot simulators, biomimetic skin as an example of a hardware-based approach, machine-learning methods, and cognitive architecture. Finally, they cover the behavioral and cognitive capabilities of a variety of models, experiments, and applications, looking at issues that range from intrinsic motivation and perception to robot consciousness. Cognitive Robotics is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience, balancing technical details and examples for the computational reader with theoretical and experimental findings for the empirical scientist.
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Sinor, Jennifer. The Yogic Writer. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350371996.
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Fusing the craft of writing and the philosophy and practice of yoga, The Yogic Writer charts a path to the heart of your creativity through the practice of yogic breathing, somatic exercises and meditations. With the tyranny of outcomes and product paralysing writers in this modern world, Jennifer Sinor summons her 30 years or experience teaching creative writing and yoga to guide your focus back to process, to discover your inner landscape and how writing, when undertaken with intention, transforms our creative potential. A call to sit within the mess and to not have all the answers, this book directs you to seek inspiration from within the body, to recognise it as a vessel, vehicle and teacher that generates knowledge and ideas separate from the cognitive brain. Connecting craft with the body throughout, it maps notions of writing - creating space for ideas and intentions, drafting, revision and sitting in sites of possibility and potential – onto the four stages of breath. Less curriculum and more contemplation through insights offered in brief essays, Sinor meets writers at the point of need, offering practical craft advice whilst meditating on deeper subjects being pursued: how to look, who is really writing, and how to listen to our bodies. With ideas owed to ancient wisdoms, knowledge informing creative writing pedagogy and composition, and Sinor’s own experience, The Yogic Writer offers a unique, alternative approach to finding creativity that forsakes external validation for internal knowledge and experimentation. Inspirational, affirmational and personal, this book is for anyone seeking permission to embody the life of a writer that they already know, deep down, to be theirs.
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Maller, Doreen, und Kathy Langsam, Hrsg. The Praeger Handbook of Mental Health and the Aging Community. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216000266.
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A comprehensive book written by experienced practitioners, this single-volume work describes clinical competencies, specific challenges, and applications in providing services to the elderly and their caregivers. More people are living past age 65 than ever before in the United States, largely due to medical care advances and increased attention to preventive care. The number of people aged 65 and older has increased from 35 million in 2000 to 40 million in 2010, and the elderly population is expected to reach 72 million by 2030. Additionally, the American Psychological Association estimates at least 20 percent of all people aged 65 and older have a diagnosable mental disorder. There is a clear need to provide additional training support to those in the field of elder care as well as those who are friends or family members of older adults. Written by a team of experts each specializing in an aspect of elder care, The Praeger Handbook of Mental Health and the Aging Community is a single-volume text that addresses the training needs of mental health care providers serving the aging population. It offers holistic and integrated models of care after presenting an in-depth explanation of the brain, body, social, and emotional changes across aging that can trigger psychological disorders. The chapters pay attention to issues of diversity and culture in America's aging population; present an integrated care model to serve all of the needs of mentally ill elders; include numerous case studies to demonstrate how approaches can be utilized; and discuss topics such as disability, poverty, and the legal and ethical ramifications of elder care.
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Merrill, Deborah M. Mastering Menopause. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400683497.
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Interviews with and case studies of women in the U.S., accompanied by research in this text, show how our perceptions, thoughts, and spiritual practices can help women through menopause without drugs and their potential side effects. More and more women today are seeking natural ways to cope with menopause, including through mindfulness techniques and Eastern practices such as meditation. Women of various races, ages, and socioeconomic status interviewed at length for this study explain their experiences, victories, and setbacks in their quests to overcome this natural but body- and brain-altering change. Complementing findings from her research with wider outside research, author Deborah Merrill explains how popular culture depictions, race, class, and education all alter women's perceptions of the meaning of menopause, and how those perceptions can complicate, exacerbate, or alleviate physical and psychological symptoms. She details the "medical view" that views menopause as a problem to be solved, rather than as a natural event. And, through women's words and case studies, she details psychospiritual approaches many are adopting to cope, instead of seeking potentially harmful medicines. Readers will find new insights, wisdom, and potential solutions in the array of voices, experiences, and paths taken and presented in this book.
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Wójcik-Gładysz, Anna. Ghrelin – hormone with many faces. Central regulation and therapy. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_awg_2020.
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Discovered in 1999, ghrelin, is one of the peptides co-creating the hypothalamicgastrointestinal axis, otherwise known as the brain-gut axis. Ghrelin participates in many physiological processes and spectrum of its activity is still being discovered. This 28 amino acid peptide ‒ a product of the ghrl gene, was found in all vertebrates and is synthesized and secreted mainly from enteroendocrine X/A cells located in the gastric mucosa of the stomach. Expression of the ghrelin receptor has been found in many nuclei of the hypothalamus involved in appetite regulation. Therefore it’s presumed that ghrelin is one of the crucial hormones deciphering the energy status required for the maintenance of organism homeostasis. Ghrelin acts as a signal of starvation or energy insufficiency and its level in plasma is reduced after the meal. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP; NPY/AgRP) neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) area are the main target of ghrelin in the hypothalamus. This subpopulation of neurons is indispensable for inducing orexigenic action of ghrelin. Moreover ghrelin acting as a neurohormone, mainly in the hypothalamus area, plays an important role in the regulation of growth and reproduction processes. Indeed, ghrelin action on reproductive processes has been observed in the systemic effects exerted at both hypothalamus-pituitary and gonadal levels. Similarly the GH-releasing ghrelin action was observed both on the hypothalamus level and directly on the somatotrophic cells in the pituitary and this dose-related GH releasing activity was found in in vitro as well as in in vivo experiments. In recent years, numerous studies revealed that ghrelin potentially takes part in the treatment of diseases associated with serious disturbances in the organism energy balance and/or functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It was underlined that ghrelin may be a hormone with a broad spectrum of therapeutic effect on obesity and anorexia nervosa, as well as may also have protective effect on neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders or functional changes in the body caused by cancers. In overall, ghrelin treatment has been tested in over 100 preclinical studies with healthy volunteers as well as patients with various types of cancer, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It was observed that ghrelin has an excellent clinical safety profile and emerging side effects occurred only in 3–10% of patients and did not constitute a sufficient premise to discontinue the therapy. In general, it can be concluded that ghrelin may be sufficiently used as a prescription drug.
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Halse, Christine, Anne Honey und Desiree Boughtwood. Inside Anorexia: The Experiences of Girls and Their Families. Kingsley Publishers, Jessica, 2007.
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