Thematische Bibliographien / Brain blood-based biomarkers

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Brain blood-based biomarkers“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 15. Januar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Brain blood-based biomarkers"

Song, Weichen, Weidi Wang, Zhe Liu, Wenxiang Cai, Shunying Yu, Min Zhao und Guan Ning Lin. „A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cross-Omics Blood-Based Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Disorders“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, Nr. 12 (24.11.2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121247.

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The identification of peripheral multi-omics biomarkers of brain disorders has long been hindered by insufficient sample size and confounder influence. This study aimed to compare biomarker potential for different molecules and diseases. We leveraged summary statistics of five blood quantitative trait loci studies (N = 1980 to 22,609) and genome-wide association studies (N = 9725 to 500,199) from 14 different brain disorders, such as Schizophrenia (SCZ) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We applied summary-based and two-sample Mendelian Randomization to estimate the associations between blood molecules and brain disorders. We identified 524 RNA, 807 methylation sites, 29 proteins, seven cytokines, and 22 metabolites having a significant association with at least one of 14 brain disorders. Simulation analyses indicated that a cross-omics combination of biomarkers had better performance for most disorders, and different disorders could associate with different omics. We identified an 11-methylation-site model for SCZ diagnosis (Area Under Curve, AUC = 0.74) by analyzing selected candidate markers in published datasets (total N = 6098). Moreover, we constructed an 18-methylation-sites model that could predict the prognosis of elders with mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 2.32). We provided an association landscape between blood cross-omic biomarkers and 14 brain disorders as well as a suggestion guide for future clinical discovery and application.

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Marrugo-Ramírez, Jose, Montserrat Rodríguez-Núñez, M. Pilar Marco, Mónica Mir und Josep Samitier. „Kynurenic Acid Electrochemical Immunosensor: Blood-Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease“. Biosensors 11, Nr. 1 (12.01.2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11010020.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a functional deterioration of the brain. Currently, there are selected biomarkers for its diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid. However, its extraction has several disadvantages for the patient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a detection method using sensitive and selective blood-based biomarkers. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a potential biomarker candidate for this purpose. The alteration of the KYNA levels in blood has been related with inflammatory processes in the brain, produced as a protective function when neurons are damaged. This paper describes a novel electrochemical immunosensor for KYNA detection, based on successive functionalization multi-electrode array. The resultant sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The proposed biosensor detects KYNA within a linear calibration range from 10 pM to 100 nM using CA and EIS, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 16.9 pM and 37.6 pM in buffer, respectively, being the lowest reported LOD for this biomarker. Moreover, to assess our device closer to the real application, the developed immunosensor was also tested under human serum matrix, obtaining an LOD of 391.71 pM for CA and 278.8 pM for EIS with diluted serum.

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Long, Jintao, Genhua Pan, Emmanuel Ifeachor, Robert Belshaw und Xinzhong Li. „Discovery of Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease from Blood“. Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4250480.

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Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease would be very valuable because blood is a more accessible biofluid and is suitable for repeated sampling. However, currently there are no robust and reliable blood-based biomarkers for practical diagnosis. In this study we used a knowledge-based protein feature pool and two novel support vector machine embedded feature selection methods to find panels consisting of two and three biomarkers. We validated these biomarker sets using another serum cohort and an RNA profile cohort from the brain. Our panels included the proteins ECH1, NHLRC2, HOXB7, FN1, ERBB2, and SLC6A13 and demonstrated promising sensitivity (>87%), specificity (>91%), and accuracy (>89%).

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Schnakers, Caroline, Emily Rosario, Kathleen Weaver und Vanessa Morales. „Blood-based Biomarkers of Late Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury“. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 99, Nr. 11 (November 2018): e130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.08.009.

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Rosario, Emily R., Vanessa Morales, Caroline Schnakers und Kathleen Weaver. „Blood-Based Biomarkers of Late Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury“. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 99, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2018): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.008.

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Kong, Qianqian, Xinxin Xie, Ziyue Wang, Yi Zhang, Xirui Zhou, Lingshan Wu, Zhiyuan Yu, Hao Huang und Xiang Luo. „Correlations of Plasma Biomarkers and Imaging Characteristics of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease“. Brain Sciences 14, Nr. 3 (12.03.2024): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030269.

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Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which is a group of pathological processes affecting cerebral microvessels, leads to functional loss in the elderly population and mostly presents as cognitive impairment and gait decline. CSVD is diagnosed based on brain imaging biomarkers, but blood biomarkers are of great significance for the early diagnosis and progression prediction of CSVD and have become a research focus because of their noninvasiveness and easy accessibility. Notably, many blood biomarkers have been reported to be associated with CSVD in a relatively large population, particularly serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), which has been regarded as a promising biomarker to track the variation trend in WMH and to predict the further status of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunar infarcts. And neuro-glio-vascular unit structure and blood–brain barrier function have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of CSVD. The article starts from the neuroimaging markers of CSVD, including recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), cerebral atrophy, and the combined small vessel disease score, and attempts to systematically review and summarize the research progress regarding the blood biomarkers of CSVD that form the changes in the neuro-glio-vascular unit structure and blood–brain barrier function.

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Halicki, Michal J., Karen Hind und Paul L. Chazot. „Blood-Based Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Research to Date and Future Directions“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 16 (08.08.2023): 12556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612556.

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease consistently associated with repetitive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), which makes multiple professions, such as contact sports athletes and the military, especially susceptible to its onset. There are currently no approved biomarkers to diagnose CTE, thus it can only be confirmed through a post-mortem brain autopsy. Several imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have shown promise in the diagnosis. However, blood-based biomarkers can be more easily obtained and quantified, increasing their clinical feasibility and potential for prophylactic use. This article aimed to comprehensively review the studies into potential blood-based biomarkers of CTE, discussing common themes and limitations, as well as suggesting future research directions. While the interest in blood-based biomarkers of CTE has recently increased, the research is still in its early stages. The main issue for many proposed biomarkers is their lack of selectivity for CTE. However, several molecules, such as different phosphorylated tau isoforms, were able to discern CTE from different neurodegenerative diseases. Further, the results from studies on exosomal biomarkers suggest that exosomes are a promising source of biomarkers, reflective of the internal environment of the brain. Nonetheless, more longitudinal studies combining imaging, neurobehavioral, and biochemical approaches are warranted to establish robust biomarkers for CTE.

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Rauchman, Steven H., Aaron Pinkhasov, Shelly Gulkarov, Dimitris G. Placantonakis, Joshua De Leon und Allison B. Reiss. „Maximizing the Clinical Value of Blood-Based Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury“. Diagnostics 13, Nr. 21 (28.10.2023): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213330.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussion can have serious consequences that develop over time with unpredictable levels of recovery. Millions of concussions occur yearly, and a substantial number result in lingering symptoms, loss of productivity, and lower quality of life. The diagnosis may not be made for multiple reasons, including due to patient hesitancy to undergo neuroimaging and inability of imaging to detect minimal damage. Biomarkers could fill this gap, but the time needed to send blood to a laboratory for analysis made this impractical until point-of-care measurement became available. A handheld blood test is now on the market for diagnosis of concussion based on the specific blood biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1). This paper discusses rapid blood biomarker assessment for mild TBI and its implications in improving prediction of TBI course, avoiding repeated head trauma, and its potential role in assessing new therapeutic options. Although we focus on the Abbott i-STAT TBI plasma test because it is the first to be FDA-cleared, our discussion applies to any comparable test systems that may become available in the future. The difficulties in changing emergency department protocols to include new technology are addressed.

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Shearon, Jennifer, Baylie Rushing, Madeleine Love und Denise Head. „BLOOD-BASED CARDIAC BIOMARKERS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS“. Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (Dezember 2024): 1081–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3475.

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Abstract Mixed findings regarding effects of physical activity on the brain in later adulthood motivate further research into mechanisms and moderators of potential effects. Cardiovascular health could be part of a mechanistic pathway and/or a moderator of physical activity effects. While there are myriad indicators of cardiovascular health, blood-based cardiac markers may prove particularly sensitive. One goal of this study was to investigate associations of two blood-based markers of cardiovascular health with physical activity/cardiorespiratory fitness. The second aim was to examine the moderating effect of cardiac biomarkers in associations of physical activity/fitness with neurotrophins, considered molecular mechanisms of physical activity effects, as well as with hippocampal volumes. Cognitively normal participants in the Knight ADRC Adult Children Study (n=56, ages 43-85) completed a blood draw for assessment of cardiac biomarkers (high sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide) and neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor). Composites were created for cardiac biomarkers and for neurotrophins. Participants completed a submaximal exercise test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness and wore an actigraphy watch for seven days, from which a physical activity composite score was created. Hippocampal volumes were from the most recent MRI scan. Higher physical activity was associated with lower levels of cardiac biomarkers (p=0.03). There was no moderating effect of cardiac biomarkers on associations between physical activity and neurotrophin levels (p=0.74) or physical activity and hippocampal volumes (p=0.24). Blood-based cardiac biomarkers may be useful for considering mechanistic associations between physical activity and cardiovascular health in larger samples.

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Reddy, Doodipala Samba, und Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne. „Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 19 (03.10.2022): 11734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911734.

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This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Brain blood-based biomarkers"

Schulte, Stefanie [Verfasser]. „The influence of physical activity on the blood-based biomarker S100B: implications for the assessment of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury / Stefanie Schulte“. Köln : Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1070826693/34.

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Ahmad, Abeda Hanif Haji. „Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease – an in vitro proof of concept“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/86433.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the main cause of dementia, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, being one of the great healthcare challenges of the 21st century. It is characterized by the imbalance between the production and clearance of Amyloid-β (Aβ) species, being neuronal death caused by its accumulation. Structured Aβ oligomers are viewed as more toxic than fibrils, existing in two isoforms, leading to distinct toxicity profiles. Advances in drug targeting to the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial, since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is selective, limiting drug penetration. Therefore, cell-translocating peptides (CTPs), like PepH3, that effectively translocates the BBB, are a promising tool. Aiming to be tested as diagnosis tools to detect toxic Aβ42 oligomers, PepH3 was coupled to a therapeutic single-domain antibody (sdAb) anti-Aβ42, creating VLx-PepH3 and VHH-PepH3. First, oligomers were produced as 14 kDa tetramers, showcasing a heterogeneous size distribution. Aβ42 took 10 hours to reach equilibrium plateau, having a t50 of 6.45±0.32h. The produced oligomers showed toxicity towards bEnd.3 cells, having an IC50 of 8.65±1.41 µM. Secondly, therapeutic effect was evaluated. VHH-PepH3 was efficient in both disturbing Aβ42’s aggregation, reducing t50 to 6.39±0.35h, and protecting bEnd.3 cells against Aβ42-induced toxicity. Whereas VLx-PepH3 significantly protected bEnd.3 cells, but didn’t inhibit Aβ42’s aggregation, increasing t50 to 6.93±0.12h. Binding affinity to Aβ42 was determined by ELISA and SPR, demonstrating that VHH-PepH3 had a higher affinity with a KD of 14.2 nM whilst VLx-PepH3 was weakly bound to the oligomers, having a KD of 230 000 nM. Concerning BBB translocation, VLx-PepH3 translocated at 5 and 24 hours, 20.06%±19.01 and 44.15%±24.41, respectively, whilst VHH-PepH3 was unable to cross it. To be implemented as a diagnosis tool, VLx-PepH3 should accomplish reversible translocation through the BBB, which wasn’t corroborated through the experiments. Thus, both molecules need further development for their application in AD’s diagnosis.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Brain blood-based biomarkers"

Mondello, S., A. I. R. Maas und A. Buki. „Clinical Utility of Blood-Based Protein Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury“. In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, 317–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51908-1_26.

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Blennow, Kaj, und Henrik Zetterberg. „The Neurochemistry of Alzheimer’s Disease: One of the Most Common Causes of Reduced Capability in the Adult Population“. In International Perspectives on Aging, 81–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_7.

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AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterised by the triad of amyloid plaques, tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Except for a strong association with the susceptibility gene, specifically the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, the pathogenesis of the most common age-related sporadic form of AD is largely unknown. However, several genetic and environmental risk factors have been proposed. A potential problem is that most population-based studies on AD risk-profiling have not used biomarkers reflecting amyloid and tau pathology to classify patients and controls. Given the complex pathophysiology of late-onset AD and the difficulties in correctly diagnosing AD on purely clinical grounds, this introduces a risk of misclassification of both control subjects and clinically diagnosed AD cases. Importantly, in recent years, there has been a very successful development of blood biomarkers for AD pathophysiologies, including brain amyloidosis (amyloid β ratio), tau pathology (phosphorylated tau) and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light). Numerous studies have shown these biomarkers to correlate with amyloid and tau pathology load evaluated by PET and with MRI measures of neurodegeneration, and to predict future cognitive decline. The employment of blood biomarkers in epidemiological studies may foster an understanding of which and how specifically lifestyle risk factors are linked to AD, and repeated blood sampling in intervention trials may provide evidence as to whether controlling lifestyle factors may affect specific AD pathophysiologies.

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Bhomia, Manish, Nagaraja S. Balakathiresan, Kevin K. W. Wang und Barbara Knollmann-Ritschel. „MicroRNA Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury“. In Neurotrauma, herausgegeben von Lijun Bai, Shan Wang und Chuanzhu Sun, 261–68. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190279431.003.0022.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently considered one of the major causes of disability and death worldwide. The cellular and molecular changes of TBI pathology are dynamic and complex in nature. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Several studies have shown a critical role of miRNAs in the development of long- and short-term TBI pathology. Circulating miRNAs are of great interest as blood-based biomarkers in TBI diagnosis. In this chapter, the authors review recent reports that aim to understand the role of miRNAs in TBI pathophysiology and their potential use as a therapeutic target. Additionally, the authors discuss the potential use of miRNAs as blood-based diagnostic markers for TBI and their possible association with other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Panwar, Deepak, Parul Sharma, Shweta Sharma, Manoj Malik und Jaspreet Kaur. „Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease“. In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 51–94. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6442-0.ch003.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. As the most common form of dementia, AD affects millions of individuals worldwide and poses significant challenges for diagnosis and management. Early and accurate detection of AD is critical for effective intervention and management, which has led to increasing interest in identifying and utilizing biomarkers. Biomarkers for AD include neuroimaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, and blood-based markers. Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are instrumental in visualizing structural and functional changes in the brain associated with AD. CSF biomarkers, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau proteins, provide valuable insights into the pathological processes underlying the disease. Recent advancements in blood-based biomarkers offer promising non-invasive alternatives for early detection.

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Goldwaser, Eric L., und Robert G. Nagele. „Potential of Blood- and CSF-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostics“. In Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment, 375–406. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634230.003.0016.

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Currently, a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) depends on some combination of the expression of telltale symptoms, patterns of performance obtained from neuropsychological tests, and brain imaging. Recognition that AD-related pathology can be ongoing for as much as a decade prior to the appearance of symptoms is the impetus behind a tremendous research effort aimed at identifying and developing biomarkers for AD that are linked to pathology and can be used for early disease screening, early diagnosis, and disease monitoring. The long list of recent failures of AD clinical trials has increased the intensity of the search for biomarkers that would make possible early detection and earlier enrollment into clinical trials, hopefully increasing the chances of a successful outcome. This chapter reviews progress along these lines, with emphasis on highlighting the various biomarkers found in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid that are relevant to the early pathology of AD.

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M.B. Momin, Sheikh, Antonio Belli und Philip J. O’Halloran. „Novel Techniques in the Assessment of Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury“. In Concussion - State-of-the-Art [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112443.

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Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) or concussions are a substantial health concern, particularly in collision and contact sports. Consequently, there is growing concern regarding the acute and chronic effects of repeated brain trauma. Traditional assessment of mTBI has been based on clinical or computed tomography (CT) assessments followed by a period of in-hospital observation in some cases. These may have significant time and cost implications while potentially exposing patients to ionizing radiation and providing a low sensitivity and specificity. Recent advancements have focused on novel modalities that may potentially predict early and long-term sequelae from mTBI with greater accuracy and provide the optimum personalized treatment plan in collaboration with the athlete. This chapter will outline state of the art in these modalities, from salivary and blood biomarkers imaging and neuropsychology assessments, and discuss their translational applicability to the clinical setting.

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Glushakova, Olena Y., Alexander V. Glushakov, Rebekah Mannix, Emmy R. Miller, Alex B. Valadka und Ronald L. Hayes. „The Use of Blood-Based Biomarkers to Improve the Design of Clinical Trials of Traumatic Brain Injury“. In Handbook of Neuroemergency Clinical Trials, 139–66. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804064-5.00008-4.

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Shirah, Bader, Peter zu Eulenburg, Eliah G. Overbey, JangKeun Kim, Marissa Burke, Jeremy Wain Hirschberg, Isabell Schulze et al. „Surrogate assessment of brain health using longitudinal measures of blood-based biomarkers in short-duration human spaceflight“. In Neuroscience Research in Short-Duration Human Spaceflight, 101–24. Elsevier, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-33918-9.00007-9.

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M. Ebeid, El-Zeiny, und Ehab A. Okba. „Quantum Dots: Their Unique Properties and Contemporary Applications“. In Advances in Semiconductor Physics and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005582.

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This chapter describes the exciton concept and exciton Bohr radius. It describes new and diverse QDs applications in the fields of photonics, quantum dot lasers, photon upconversion (PUC) and downconversion (PDC) and their applications, biosensors, environmental sensing, ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode sensors, food quality sensing, cancer biomarkers detection, non-photonic medical imaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiolabeled quantum dots, positron emission tomography (PET), drug delivery, blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing, electrochemical sensing, photocatalysis including CO2 reduction, H2 production, and environmental remediation. The chapter ends with a Conclusion and prospects section expecting crucial QDs industrial applications such as displays, solar cells, wastewater treatment, quantum computers, and biomedical applications. Heavy metal-free QDs formulations are a demand to minimize traditional QDs toxicity. There is progress in using non-toxic and eco-friendly starting materials, including carbon-based, biomolecules-based, silicon-based, and ternary I-III-VI QDs alternatives.

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Yeo Xian Ping, Jacob, Yub Raj Neupane und Giorgia Pastorin. „Extracellular Vesicles and Their Interplay with Biological Membranes“. In Physiology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101297.

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Most cells secrete vesicles into the extracellular environment to interact with other cells. These extracellular vesicles (EVs), have undergone a paradigm shift upon the discovery that they also transport important material including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. As natural cargo carriers, EVs are not recognised by the immune system as foreign substances, and consequently evade removal by immune cells. These intrinsic biological properties of EVs have led to further research on utilising EVs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery systems (DDSs). However, the internalisation of EVs by target cells is still not fully understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether EVs can cross certain biological membranes like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) naturally, or require genetic modifications to do so. Hence, this review aims to evaluate the relationship between the composition of EVs and their association with different biological membranes they encounter before successfully releasing their cargo into target cells. This review identifies specific biomarkers detected in various EVs and important biological barriers present in the gastrointestinal, placental, immunological, neurological, lymphatic, pulmonary, renal and intracellular environments, and provides a recommendation on how to engineer EVs as potential drug carriers based on key proteins and lipids involved in crossing these barriers.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Brain blood-based biomarkers"

Madsen, Sarah K., Greg Ver Steeg, Madelaine Daianu, Adam Mezher, Neda Jahanshad, Talia M. Nir, Xue Hua, Boris A. Gutman, Aram Galstyan und Paul M. Thompson. „Relative value of diverse brain MRI and blood-based biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline in the elderly“. In SPIE Medical Imaging, herausgegeben von Martin A. Styner und Elsa D. Angelini. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2216964.

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Langri, Dharminder, und Ulas Sunar. „Non-Invasive Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Using Fiber Camera-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Spectroscopy“. In Clinical and Translational Biophotonics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/translational.2024.jm4a.40.

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We implemented a laser speckle contrast imaging technique with a fiber camera-based approach to monitor blood flow changes in a mouse model post-closed head injury, revealing a significant (~10%, p < 0.05) decrease within 30 minutes. This suggests the potential of blood flow as an early biomarker for head injuries, highlighting the technique's utility for continuous monitoring and clinical translation.

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