Zeitschriftenartikel: „BPL modems“

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Debita, Grzegorz, Przemyslaw Falkowski-Gilski, Marcin Habrych, Bogdan Miedzinski, Bartosz Polnik, Jan Wandzio und Przemyslaw Jedlikowski. „Subjective and Objective Quality Evaluation Study of BPL-PLC Wired Medium“. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, Nr. 3 (26.06.2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.3.25794.

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This paper presents results of research on the effectiveness of bi-directional voice transmission in a 6 kV mine cable network using BPL-PLC (Broadband over Power Line - Power Line Communication) technology. It concerns both emergency cable state (supply outage with cable shorted at both ends) and loaded with distorted current waveforms. The narrowband (0.5 MHz–15 MHz) and broadband (two different modes, frequency range of 3 MHz–7.5 MHz) transmission efficiency, considered as an objective study, was correlated with the level of noise in the cable for both induction-inductive and mixed capacitive-inductive coupling of the measurement devices and/or modems. The quality of voice transmission, considered as a subjective study, was assessed by a group of 15 people aged between 25 and 35 years old. The test audio signals included samples in 3 languages sourced from ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and processed in 3 bitrates ranging from 8 kbps to 24 kbps.

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Ullah, Asad, Madeeha Pirzada, Sarwat Jahan, Hizb Ullah und Muhammad Jamil Khan. „Bisphenol A analogues bisphenol B, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S induce oxidative stress, disrupt daily sperm production, and damage DNA in rat spermatozoa: a comparative in vitro and in vivo study“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, Nr. 4 (14.03.2019): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719831528.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogenic activity. The widespread exposure of individuals to BPA is suspected to affect a variety of physiological functions, including reproduction, development, and metabolism. Here we report the mechanisms by which BPA and three of its analogues bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) cause generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), sperm DNA damage, and oxidative stress in both in vivo and in vitro rat models. Sperm were incubated with different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) of BPA and its analogues BPB, BPF, and BPS for 2 h. BPA and its analogues were observed to increase DNA fragmentation, formation of ROS, and affected levels of superoxide dismutase at higher concentration groups. In an in vivo experiment, rats were exposed to different concentrations (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day) of BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS for 28 days. In the higher dose (50 mg/kg/day) treated groups of BPA and its analogues BPB, BPF, and BPS, DNA damage was observed while the motility of sperm was not affected.

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Holditch, Sara J., Carolyn N. Brown, Daniel J. Atwood, Deepak Pokhrel, Sara E. Brown, Andrew M. Lombardi, Khoa N. Nguyen et al. „The consequences of increased 4E-BP1 in polycystic kidney disease“. Human Molecular Genetics 28, Nr. 24 (19.10.2019): 4132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz244.

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Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease, characterized by cyst formation and growth. Hyperproliferation is a major contributor to cyst growth. At the nexus of regulating proliferation, is 4E-BP1. We demonstrate that ADPKD mouse and rat models, ADPKD patient renal biopsies and PKD1−/− cells exhibited hyperphosphorylated 4E-BP1, a biomarker of increased translation and proliferation. We hypothesized that expression of constitutively active 4E-BP1 constructs (4E-BP1F113A and 4E-BP1R13AF113A) would decrease proliferation and reduce cyst expansion. Utilizing the Pkd1RC/RC mouse, we determined the effect of 4E-BP1F113A on PKD. Unexpectedly, 4E-BP1F113A resulted in increased cyst burden and suppressed apoptosis markers, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increased mitochondrial proteins. Exogenous 4E-BP1 enhanced proliferation, decreased apoptosis, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, impaired NADPH oxidoreductase activity, increased mitochondrial proteins and increased superoxide production in PKD patient-derived renal epithelial cells. Reduced 4E-BP1 expression suppressed proliferation, restored apoptosis and improved cellular metabolism. These findings provide insight into how cyst-lining cells respond to 4E-BP1.

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Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G. „The Impact of Noise Models on Capacity Performance of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines Networks“. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5680850.

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This paper considers broadband potential of distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) networks when different well-known noise models of the BPL literature are applied. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the seven most representative and used noise models of the BPL literature are synopsized in this paper. With reference to this set, the broadband performance of a great number of distribution BPL topologies either Overhead (OV) or Underground (UN), either Medium-Voltage (MV) or Low-Voltage (LV), is investigated in terms of suitable capacity metrics. Second, based on the proposed capacity metrics, a comparative capacity analysis is performed among various well-validated noise models. Through the careful study of its results, it is demonstrated that during capacity computations of distribution BPL networks, the flat Additive White Gaussian Noise (FL noise model) can be comfortably assumed as an efficient noise model either in 3–30 MHz or in 3–88 MHz frequency range since its capacity differences with the other well-proven noise models are negligible.

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Haselager, Marco V., Karoline Kielbassa, Johanna ter Burg, Danique J. C. Bax, Stacey M. Fernandes, Jannie Borst, Constantine Tam et al. „Changes in Bcl-2 members after ibrutinib or venetoclax uncover functional hierarchy in determining resistance to venetoclax in CLL“. Blood 136, Nr. 25 (17.12.2020): 2918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019004326.

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Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells cycle between lymph node (LN) and peripheral blood (PB) and display major shifts in Bcl-2 family members between those compartments. Specifically, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, which are not targeted by the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, are increased in the LN. Because ibrutinib forces CLL cells out of the LN, we hypothesized that ibrutinib may thereby affect expression of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 and sensitize CLL cells to venetoclax. We investigated expression of Bcl-2 family members in patients under ibrutinib or venetoclax treatment, combined with dissecting functional interactions of Bcl-2 family members, in an in vitro model of venetoclax resistance. In the PB, recent LN emigrants had higher Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 expression than did cells immigrating back to the LN. Under ibrutinib treatment, this distinction collapsed; significantly, the pretreatment profile reappeared in patients who relapsed on ibrutinib. However, in response to venetoclax, Bcl-2 members displayed an early increase, underlining the different modes of action of these 2 drugs. Profiling by BH3 mimetics was performed in CLL cells fully resistant to venetoclax due to CD40-mediated induction of Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, and Bfl-1. Several dual or triple combinations of BH3 mimetics were highly synergistic in restoring killing of CLL cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that proapoptotic Bim interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members in a sequential manner: Bcl-2 > Bcl-XL > Mcl-1 > Bfl-1. Combined, the data indicate that Bcl-XL is more important in venetoclax resistance than is Mcl-1 and provide biological rationale for potential synergy between ibrutinib and venetoclax.

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Bin, Jenea M., und David A. Lyons. „Imaging Myelination In Vivo Using Transparent Animal Models“. Brain Plasticity 2, Nr. 1 (21.12.2016): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-160029.

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Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G. „Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper)“. ISRN Signal Processing 2012 (16.10.2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/121628.

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The established statistical analysis, already used to treat overhead transmission power grid networks, is now implemented to examine the factors influencing modal transmission characteristics and modal statistical performance metrics of overhead and underground low-voltage/broadband over power lines (LV/BPL) and medium-voltage/broadband over power lines (MV/BPL) channels associated with power distribution in smart grid (SG) networks. The novelty of this paper is threefold. First, a refined multidimensional chain scattering matrix (TM2) method suitable for overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels is evaluated against other relative theoretical and experimental proven models. Second, applying TM2 method, the end-to-end modal channel attenuation of various LV/BPL and MV/BPL multiconductor transmission line (MTL) configurations is determined. The LV/BPL and MV/BPL transmission channels are investigated with regard to their spectral behavior and their end-to-end modal channel attenuation. It is found that the above features depend drastically on the frequency, the type of power grid, the mode considered, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, the statistical properties of various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels are investigated revealing the correlation between end-to-end modal channel attenuation and modal root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS). Already verified in the case of overhead high-voltage (HV) BPL systems, this fundamental property of several wireline systems is also modally validated against relevant sets of field measurements, numerical results, and recently proposed statistical channel models for various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL channels. Based on this common inherent attribute of either transmission or distribution BPL networks, new unified regression trend line is proposed giving a further boost towards BPL system intraoperability. A consequence of this paper is that it aids in gaining a better understanding of the range and coverage that BPL solutions can achieve; a preliminary step toward the system symbiosis between BPL systems and other broadband technologies in an SG environment.

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Sharma, Vijendra, Rapita Sood, Danning Lou, Tzu-Yu Hung, Maxime Lévesque, Yelin Han, Jeremy Y. Levett et al. „4E-BP2–dependent translation in parvalbumin neurons controls epileptic seizure threshold“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 15 (05.04.2021): e2025522118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025522118.

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The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates multiple signals to regulate critical cellular processes such as mRNA translation, lipid biogenesis, and autophagy. Germline and somatic mutations in mTOR and genes upstream of mTORC1, such as PTEN, TSC1/2, AKT3, PIK3CA, and components of GATOR1 and KICSTOR complexes, are associated with various epileptic disorders. Increased mTORC1 activity is linked to the pathophysiology of epilepsy in both humans and animal models, and mTORC1 inhibition suppresses epileptogenesis in humans with tuberous sclerosis and animal models with elevated mTORC1 activity. However, the role of mTORC1-dependent translation and the neuronal cell types mediating the effect of enhanced mTORC1 activity in seizures remain unknown. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and 2 (4E-BP2) are translational repressors downstream of mTORC1. Here we show that the ablation of 4E-BP2, but not 4E-BP1, in mice increases the sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and kainic acid (KA)–induced seizures. We demonstrate that the deletion of 4E-BP2 in inhibitory, but not excitatory neurons, causes an increase in the susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures. Moreover, mice lacking 4E-BP2 in parvalbumin, but not somatostatin or VIP inhibitory neurons exhibit a lowered threshold for seizure induction and reduced number of parvalbumin neurons. A mouse model harboring a human PIK3CA mutation that enhances the activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway (Pik3caH1047R-Pvalb) selectively in parvalbumin neurons shows susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures. Our data identify 4E-BP2 as a regulator of epileptogenesis and highlight the central role of increased mTORC1-dependent translation in parvalbumin neurons in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

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Baes, Maarten, und Peter Camps. „The dynamical structure of broken power-law and double power-law models for dark matter haloes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, Nr. 2 (04.03.2021): 2955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab634.

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ABSTRACT Galaxy kinematics and gravitational lensing are two complementary ways to constrain the distribution of dark matter on galaxy scales. The typical dark matter density profiles adopted in dynamical studies cannot easily be adopted in lensing studies. Ideally, a mass model should be used that has the global characteristics of realistic dark matter distributions, and that allows for an analytical calculation of the magnifications and deflection angles. A simple model with these properties, the broken power-law (BPL) model, has very recently been introduced. We examine the dynamical structure of the family of BPL models. We derive simple closed expressions for basic dynamical properties, and study the distribution function under the assumption of velocity isotropy. We find that none of the BPL models with realistic parameters has an isotropic distribution function that is positive over the entire phase space, implying that the BPL models cannot be supported by an isotropic velocity distribution, or models with a more radially anisotropic orbital structure. This result limits the attractiveness of the BPL family as a tool for lensing studies to some degree. More generally, we find that not all members of the general family of double power-law or Zhao models, often used to model dark matter haloes, can be supported by an isotropic or radially anisotropic distribution function. In other words, the distribution function may become negative even for spherically symmetric models with a well-behaved density profile.

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Zalc, Bernard. „Live-Imaging of Myelin in Animal Models and in Human“. Brain Plasticity 2, Nr. 1 (21.12.2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-169001.

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Kelly, Áine M. „Exercise-Induced Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease“. Brain Plasticity 4, Nr. 1 (12.12.2018): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-180074.

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Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G. „Broadband over Power Lines Systems Convergence: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communications Analysis of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage BPL Networks“. ISRN Power Engineering 2013 (15.09.2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517940.

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This review paper reveals the broadband potential of overhead and underground low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) broadband over power lines (BPL) networks associated with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The contribution of this review paper is fourfold. First, the unified value decomposition (UVD) modal analysis is introduced. UVD modal analysis is a new technique that unifies eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) modal analyses achieving the common handling of traditional SISO/BPL and upcoming MIMO/BPL systems. The validity of UVD modal analysis is examined by comparing its simulation results with those of other exact analytical models. Second, based on the proposed UVD modal analysis, the MIMO channels of overhead and underground LV and MV BPL networks (distribution BPL networks) are investigated with regard to their inherent characteristics. Towards that direction, an extended collection of well-validated metrics from the communications literature, such as channel attenuation, average channel gain (ACG), root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), coherence bandwidth (CB), cumulative capacity, capacity complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), and capacity gain (GC), is first applied in overhead and underground MIMO/LV and MIMO/MV BPL channels and systems. It is found that the results of the aforementioned metrics portfolio depend drastically on the frequency, the power grid type (either overhead or underground, either LV or MV), the MIMO scheme configuration properties, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, three interesting findings concerning the statistical properties of MIMO channels of distribution BPL networks are demonstrated, namely, (i) the ACG, RMS-DS, and cumulative capacity lognormal distributions; (ii) the correlation between RMS-DS and ACG; and (iii) the correlation between RMS-DS and CB. By fitting the numerical results, unified regression distributions appropriate for MIMO/BPL channels and systems are proposed. These three fundamental properties can play significant role in the evaluation of recently proposed statistical channel models for various BPL systems. Fourth, the potential of transformation of overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL distribution grids to an alternative solution to fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) technology is first revealed. By examining the capacity characteristics of various MIMO scheme configurations and by comparing these capacity results against SISO ones, a new promising urban backbone network seems to be born in a smart grid (SG) environment.

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Patten, Anna R., Suk Yu Yau, Christine J. Fontaine, Alicia Meconi, Ryan C. Wortman und Brian R. Christie. „The Benefits of Exercise on Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Rodent Hippocampus of Different Disease Models“. Brain Plasticity 1, Nr. 1 (09.10.2015): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-150016.

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Erickson, Brittany A., Junle Jiang, Michael Barall, Nadia Lapusta, Eric M. Dunham, Ruth Harris, Lauren S. Abrahams et al. „The Community Code Verification Exercise for Simulating Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)“. Seismological Research Letters 91, Nr. 2A (29.01.2020): 874–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190248.

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Abstract Numerical simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) have made great progress over past decades to address important questions in earthquake physics. However, significant challenges in SEAS modeling remain in resolving multiscale interactions between earthquake nucleation, dynamic rupture, and aseismic slip, and understanding physical factors controlling observables such as seismicity and ground deformation. The increasing complexity of SEAS modeling calls for extensive efforts to verify codes and advance these simulations with rigor, reproducibility, and broadened impact. In 2018, we initiated a community code-verification exercise for SEAS simulations, supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. Here, we report the findings from our first two benchmark problems (BP1 and BP2), designed to verify different computational methods in solving a mathematically well-defined, basic faulting problem. We consider a 2D antiplane problem, with a 1D planar vertical strike-slip fault obeying rate-and-state friction, embedded in a 2D homogeneous, linear elastic half-space. Sequences of quasi-dynamic earthquakes with periodic occurrences (BP1) or bimodal sizes (BP2) and their interactions with aseismic slip are simulated. The comparison of results from 11 groups using different numerical methods show excellent agreements in long-term and coseismic fault behavior. In BP1, we found that truncated domain boundaries influence interseismic stressing, earthquake recurrence, and coseismic rupture, and that model agreement is only achieved with sufficiently large domain sizes. In BP2, we found that complexity of fault behavior depends on how well physical length scales related to spontaneous nucleation and rupture propagation are resolved. Poor numerical resolution can result in artificial complexity, impacting simulation results that are of potential interest for characterizing seismic hazard such as earthquake size distributions, moment release, and recurrence times. These results inform the development of more advanced SEAS models, contributing to our further understanding of earthquake system dynamics.

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Yakubu, A., MM Muhammed, MM Ari, IS Musa-Azara und JN Omeje. „Correlation and path coefficient analysis of body weight and morphometric traits of two exotic genetic groups of ducks in Nigeria“. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 44, Nr. 1 (29.04.2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23112.

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The study aimed at describing objectively the interdependence between body weight (BWT) and morphometric traits in Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks using multivariate path analysis technique. Measurements were taken on one hundred and ninety seven (197) randomly selected 10-week old Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks, respectively in Plateau State, Nigeria. The birds were reared on deep litter in a semi-intensive system where they were kept in a fenced area provided with water ponds and locked up in the poultry house during the night. The body parts measured were, body length (BDL); thigh length (THL); thigh circumference (THC); breast circumference (BTC); bill length (BLL); neck length (NKL); neck circumference (NKC); shank length (SHL); shank width (SHW); total leg length (TLL) and wing length (WL). General linear model was used to study genotype and sex effects. Pekin ducks had a superior advantage (p<0.05) over their Khaki Campbell counterparts in all the body parameters estimated. Sexual dimorphism (p<0.05) was in favour of male ducks. Pairwise phenotypic correlations between BWT and morphometric traits were positive and significant (p<0.01), ranging from 0.38-0.95 and 0.35-0.92 for Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks, respectively. Path analysis revealed that BDL was the variable of utmost importance directly influencing BWT in male Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks (path coefficient=0.535 and 0.508, respectively; p<0.01) while BTC and SHL were the most responsible parameters affecting BWT in female Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks [path coefficient=0.594 (P<0.01) and 1.197 (p<0.05), respectively]. The optimum regression models for the prediction of BWT in Khaki Campbell ducks included BDL, SHL, BTC and NKC (male) and BDL, WNL and BTC (female); while in their Pekin counterparts, BDL, BLL and BTC (male) and BDL and SHL (female) were incorporated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23112 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 1-9

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Shepherd, Amy, Tracy D. Zhang, Ariel M. Zeleznikow-Johnston, Anthony J. Hannan und Emma L. Burrows. „Transgenic Mouse Models as Tools for Understanding How Increased Cognitive and Physical Stimulation Can Improve Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease“. Brain Plasticity 4, Nr. 1 (12.12.2018): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-180076.

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Ottina, Eleonora, Francesca Grespi, Denise Tischner, Claudia Soratroi, Stephan Geley, Andreas Ploner, Holger M. Reichardt, Andreas Villunger und Marco J. Herold. „Targeting antiapoptotic A1/Bfl-1 by in vivo RNAi reveals multiple roles in leukocyte development in mice“. Blood 119, Nr. 25 (21.06.2012): 6032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-12-399089.

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Abstract Gene-targeting studies in mice have identified the essential roles of most prosurvival Bcl-2 family members in normal physiology and under conditions of stress. The function of one member, Bcl2a1/Bfl-1/A1, is only poorly understood because of quadruplication of its gene locus in mice, hindering conventional knockout studies. To overcome this problem, we generated mouse models allowing traceable constitutive or reversible ablation of A1 in the hematopoietic system by RNA interference. Knockdown of A1 impaired early stages of T-cell differentiation, B-cell homeostasis, and sensitized transitional as well as follicular B cells to apoptosis induced by ligation of the B-cell receptor. As a consequence, B-cell proliferation in response to mitogens was severely impaired, whereas that of T cells appeared unaffected. Furthermore, depending on the extent of A1 knockdown, granulocytes showed increased spontaneous death in culture or failed to accumulate in significant numbers in vivo. These models highlight the critical role of A1 in leukocyte development and homeostasis, constituting valuable tools for investigating presumed roles of this Bcl-2 family member in immunity, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance.

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Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G. „Review and Progress towards the Common Broadband Management of High-Voltage Transmission Grids: Model Expansion and Comparative Modal Analysis“. ISRN Electronics 2012 (27.12.2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/935286.

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The need of bridging the digital gap between underdeveloped/developed areas and promoting smart grid (SG) networks urges the deployment of broadband over power lines (BPL) systems and their further integration. The contribution of this paper is fourfold. First, based on the well-established hybrid model of (Lazaropoulos and Cottis 2009, 2010, Lazaropoulos, 2012) and the generic multidimensional network analysis tool presented in (Lazaropoulos 2012, Sartenaer 2004, Sartenaer and Delogne 2006, 2001) an exact multidimensional chain scattering matrix method, which is suitable for overhead high-voltage/broadband over power lines (HV/BPL) networks, is proposed and is evaluated against other theoretical and experimental proven models. Second, the proposed method investigates the overhead HV/BPL transmission grids (overhead 150 kV single-circuit, 275 kV double-circuit, and 400 kV double-circuit multiconductor structures) with regard to their end-to-end signal attenuation. It is found that the above features depend drastically on the overhead power grid type, the frequency, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, the impact of the multiplicity of the branches at the same junction in overhead HV grids is first examined. Based on the inherent long-branch structure and the quasi-static behavior of single/multiple branches with matched terminations of overhead HV grid, a simple approach suitable for overhead HV/BPL channel estimation is presented. Fourth, identifying the similar characteristics among different overhead HV/BPL configurations, an additional step towards the common overhead HV/BPL analysis is demonstrated; the entire overhead HV/BPL grid may be examined under a common PHY framework regardless of the overhead HV/BPL grid type examined. Finally, apart from the presentation of broadband transmission potential of the entire overhead transmission power grid, a consequence of this paper is that it helps towards: (i) the better broadband monitoring and management of overhead HV transmission power grids in an interactive SG network; and (ii) the intraoperability/interoperability of overhead HV/BPL systems under the aegis of a unified transmission/distribution SG power network.

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Mlýnek, Petr, Martin Rusz, Lukáš Benešl, Ján Sláčik und Petr Musil. „Possibilities of Broadband Power Line Communications for Smart Home and Smart Building Applications“. Sensors 21, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010240.

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Broadband Power Line communication is considered as one of possible communication technologies for the buildings communication infrastructure in the concept of Smart Building. The possible applications where BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) solution can be used for communication in the concept of Smart Building are Power Quality (PQ) measurement, Electric Vehicle or Micro Grids and Distribution Generation (DG). This article should help to determine clear performance possibilities of BPL for an implementation in Smart Building especially due to a large amount of overhead caused by cybersecurity and the protocol overhead. The possibilities of BPL were measured with five different BPL solutions. The results show a sufficient throughput on the application layer for Smart Building application, because, in the literature, various throughput limits are introduced. According to related work, there are missing measurements on the application layer for laboratory conditions as well as compared with real field measurements. In this article, we also exploit our novel idea of a broadband PLC (Power Line Communication) modem integrated into an electrical outlet.

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Hofmann, M., und P. J. Scott. „Realizability models for BLL-like languages“. Theoretical Computer Science 318, Nr. 1-2 (Juni 2004): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2003.10.019.

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HE, Jian-Bo. „Analysis of Two Improved BLP Models“. Journal of Software 18, Nr. 4 (2007): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos181501.

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Martin, Elodie, Marie-Stéphane Aigrot, Roland Grenningloh, Bruno Stankoff, Catherine Lubetzki, Ursula Boschert und Bernard Zalc. „Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Promotes Myelin Repair“. Brain Plasticity 5, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-200100.

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Background: Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and related experimental models, microglia have either a pro-inflammatory or a pro-regenerative/pro-remyelinating function. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of kinases, has been shown to block differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in response to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. However, the role of BTK in the CNS is unknown. Methods: Our aim was to investigate the effect of BTK inhibition on myelin repair in ex vivo and in vivo experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. The remyelination effect of a BTK inhibitor (BTKi; BTKi-1) was then investigated in LPC-induced demyelinated cerebellar organotypic slice cultures and metronidazole-induced demyelinated Xenopus MBP-GFP-NTR transgenic tadpoles. Results: Cellular detection of BTK and its activated form BTK-phospho-Y223 (p-BTK) was determined by immunohistochemistry in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, before and after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination. A low BTK signal detected by immunolabeling under normal conditions in cerebellar slices was in sharp contrast to an 8.5-fold increase in the number of BTK-positive cells observed in LPC-demyelinated slice cultures. Under both conditions, approximately 75% of cells expressing BTK and p-BTK were microglia and 25% were astrocytes. Compared with spontaneous recovery, treatment of demyelinated slice cultures and MTZ-demyelinated transgenic tadpoles with BTKi resulted in at least a 1.7-fold improvement of remyelination. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for myelin repair.

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Moon, Mi-Kyeong. „Variability Dependency Analysis for Generating Business Process Models based on Variability Decisions“. KIPS Transactions:PartD 16D, Nr. 5 (31.10.2009): 791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2009.16d.5.791.

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HYTTINEN, TAPANI. „INTERPRETING GROUPS INSIDE MODULAR STRONGLY MINIMAL HOMOGENEOUS MODELS“. Journal of Mathematical Logic 03, Nr. 01 (Mai 2003): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219061303000200.

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A large homogeneous (not necessarily saturated) model M is strongly minimal, if any definable subset is either bounded or has bounded complement. In this case (M, bcl) is a pregeometry, where bcl denotes the bounded closure operation. In this paper, we show that if M is a large homogeneous strongly minimal structure and (M, bcl) is non-trivial and locally modular, then M interprets a group. In addition, we give a description of such groups.

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V, Sharma, Sharma PC und Kumar V. „INDOLIZINE DERIVATIVES AS PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITORS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF PHARMACOPHORE MODELS“. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research 6, Nr. 2 (August 2016): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/bpr.2016.6.2.5.

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Adema, Suzanne. „Discourse Modes and Bases“. New Approaches in Text Linguistics 23 (25.09.2009): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.23.11ade.

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Abstract: This paper compares and contrasts the use of tenses in Vergil’s Aeneid and Ab Urbe Condita (AUC), Livy’s history of Rome. The tense usage in these works is analysed by means of two parameters: discourse mode and base. Discourse modes that occur in the Aeneid and AUC are the narrative mode, the reporting mode, the description mode and the registering mode. These modes are, both in the Aeneid and in AUC, used from a base in the time of narration, and from a shifted base, the reference time of the story. All interpretations of Latin (narrative) tenses found in this corpus are arranged according to discourse mode and base, resulting in seven ‘sets’ of interpretations of tenses. These sets each represent a specific way of presentation and are, so to speak, Vergil’s and Livy’s ‘building blocks’. The way in which they use these building blocks, and, thus, the Latin narrative tenses, differs. As such, the analysis of the use of tense by means of discourse modes and bases turns out to be a fruitful tool to describe differences between texts of different genres on a text linguistic level.

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Bradl, Monika, und Hans Lassmann. „Experimental Models of Neuromyelitis Optica“. Brain Pathology 24, Nr. 1 (18.12.2013): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12098.

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Wang, Yutang, Theophilus I. Emeto, James Lee, Laurence Marshman, Corey Moran, Sai-wang Seto und Jonathan Golledge. „Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysm“. Brain Pathology 25, Nr. 3 (30.10.2014): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12175.

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Thijssen, Rachel, Christian R. Geest, Martin FM de Rooij, Nora Liu, Bogdan I. Florea, Katinka Weller, Hermen S. Overkleeft et al. „Possible Mechanisms Of Resistance To The Novel BH3-Mimetic ABT-199 In In Vitro Lymph Node Models Of CLL – The Role Of Abl and Btk“. Blood 122, Nr. 21 (15.11.2013): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4188.4188.

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Abstract The new BH3-mimetic ABT-199 antagonizes Bcl-2 and avoids the thrombocytopenia associated with clinical application of its predecessor ABT-263 (navitoclax). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are highly sensitive to ABT-199 and the first clinical results show clear reductions in peripheral and bone marrow CLL cells and in lymph node size. In the lymph node, CLL cells receive pro-survival signals that upregulate Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and Bfl-11. These Bcl-2 family members are not targeted by ABT-199, which poses the potential risk of remaining clones with residual viability. Here, we aimed to define the signals that determine sensitivity for ABT-199 and ABT-737 in an in vitro lymph node model of CLL. We applied CD40 and cytokine stimulation in combination with kinase inhibitors that are known to change microenviroenmental signals and increase drug resistance in CLL. Stimulation via CD40 plus IL-4 or IL-21 differentially affected the expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, Bfl-1 and Noxa and this correlated with strong alterations in sensitivity to ABT-737 and ABT-199 (see table 1 for LC 50 values). As reported before2, in vitro CD40 stimulation reduced sensitivity to ABT-737 by 100-fold, and this was further decreased by IL-4. Strikingly, CD40+IL-4 stimulation in primary CLL cells resulted in full resistance to 10 μM ABT-199, probably due to very high levels of Bcl-XL.Table 1The LC50 of ABT-737 or ABT-199 for CLL cells stimulated with CD40L and IL-21 or IL-4 (averaged values n=8)StimulationLC50 (μM)ABT-737ABT-1993T3 (control)0.0050.0013T40L0.781> 103T40L + IL-210.1950.210 3T40L + IL-46.772> 103T40L + IL-21 + IL-40.4269.121 We next sought ways to circumvent resistance against ABT-199 induced in our in vitro model. We showed previously that the broad spectrum kinase inhibitor dasatinib prevented CD40-mediated resistance to various drugs, including ABT-7373. We therefore first characterized the targets of dasatinib in primary CLL by solid-phase pull-down, mass-spectrometry and competition binding. Abl and Btk were identified as dominant and specific interactors of dasatinib. Importantly, resistance for BH3-mimetics could be overcome by dasatinib (see table 2) and the Abl inhibitor imatinib, but not by the more selective Btk inhibitor ibrutinib. Conversely, BCR- and chemokine-controlled adhesion could be abolished by dasatinib and ibrutinib, but not by imatinib. Thus, Abl and Btk function in two key pro-survival arms; chemoresistance and localization in the protective environment.Table 2The LC50 of ABT-737 or ABT-199 for CLL cells stimulated with CD40L in combination with Dasatinib (averaged values n=4)StimulationLC50 (μM)ABT-737ABT-1993T30.0050.0013T40L0.781> 103T40L + 100 nM Dasatinib0.0810.066 3T40L + 1000 nM Dasatinib0.0370.020 The observed resistance to ABT-199 induced in our in vitro a co-culture system designed to simulate the CLL microenvironment does not reflect the observations from clinical trials in patients. Nevertheless, long-term clinical application of ABT-199 in CLL might select for resistant clones at protective niches. Our data suggest that this may be overcome by combination treatment with kinase inhibitors that either directly abrogate anti-apoptotic signals or cause egress from lymph node sites and prevent the resistance mechanism from coming into play. 1. Smit LA, Hallaert DY, Spijker R et al. Differential Noxa/Mcl-1 balance in peripheral versus lymph node chronic lymphocitic leukemia cells correlates with survival capacity. Blood 2007;109:1660-1668. 2. Vogler M, Butterworth M, Majid A et al. Concurrent up-regulation of BCL-XL and BCL2A1 induces approximately 1000-fold resistance to ABT-737 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2009;113:4403-4413. 3. Hallaert DY, Jaspers A, van Noesel CJ et al. c-Abl kinase inhibitors overcome CD40-mediated drug resistance in CLL; Implications for therapeutic targeting of chemoresistant niches. Blood 2008;112:5141-5149. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pelch, Katherine E., Yin Li, Lalith Perera, Kristina A. Thayer und Kenneth S. Korach. „Characterization of Estrogenic and Androgenic Activities for Bisphenol A-like Chemicals (BPs): In Vitro Estrogen and Androgen Receptors Transcriptional Activation, Gene Regulation, and Binding Profiles“. Toxicological Sciences 172, Nr. 1 (06.08.2019): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz173.

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Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical widely used in plastics, food packaging, and many other products. It is well known that endocrine-disrupting chemicals might be harmful to human health due to interference with normal hormone actions. Recent studies report widespread usage and exposure to many BPA-like chemicals (BPs) that are structurally or functionally similar to BPA. However, the biological actions and toxicity of those BPs are still relatively unknown. To address this data gap, we used in vitro cell models to evaluate the ability of 22 BPs to induce or inhibit estrogenic and androgenic activity. BPA, Bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol C (BPC), tetramethyl bisphenol A (TMBPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol E (BPE), 4,4-bisphenol F (4,4-BPF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol B (BPB), tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), and benzylparaben (PHBB) induced estrogen receptor (ER)α and/or ERβ-mediated activity. With the exception of BPS, TCBPA, and PHBB, these same BPs were also androgen receptor (AR) antagonists. Only 3 BPs were found to be ER antagonists. Bisphenol P (BPP) selectively inhibited ERβ-mediated activity and 4-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)sulfonylphenol (BPS-MPE) and 2,4-bisphenol S (2,4-BPS) selectively inhibited ERα-mediated activity. None of the BPs induced AR-mediated activity. In addition, we identify that the BPs can bind to ER or AR with varying degrees by a molecular modeling analysis. Taken together, these findings help us to understand the molecular mechanism of BPs and further consideration of their usage in consumer products.

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Byadi, Said, Hachim Mouhi Eddine, Karima Sadik, Črtomir Podlipnik und Aziz Aboulmouhajir. „Fingerprint-based 2D-QSAR Models for Predicting Bcl-2 Inhibitors Affinity“. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, Nr. 10 (12.10.2020): 1206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180817999200414155403.

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Background: Bcl-2 family plays an essential role in the cell cycle events incorporating survival, proliferation, and differentiation in normal and neoplastic neuronal cells. Thus, it has been validated as a principal target for the treatment of cancer. For this reason, we will build a model based on a large number of Bcl-2 inhibitors to predict the activities of new compounds as future Bcl-2 inhibitors. Methods: In this study, QSAR models were successfully used to predict the inhibitory activity against Bcl-2 for a set of compounds collected from BDB (Binding database). The kPLS (kernelbased Partial Least-Square) method implemented in Schrodinger's Canvas, was used for searching the correlation between pIC50 and binary fingerprints for a set of known Bcl-2 inhibitors. Results and Discussion: Models based on binary fingerprints with two kPLS factors have been found with decent predictive power (q2 > 0.58), while the optimal number of factors is about 5. The enrichment study (148 actives, 5700 decoys) has shown excellent classification ability of our models (AUC > 0.90) for all cases). Conclusion: We found that the kPLS method, in combination with binary fingerprints, is useful for the affinity prediction and the Bcl-2 inhibitors classification. The obtained promising results, methods, and applications highlighted in this study will help us to design more selective Bcl-2 inhibitors with better structural characteristics and improved anti-cancer activity.

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Stewart, AG, und PM Beart. „Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules“. British Journal of Pharmacology 173, Nr. 4 (Februar 2016): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.13389.

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De Mulder, Walter. „Demonstratives, Direct Reference and Mental Models“. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 8 (01.01.1993): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.8.06dem.

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Lukiw, W. J., und N. G. Bazan. „Survival signalling in Alzheimer's disease“. Biochemical Society Transactions 34, Nr. 6 (25.10.2006): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341277.

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Significant advancements in our understanding of cell-survival signalling in AD (Alzheimer's disease) stem from recent investigations into the metabolism, trafficking and fate of the essential ω-3 fatty acid DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) (C22:6, n=3). Brain synaptic terminals and neuronal plasma membranes are highly enriched in DHA, and deficiencies in this polyunsaturated fatty acid are characteristic of AD-affected brain. Oxidative stress, targeting phospholipids containing DHA, and age-related DHA depletion are associated with the progressive erosion of normal cognitive function in AD. Current studies support the idea that DHA itself and novel DHA-derived neural synapse- and membrane-derived lipid messengers have considerable potential to modulate cell survival signalling in stressed cultured neural cell models in vitro and in mammalian models of learning, memory and AD in vivo. Key players in this intrinsic rescue system include the α-secretase-processed neurotrophin sAPPα [soluble APPα (amyloid precursor protein α)] peptide, the DHA-derived 10,17S-docosatriene NPD1 (neuroprotectin D1), a tandem brain cytosolic phospholipase A2 and 15-lipoxygenase enzymatic system that biosynthesizes NPD1, and a small family of anti-apoptotic neuroprotective genes that encode Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bfl-1 (A1). This paper reviews current ideas regarding DHA and the oxygenated DHA derivative NPD1, intrinsically triggered biolipid neuroprotectants that along with their associated rescue pathways, contribute to life-or-death decisions of brain cells during homoeostasis, aging and neurodegenerative disease.

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BALDWIN, JOHN T., und MICHAEL C. LASKOWSKI. „HENKIN CONSTRUCTIONS OF MODELS WITH SIZE CONTINUUM“. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 25, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2018.2.

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AbstractWe describe techniques for constructing models of size continuum inωsteps by simultaneously building a perfect set of enmeshed countable Henkin sets. Such models have perfect, asymptotically similar subsets. We survey applications involving Borel models, atomic models, two-cardinal transfers and models respecting various closure relations.

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Bahrami, Saeideh. „Self-embeddings of Models of Peano Arithmetic“. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 25, Nr. 2 (Juni 2019): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2019.7.

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Arime, Yosefu, Yumiko Kubo und Ichiro Sora. „Animal Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder“. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34, Nr. 9 (2011): 1373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.34.1373.

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Neeman, Itay. „Inner Models and Ultrafilters In L(ℝ)“. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 13, Nr. 1 (März 2007): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/bsl/1174668217.

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AbstractWe present a characterization of supercompactness measures for ω1 in L(ℝ), and of countable products of such measures, using inner models. We give two applications of this characterization, the first obtaining the consistency of with ZFC+ADL(ℝ), and the second proving the uniqueness of the supercompactness measure over in L(ℝ) for .

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Massa, Nicholas, Alaaeddin Alrohaibani, Kevin Mammino, Medina Bello, Nicholas Taylor, Bruce Cuthbert, Molly Fargotstein et al. „The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Outcomes in a Small Cohort of Outpatients with Schizophrenia“. Brain Plasticity 5, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-200105.

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Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, chronic illness characterized by psychotic symptoms and impairments in many cognitive domains. Dysregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with the cognitive impairments seen in patients with SCZ. Given the growing literature supporting a positive effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in other populations, we hypothesized that a structured aerobic exercise program would improve cognitive and functional outcomes in subjects with SCZ, potentially mediated by increases in BDNF. Methods: The study was a small randomized parallel group clinical trial of subjects with SCZ comparing 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) against control (CON) stretching and balance training. At Baseline, Week 12, and Week 20 we collected serum samples for analysis of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and assessed functional, physical, and cognitive outcomes. Linear regression models were used to compare change scores between timepoints. Results: We randomized 21 subjects to AE and 17 to CON; however, only 9 AE and 6 CON completed their programs. Subjects in both groups were slower at the 400 m walk in Week 12 compared to Baseline, but the AE group had significantly less slowing than the CON group (B = –28.32, p = 0.011). Between Week 12 and Week 20, the AE group had a significantly greater change score on the Composite and Visual Learning Domain of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (B = 5.11, p = 0.03; B = 13.96, p = 0.006). Conclusion: These results indicate that participation in a structured aerobic exercise paradigm may modestly blunt physical function decline and enhance cognitive function in individuals with SCZ.

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Xian, Hang, Rougang Xie, Ceng Luo und Rui Cong. „Comparison of Different In Vivo Animal Models of Brachial Plexus Avulsion and Its Application in Pain Study“. Neural Plasticity 2020 (12.11.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875915.

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Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are high-energy trauma that can result in serious functional problems in the affected upper extremities, and brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) could be considered the most severe type of them. The booming occurrence rate of BPA brings up devastating impact on patients’ life. Complications of muscle atrophy, neuropathic pain, and denervation-associated psychological disorders are major challenges in the treatment of BPA. Animal models of BPA are good vehicles for this kind of research. Full understanding of the current in vivo BPA models, which could be classified into anterior approach avulsion, posterior approach avulsion, and closed approach avulsion groups, could help researchers select the appropriate type of models for their studies. Each group of the BPA model has its distinct merits and demerits. An ideal BPA model that can inherit the advantages and make up for the disadvantages is still required for further exploration.

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Balaya, Vincent, Benedetta Guani, Laurent Magaud, Bonsang-Kitzis Hélène, Charlotte Ngo, Patrice Mathevet und Fabrice Lecuru. „Long-term oncological safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage cervical cancer.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 6006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6006.

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6006 Background: The goal of this study was to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent bilateral sentinel lymph node (BSLN) biopsy alone versus bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (BPL). Methods: An ancillary analysis of two prospective multicentric trials on SLN biopsy for cervical cancer (SENTICOL I and II) was performed. All patients with early stage cervical cancer (IA to IIB FIGO stage), negative SLN after ultrastaging and negative non-SLN after final pathologic examination were included. Risk-factors of recurrency and disease-specific deaths were determined by Cox proportional hazard models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared by applying log-rank test. Results: Between January 2005 and July 2012, 259 patients met the inclusion criteria: 85 patients underwent only bilateral SLN biopsy whereas 174 patients underwent BPL. None had positive SLN at ultrastaging or positive non-SLN at final pathologic examination. Between the both groups, there was no differences in histology, final FIGO stage and type of surgical approach. In the BPL group, patients had more frequently tumor size larger than 20 mm (22.9% vs 10.7%, p = 0.02) and postoperative radiochemotherapy (10.7% vs 1.6%, p = 0.01). The median follow-up was 47 months (4-127). During the follow-up, 21 patients (8.1%) experienced reccurencies, including 4 nodal recurrences (1.9%), and 9 patients (3.5%) died of cervical cancer. The 5-year DFS and the DSS were similar between BSLN and BPL groups, 94.1% vs 97.7%, p = 0.14 and 88.2% vs 93.7%, p = 0.14 respectively. After controlling for final FIGO stage and margin status, BSLN compared to BPL was not associated with DFS (HR = 1.76, 95%CI = [0.69 – 4.53], p = 0.24) and DSS (HR = 2.5, 95%CI = [0.64 – 9.83], p = 0.19). Only final FIGO stage was independent predictor of DSS. Conclusions: SLN biopsy alone is oncologically safe in early-stage cervical cancer. Full lymphadenectomy could be omitted in case of bilateral negative SLN. Worse prognosis was associated with higher FIGO stage disease.

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Widyantari, Ni Putu Devi Maretha, Syahrial Ayub und Jannatin 'Ardhuha. „Pengaruh Model Brain Based Learning Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Fisika SMA“. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 6, Nr. 1 (30.03.2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v6i1.1387.

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This research aims to determine (1) the influence of brain based learning (BBL) models on the understanding of physics concepts among high school students, (2) the influence of BBL models on physics critical thinking ability among high school students, and (3) the influence of BBL models on conceptual understanding and the critical thinking ability among high school students. This research is a quasi-experiment and uses non-equivalent control group design with pre-test and post-test design. The population were all students of class X MIPA of SMAN 1 Gerung in the academic year of 2018/2019. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The experimental class is treated using the BBL model while the control class uses the expository learning model. The hypothesis used are the polled variance t-test and Manova test. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that (1) there are influences of BBL models on the understanding of physics concepts among high school students (2) there are influences of the BBL modesl on physics critical thinking ability among high school educators, and (3) there are influences of BBL models on conceptual understanding and critical thinking ability in physics among high school student.

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Maxa, Kaitlin M., Carson Hoffman, Leonardo A. Rivera-Rivera, Alice Motovylyak, Patrick A. Turski, Carol K. C. Mitchell, Yue Ma et al. „Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Cerebral Vessel Pulsatility in a Cohort Enriched with Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease“. Brain Plasticity 5, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-190096.

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Background: There is increasing evidence that vascular disease risk factors contribute to evolution of the dementia syndrome of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One important measure of cerebrovascular health is pulsatility index (PI) which is thought to represent distal vascular resistance, and has previously been reported to be elevated in AD clinical syndrome. Physical inactivity has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between a measure of habitual physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and PI in the large cerebral vessels. Methods: Ninety-two cognitively-healthy adults (age = 65.34±5.95, 72% female) enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention participated in this study. Participants underwent 4D flow brain MRI to measure PI in the internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery, middle cerebral artery (MCA), and superior sagittal sinus. Participants also completed a self-report physical activity questionnaire. CRF was calculated using a previously-validated equation that incorporates sex, age, body-mass index, resting heart rate, and self-reported physical activity. A series of linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, APOE4 status, and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk were used to analyze the relationship between CRF and PI. Results: Inverse associations were found between CRF and mean PI in the inferior ICA (p = .001), superior ICA (p = .035), and basilar artery (p = .040). No other cerebral vessels revealed significant associations between CRF and PI (p≥.228). Conclusions: Higher CRF was associated with lower PI in several large cerebral vessels. Since increased pulsatility has been associated with poor brain health and reported in persons with AD, this suggests that aerobic fitness might provide protection against cerebrovascular changes related to the progression of AD clinical syndrome.

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CHONG, C. T., WEI LI und YUE YANG. „NONSTANDARD MODELS IN RECURSION THEORY AND REVERSE MATHEMATICS“. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 20, Nr. 2 (Juni 2014): 170–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2014.14.

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AbstractWe give a survey of the study of nonstandard models in recursion theory and reverse mathematics. We discuss the key notions and techniques in effective computability in nonstandard models, and their applications to problems concerning combinatorial principles in subsystems of second order arithmetic. Particular attention is given to principles related to Ramsey’s Theorem for Pairs.

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Shimohama, Shun. „Nicotinic Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection in Neurodegenerative Disease Models“. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 32, Nr. 3 (2009): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.32.332.

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Khan, Kanza M., Adam D. Collier, Darya A. Meshalkina, Elana V. Kysil, Sergey L. Khatsko, Tatyana Kolesnikova, Yury Yu Morzherin, Jason E. Warnick, Allan V. Kalueff und David J. Echevarria. „Zebrafish models in neuropsychopharmacology and CNS drug discovery“. British Journal of Pharmacology 174, Nr. 13 (05.04.2017): 1925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.13754.

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Andreadou, Ioanna, Rainer Schulz, Lina Badimon, Adriana Adameová, Petra Kleinbongard, Sandrine Lecour, Panagiota‐Efstathia Nikolaou et al. „Hyperlipidaemia and cardioprotection: Animal models for translational studies“. British Journal of Pharmacology 177, Nr. 23 (17.01.2020): 5287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.14931.

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Cleary, Simon J., Mélia Magnen, Mark R. Looney und Clive P. Page. „Update on animal models for COVID‐19 research“. British Journal of Pharmacology 177, Nr. 24 (02.11.2020): 5679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.15266.

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Kokras, N., und C. Dalla. „Sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders“. British Journal of Pharmacology 171, Nr. 20 (01.07.2014): 4595–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12710.

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Im, Jinwoo, Calogero B. Rizzo und Felipe P. J. de Barros. „Resilience of Heterogeneous Aquifers Evaluated from Different Dose-Response Models of Bisphenol A“. Proceedings 48, Nr. 1 (12.11.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06423.

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With the growing concerns over emerging contaminants in indirect potable reuse (IPR) applications, we investigate the impact on human health risk of emerging contaminants introduced into groundwater. Some emerging contaminants have potential endocrine-related health effects at a specific exposure range that is much lower than current guidelines. We start by analyzing Bisphenol A (BPA), which is one of the frequently detected emerging contaminants in groundwater. The objective of this study is to understand how the non-trivial toxicity of BPA affects the estimation of human health risks and, consequentially, aquifer resilience. Based on our results, we aim to provide indications on how to improve water resources management in BPA contaminated sites. We use numerical methods to model BPA contamination of a three-dimensional aquifer, and human health risks and aquifer resilience are estimated at a control plane representing an environmentally sensitive target. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to compute uncertainty associated with two levels of heterogeneity. In order to evaluate health risks due to BPA, two types of Dose-Response (DR) models are considered: the monotonic DR model for general exposure and the non-monotonic DR model for prenatal/postnatal exposure. The aquifer resilience is defined as the capacity to recover the state where groundwater is considered potable (i.e., negligible health risks due to BPA). When using the non-monotonic DR model, computational results indicate that the aquifer resilience reduces and its uncertainty increases as the aquifer heterogeneity increases. On the other hand, the aquifer resilience considering the monotonic DR model enhances, and its uncertainty increases relatively smaller than the one considering the non-monotonic DR model. In addition, the variability of the aquifer resilience is controlled by the residence time of the BPA plumes at the control plane, which is related to the volumetric flow rate at the front side of the contamination source. Finally, the decision-making strategy for BPA contaminated sites should be established in accordance with the heterogeneous structure of aquifer and land uses that determines which DR model of BPA is more important in estimating the aquifer resilience.

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