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1
Rasbury, E. Troy, und N. Gary Hemming. „Boron Isotopes: A “Paleo-pH Meter” for Tracking Ancient Atmospheric CO2“. Elements 13, Nr. 4 (01.08.2017): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.13.4.243.
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The boron isotope composition of calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms has the unique potential to record surface ocean pH, allowing the calculation of atmospheric pCO2 due to the established relationship between pH and the partial pressure of (atmospheric) CO2 (pCO2). This “paleo-pH meter” allows scientists to produce a record of the natural fluctuations of atmospheric pCO2 over geologic time, which will help us better understand the impacts of the recent anthropogenic addition of CO2 to Earth's atmosphere. Towards this end, a tremendous effort to understand the systematics of boron uptake in marine carbonates is underway. Here, we review the potential of boron isotopes to constrain ocean pH and, thus, atmospheric pCO2.
2
Dighe, Priyamvada M. „Design simulation studies of pipe mounted boron concentration meter“. Annals of Nuclear Energy 134 (Dezember 2019): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2019.07.021.
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I.S., Kryukov, Kozyr D.V. und Mukhamedov K.A. „Modernization of the Data Processing Device for the Boron Concentration Meter“. KnE Engineering 3, Nr. 3 (21.02.2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i3.1607.
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Currently all nuclear power plants with VVER -reactors used data measuring systems called a Boron Concentration Meter (NAR). They are necessary for the boron control implementation. NAR consists of sensors and auxiliary devices, and it includes the device of storage and data processing (UNO). Both the rapid evolution of computer architectures, and associated microprocessor hardware updates in the electronics market create a necessity of a new device development. The main design goals both are to optimize the hardware solutions and to use a new software and algorithmic capabilities. However, another development goal is not only the upgrading of circuitry and software, but the optimization of calibration process in the NAR and testing it.
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Chen, Ke, Bai Song, Navaneetha K. Ravichandran, Qiye Zheng, Xi Chen, Hwijong Lee, Haoran Sun et al. „Ultrahigh thermal conductivity in isotope-enriched cubic boron nitride“. Science 367, Nr. 6477 (09.01.2020): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6149.
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Materials with high thermal conductivity (κ) are of technological importance and fundamental interest. We grew cubic boron nitride (cBN) crystals with controlled abundance of boron isotopes and measured κ greater than 1600 watts per meter-kelvin at room temperature in samples with enriched 10B or 11B. In comparison, we found that the isotope enhancement of κ is considerably lower for boron phosphide and boron arsenide as the identical isotopic mass disorder becomes increasingly invisible to phonons. The ultrahigh κ in conjunction with its wide bandgap (6.2 electron volts) makes cBN a promising material for microelectronics thermal management, high-power electronics, and optoelectronics applications.
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Hwang, Seong Jin, Yu Jin Kim, Seung Bo Shim und Hyung Sun Kim. „Chemical Durability of Frits Used in Process of Plasma Display Panels“. Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (Juni 2007): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.435.
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The chemical reaction between water and frit surface was determined using pH meter, ICP-MS, zeta-potential analyzer and FT-IR. With increasing the content of barium and boron of glass composition, the difference of water pH increased with different glass systems. During wet milling in aqueous solution, boron and barium of glasses dissolved. The values of zeta potential of lead and bismate frits were negative in water solution. Based on the results, when wet milling is used in water solution, the contents of barium and boron in a glass should be less than 10mol%.
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Deshmukh, H. K., D. H. Paithankar, P. K. Nimbolkar, R. K. Dewangan und C. Awachare. „Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on Reproductive Attributes of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in Hasta bahar Cropping Season“. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2016): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v11i1.107.
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Plant growth regulators and micronutrients at various combinations [GA3 50ppm + Cycocel 1000ppm + KNO30.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1%; GA3 50ppm + Cycocel 2000ppm + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1%; GA3 50ppm + Paclobutrazol 2.5g a.i./tree (soil application) + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% Boron 0.1%; GA350ppm + Paclobutrazol 3.5g a.i./tree (soil application) + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1%; GA3 50ppm + Paclobutrazol 1000ppm (foliar application) + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1%; and, GA3 50ppm + Paclobutrazol 2000ppm + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1%] were sprayed before flower emergence in acid lime. Minimum days taken to emergence of flower bud (39.57), duration of flowering (24.07), days to 50% fruit set (6.54) and days taken to fruit maturity (145.90) were observed with application of GA3 50ppm + Paclobutrazol 3.5g a.i./tree (soil application) + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1% (T5), whereas, fruit drop (5.92%) was minimum with GA3 50ppm + Cycocel 2000ppm + KNO3 0.2% + Zn 0.3% + Boron 0.1% (T3). Treatment T3 also increased the number of flowers per meter length of shoot (49.65) as well as fruit yield (8.90).
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Kong, Chidong, Hyunsuk Lee, Taewoo Tak, Deokjung Lee, Si Hwan Kim und Seokjean Lyou. „Accuracy Improvement of Boron Meter Adopting New Fitting Function and Multi-Detector“. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 48, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2016): 1360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2016.06.012.
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Liu, Tian Yu, Wei Jiang Zhang und Jiao Xu. „Study on Preparation of Boric Acid with Boron Trifluoride Methanol Complex“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (Februar 2015): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.276.
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With boron trifluoride methanol complex as raw material, the hydrolysis reaction of boron trifluoride was used to prepare the boric acid. The addition of calcium carbonate is aim to remove the hydrogen fluoride generated in the reaction process, The ultimate objective is making the material being the product of boric acid maximum. Reaction time (T), the ratio of raw materials (molar ratio) and the amount of water were investigated in the influence of the purity and yield of boric acid. The conductivity of mixed solution was determined by conductivity meter, the results determines the end point of the reaction for 20 hours, the optimum solid-liquid ratio is three to one, the amount of water for each mole of boron trifluoride is corresponding 2L distilled water. Product of boric acid yield was 96.26%, the purity was 95.34%.
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Tahir R. Dizayee, Alwand. „The Effect of Boron, Humic Acid and Interference on Water Productivity and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea)“. Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 9, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 139–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol9.iss2.92.
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An experiment has been carried out at field in Gardmalla/Qushtapa with reading GPS (longitude 440035E, Latitude 360023N) ,414 meter above sea level, 15.5 Km far Southern of Erbil city during the Winter season of 2017 to test the effect of application humic acid in soil and spraying boron on the growth and productivity of water on cauliflower. Factorial experiment 3 (humic acid) (0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 using) × 4 (boron foliar) ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg B ha-1 ) using solid snow cultivars in RCBD with three replicates.Planting solid snow cultivars was done on 11/7/2017 (seeding date), 10 /8 /2017 (transfer to field) and 22/12/ 2017 picking or harvesting date. Irrigation water was applied at 35% depletion to the depth of total plant root and calculate the depth of water applied up to field capacity. Irrigation system is surface flow irrigation through line pipe provided with meter gages for measuring water applied.The results show that the application of boron and humic acid increase significantly all growth and yield parameters of cauliflower improved the highest values of leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm) and chlorophyll content (mg/cm2), recorded 47.67 cm, 28.45 cm and 40.66 mg/cm2; 75.39 cm, 37.55 cm and 43.11 mg/cm2 and 80.0 cm, 40.29 cm and 47.33 mg/cm2 in treatment 2 kg ha-1 of boron foliar and 0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of humic acid addition, respectively. The values of curd weight (kg), curd diameter (cm) and total yield (Mg/ha) values were 0.97 kg, 19.45 cm and 25.38 Mg/ha; 1.33 kg, 22.33 cm and 32.66 Mg/ha and 1.40 kg, 23.78 cm and 36.53 Mg/ha in treatment 2 kg ha-1 of boron foliar and 0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of humic acid application, respectively. Values of water productivity (Kg/m3) ranged between 6.25 to 12.18 Kg fresh (green) curd m-3 water applied.
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Subedi, Thaneshwar. „Analysis of plant nutrient elements of soil in Pokhara“. Himalayan Biodiversity 6 (02.12.2018): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hebids.v6i0.33533.
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The study was carried out to analyse plant nutrient elements present in soil samples from different part of Pokhara metropolitan city and to compare them with standard recommended values. The plant nutrient elements of soil samples nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, zinc, iron, copper, and boron were analyzed by using specific techniques. The PH was analysed by PH meter, organic matter by gravimetric method, nitrogen by Kjeldal method and phosphorus by Olsen’s method (1954) of analysis. Similarly, the amount of zinc, iron and copper were determined by chemical method, potassium by flame photometer method, and boron by using a spectrophotometer. The essential macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potash remained within the permissible limit for most of the samples. The essential micronutrients zinc, copper and boron in four samples were within the acceptable range. The content of iron was higher than that required as an essential crop nutrient. The observed values of plant nutrient elements expressed that the sampling area could be used for agricultural cultivation and production.
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Shin, Jungwoo, Geethal Amila Gamage, Zhiwei Ding, Ke Chen, Fei Tian, Xin Qian, Jiawei Zhou et al. „High ambipolar mobility in cubic boron arsenide“. Science 377, Nr. 6604 (22.07.2022): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn4290.
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Semiconductors with high thermal conductivity and electron-hole mobility are of great importance for electronic and photonic devices as well as for fundamental studies. Among the ultrahigh–thermal conductivity materials, cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) is predicted to exhibit simultaneously high electron and hole mobilities of >1000 centimeters squared per volt per second. Using the optical transient grating technique, we experimentally measured thermal conductivity of 1200 watts per meter per kelvin and ambipolar mobility of 1600 centimeters squared per volt per second at the same locations on c-BAs samples at room temperature despite spatial variations. Ab initio calculations show that lowering ionized and neutral impurity concentrations is key to achieving high mobility and high thermal conductivity, respectively. The high ambipolar mobilities combined with the ultrahigh thermal conductivity make c-BAs a promising candidate for next-generation electronics.
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Marpaung, Agustina Erlinda, Bina Karo und Rasiska Tarigan. „Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Wortel (Daucus carota) Varietas Lokal Melalui Pemangkasan Cabang dan Pemupukan Boron“. Jurnal Hortikultura 27, Nr. 1 (22.06.2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p45-54.
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<p>Teknik perbenihan perlu diperhatikan untuk mendapatkan benih wortel bermutu. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan oleh teknik perbenihan / pemilihan umbella sebagai sumber bibit kurang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih wortel melalui perlakuan pemangkasan cabang dan pemberian pupuk boron. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2014 di kebun percobaan Berastagi, dengan ketinggian ± 1340 meter dpl, jenis tanah andisol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, dimana faktor 1: Teknik Pemangkasan (P<sub>0</sub>. Tanpa pemangkasan, P<sub>1</sub>. Pemangkasan cabang tersier, P<sub>2</sub>. Pemangkasan cabang primer dan tersier) dan faktor 2 = Dosis Pupuk Boron (Bo. 0, B1. 5 kg/Ha, B2. 10 kg/Ha dan B3. 15 kg/Ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemangkasan cabang tersier pada perbenihan wortel dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 15.12% – 23.91%, diameter cabang sekunder 17.87% – 19.97%, bobot kotor benih 66.87 – 70.62%, bobot bersih benih 62.85% – 70.62% dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa 32.82% – 44.52%. Pemberian pupuk boron dengan dosis 15 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 60.89%, bobot kotor benih 59.85%, bobot bersih benih 67.68% dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa ±58.32% dibanding tanpa pemberian boron. Persentase tumbuh benih dapat ditingkatkan (49.28 – 51.89%) dengan perlakuan pemangkasan cabang tersier dan pemberian pupuk boron 5- 10 kg/ha.<strong></strong></p>
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Sung, Si Hyeong, und Hee Reyoung Kim. „Experimental characterization of the accuracy of multidetector boron meter for operational safety of reactors“. International Journal of Energy Research 42, Nr. 8 (23.03.2018): 2701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4059.
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Kumar, K. M., und P. Hariharan. „PREDICTION AND INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS WHILE TURNING SG IRON WITH CUBIC BORON NITRIDE (CBN) AND TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERTS“. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1009.
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This work compares the effect of cubic boron nitride (CBN) and multilayer (TiCN+Al2O3+TiN) coated tungsten carbide (WC) tools during the turning of spheroidal graphite (SG) nodular iron. Nodular irons have more ductility which is required in mechanical components that demand high fatigue resistance like crankshafts, cam shafts, bearing caps and clutch housings. The impact of various process parameters like the depth of cut, cutting speed and feed on the surface roughness (Ra) of SG iron is studied and optimized using the response surface model. The chip morphology is also discussed for evaluation of the quality of the turned surface. The experimental outcomes reveal that the WC tool offers a high surface finish at the optimal combination of the cutting speed at 102 meter/minute, feed at 0.051 millimeter/revolution and depth of cut at 0.5 millimeter and that, for the CBN insert, at 245 meter/minute of cutting speed, 0.051 millimeter/revolution of feed and 0.75 millimeter of depth of cut.
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Dai, Qi-Dong, Guo-En Fu, Can-Hui Wang, Xun-Cheng Zong, Hong-Bo Wang und Can Cui. „Analysis of the physical properties of a boron meter based on He-3 neutron detector“. Alexandria Engineering Journal 112 (Januar 2025): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.013.
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Adamik, Michal, Róbert Drlička, Milan Matúš und Ján Žitňanský. „Effectiveness of Hard Turning“. Advanced Materials Research 801 (September 2013): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.801.109.
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Hard turning is a turning operation performed on hard materials (hardness more than 45 HRC) in order to reach surface roughness close to that obtained in grinding. The development of this technology was accompanied by the development of new cutting materials such as cutting ceramics, cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond. Especially cubic boron nitride has found its use in hard part turning operations because of its characteristics. However, new cutting materials result in new questions, which researchers are trying to solve. The major consideration for a user of this relatively new technology is the quality of parts produced and how the new cutting material will behave during machining. This paper aims to document and describe the process of wear on the cutting edge of a tool made from cubic boron nitride of a different grade and with a different geometry of the cutting edge, and its influence on surface roughness and quality. Wear was documented by a digital microscope with measurement option. Surface roughness was measured by a roughness meter. A notable observation from this research is that the flank wear of the cutting tool has a large impact on the quality of machined parts (especially surface finish and surface integrity) [1].
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Chandrawanshi, Lila Ram, und Rajesh Singh. „Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 8 (26.05.2023): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81969.
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The field experiment entitled “Response of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was conducted Response of during the rabi season of 2022 in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.6), EC (0.305 d S/m), organic carbon (0.23%), available N (184.8 kg/ha), available P (16.45 kg/ha) and available K (187.64 kg/ha). Seeds are sown at a spacing of 23 cm × 5 cm to a seed rate of 100 kg/ha. Consisting of three nitrogen levels (45, 60 and 75 kg N/ha) on different Concentration of Boron viz., 1, 1.5 and 3% foliar spray. The experimental result reveals that growth parameters viz., plant height (102 cm), number of tillers/running row meter (95.66), plant dry weight (19.08 g) and Yield attributes viz., No. of effective tillers/m2 (200.33), number of grains/spike (52.60), seed yield (4.81 t/ha) and straw yield (6.48 t/ha) recorded to be significantly higher with treatment 9 (75 kg N/ha + 3% Boron).
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Gan, Changxian, Tian Wan, Xianbin Liu, Hongbao Han, Kang An und Xiqing Hu. „Research on improving the reliability of flow measurement of first circuit coolant medium sampling system in nuclear power plant“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2378, Nr. 1 (01.12.2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2378/1/012020.
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Abstract The accuracy of flowmeter of the first circuit coolant sampling system in nuclear power plant affects the measurement of the Boron meter. If the fault treatment cannot be completed in time, the reactor state needs to be withdrawn, which will affect nuclear safety and cause great economic losses. In this paper, a feasible improvement scheme is proposed by analyzing the causes of instrument failure, researching the optimization direction, and adopting measures such as seismic analysis, prototype verification, split design, and interference suppression, which effectively improves the reliability of nuclear sampling flow measurement in nuclear power plants.
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Naz, Raja Mohib Muazzam, Haider Ali, Qandeela Nigar, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Hanif, Waqas Ahmed Dogar, Kazim Ali und Aish Muhammad. „Understanding the Impact of Zinc and Boron Applications on Growth and Yield Attributes in Potato“. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 5, Nr. 02 (28.08.2024): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.290.
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Research examines the impact of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on the growth, and yield of potato plants. The screen house experiment used four treatments: T1 (Control), T2 (Zn 5g/L), T3 (B 2g/L), and T4 (Zn 5g/L + B 2g/L). Growth characteristics were evaluated, such as the emergence percentage, plant vigor, number of stem /meter2, plant height, and stem diameter. In addition, essential yield metrics such as number of tubers, tuber weight (g), dry matter content, and specific gravity were also assessed. The findings indicated that concurrent administration of T4 had a substantial positive impact on the plant's vitality, height, stem thickness, and stem density per square meter compared to the control group. This suggests a cooperative influence of these micronutrients on the growth of plant structures. However, in terms of yield qualities, the use of Zn alone T2 led to the greatest tuber weight, dry matter content, and specific gravity. Showing that Zn plays a crucial role in maximizing tuber growth and quality. The treatment T4 enhanced yield parameters compared to the control, but it did not exceed the effects of either Zn or B individually in T2 and T3. This emphasizes the intricate interaction between these nutrients. However, when it comes to maximizing yield attributes in potato cultivation, using Zn alone may be more successful. The results indicate that customizing the management of micronutrients could optimize the growth and output of potatoes, hence enhancing agricultural productivity. Additional research is advised to investigate the most effective dosages and combinations
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Sasaki, Michiko, und Masahiro Goto. „Piezoelectric effect of crystal nanodomains on the friction force“. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, Nr. 5 (September 2022): 052803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001881.
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Reduction and control of the friction force are important from the viewpoint of energy conservation, and novel approaches for achieving this are desirable. The friction force of the boron-doped zinc oxide (B-ZnO) coating on a stainless-steel type-440C substrate was moderated by controlling the B-ZnO crystal nanodomains' piezoelectric effect. The nanoscale and macroscale friction forces, as well as the B-ZnO coating's piezoelectric effect, were measured using lateral force microscopy, friction and wear meter, and piezo response microscopy devices, respectively. The distribution of the friction force's magnitude agreed well with that of the piezoelectric effect. The present study suggests that the friction force can be moderated by controlling the piezoelectric effect in the coating's nanodomains, which constitutes one method for controlling the friction force.
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Li, Yan, Lizheng Sha, Huifang Zhao und Cheng Huang. „Preparation and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant air filter paper“. BioResources 14, Nr. 4 (12.09.2019): 8499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8499-8510.
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Four flame retardants and styrene-acrylic latex were used to make flame-retardant air filter paper via emulsion impregnation. The compositions and flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardants were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardance of air filter paper was evaluated using TGA and limiting oxygen index (LOI) meter, and the physical properties and pore structure of the flame-retardant air filter paper were measured using stiffness tester, burst tester, and aperture analyzer. The results showed that the optimal ratio of flame retardant to styrene-acrylic latex was 1:1.4. The synergistic effect of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen made FR3 have good flame-retardant effect on air filter paper. Air filter paper with FR3 also had good physical strength and suitable pore size distribution.
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Kayode James Adedoyin, Funminiyi Michael Oyekunle und John Simon. „Determination of linear attenuation coefficient of aggregate serpentine concrete exposed to gamma and neutron radioactive sources“. International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 4, Nr. 1 (30.01.2023): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2023.4.1.0068.
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This research was designed to perform linear attenuation calculations for ordinary concrete both through simulation and experiment. The linear attenuation coefficient is an essential parameter for radiation shielding design for both source transport casks and storage bunkers. The shielding properties of concrete designed with Serpentine aggregates of different granule sizes were investigated. The simulation was performed using Radpro computer Software while the experiment involved sourcing for local Serpentine rock, crushing into four different granule sizes of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm respectively and casting the concrete samples, exposure of the samples to gamma and neutron radioactive sources and monitoring with a radiation survey meter, sample weight measurements and concrete sample crushing using a load testing machine for determination of the concrete compressive strength. The results of the linear attenuation calculations showed that there was high consistency in the values obtained by simulation with those obtained via experiment. Very high linear attenuation property was observed when the serpentine concrete samples were exposed to a neutron source, which corroborates the fact that Serpentine rock is a Boron-rich mineral and Boron is known to have high neutron absorption property. The experimentally determined linear attenuation coefficients showed that the values at 15 mm aggregate sizes were higher than those at 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm sizes respectively, which demonstrates that better shielding optimization, will be obtained when the concrete cask is fabricated with 15 mm aggregate size.
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Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban, Álvaro de Jesús Tamayo Molano, Carolina Ortiz Muñoz und Juan Camilo Henao Rojas. „Response of mint (Mentha spicata L.) crops to chemical and organic fertilization“. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 76, Nr. 3 (01.09.2023): 10465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102451.
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With the purpose to define the appropriate doses in the production of mint cultivation, this research was conducted in three locations (Gibraltar, Arboleda and Aguacatal) of the municipality of Jardín, Antioquia. The soils of these localities are andisols, with medium contents of organic matter, low in interchangeable bases, low in phosphorus and boron, with characteristics of low fertility. For this research, Mentha spicata L. (mint) was seeded at a distance of 0.3x0.3 m, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions, with five increasing doses of compound fertilizer (10-30-10) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1), in combination of five increasing doses of organic fertilizer (0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7 t ha-1), and one control with a biological fertilizer. In five foliage harvests, the highest dry matter (DM) yields were achieved with the application of 180 and 120 kg ha-1 of 10-30-10, with yields of 156 and 158 g of DM per square meter, respectively.
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Morrison, Kayla, Bruce Dunn, Carla Goad und Charles Fontanier. „Comparison of Automated Controller Settings for Irrigation and Fertilizer Needs of Potted Geranium“. HortTechnology 34, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2024): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05487-24.
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The future of agricultural water availability is threatened by climate change, population growth, and environmental regulations. Most of the global water is being used for crop irrigation. The objective of this research was to determine optimum timer-based controller settings and controlled-released fertilizer rates for ‘American Red’ (Pelargoium ×hortorum) potted geranium plants. Fertilizer was top-dressed at 3, 6, or 9 g. Plants were irrigated by a timer-based controller set to water at 11:00 AM every other day for 2 minutes, 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 2 minutes per day, and a control of manual hand watering. Data regarding plant growth, soil and leaf nutrients, and water use were collected. For geranium growth factors, the total flowers per plant was greatest for irrigation at 11:00 AM for 1 minute with 6 g fertilizer. Plant height and shoot dry weight were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. The number of umbels and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. For geranium soil nutrient content, the pH was greatest for 3 g fertilizer, whereas the electrical conductivity, potassium, nitrate, sulfate, and boron were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. Regarding the nutrient content of the leaves, total nitrogen, boron, iron, and copper were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. Water use efficiency was greatest with 6 and 9 g fertilizer and irrigation 1 minute per day at 11:00 AM. The findings indicated that using timer-based controlled irrigation systems programmed to water for 1 minute during the morning with 6 g fertilizer resulted in plants that not only reduced water consumption but also enhanced water use efficiency and overall plant quality.
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Kristiantoro, Tony, und Novrita Idayanti. „Aplikasi Magnet Berpengikat (Bonded) NdFeB untuk S-band Circulator pada Rentang Frekuensi 2,00-4,00 GHz“. Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 14, Nr. 2 (29.06.2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v14.51-55.
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Circulator merupakan perangkat elektronik yang memiliki fungsi penting pada suatu sistem pemancar dan penerima gelombang frekuensi radio (RF), di mana magnet permanen dapat berfungsi sebagai pengarah gelombang (waveguide). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggantikan magnet permanen barium ferit (BaFe12O19) yang umumnya digunakan pada circulator dengan magnet permanen berpengikat (bonded) neodymium besi boron (NdFeB). Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah serbuk NdFeB crashed ribbon dengan menggunakan metode pengepresan green-compact yang divariasikan pada tekanan 25, 50, 75, dan 100 kg.cm-2 dan dilanjutkan proses pemanasan pada temperatur 200 C selama 60 menit. Karakterisasi sifat magnet dilakukan dengan Permagraph, diperoleh nilai intrinsik optimum dari sampel 100 kg.cm-2 , induksi remanen (Br) = 5,37 kG, koersifitas (HcJ) = 4,74 kOe, produk energi maksimum (BHmax) = 2,39 MGOe, dan densitas (ρ) = 4,89 gr.cm-3 . Hasil pengukuran kuat medan permukaan (B) dengan Gauss-meter menunjukkan nilai 800 G. Magnet dengan karakteristik optimum diterapkan pada circulator kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Vector Network Analyzer dan menghasilkan voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) = 1,354, isolasi = -17,165 dB dan kerugian penyisipan = -0,200 dB pada titik kerja 3,00 GHz, sehingga magnet berpengikat (bonded) NdFeB ini dapat diterapkan pada S-band circulator yang bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 2,00-4,00 GHz.
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Elmtalab, Soheil, Ahmad Shanei, Mohammad Hossein Choopan Dastjerdi, Hrvoje Brkić, Iraj Abedi und Alireza Amouheidari. „DETERMINATION OF THE NEUTRON CONTAMINATION DURING BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY USING A MODERATED-BORON TRIFLUORIDE DETECTOR AND THE MCNP MONTE CARLO CODE“. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, Nr. 3 (Februar 2022): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncac001.
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Abstract This study aimed to determine the neutron dose equivalent to the thyroid gland and eye lens in brain tumor radiation therapy with 15- and 18-MV three-dimensional conformal methods (3D-CRT). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code to calculate neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)). Afterward, these parameters were measured using a model NRD roentgen equivalent in man (REM) neutron detector (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) equipped with Eberline’s ASP-2e rate meter. Finally, the organ neutron dose equivalent was obtained by applying depth corrections to the measured ambient dose equivalent at the distance of the organ center from the central beam axis. The ratio of the out-of-field photon dose equivalent, measured previously, to the neutron dose equivalent in the eye lens was high due to its proximity to the radiation field. In contrast, this ratio remained unexpectedly high in the thyroid gland that is far from the central beam axis (about 15 cm). The calculated neutron parameters agreed with the measurements. The present study findings indicate that external field photon dose is the main source of thyroid gland biological effects in radiotherapy of brain tumors. In addition, it is appropriate to apply the model NRD REM neutron detector for measuring neutron contamination from high-energy linear accelerators inside and outside the treatment field.
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Zobiole, Luiz Henrique Saes, César de Castro, Fábio Alvares de Oliveira, Adilson de Oliveira Júnior und Adônis Moreira. „Sunflower micronutrient uptake curves“. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000200016.
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Most studies in the literature regarding the uptake of micronutrients [zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and boron (B) accumulation] by sunflower are old. For this reason, this work is aimed to establish curves of sunflower micronutrient accumulation in tropical edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was conducted in field on Rhodic Eutrudox, located at the experimental farm of Embrapa Soja in Londrina-PR, using the commercial hybrid BRS 191. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. The experimental units consisted of 14 lines with a spacing of 0.70 meter between lines and 25.0 meters in length, with final density of 42,858 plants per hectare. Plants samples were collected every 14 days after emergence. After each collection, plants were divided into petiole, leaf, stem, capitulum and achenes. They were dried until reaching constant weight. Then, dry matter was weighed and the concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B were determined in the vegetal tissue. Micronutrient uptake occurred faster in the phase initiated 42 days after emergence (DAE). Iron was the most absorbed micronutrient, accumulating higher amounts in the achenes as well as in relation to the total absorbed. Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Cu concentrations were 38.06, 19.68, 9.20, 8,62 and 4.27 mg plant-1, respectively.
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Hossain, Akbar, MAZ Sarker, MA Hakim, Mst T. Islam und ME Ali. „Effect of Lime, Magnesium and Boron on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Residual Effects on Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)“. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 1, Nr. 1-2 (22.02.2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923.
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The study was carried out during 2007-2008 season in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur to know the effect of lime, Magnesium (Mg) and Boron (B) on yield and yield components of wheat and also their residual effect on mungbean. The geographical position of the area is between 25°62´ N, 88°63´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, both in wheat and mungbean. Treatments for wheat were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) recommended fertilizer + lime + B + Mg, (III) recommended fertilizer + lime + Mg, (IV) recommended fertilizer + lime + B and (V) control (Only recommended fertilizer) and for mungbean were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) 75% of recommended dose, (III) recommended fertilizer + B, (IV) recommended fertilizer + Mg and (V) control (without fertilizers). Results showed that the highest yield and yield components of wheat were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + B + Mg treated plot and the second highest were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + Mg treated plot. The lowest was recorded in control plot (only recommended fertilized). In case of mungbean the highest was found from recommended fertilizers + B treated plot, this treatment was limed in previously cultivated wheat crop and the lowest was recorded from control plot (without fertilizer). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 9-15, December, 2011
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Liu, Chun, Tieling Xing, Bingju Wei und Guoqiang Chen. „Synergistic Effects and Mechanism of Modified Silica Sol Flame Retardant Systems on Silk Fabric“. Materials 11, Nr. 10 (27.09.2018): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101842.
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The nano-silica sol was prepared by sol-gel method, and the boric acid, urea, cyanoguanidine, melamine cyanurate (MCA), 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), and 6H-dibenz (C,E) (1,2) oxaphosphorin-6-oxide (DOPO) were added to the silica sol to modify the flame retardant through physical doping and chemical bonding. According to the formula proposed by Lewin, the calculation of flammability parameters were obtained by the limiting oxygen index meter, the micro calorimeter, the vertical burner, and the thermogravimetric analyzer proved that there was a synergistic or additive effect between the B/N/P flame retardant and the silica sol. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to characterize the morphology, structure, and pyrolysis products of treated silk fabric and residues after combustion. The results show that the flame retardancy of silica-boron sol is mainly caused by endothermic reaction and melt covering reaction. Silicon-nitrogen sol acts as a flame retardant through endothermic reaction, release of gases, and melting coverage. Silicon-phosphorus sol achieves flame retardancy by forming an acid to promote formation of a carbon layer and melting coverage. Silica sol and other flame retardants show excellent flame retardanty after compounding, and have certain complementarity, which can balance the dosage, performance, and cost of flame retardants, and is more suitable for industrial development.
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Pongpiachan, Siwatt, Kanjana Thumanu, Charnwit Kositanont, Klaus Schwarzer, Jörg Prietzel, Phoosak Hirunyatrakul und Itthipon Kittikoon. „Parameters Influencing Sulfur Speciation in Environmental Samples Using Sulfur K-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure“. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/659858.
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This paper aims to enhance the credibility of applying the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy as an innovative “fingerprint” for characterizing environmental samples. The sensitivities of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra of ten sulfur compound standards detected by two different detectors, namely, Lytle detector (LyD) and Germanium detector (GeD), were studied and compared. Further investigation on “self-absorption” effect revealed that the maximum sensitivities of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra were achieved when diluting sulfur compound standards with boron nitride (BN) at the mixing ratio of 0.1%. The “particle-size” effect on sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum sensitivities was examined by comparing signal-to-noise ratios of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter of less than 10 millionths of a meter(PM10)collected at three major cities of Thailand. The analytical results have demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratios of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra were positively correlated with sulfate content in aerosols and negatively connected with particle sizes. The combination of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) has proved that sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum can be used to characterize German terrestrial soils and Andaman coastal sediments. In addition, this study highlighted the capability of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra as an innovative “fingerprint” to distinguish tsunami backwash deposits (TBD) from typical marine sediments (TMS).
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Routh, P. K., N. C. Sarkar, P. K. Das, D. Debnath, S. Bandyopadhyay und U. Raj. „RETRIVAL OF BIO-PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN SUNFLOWER CROP (<i>HELIANTHUS ANNUUS</i>) USING FIELD BASED HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (26.07.2019): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-623-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Information on several crop bio-physical parameters is important as inputs for crop growth modelling, leaf stress analysis, crop health study and productivity point of view. Conventionally, biophysical parameters are measured in laboratory methods which are time consuming, laborious and destructive in nature. With the advent of remote sensing technology, the limitations of conventional methods can be overcome. Moreover, due to its narrow absorption bands at different wavelength, use of hyperspectral remote sensing becomes very useful in retrieving several bio-physical parameters. In the present study, field as well as laboratory based spectro-radiometer observations were carried out at Agronomy Department of VisvaBharati University, West Bengal, on Sunflower crop at its peak vegetation stage towards retrieving different bio-physical parameters, specifically leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content index (CCI), fluorescence etc. Different foliar boron (no boron, 0.15% and 0.20%) and irrigation (4&ndash;6 irrigations) treatments, i.e. total nine treatments with three replications, were applied on sunflower crop during different phenological stages to achievemaximum ranges of the bio-physical parameters. The LAI, CCI and fluorescence parameters were collected using canopy analyzer,chlorophyll content meter and portable gas exchange system, respectively. In each of the treatments, total four hyperspectral measurements were collected, which were further corrected for noise and smoothened using Savitzky-Golay filtering. Total thirty-four narrow band indices were computed based on the hyperspectral data, and the regression analysis was carried out among the indices and bio-physical parameters. The regression parameters were further deployed on the hyperspectral indices to retrieve the bio-physical parameters. The Gitelson & Merzylak-1 (GM-1) and Carter Indices-1 (CI-1) were found to the best indices for retrieving the LAI and CCI, respectively with correlation correlation (r) values of 0.87 and 0.80. On the other hand, Normalized Phaenophytinization Index (NPQI) and GM-1 were found to best for retrieving the Fv/Fm (dark) and Fvˈ/Fmˈ (light) with correlation(r)values of 0.92 and 0.76, respectively. Hence, the hyperspectral remote sensing be successfully utilized for retrieving several bio-physical parameters both at field (canopy level) and laboratory (leaf level) conditions.</p>
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Jaszczak, John A., Madhusudan A. Savaikar, Douglas R. Banyai, Boyi Hao, Dongyan Zhang, Paul L. Bergstrom, An-Ping Li, Juan-Carlos Idrobo und Yoke Khin Yap. „Simulation of Charge Transport in Disordered Assemblies of Metallic Nano-Islands: Application to Boron-Nitride Nanotubes Functionalized with Gold Quantum Dots“. MRS Proceedings 1700 (2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.731.
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ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate the charge-transport behavior in a disordered one-dimensional (1D) chain of metallic islands using the newly developed multi-island transport simulator (MITS) based on semi-classical tunneling theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The 1D chain is parameterized to model the experimentally-realized devices studied by Lee et al. [Advanced Materials25, 4544-4548 (2013)], which consists of nano-meter-sized gold islands randomly deposited on an insulating boron-nitride nanotube. These devices show semiconductorlike behavior without having semiconductor materials. The effects of disorder, device length, temperature, and source-drain bias voltage (VSD) on the current are examined. Preliminary results of random assemblies of gold nano-islands in two dimensions (2D) are also examined in light of the 1D results.At T = 0 K and low source-drain bias voltages, the disordered 1D-chain device shows charge-transport characteristics with a well-defined Coulomb blockade (CB) and Coulomb staircase (CS) features that are manifestations of the nanometer size of the islands and their separations. In agreement with experimental observations, the CB and the blockade threshold voltage (Vth) at which the device begins to conduct increases linearly with increasing chain length. The CS structures are more pronounced in longer chains, but disappear at high VSD. Due to tunneling barrier suppression at high bias, the current-voltage characteristics for VSD > Vth follow a non-linear relationship. Smaller islands have a dominant effect on the CB and Vth due to capacitive effects. On the other hand, the wider junctions with their large tunneling resistances predominantly determine the overall device current. This study indicates that smaller islands with smaller inter-island spacings are better suited for practical applications. Temperature has minimal effects on high-bias current behavior, but the CB is diminished as Vth decreases with increasing temperature.In 2D systems with sufficient disorder, our studies demonstrate the existence of a dominant conducting path (DCP) along which most of the current is conveyed, making the device effectively quasi-1-dimensional. The existence of a DCP is sensitive to the device structure, but can be robust with respect to changes in VSD.
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Chung, Chen-Kuei, und Chin-An Ku. „An Effective Resistive-Type Alcohol Vapor Sensor Using One-Step Facile Nanoporous Anodic Alumina“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 7 (29.06.2023): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071330.
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With the increases in work environment regulations restricting alcohol to 1000 ppm, and in drink-driving laws, testing for alcohol with a simple method is a crucial issue. Conventional alcohol sensors based on sulfide, metal oxide, boron nitride or graphene oxide have a detection limit in the range of 50–1000 ppm but have disadvantages of complicated manufacture and longer processing times. A recent portable alcohol meter based on semiconductor material using conductivity or chemistry measurements still has the problem of a complex and lengthy manufacturing process. In this paper, a simple and effective resistive-type alcohol vapor sensor using one-step anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is proposed. The nanoporous AAO was produced in one-step by anodizing low-purity AA1050 at room temperature of 25 °C, which overcame the traditional high-cost and lengthy process at low temperature of anodization and etching from high-purity aluminum. The highly specific surface area of AAO has benefits for good sensing performance, especially as a humidity or alcohol vapor sensor. With the resistance measurement method, alcohol vapor concentration of 0, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 ppm correspond to mean resistances of 8524 Ω, 8672 Ω, 9121 Ω, 9568 Ω, 10,243 Ω, and 11,045 Ω, respectively, in a linear relationship. Compared with other materials for detecting alcohol vapor, the AAO resistive sensor has advantages of fast and simple manufacturing with good detection limits for practical applications. The resistive-type alcohol vapor-sensing mechanism is described with respect to the resistivity of the test substance and the pore morphology of AAO. In a human breath test, the AAO sensor can quickly distinguish whether the subject is drinking, with normal breath response of −30% to −40% and −20% to −30% response after drinking 50 mL of wine of 25% alcohol.
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Kucukomeroglu, T., und S. M. Aktarer. „Microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of FSWed DP 800 steel“. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, Nr. 81 (01.04.2017): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2038.
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Purpose: Dual phase (DP) steels are widely used in the automotive industry due to their properties of a high balance of strength and formability. However, it is known that conventional welding of high strength steel leads to some undesirable results such as hardness decrease in the heat affected zone. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid state joining method, which is used to join these steels due to its advantage of low heat input. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructural change and mechanical properties of friction stir welded DP800 steel. Design/methodology/approach: DP 800 steels with 1.5 mm thickness were subjected to friction stir welding, by using a tungsten carbide (WC) tool. The tool was tilted 2°, and downforce of the tool was kept constant at 6 kN. During processing, the tool rotation and traverse speed were fixed at 1600 rpm and 170 mm∙min-1, respectively. Findings: The friction stir welded region comprises martensite, bainite, refined ferrite. The average microhardness of stir zone has increased from 260 HV0.2 to about 450 HV0.2. The tensile sample shows a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (σUTS) about 3%, from 827 MPa to 806 MPa for the joint. The yield strength (YS) of the joint is about 566 MPa and the value is near that of DP800. Research limitations/implications: The tungsten carbide tool used for the friction stir welding has suffered deterioration in the pin profile after 1 meter welding operation. It may be advisable to drill a pre-hole in the specimens for a longer tool life. Practical implications: Tool wear for industrial applications will be a major problem. Therefore, the use of tools with high wear resistance such as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride may be recommended. Originality/value: Works on friction stir welding of dual phase steels are limited and they mostly focus on spot welding. Also, this study systematically investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase 800 steels after the friction stir welding.
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Hashim, Syed Alay, Srinibas Karmakar, Arnab Roy und Muazu Abubakar. „Evaluation of Boron Combustion for Ducted Rocket Applications Using Condensed Product Analysis“. Defence Science Journal 74, Nr. 2 (26.03.2024): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.74.18685.
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Boron, a metalloid, produces high energy upon combustion. It is recommended as an ingredient for fuel or propellant in rocket propulsion, despite the challenge of extracting its full thermal energy. So far no one has claimed the complete energy conversion of boron upon combustion. On the other hand, the current propulsion system of the Meteor missile uses boron-loaded propellant. The boron-loaded propellant provides an approximately three-fold increase in specific impulse compared to conventional propellants. The present study focuses on boron-HTPB-based solid fuels impregnated with early ignited particles as additives, aiming to assess the combustion performance of boron particles. These additives are magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), and activated charcoal (C), and their effects are evaluated based on the residual active boron content in the condensed combustion products (burned residues). An economical tool commonly called stagnation flow or opposed flow burner (OFB) is used to deflagrate the fuel sample by means of pressurized oxygen gas. The condensed combustion products are examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Among the fuel combinations investigated here, magnesium has been found to be a good burning enhancer of boron, leaving the lowest active boron content (30%) in the burned-out residue. The current research aims to develop an efficient boron-containing solid fuel for hybrid propellant ducted rocket engine applications.
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M Manalu, Friska, und Juniar Hutahaean. „PEMETAAN PERMUKAAN DASAR PERAIRAN DANAU TOBA DESA SIBAGANDING KECAMATAN GIRSANG SIPANGAN BOLON MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT SONAR“. EINSTEIN e-JOURNAL 10, Nr. 3 (31.10.2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/einstein.v10i3.39515.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kedalaman perairan di daerah Sibaganding kepada masyarakat serta hasil visualisasi topografi kedalaman perairan. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan sensor sonar Garmin Aquamap 80XS diletakkan di lambung kapal hingga mengenai air dan menentukan lintasan yang akan diteliti. GPS dipasang untuk menerima sinyal, tidak boleh terhalang, dan bekerja pada ruangan terbuka. GPS bekerja pada referensi waktu sangat teliti yang memancarkan data menunjukkan lokasi dan waktu. Pada saat kapal berjalan, sinyal pulsa yang dipancarkan oleh radar akan diterima oleh transduser, keluarannya akan diproses untuk tampilan pada layar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lintang 98,936 sampai lintang 98,934 dengan jarak 3,6 meter dari Pantai Bebas termasuk perairan dangkal karena mempunyai kedalaman 50 meter sampai 200 meter. Dengan jarak 6 meter dari pinggir Pantai Bebas posisi lintang 98,93 mempunyai kedalaman 572 meter. Posisi lintang 98,924 kedalaman Sibaganding kembali dangkal dengan kedalaman 200 meter. Kemudian bergerak 2 meter dengan posisi lintang 98,922 kedalaman di daerah Sibaganding 289 meter. Posisi bujur 2,678 sampai bujur 2,688 adalah titik terdalam dari kedalaman perairan di daerah Sibaganding, pada posisi bujur 2,682 dengan kedalaman 686 meter.
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Asokan, Arunchander, Shada Abu Khalla und Matthew E. Suss. „(Digital Presentation) Electrocatalytic Evaluation of Atomically Dispersed Cobalt on to Boron-Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon as Chloride Tolerant Cathodes for Desalination Fuel Cells“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 42 (09.10.2022): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02421605mtgabs.
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In recent years, the demand on drinking water escalates the research on desalination technology. Existing desalination technologies utilize fossil fuel driven electricity which gains the researchers attention to develop the use of renewable resources. To address this, we have developed a novel device named desalination fuel cell (DFC), [1] that simultaneously desalinate the feed water and generate electricity by the anodic hydrogen oxidation and cathodic oxygen reduction. The bottleneck of DFC performance largely depends on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) [2] and requires highly active catalysts. Herein, platinum nanoparticles deposited on activated carbon (Pt/C) is recognized as the state-of-the-art catalysts, however, the scarcity, cost and stability limited the usage in the real application. In addition, the catalyst surface poisoning due to chloride ions (Cl−) from the feed water deteriorates Pt/C catalytic activity in DFC. Therefore, the seek for chloride tolerant and highly active ORR catalysts for DFC are of interest. Several electro-catalysts have been investigated for chloride tolerance ORR activity [3-5]. Very recently, we have reported Fe/N/C as Cl- tolerant ORR catalyst with an on-set potential of 0.84 V vs. RHE in the presence of Cl- ions was on par with that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C in acidic medium [6]. The optimized Fe/N/C catalyst was utilized in DFC cathodes and delivered the highest open circuit voltage of 1.6 V on comparison with Pt/C cathode (1.46 V). The present work describes the synthesis and ORR evaluation of atomically dispersed Co nanoparticles on to boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon catalyst. The catalyst was derived using high temperature pyrolysis of Co and B incorporated zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) and systematically evaluated with respect to oxygen reduction activities. The effect of B and Co concentration, and pyrolysis temperature were analyzed using XRD, BET sorption studies, XPS and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Fig. 1a shows transmission electron microscopic image of Co/B/N/C catalyst. It is noteworthy that the black spots indicate the presence of atomically dispersed Co nanoparticles on to carbon support material. Flake-like surface morphology is observed for the catalyst synthesized in the present study (Fig. 1a inset). Fig. 1b shows the comparative ORR linear sweep voltammograms (LSVs) of Co/B/N/C and Pt/C catalysts with and without chloride ions. Notably, almost 140 mV difference in onset potential is observed for Pt/C in the presence of Cl– ions. However, Co/B/N/C catalyst exhibits nearly 10 mV difference in onset potential after the addition of Cl– ions in both acidic and alkaline media. The results show that Co/B/N/C catalyst is tolerance towards Cl– ions in acidic as well as alkaline media. The optimized Co/B/N/C catalyst was utilized as cathode in an indigenous DFC device and the performance was evaluated at room temperature. The DFC device was constructed as three compartments viz., anode, desalination and cathode as shown in the Fig. 2a [6]. In an identical operating condition, the highest OCV of 1.58 V was observed for Co/B/N/C cathode compared with that of Pt/C cathode (1.49 V). Notably, the Pt/C cathode delivered a peak power density of 15.7 mW cm-2 at a load current density of 19.0 mA cm-2. However, Co/B/N/C cathode exhibit a peak power density of 12.1 mW cm-2 at a load current density of 16.5 mA cm-2 (Fig. 2b) which is on-par with the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. Simultaneously, the desalted water concentration was measured using conductivity meter and the results are presented in Fig. 2c. At OCV, the desalted water concentrations were measured to be 0.39 and 0.37 M for Co/B/N/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively. At 16.5 mA cm-2 load current density, concentration of the desalted water was 0.2 M for Co/B/N/C catalyst and for Pt/C, the concentration at 16.5 mA cm-2 current density was 0.15 M. From the above polarization and concentration profiles, Pt/C shows enhanced performance over in-house synthesized, however, considering non-precious catalyst, the observed results for Co/B/N/C are much appreciable. We are hopeful that the results discussed in this study will provide insights in designing anion tolerant catalyst for the improved DFC performance. Reference Atlas, S. Abu Khalla, M. E. Suss, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 134517. Abdalla, S. Abu Khalla, M. E. Suss, Electrochem. commun. 2021, 132, 107136. Malko, T. Lopes, E. Symianakis, A. R. Kucernak, J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 142. Mamtani, D. Jain, A. C. Co, U. S. Ozkan, Catal. Lett. 2017, 147, 2903. Tylus, Q. Jia, H. Hafiz, R. J. Allen, B. Barbiellini, A. Bansil, S. Mukerjee, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2016, 198, 318. A. Asokan, S. Abu-Khalla, S. Abdalla, M. E. Suss, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 1743. Figure 1
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Ullah, Izhar, Mithat DİREK und Dina Chamidah. „EFFECT OF BORON ON GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF PEA CULTIVARS“. Journal of Natural Sciences and Learning 3, Nr. 1 (31.03.2024): 38–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jnsl.v3i1.137.
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An experiment was conducted to know the “Effect of boron on growth and seed yield of pea cultivars” under the agro climatic conditions of Palosi Peshawar at the Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2022. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The experiment consisted of two factors: First factor was different levels of boron, control, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0 %, and boron were added to the main plot, while the other was the pea cultivars Climax, Leena Pak, and Meteor, which were planted in the sub-plot. Different pea cultivars and the foliar application of boron both have a significant impact on pea growth, yield, and seed production. The number of primary branches per plant (13.1), the number of leaves per plant (120.8), the height of the plant (103.5 cm), number of pods per plant (16.6), the length of pod (11.1 cm), the diameter of pod (13.8 mm), number of seeds per pod (10.3), seed yield per plant (160.5), root fresh weight (4.6 g) and the total yield per hectare were all significantly increased by foliar spray of boron. According to the research, foliar application of boron should be applied at a rate of 0.75 % for better growth and production. Pea cultivar Climax should be grown under the agro climatic conditions Peshawar. Keywords: Boron, growth and seed yield, pea cultivars.
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Krismono, Adriani Sri Nastiti, und A. S. Sarnita. „PENILAIAN ULANG LIMA LOKASI SUAKA PERIKANAN DI DANAU TOBA BERDASARKAN KUALITAS AIR DAN PARA METER PERIKANAN LAINNYA“. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 9, Nr. 3 (17.03.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.9.3.2003.1-11.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai ulang lima suaka (reservat) perikanan di Danau Toba berdasarkan pada kualitas air dan parameter perikanan lainnya. Kelima reservat perikanan yang dinilai ulang adalah: Suaka Tiga Raja, Kecamatan Girsang S.P. Bolon (Stasiun l), Suaka Sitanggang Bao, Kecamatan pangururan (S-tasiun ll), Suaka Lumban Gaol, Kecamatan Balige (Stasiun lll), Suaka Bakklra, Kecamtan Muara (stasiun VI) Suaka Togging, Kecamatan Merek (Stasiun V).
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Suardi, Suardi, Wira Setiawan, Muhammad Uswah Pawara, Andi Mursid Nugraha Arifuddin, Alamsyah Alamsyah und Widya Yulia Astin. „PERAMALAN BEBAN PENERANGAN KAPAL RO-RO 32.45 METER MENGGUNAKAN METODE ZCM (ZONAL CAVITY METHOD)“. Jurnal Media Elektrik 20, Nr. 3 (24.08.2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59562/metrik.v20i3.48604.
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Sistem penerangan di atas kapal penumpang kapal ro-ro 32.45 meter masih menggunakan lampu fluorescent atau biasa disebut sebagai lampu neon, lampu ini dipandang kurang efektif mengingat berbagai penelitian menyebutkan bahwa lampu fluorescent memiliki dampak negatif berupa kandungan mercury yang membahayakan lingkungan dan daya yang lebih boros dibandingkan dengan menggunakan lampu LED. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji tingkat penghematan daya generator untuk penerangan setelah mengganti lampu fluorescent menjadi lampu LED. metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode lumen atau biasa disebut metode ZCM (Zonal Caviti Method). Hasil penelitian di dapatkan jumlah beban listrik penerangan pada penerangan fluorescent yang telah di akumulasikan tiap deck sebesar 24.41 kW, sedangkan penerangan dengan jenis penerangan LED di dapatkan beban listrik penerangan sebesar 12.49 kW. Sehingga dengan hasil yang tertera di atas didapatkan efisiensi daya sebesar 11.92 kW yang kemudian akan di simulasikan pada desain gambar 3D.
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Sung, Si Hyeong, und Hee Reyoung Kim. „Development of accuracy enhancement system for boron meters using multisensitive detector for reactor safety“. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 52, Nr. 3 (März 2020): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2019.08.004.
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Galichkina, E. A., S. M. Nadezhdkin und D. A. Makarenkov. „Use of water-soluble microfertilizers for growing meteor table variety watermelon“. Vegetable crops of Russia, Nr. 4 (19.07.2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-4-87-91.
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Relevance. In connection with the introduction of various types of chelated microfertilizers into production, it is necessary to develop new elements of varietal technology for the cultivation of melons and gourds in order to obtain stable yields in the arid conditions of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region. These studies will be relevant in this period of time.Material and technique. The object of research is watermelon, variety Meteor. We studied the types and methods of using chelate microfertilizers: Helaton Extra, Chelate B, Chelate Fe. Fertilizers were used for soaking seeds before sowing and for foliar treatment of plants during the growing season.Results. During the research period of 2019-2021, new forms of microfertilizers were studied. As a result of the research, new preparations for different methods of processing had a positive effect on the growth and development of table watermelon plants. The evaluation of the results obtained showed a positive effect of new microfertilizers on the germination energy and seed germination. The maximum growth of lashes was recorded when seeds were soaked before sowing: Helaton Extra preparation and foliar feeding of plants during the growing season with microfertilizer boron chelate. The best results of increasing the leaf surface were obtained in variants with the use of Helaton Extra microfertilizer for soaking seeds and treating plants on vegetative organs. Accordingly, the highest yield was obtained when using Helaton Extra fertilizer for seed treatment before sowing and spraying plants during the growing season. The output of marketable products was noted at a fairly high level. The average weight of the fetus in all studied variants ranged from 5.9 kg to 7.8 kg. The length of the growing season in all variants increased slightly. Comparative analysis of growth processes and productivity of watermelon variety Meteor when using new forms of water-soluble fertilizers for seed soaking and foliar treatment of plants showed greater efficiency from their use.
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Isrofi, Azis, Shoffin Nahwa Utama und Oddy Virgantara Putra. „RANCANG BANGUN ROBOT PEMOTONG RUMPUT OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN WIRELESS KONTROLER MODUL ESP32-CAM BERBASIS INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)“. Jurnal Teknoinfo 15, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/jti.v15i1.675.
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Teknologi robotika dewasa ini telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Perkembangan teknologi robotika ini dapat membantu pekerjaan manusia. Salah satu pekerjaan manusia yang dapat dibantu oleh robot adalah memotong rumput. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Fajar Rinto Hadi Putra, Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo dan Jecky Yusakh Akay tentang robot dapat dikontrol pada jarak optimal tidak lebih dari 7,2 meter dan kecepatan mata pisau pemotong rumput tidak dapat dikontrol, sehingga baterai menjadi boros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah merancang sebuah prototype robot pemotong rumput menggunakan wireless kontroler modul ESP32-CAM berbasis IoT dan actuator pemotong rumput dapat dikontrol melalui web browser. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan ESP32-CAM sebagai mikrokontroler, modul kamera OV2640 sebagai monitoring area rumput yang akan dipotong, modul wifi ESP32 sebagai koneksi antara robot dengan perangkat kontroler robot, dan motor brushless sebagai penggerak mata pisau pemotong rumput. Penggunaan motor brushless ini dapat dikontrol kecepatannya menggunakan modul ESC30A, sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan daya baterai. Hasil kontroler robot dapat diakses dengan menggunakan ip address yang didapatkan dari acces point yang terhubung pada modul ESP32 CAM. Ip address dapat diakses melalui web browser pada perangkat laptop atau smartphone sehingga robot dapat dikontrol dengan jarak jauh. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa robot pemotong rumput dapat memotong rumput dengan kontroler wifi dengan jarak kontrol 50 meter. Penggunaan motor brushless pada mata pisau pemotong rumput dapat kontrol kecepatan putaran aktuatornya, sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan baterai sebesar 0,16V permenit dengan kecepatan maximal.
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LATIFAH, NUR LAELA, und ERWIN YUNIAR RAHADIAN. „Energy Saving Building Strategies through The Application of Solar Control Glass“. ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, Nr. 2 (19.05.2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i2.388.
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ABSTRAKSesuai dengan konsep Green Building, desain bangunan harus memperhatikan penghematan energi operasional bangunan. Semakin besar beban termal, maka semakin boros konsumsi energi listrik. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan energi listrik adalah dengan mengurangi beban termal eksternal, sehingga pemilihan jenis solar control glass merupakan aspek yang sangat penting. Metoda analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Sebagai kasus studi yaitu Gedung Kantor Pengelola Bendungan Sei Gong di Batam, dan berdasarkan perhitungan Calculator OTTV akan ditentukan alternatif solar control glass yang tepat agar memenuhi syarat dengan batas maksimal OTTV di Indonesia (45 Watt per meter persegi). Manfaat penelitian ini adalah memperoleh masukan pemilihan tipe kaca yang tepat berdasarkan SHGC, pada kasus bangunan kantor.Kata kunci: Hemat energi operasional bangunan, Overall Thermal Transfer Value, Solar Control Glass, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient ABSTRACTIn accordance with the Green Building concept, building designs must pay attention to building operational energy savings. The greater the thermal load, the more wasteful the electricity consumption of the AC system. One way to reduce AC loads is to reduce external thermal loads, then choosing the type of solar control glass is a very important aspect. The method of analysis is done quantitatively. As a case study is Sei Gong Dam Management Office Building in Batam, and based on OTTV Calculator calculation an appropriate solar control glass alternative will be determined to meet the requirements with the maximum OTTV limit in Indonesia (45 Watt per square meter). The benefit of this research is to get input on selection of the right type of glass based on SHGC, in the case of office buildings.Keywords: Energy saving on building operation, Overall Thermal Transfer Value, solar control glass, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
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Rahmatullah Saepudin Putra, Rizky Iqbal, Cece Suhendi und Asti Maulani Lestari. „PERENCANAAN GEDUNG SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS DENGAN SISTEM PELAT SATU ARAH DAN DUA ARAH“. Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 1, Nr. 2 (29.03.2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v1i2.12.
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Pelat merupakan salah satu komponen struktur yang memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan fungsi kegunaan bangunan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pelat dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu sistem pelat satu arah dan sistem pelat dua arah. Perbedaannya terletak pada asumsi distribusi beban yang disalurkan ke balok. Pada beberapa model bangnunan, terdapat model yang hanya cocok dengan sistem pelat dua arah, begitu pun sebaliknya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan studi perbandingan dilihat dari segi efisiensi biaya dan kebutuhan material. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung ke lapangan untuk mendapatkan ukuran lahan. Objek penelitian berupa gedung sekolah dua lantai dengan ukuran denah kelas 9x8 meter, dilakukan analisa dengan metode perencanaan elastis. Setiap dimensi komponen struktur dibuat serupa antara sistem pelat satu arah dan dua arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selisih anggaran biaya antara sistem pelat satu arah dan dua arah senilai 2%, lebih ekonomis sistem pelat dua arah. Perbedaan yang signifikan terletak pada volume beton. Sistem pelat satu arah lebih boros pada balok anak senilai 35%. Sementara untuk besi tulangan, sistem pelat satu arah 10% lebih banyak daripada sistem pelat dua arah
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Norma, Soraya, Eko Noerhayati, Bambang Suprapto und Muhammad Rizal A’rofi. „Persamaan linier Tinggi Bukaan Pintu Air Terhadap Kecepatan Aliran dengan Kedalaman Basah di saluran irigasi berbasis IoT Desa Sukoanyar“. Journal Innovation of Civil Engineering (JICE) 4, Nr. 1 (03.06.2023): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jice.v4i1.19886.
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Pengaturan air irigasi penting untuk diperhatikan supaya pemanfaatan pintu air dapat efisien dan optimal yang bisa berdampak air boros atau malah kekurangan saat digunakan . Untuk mengatur Untuk mengukur bukaan pintu air dapat pada penelitian kali ini menggunakan teknologi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Diharapakan dengan teknologi ini bisa membantu para petani untuk mengoptimalkan kontrol air pada saluran irigasi dan sistem tanam. Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan secara matematis antara tinggi pintu air irigasi berbasis Internet of Things terhadap hidrolika aliran pada saluran irigasi Desa Sukoanyar Kecamatan Pakis dengan tinggi bukaan pintu yang berbeda dengan masing-masing tinggi bukaan pintu terdapat 6 titik, 4 titik berada sebelum pintu dan 2 titik setelah pintu. Data yang diproses dalam penelitian ini adalah data geometri dan data topografi saluran, dimensi pintu air, dan kecepatan aliran air. Tahapan awal dalam analisa adalah menghitung nilai geometri saluran, kemudian mengolah nilai kecepatan aliran pada setiap hasil percobaan. Untuk mendapatkan data kecepatan aliran menggunakan metode langsung dengan menggunakan alat current meter yang dilakukan dalam lima kali percobaan pada setiap titik.. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa tinggi bukaan pintu air irigasi (IoT) berpengaruh terhadap berubahnya nilai dinamika saluran dengan analisa matematik persamaan nonlinear.
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Simangunsong, Sonya, und Walbiden Lumbantoruan. „Keadaan Permukiman Penduduk di Kelurahan Tigaraja Kecamatan Girsang Si Pangan Bolon Kabupaten Simalungun“. JURNAL GEOGRAFI 3, Nr. 2 (01.08.2011): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v3i2.7357.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: Keadaan permukiman penduduk ditinjau dari kualitas rumah, kebersihan rumah, penataan bangunan rumah tinggal di Kelurahan Tigaraja. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penduduk yang berumah tangga dan bermukim di Kelurahan Tigaraja dengan jumlah 490. Sampel ditentukan 10% sehingga jumlahnya 49 KK. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah komunikasi tidak langsung dan observasi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Keadaan permukiman ditinjau dari kualitas rumah tinggal di Kelurahan Tigaraja adalah pada umumnya (95,91%) penduduk menghuni rumah berlantai semen dan keramik/ubin berarti tergolong layak huni. Di lihat dari jenis atap rumah sudah seluruhnya penduduk menghuni rumah dengan atap seng/asbes dan atap genteng sehingga sudah layak huni. Dilihat dari dinding sebahagian besar penduduk (63,37%) menghuni rumah dengan dinding keramik dan batu bata atau sudah sesuai dengan syarat kesehatan, selanjutnya dari luas ruang kamar tidur, sebahagian besar (71,43%) penduduk memiliki luas ruang kamar tidur tidak seimbang dengan jumlah anggota rumah tangga atau tidak layak huni. (2) Keadaan permukiman ditinjau dari kebersihan lingkungan rumah tinggal mayoritas (83,70%) penduduk membuang sampah tidak pada tempatnya tidak sesuai dengan syarat kesehatan, kemudian di lihat dari pembuangan air limbah sebahagian besar (60,46%) penduduk memiliki saluran air yang lancar atau sesuai dengan syarat kesehatan. (3) Keadaan permukiman ditinjau dari penataan bangunan rumah tinggal adalah sebahagian besar (69,39%) penduduk belum memenuhi persyaratan penataan bangunan atau (jarak bangunan terhadap tepian danau toba minimal 50 meter) sehingga belum sesuai dengan syarat.Kata Kunci : Permukiman Penduduk, Kualitas, Kebersihan, Penataan.
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Pratama, Andree Fajar, Syamsyarief Baqaruzi und Ali Muhtar. „Quality of Service Packet Loss Pada Sistem Home Monitoring Water Flow Berbasis Internet of Things“. ELECTRON : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 2, Nr. 1 (30.05.2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/electron.v2i1.2369.
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Perilaku boros air bersih menyebabkan semakin banyak orang yang kehilangan akses terhadap air bersih. Penggunaan air di dalam rumah tangga selama ini masih sangat sulit untuk dilakukan pengelolaan dalam penggunaan air secara efektif. Kelangkaan air bersih adalah situasi saat terjadinya kekurangan air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Penelitian ini menmbangun sistem Home Water Flow Monitoring (HEROIG) berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) untuk melakukan monitoring dan controlling penggunaan air pada rumah. Perangkat keras menggunakan NodeMCU sebagai mikrokontroler serta mengirimkan hasil sensing debit air oleh sensor water flow yang akan dikirimkan ke cloud server. Pengontrolan dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi android HEROIG yang telah dibuat dan terintegrasi dengan sistem IoT yang harus bekerja dalam koneksi jaringan yang baik. Pengujian kualitas koneksi jaringan atau Quality of Services (QoS) khususnya packet loss menggunakan dua parameter yaitu dari waktu dan jarak. Hasil pengujian packet loss parameter waktu dengan pengujian enam detik sekali dalam waktu satu menit memiliki nilai rata-rata packet loss 1,13%, kemudian untuk pengujian parameter jarak dengan selisih setiap jarak adalah empat meter memiliki nilai rata-rata packet loss 0,15%. Hasil pengujian tersebut menunjukan kualitas pengiriman data sensor ke cloud server memiliki parameter QoS packet loss kategori sangat baik, karena memiliki nilai packet loss <3%.
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Chen, Yi-Wei, Yi-Yen Lee, Chun-Fu Lin, Po-Shen Pan, Jen-Kun Chen, Chun-Wei Wang, Shih-Ming Hsu et al. „Salvage Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumor Patients in Compliance with Emergency and Compassionate Use: Evaluation of 34 Cases in Taiwan“. Biology 10, Nr. 4 (15.04.2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040334.
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Although boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising treatment option for malignant brain tumors, the optimal BNCT parameters for patients with immediately life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors remain unclear. We performed BNCT on 34 patients with life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors and analyzed the relationship between survival outcomes and BNCT parameters. Before BNCT, MRI and 18F-BPA-PET analyses were conducted to identify the tumor location/distribution and the tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratio (T/N ratio) of 18F-BPA. No severe adverse events were observed (grade ≥ 3). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 50.0% and 85.3%, respectively. The mean overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) times were 7.25, 7.80, and 4.18 months, respectively. Remarkably, the mean OS, CSS, and RFS of patients who achieved a complete response were 17.66, 22.5, and 7.50 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis identified the optimal BNCT parameters and tumor characteristics of these patients, including a T/N ratio ≥ 4, tumor volume < 20 mL, mean tumor dose ≥ 25 Gy-E, MIB-1 ≤ 40, and a lower recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class. In conclusion, for malignant brain tumor patients who have exhausted all available treatment options and who are in an immediately life-threatening condition, BNCT may be considered as a therapeutic approach to prolong survival.
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Adamu, Patience I., Muminu O. Adamu, Hilary I. Okagbue, Laban Opoola und Sheila A. Bishop. „Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method“. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, Nr. 4 (22.02.2019): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.109.
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BACKGROUND: Cancer is a deadly malignant disease and is prevalent in Sub Saharan Africa. The North East part of Nigeria in particular and the country, in general, are struggling to cope with the increasing burden of cancer and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. The situation is worsened by the ongoing insurgency and terrorist activities in the area.
AIM: The aim of this paper is to present the research findings from a cohort study aimed at the analysis of the estimation of the survivorship time of the real data of cancer patients in the North-eastern part of Nigeria and to establish if the insurgency in the region has contributed negatively to the life expectancy of its inhabitants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The record of 1,090 patients from medical records departments of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), located in Maiduguri, the capital city of Borno State in northeast Nigeria was obtained. The record showed patients that were diagnosed and died of one type of cancer or the other from 2004 to 2017. All the cancer cases included in the present study were grouped into sex, age, marital status, occupation, date admitted and date of death/discharge. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyse the data using SPSS version 23 while Microsoft EXCEL and Minitab 16.0 were used for data cleansing and organisation.
RESULTS: Of the 1,090 patients analysed, 920 (84.40%) experienced the event, i.e. death, while 170 (15.60%) patients were censored. The data were analysed based on the ages and sex of the patients. 50.20% of the patients were of ages 21-50 years. The proportions of patients in this age bracket surviving past 7 days are 75%, while those between ages 80 years and above is 12 days. Others are of survival time of 5 days (ages 0-20 years) and 7 days (51-79 years). Using sex, 75% of the patients’ survival time is 7 days in the case of male and 6 days for females. It is safe to say that the survival time for cancer patients of the university the Maiduguri is 6 days and the result reflects the Northeastern part of Nigeria. This is because the hospital is one of few tertiary healthcare facilities in that area and consequently, cancer cases are often referred there.
CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence is high, and the probability of survival reduces as the survival time increases. This is a dire situation in need of urgent intervention from the government, groups and individuals to tackle the scourge of cancer, thereby improving on the life expectancy battered by the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in that region.