Thematische Bibliographien / Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology"

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Mark, M. P., C. W. Prince, T. Oosawa, S. Gay, A. L. Bronckers und W. T. Butler. „Immunohistochemical demonstration of a 44-KD phosphoprotein in developing rat bones.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, Nr. 7 (Juli 1987): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.7.3295029.

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Polyclonal antibodies against a 44-KD phosphoprotein (44K BPP) from rat bone were raised in rabbits, affinity-purified, and used as probes to study the protein's distribution in various types of developing bones from newborn rats. Three immunostaining procedures were applied utilizing indirect immunofluorescence, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, and avidin-gold complex with silver enhancement. All methods gave essentially identical and/or complementary results. Antigenicity for anti-44K BPP was detected in endochondral and membranous bone. In the latter, it was also demonstrated in the osteoid. In the woven bone of lower jaw, immunoreactivity for anti-44K BPP antibodies was found in fibroblast-shaped cells (pre-osteoblasts) that were between the bone trabeculae but not in direct contact with bony extracellular material. In addition to these presumed osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts as well as osteocytes were strongly stained; the cytoplasmic staining was associated with the Golgi apparatus. Occasionally immunoreactivity was detected in osteoclasts, but in these cells immunostaining was either diffusely spread in the cytoplasm or present only at sites of bone erosion. These findings support the hypothesis that the 44K BPP is a protein made by osteoblasts and is localized predominantly in bone. Furthermore, the protein appears to be expressed early in histogenesis of the bone-forming cells.
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Neumann, Paul E., und Thomas R. Gest. „How many bones? Every bone in my body“. Clinical Anatomy 33, Nr. 2 (Juli 2019): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23425.

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Chinsamy, Anusuya, und Trevor H. Worthy. „Histovariability and Palaeobiological Implications of the Bone Histology of the Dromornithid, Genyornis newtoni“. Diversity 13, Nr. 5 (20.05.2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050219.

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The bone microstructure of extinct animals provides a host of information about their biology. Although the giant flightless dromornithid, Genyornis newtoni, is reasonably well known from the Pleistocene of Australia (until its extinction about 50–40 Ka), aside from various aspects of its skeletal anatomy and taxonomy, not much is known about its biology. The current study investigated the histology of fifteen long bones of Genyornis (tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi and femora) to deduce information about its growth dynamics and life history. Thin sections of the bones were prepared using standard methods, and the histology of the bones was studied under normal and polarised light microscopy. Our histological analyses showed that Genyornis took more than a single year to reach sexual maturity, and that it continued to deposit bone within the OCL for several years thereafter until skeletal maturity was attained. Thus, sexual maturity and skeletal maturity were asynchronous, with the former preceding the latter. Our results further indicated that Genyornis responded to prevailing environmental conditions, which suggests that it retained a plesiomorphic, flexible growth strategy. Additionally, our analyses of the three long bones showed that the tibiotarsus preserved the best record of growth for Genyornis.
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Nakamura, Y., A. Yamaguchi, T. Ikeda und S. Yoshiki. „Acid phosphatase activity is detected preferentially in the osteoclastic lineage by pre-treatment with cyanuric chloride.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 39, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1991): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/39.10.1940313.

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We previously reported a simple method to detect osteoid matrices in decalcified bone sections by pre-treatment with cyanuric chloride. We have applied this technique to identify osteoclasts and their precursors in rats. In JB-4 sections prepared from untreated bone tissues with cyanuric chloride, both acid phosphatase (ACP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were found not only in osteoclasts and bone marrow mononuclear cells but also in osteoblasts. In contrast, treatment of bones with cyanuric chloride resulted in staining ACP preferentially in osteoclasts and mononuclear cells adjacent to the bone surface. In the osteoclasts and most of the ACP-positive mononuclear cells, autoradiography showed calcitonin binding. Decalcification with EDTA did not affect the staining for ACP activity in bones treated with cyanuric chloride. It was possible to simultaneously identify ACP and osteoid matrix in a decalcified section. In soft tissues without treatment with cyanuric chloride, both ACP and TRAP were detected in splenic macrophages, alveolar macrophages, and proximal convoluted ducts in kidney. Neither ACP nor TRAP was found in these cell types in the tissues treated with cyanuric chloride. This procedure provides a new, simple method to identify a more restricted population in the osteoclastic lineage than that detected by TRAP staining.
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Nakano, Yukiko, Hadil F. Al-Jallad, Aisha Mousa und Mari T. Kaartinen. „Expression and Localization of Plasma Transglutaminase Factor XIIIA in Bone“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 55, Nr. 7 (19.03.2007): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.6a7091.2007.

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Transglutaminases (TGs) are protein crosslinking enzymes involved in cell adhesion and signaling and matrix stabilization and maturation, in many cell types and tissues. We previously described that in addition to transglutaminase 2 (TG2), cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts also express the plasma TG Factor XIIIA (FXIIIA). Here we report on the expression and localization of FXIIIA in bone in vivo and provide confirmatory in vitro data. Immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridization demonstrated that FXIIIA is expressed by osteoblasts and osteocytes in long bones formed by endochondral ossification (femur) and flat bones formed primarily by intramembranous ossification (calvaria and mandible). FXIIIA immuno-reactivity was localized to osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the osteoid. RT-PCR analysis revealed FXIIIA expression by both primary osteoblasts and by the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line. Western blot analysis of bone and MC3T3-E1 culture extracts demonstrated that FXIIIA is produced mainly as a small, 37-kDa form. Sequential RT-PCR analysis using overlapping PCR primers spanning the full FXIIIA gene showed that the entire FXIIIA gene is expressed, thus indicating that the 37-kDa FXIIIA is not a splice variant but a product of posttranslational proteolytic processing. Forskolin inhibition of osteoblast differentiation revealed that FXIIIA processing is regulated by the protein kinase A pathway.
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Ikegame, Mika, Sadakazu Ejiri und Hirohiko Okamura. „Expression of Non-collagenous Bone Matrix Proteins in Osteoblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretching in the Cranial Suture of Neonatal Mice“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67, Nr. 2 (16.08.2018): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418793588.

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We investigated the influence of mechanical stretching on the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous bone matrix proteins in osteoblasts. The cranial sutures of neonatal mice were subjected to ex vivo mechanical stretching. In the non-stretched control group, as osteoblast differentiation progressed, the successive genetic expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) was detected using in situ hybridization, in that order. In the stretched group, the sutures were widened, and after 24 hr of cultivation, a large number of osteoblasts and abundant new osteoid were observed on the borders of the parietal bones. All new osteoblasts expressed BSP and some of them expressed OPN, but very few of them expressed OCN. After 48 hr, more extensive presence of osteoid was noted on the borders of the parietal bones, and this osteoid was partially mineralized; all osteoblasts on the osteoid surface expressed BSP, and more osteoblasts expressed OPN than those after 24 hr cultivation. Surprisingly, many of the osteoblasts that did not express OPN, expressed OCN. This suggests that when osteoblast differentiation is stimulated by mechanical stress, the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous proteins in the newly differentiated osteoblasts is affected.
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Schwartz, Z., A. Ornoy und W. A. Soskolne. „An in vitro Assay of Bone Development Using Fetal Long Bones of Mice: Morphological Studies“. Cells Tissues Organs 124, Nr. 3-4 (1985): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146118.

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Zhang, Chenyang, Shuai Zhang und Yao Sun. „Expression of IFT140 During Bone Development“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67, Nr. 10 (25.06.2019): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155419859357.

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Primary cilia, hair-like organelles projecting from the surface of cells, are critical for sensing extracellular stimuli and transmitting molecular signals that regulate cell functions. During bone development, cell cilia are found in several types of cells, but their roles require further investigation. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the formation and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia. IFT140 is a core protein of the IFT-A complex. Mutations in IFT140 have been associated with cases of skeletal ciliopathies. In this study, we examined the expression of IFT140 during bone development. The results showed that, compared with many soft tissues, Ift140 (mRNA level) was highly expressed in bone. Moreover, its expression level was downregulated in the long bones of murine osteoporosis models. At the histological level, IFT140 was characteristically expressed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes at representative stages of bone development, and its expression level in these two types of cells was observed in two waves. These findings suggest that IFT140 may play an important role in the process of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation during bone development.
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Seiffert, D. „Detection of vitronectin in mineralized bone matrix.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, Nr. 3 (März 1996): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.3.8648088.

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Adhesive glycoproteins in the bone matrix are of critical importance for cell anchorage, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and regulation of bone metabolism. The localization of the adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin (Vn) in murine bone tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Vitronectin was present throughout the mineralized bone matrix of cancellous and cortical bone, whereas cartilage was devoid of Vn staining. To exclude the possibility that the positive Vn staining resulted from plasma Vn in blood vessels within the bone sections, adjacent tissue sections were stained with antibodies to fibrinogen, and abundant plasma protein. Fibrinogen immunoreactivity was confined to blood vessels in the bone marrow and Haversian system, whereas the mineralized bone matrix was devoid of staining. The presence of Vn in murine bones was confirmed by sequential extraction, followed by fractionation of the resulting polypeptides by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis. Hydroxyapatite affinity chromatography raises the possibility that mineral interactions, at least in part, mediate the incorporation of Vn into the bone matrix. These results indicate that Vn is a specific component of bone tissue and raise the possibility that Vn is involved in regulation of bone metabolism.
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Frota Ruchon, Andréa, Mieczyslaw Marcinkiewicz, Géraldine Siegfried, Harriet S. Tenenhouse, Luc DesGroseillers, Philippe Crine und Guy Boileau. „Pex mRNA Is Localized in Developing Mouse Osteoblasts and Odontoblasts“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 46, Nr. 4 (April 1998): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549804600405.

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Mutations in PEX, a phosphate-regulating gene with homology to endopeptidase on the X chromosome, were recently identified in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), an inherited disorder of phosphate homeostasis characterized by growth retardation and rachitic and osteomalacic bone disease. To understand the mechanism by which loss of PEX function elicits the mutant phenotype, a study of its mRNA localization and ontogenesis was undertaken. Using the reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) with polyA+ RNA purified from mouse testis, a 337-bp Pex cDNA fragment was generated and cloned in the pCRII plasmid. The cDNA was used to generate sense and anti-sense Pex riboprobes for in situ hybridization (ISH) and Northern analysis. To survey a large number of different tissues, sagittal sections of embryos and newborn mice were examined. ISH showed the presence of Pex mRNA in osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Pex gene expression was detectable on Day 15 of embryonic development, which coincides with the beginning of intercellular matrix deposition in bones. Finally, Northern analysis of total RNA from calvariae and teeth of 3-day-old and adult mice showed that the abundance of the 7-kb Pex transcript is decreased in adult bones and in nongrowing teeth. The present study demonstrates that Pex mRNA is expressed in bones and teeth and suggests that this putative endopeptidase plays an important role in the development of these tissues.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology"

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Xynos, Ioannis D. „Bioactive glasses for the in vitro synthesis of bone tissue“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11494.

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Hankey, David Patrick. „Characterisation of osteoblasts in culture and analysis of bone specific proteins“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317508.

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Saxena, Anita. „Histological techniques for estimating age at death from human bone : an Indian case study“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363129.

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Afzal, Faiza. „The role of nitric oxide in the control of osteoblast metabolism and maintenance of bone integrity“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271576.

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Souza, Caio Gonçalves de. „Análise histomorfométrica do colo femoral em pacientes com e sem fratura do colo do fêmur“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-24012008-142245/.

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Foi analisada a parte trabecular do colo do fêmur de 13 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade acima dos 60 anos, com o método da histomorfometria óssea. Sete destas pacientes tiveram fratura do colo do fêmur. Todas foram submetidas a artroplastia do quadril. O exame de densitometria óssea não mostrou diferença significativa. Na espessura média das trabéculas não houve diferença significativa, porém o número de trabéculas foi menor e a separação entre elas foi maior no grupo com fraturas.
A histomorphometry evaluation of the trabecular part of the femoral neck was performed in 13 women over 60 years old submitted to hip arthroplasty. Seven of these patients had a femoral neck fracture. The bone mineral density showed no difference between both groups. The average thickness did not have significant between both groups, but the trabecular separation was higher and the number of trabecular bone was lower in the fracture group.
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Crowe, Nicole M. Crowe. „Histomorphometric Analysis of Elderly Ribs at Various Locations“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503304250839703.

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Cole, Mary Elizabeth. „Optimizing Bone Loss Across the Lifespan: The Three-Dimensional Structure of Porosity in the Human Femoral Neck and Rib As a Metric of Bone Fragility“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1559033566505566.

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Pereira, Marcos Alexandre da Franca. „Descompressão dos segmentos timpânico e labiríntico do nervo facial via fossa craniana média“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-02052016-090526/.

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Introdução: A paralisia facial periférica caracteriza-se pela interrupção, definitiva ou temporária, do funcionamento da musculatura facial. Decorre de lesão ou mau funcionamento das fibras do nervo facial. É uma enfermidade que causa enorme impacto estético e funcional. O topodiagnóstico e o tratamento da paralisia facial periférica pode requer abordagem médica e fonoaudiológica; ser exclusivamente medicamentoso ou associado à terapia de reabilitação, ou ainda, medicamentoso e cirúrgico, seguido da reabilitação da mímica facial. A via FCM tem sido usada para a descompressão do NF quando a audição precisa ser preservada. Esse acesso pode ser realizado de forma isolada, ou combinado à via transmastóidea. Objetivo: Descrever uma técnica inovadora para a descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média que permite a exposição direta dos segmentos labiríntico e timpânico do nervo facial, com a preservação da função da orelha interna. Métodos: Vinte cabeças extraídas de cadáveres adultos de ambos os gêneros, sem sinais de malformação, traumatismo, doença ou manipulação cirúrgica prévia foram usados neste estudo. Os pontos de referência utilizados foram a artéria meníngea média, o nevo petroso superficial maior, a eminência arqueada, o seio petroso superior, e o plano meatal seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial. Foi feita a dissecação do plano meatal, com visualização do meato acústico interno, seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial até a região do gânglio geniculado. Foi aberto o tégmen timpânico e identificada a porção timpânica do nervo facial. A dissecação seguiu no sentido retrógrado da porção timpânica do nervo facial em direção ao gânglio geniculado, até a sua porção labiríntica. A aracnoide do meato acústico interno era aberta, e depois de identificado o nervo facial, a bainha deste nervo era aberta em extensão exposta. Resultados: As distâncias médias, entre o canal semicircular lateral e a porção média do cabo do martelo eram similares em ambos os lados (4,0mm±0,5mm). As distâncias médias, da porção timpânica do nervo facial até metade do cabo do martelo foram determinadas e resultaram em 2,0mm ± 0,44mm, e em 2,2mm ± 0,48mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O segmento timpânico do nervo facial apresentou, em média, comprimento total de 11mm ± 0,67mm para o lado direito, e 11,5mm±0,60mm para o esquerdo. Os comprimentos longitudinais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 16,8mm±1,67mm para o lado direito, e 16,8mm ± 1,20mm para o lado esquerdo. Já os comprimentos transversais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 5,5mm ± 1,20mm e 5,0mm ± 1,75mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O valor médio da área elíptica formada pelos comprimentos longitudinal e transversal da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram 72,5mm2 ± 22,5mm2 à direita, e 65,9mm2 ± 30,3mm2 à esquerda. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pode ser utilizada para a cirurgia de descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média, pois permite acesso aos segmentos timpânico, labiríntico e metal desse nervo, sem impor risco à audição. Pela possibilidade de acessar a porção timpânica do nervo, sem a necessidade da abertura da mastoide, o procedimento permite que se reduza o tempo cirúrgico e os riscos aos pacientes
Background: Peripheral facial palsy is characterized by the permanent or temporary interruption of the functioning of the facial muscles. The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach has been used for the decompression of the facial nerve (FN) when hearing needs to be preserved. In this work, we describe an innovative technique for the decompression of the FN through the MCF approach that allows the direct exposure of the labyrinthine and entire tympanic segment of the FN, with the preservation of inner ear function. Methods: Twenty cadavers heads were used in this study. The reference landmarks used were the middle meningeal artery, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the arcuate eminence, the inferior petrosal sinus and the meatal plane following the petrous apex from its most anterior and medial portion. Results: The tympanic segment of the FN presented, on average, a total length of 11 ± 0.67mm to the right, and 11.5 ± 0.60mm to the left. The longitudinal lengths of bone window in the tegmen tympani were 16.8±1.67mm to the right, and 16.8 ± 1.20mm to the left. The cross-sectional lengths of the bone window in the tegmen tympani were 5.5 ± 1.20mm and 5.0±1.75mm to the right and left sides, respectively. The average value of elliptical area formed by the longitudinal and transversal lengths of the bone window made in the tegmen tympani were 72.5 ± 22.5mm2 to the right, and 65.9 ± 30.3mm2 to the left. Conclusion: The proposed technique can be used for the surgical decompression of the tympanic, labyrinthine and meatal segments of the FN through the MCF, without imposing a risk to hearing, in addition to reducing the surgical time and the risk to patients
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Balabuszko, Rachel. „A Study of the Impact of a High Fat and High Cholesterol Diet on Cortical Bone in Captive Baboons“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514721084433706.

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Pacheco, Andrielle de Bitencourt. „AVALIAÇÃO ANTROPOSCÓPICA E CEFALOMÉTRICA DO PERFIL E DA TENDÊNCIA FACIAL E SUA RELAÇÃO COM AS FUNÇÕES ESTOMATOGNÁTICAS“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6547.

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Introduction: the profile and the facial tendency constitute the variation of bone and muscle structures of the individual, and may influence directly in the chewing, swallowing and breathing functions. Thus, the evaluation of these aspects is essential for Orofacial clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the cephalometric and anthrophoscopic evaluation on the classification of profile and facial tendency, as well as to evaluate the association of these skeletal features with the functions of the stomatognathic system. Method: the sample consisted of 35 childrens, aged between six and twelve years, undergoing anthroposcopic evaluation with photographic documentation, with cephalometric and otorhinolaryngology evaluation. To verify the agreement between cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation was used the Kappa test. The association between profile and the facial tendency with the stomatognathic changes was analyzed using the Qui-square and Fisher Exact Test. Was adopted a significance level of p <0.05 for all tests. Results: the concordance among the judges in the classification of profile and the facial tendency was moderate. The concordance between the cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation as to profile was not possible as to analyze and the tendency was weak. Was observed good concordance between judges for the chewing variables and weak concordance for the swallowing variables. Was not found significant association between stomatognathic function and no association was found between stomatognathic functions with the facial profile and tendency. Conclusion: concludes that assessments and cephalometric antroposcópica differ and that changes stomatognathic not depend only on a few isolated variables.
Introdução: o perfil e a tendência facial constituem a variação de estruturas ósseas e musculares do indivíduo podendo influenciar diretamente nas funções de mastigação, deglutição e respiração. Por essa razão, a avaliação destes aspectos é essencial para a atuação clínica em motricidade orofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a concordância entre a avaliação antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto à classificação do perfil e da tendência facial, bem como, analisar a associação dessas características esqueléticas com as funções do sistema estomatognático. Metodologia: a amostra foi constituída por 35 crianças, com idades entre seis e doze anos, submetidas à avaliação antroposcópica com documentação fotográfica, avaliação cefalométrica e otorrinolaringológica. Para verificar a concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica utilizou-se o teste Kappa. A associação entre perfil e tendência facial com as alterações estomatognáticas foi analisada através dos testes Qui-Quadrado e Teste Exato de Fischer. Adotou-se nível de significância p<0,05 para todos os testes. Resultados: a concordância entre as juízas na classificação do perfil e da tendência facial foi moderada. A concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto ao perfil não foi possível analisar e, quanto à tendência, foi fraca. Observou-se boa concordância entre juízas para as variáveis da mastigação e concordância fraca para as da deglutição e não foi encontrada associação entre funções estomatognáticas com o perfil e a tendência facial. Conclusão: conclui-se que as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica diferem em relação ao perfil e à tendência facial e que as alterações estomatognáticas não dependem apenas das variáveis analisadas.
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Bücher zum Thema "Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology"

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W, Axelrod Douglas, und Melsen Flemming, Hrsg. Bone histomorphometry. New York: Raven Press, 1994.

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A, Bramblett Claud, Hrsg. The anatomy and biology of the human skeleton. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988.

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Hermann, Schmidt. Borderlands of normal and early pathologic findings in skeletal radiography. 4. Aufl. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1993.

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Bones: A study of the development and structure of the vertebrate skeleton. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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J, Crabtree Pam, und Santucci Gina, Hrsg. Comparative skeletal anatomy: A photographic atlas for medical examiners, coroners, forensic anthropologists, and archaeologists. Totowa, N.J: Humana, 2008.

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Adams, Bradley J. Comparative skeletal anatomy: A photographic atlas for medical examiners, coroners, forensic anthropologists, and archaeologists. Totowa, N.J: Humana, 2008.

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1938-, Walker Alan, und Bichell David, Hrsg. The human skeleton. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1985.

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France, Diane L. Human and nonhuman bone identification: A color atlas. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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Schmidt, Hermann. Borderlands of the normal and early pathologic findings in skeletal radiography. 4. Aufl. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1993.

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Botella, Miguel C. Los huesos humanos: Manipulación y alteraciones. Barcelona: Edicions Bellaterra, 2000.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology"

1

Adler, Claus-Peter. „Normal Anatomy and Histology“. In Bone Diseases, 13–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04088-1_2.

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Agotegaray, Mariela. „Anatomy, Histology and Physiology of Bone“. In Silica-Based Nanotechnology for Bone Disease Treatment, 7–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64130-6_2.

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Grupe, Gisela, und Ute Dreses-Werringloer. „Decomposition Phenomena in Thin Sections of Excavated Human Bones“. In Histology of Ancient Human Bone: Methods and Diagnosis, 27–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77001-2_3.

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Resnick, Donald, und Mark J. Kransdorf. „Articular Anatomy and Histology“. In Bone and Joint Imaging, 16–23. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-7216-0270-3/50005-0.

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Chatterjee, Kabita. „Alveolar Bone“. In Essentials of Dental Anatomy and Oral Histology, 225. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12383_18.

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Maynard, Robert Lewis, und Noel Downes. „Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles, and Bones of the Limbs“. In Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research, 23–39. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811837-5.00004-6.

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„Light Microscopic Analysis of Macerated Pathologically Changed Bones“. In Bone Histology, 269–312. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11393-14.

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Jordan, David, Louise Mawn und Richard L. Anderson. „Orbital Bones“. In Surgical Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744268.003.0009.

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The paired orbital cavities are formed by the facial bones and serve as sockets for the eyes. The orbital bones and the structures contained within the orbit (connective tissue, fat, nerves, vessels) act to support, protect, and maximize the function of the eye. In form, the orbit is roughly a quadrilateral pyramid with rounded angles and resembles a pear. Its volume in the average individual is 30 cc, of which the eyeball contributes about 7.5 cc (range: 6.9–9.0 cc). There are four surfaces: the roof, floor, lateral wall, and medial wall. The base of the pyramid is the opening onto the face (orbital entrance) and is circumscribed by the orbital margin (or orbital rim). The orbit narrows inward to its termination, the apex. The widest portion of the orbital cavity lies 5 to 10 mm behind the orbital rim. The orbit is made up of seven bones: frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, malar, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid. Superiorly, the orbit is bordered by the anterior cranial fossa and the frontal sinus. Nasally, the ethmoid sinus is separated from the medial orbital wall by the thin lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone. Inferiorly, the maxillary sinus lies beneath the orbital floor. The lateral orbit is bordered anteriorly by the temporalis fossa, and posteriorly it borders the middle cranial fossa. The lateral and medial walls of each orbit form an angle of approximately 45 ° with each other. The two medial walls diverge somewhat posteriorly but are almost parallel to each other (being about 3 mm farther apart posteriorly than at the orbital margin). The lateral orbital walls of the two orbits form a 90 ° angle with each other. The four walls of each orbit converge posteriorly toward the apex, where the optic canal and superior orbital fissure pass into the middle cranial fossa. The overall dimensions of the orbit, especially its depth, are quite variable. An orbital surgeon cannot rely on precise measurements as a guide to the exact location of the optic canal or superior orbital fissure.
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Ralston, Stuart H. „Paget’s disease of bone“. In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 1237–44. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0144_update_002.

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Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) affects up to 1% of people of European origin aged 55 years and above. It is characterized by focal abnormalities of bone remodelling which disrupt normal bone architecture, leading to expansion and reduced mechanical strength of affected bones. This can lead to various complications including deformity, fracture, nerve compression syndromes, and osteoarthritis, although many patients are asymptomatic. Genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of PDB. This seems to be mediated by a combination of rare genetic variants which cause familial forms of the disease and common variants which increase susceptibility to environmental triggers. Environmental factors which have been suggested to predispose to PDB include viral infections, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and excessive mechanical loading of affected bones. The diagnosis can be made by the characteristic changes seen on radiographs, but isotope bone scans are helpful in defining disease extent. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels can be used as a measure of disease activity. Inhibitors of bone resorption are the mainstay of medical management for PDB and bisphosphonates are regarded as the treatment of choice. Bisphosphonates are highly effective at reducing bone turnover in PDB and have been found to heal osteolytic lesions, and normalize bone histology. Although bisphosphonates can improving bone pain caused by elevated bone turnover, most patients require additional therapy to deal with symptoms associated with disease complications. It is currently unclear whether bisphosphonate therapy is effective at preventing complications of PDB.
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Goldfinger, Eliot. „Birds“. In Animal Anatomy for Artists. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142143.003.0015.

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Bird characteristics: Body always covered with feathers; feet (toes and usually tarsometatarsus) covered with scales (thickened skin). Aquatic birds have webbed toes. No teeth; horny beak. Lightweight skeleton in flying birds (many hollow bones), with keel on sternum for attachment of flight muscles (pectoral muscles). No keel in large flightless birds (ostrich, emu, rhea). Completely bony ribs (no rib cartilage). Clavicles fused into single bone, the furculum (wishbone). Numerous neck vertebrae (number varies by species) provide great neck flexibility. Some of the middle thoracic vertebrae fused in some species (chicken); posterior thoracic, all lumbar, and all sacral vertebrae fused into synsacrum, which in turn is fused to the pelvis. Short, flexible tail terminates in stout bone (pygostyle) for support of highly mobile long tail feathers. Wing (arm) skeleton modified for flying (ostrich and penguins evolved from flying ancestors). Wrist joint automatically straightens when elbow joint is straightened; conversely, wrist joint automatically bends when elbow joint is bent. Individual hand and finger bones reduced in number and largely fused together for support of primaries (outer flight feathers). Three digits present; small third digit nonmovable. Short alular feathers attach to movable first digit. Secondaries (inner flight feathers) attach to rear edge of ulna. Three toes point forward and one points backward in most species (e.g., chicken, hawk, crow), or two toes forward and two back (e.g., woodpecker, parrot). Ostrich has two toes per foot. Toes terminate with claws. Male chicken has bony spur covered with horny sheath on tarsometatarsus.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Bone and Bones – anatomy – histology"

1

Duan, Shanzhong Shawn, und Keith M. Baumgarten. „A Computational Model of Scapulo-Humeral-Clavicle Complex via Multibody Dynamics“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12659.

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The shoulder-upper arm complex has the most mobile joint in the body and is composed of three main bones: the collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus). The shoulder joint is a non-concentric ball and socket joint. It differs from the hip, a highly stabilized, concentric ball and socket joint, that is constrained mostly by its osseous anatomy. Thus, the shoulder has more flexibility and less inherent stability than the hip because it is mainly stabilized by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The relative decrease in stability of the shoulder compared to other joints puts the shoulder at increase risk of damage by disease or injury. The constraints added by muscles, tendons, and ligaments make modeling of the shoulder a challenge task. This paper presents a multi rigid body model to describe dynamical properties of the scapulo-humeral-clavicle complex. The bones are represented by rigid bodies, and the soft tissues (tendons, ligaments and muscles) are represented by springs and actuators attached to the rigid bodies. The rigid bodies are connected by ideal kinematic joints and have fixed centers of gravity. Equations of motion of the multi rigid body model are derived via Kane’s methods. Combination of springs and actuators includes independent variables for both motion and constraint forces, the sum of which determine the activation level.
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Dumm, Christopher M., Anna C. Hiers, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, George E. Klinzing und Carey D. Balaban. „Ultrasonic Acoustic Heterodyne Transmission Into the Human Auditory and Vestibular Systems“. In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24213.

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Abstract It is well-known that airborne sound induces vibration of the eardrum, the coupled middle ear bones, and the inner ear. Sound transmission to the inner ear is attenuated by damage or dysfunction in the eardrum or ossicular chain. Corrective devices often use contact shakers to directly vibrate the temporal bone of the skull, delivering sound. We investigate an alternative, noncontact method of sound transmission that uses ultrasonic signals to transmit sound into the auditory and vestibular systems. Minimal literature exists describing ultrasonic hearing, largely due to attenuation of air-conducted frequencies above 20 kHz. High-amplitude airborne sound incident upon the skull can induce temporal bone system vibrations along an unconventional structural path. Finite-element-based acoustic modeling of the auditory and vestibular anatomy reveals resonant behavior in structural components of the middle and inner ear at ultrasonic frequencies. These “built-in sound amplifiers” can be leveraged to compensate for impedance mismatches experienced in airborne ultrasound transmission. By heterodyning (amplitude modulating) a targeted ultrasonic carrier signal with an audio signal, the nonlinearities of acoustic propagation and the auditory and vestibular sense organs allow interpretation of heterodyne signals. These techniques provide a foundation to improve a wide variety of communication equipment, including hearing aids, without interfering with balance sensations.
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