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1
Macklin, Diana C. „A comparison of cholesterol measurements via various blood sample types“. Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774768.
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There has been inconsistencies in the performance of dry-chemistry analyzers using different blood sample types. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine precision and accuracy of both capillary and venous whole blood analyzed by the Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana) and capillary plasma analyzed by the Ektachem DT60 (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York). Fifty subjects were recruited to provide a representative sample of cholesterol concentrations. One technician performed two fingerstick punctures and one venipuncture on each subject and analyzed the blood sample types in duplicate using each of the dry-chemistry analyzers. The methods and sample types utilized for comparison of total cholesterol are summarized below.ReflotronEktachem DT60Sigma2-Fingerstick whole2-Fingerstick plasma2-Venipuncture plasmablood2-Venipuncture whole2-Venipuncture plasmablood2-Veni uncture lasmaThe mean percent variation of the duplicate samples analyzed revealed all sample types, with the exception of fingerstick whole blood analyzed by theReflotron, met the LSP ideal goal for precision of 5 3% CV. Fingerstick wholeblood CV was 3.1%, meeting the current LSP standard of _5 5% CV for precision. The Sigma wet-chemistry assay for determination of total cholesterol was used as the reference for assessment of bias of each of the sample types. Fingerstick whole blood, via the Reflotron method, produced a positive 5.5% bias when compared to the reference, failing to meet the current LSP goal for acceptable accuracy (±5% bias). Venous whole blood analyzed using the Reflotron met this goal with a bias of +3.3%. Fingerstick plasma, via the Ektachem DT60 method, produced a bias of +2.1%, meeting the ideal LSP goal of ±3% bias. Venous plasma as measured by both the Reflotron and Ektachem DT60 also met this ideal goal (+2.0% and +1.8% bias, respectively). Overall, precision and accuracy of all sample types, with the exception of fingerstick whole blood, when analyzed by their respective dry-chemistry analyzer was acceptable.School of Physical Education
2
Vela-Melton, Dorothy Louise. „Self-esteem and blood pressure, cholesterol, thyroxine and leukocytes“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/460.
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3
Lewington, Sarah. „Blood pressure, cholesterol and premature death : towards the real relationships“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:517a1b6c-4752-46e7-868b-48a4ea078e69.
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This thesis is based on a worldwide overview (meta-analysis) of prospective observational studies of blood pressure and cholesterol, involving a centralised collection of data on over one million individuals from 59 studies, which I have co- ordinated since its inception. Analytically, the aim has been to develop and to use appropriate statistical techniques to assess the age- and sex-specific associations of usual blood pressure and of usual cholesterol with cause-specific mortality. Since the data set is uniquely large, and because appropriate methods of analysis (with full account taken of the time-dependent nature of the regression dilution bias) have been developed and used, these associations have been established more reliably. An integral part of the methodological element of the thesis has been to investigate the systematic underestimation of associations between risk factor and disease that are obtained when only a single baseline measurement is used to assess levels of such risk factors (the regression dilution bias). The extent of this bias has been investigated in each study that had repeat measurements of risk factors during follow-up. One particularly novel aspect has been the emphasis on, and methods developed to account for, the regression dilution bias in several studies simultaneously and in an appropriately time-dependent way. This thesis illustrates the extent to which random error and inappropriate statistical analysis lead to misleading conclusions concerning the importance of blood pressure and blood cholesterol, particularly in premature death. Only by studying adequate numbers of deaths (136,000 deaths among 1 million adults during 13 million person- years of follow-up) and by using appropriate statistical techniques - taking proper account of (a) the regression dilution bias; (b) the full range of blood pressure and cholesterol; (c) the opposing effects of HDL.and the remaining non-HDL cholesterol; and (d) age at death - did it become possible to provide reliable results on the true relationships between blood pressure, cholesterol fractions and vascular and other causes of death. These analyses have demonstrated reliably that, as causes of IHD death in early middle age, blood pressure and blood lipids are three to five times more important than suggested by inappropriate analyses, with no clinically relevant inverse associations with cancer or other non-vascular mortality (except, surprisingly, COPD).
4
Govender, Gwensweri, University of Western Sydney und College of Science Technology and Environment. „Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol“. THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Govender_G.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/461.
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During the course of this study, an extensive investigation was conducted into the measurement of free and total cholesterol by fabrication of cholesterol biosensors. Specific areas investigated in-depth included the immobilisation of enzymes into conducting polypyrrole (PPy) film, bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde (BSA-GLA) gel and a hybrid bi-layer of PPy and BSA-GLA. Key parameters for the reliable measurement of cholesterol were optimised. The optimum parametersDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
5
Huang, Tingyu Tina, und 黄亭语. „Systematic review: effect of tartary buckwheat in controlling blood cholesterol“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937298.
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6
Wilson, Stephanie Helen. „Pathogenesis and treatment of cholesterol-related early vascular injury“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28453.
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This thesis describes studies into the pathogenesis of Cholesterol—related early
vascular injury. In addition, this thesis examines the potential reversibility of
this injury with 2 agents: a) simvastatin, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, in a
model independent of any reduction in lipids and 2) high dose aspirin.
Hypercholesterolaemia led to a decrease in NO bioavailability, in association
with a decrease in the enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased
oxidative stress. In addition, there was an increase in the pro—inflammatory
transcription factor, NF—KB, in the intima of the epicardial coronary arteries.
Moreover, activated NF—KB was present in macrophages, foam cells and
vascular smooth muscle cells in coronary atheromatous plaque and its
expression increased in unstable coronary syndromes. These data support a
role for NF—KB in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis and the
development of unstable coronary syndromes.
In addition, this thesis demonstrated for the first time that simvastatin, an
HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, preserves endothelium—dependent
vasorelaxation in both large and small coronary vessels in porcine
experimental HC, despite no reduction in plasma lipids. This effect was
associated with normalisation of eNOS protein levels. Furthermore, in vivo
plasma markers of oxidative stress were attenuated by treatment with
simvastatin. However, there was no attenuation in the activation of the
proinflammatory transcription factor, NF—KB. These studies suggest a role for
the HMGCoA reductase inhibitors in reducing cardiac morbidity and
mortality, beyond their effect on cholesterol levels.
The current studies also demonstrated that high dose aspirin therapy preserved
endothelial function in large coronary vessels. This alteration in the
generation of prostanoids in favour of vasodilatation may be an important
component of the therapeutic benefit of aspirin in HC-induced atherosclerosis.
In summary, results of studies described in this thesis provide insights into the
molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for early vascular injury in
hypercholesterolaemia and its reversibility with the therapeutic agents, simvastatin
and high dose aspirin.
7
Neubauer, Tamara E. „Cholesterol reduction in men : an experimental investigation of intensive treatment with frequent feedback versus a simple educational treatment /“. Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040807/.
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8
Lee, Sun Min. „Studies of the Mechanism of Plasma Cholesterol Esterification in Aged Rats“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331051/.
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The study was performed to determine factors influencing the esteriflcation of plasma cholesterol in young and aged rats. The distribution of LCAT activity was determined following gel nitration chromatography and ultracentrifugation of whole plasma respectively. When rat plasma was fractionated on a Bio-Gel A-5 Mcolumn, LCAT activity was found to be associated with the HDL fraction. A similar result was observed upon 24 hr density gradient ultracentrifugation of the plasma. However, following prolonged 40 hr preparative ultracentrifugation, the majority of the LCAT activity was displaced into the lipoprotein-free infranatant fraction (d> 1.225 g/ml). The dissociation of LCAT from the HDL fraction occured to a smaller extent in aged rat plasma than in young rat plasma. Plasma incubation (37°C) experiments followed by the isolation of lipoproteins and the subsequent analysis of their cholesterol content revealed that in vitro net esteriflcation of free cholesterol (FC) by LCAT as well as the fractional ufilization of HDL-FC as substrate were lower in the plasma of the aged animal as compared to that of the young animal despite the fact that the total pool of FC was higher in the former. The net transfer of FC from lower density lipoproteins (d<1.07 g/ml) to HDL provided the FC (in addition to HDL-FC) for esteriflcation in the plasma of both young and aged rats, and this process was not substantially affected by aging. Substrate specificity studies indicated that HDL from young rats was a better substrate for LCAT than the HDL from aged rats. The HDL isolated from the plasma of aged rats was enriched with apo E and had a considerably higher molecular weight than the HDL from young rat plasma. The ratio of phosphatidyl choline/sphingomyelin was lower in the HDL of aged rats. These data suggest that the decreased plasma cholesterol esteriflcation in aged rats is due to changes in the composition and size of the lipoprotein substrate (HDL).
9
Govender, Gwensweri. „Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol“. Thesis, View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/461.
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During the course of this study, an extensive investigation was conducted into the measurement of free and total cholesterol by fabrication of cholesterol biosensors. Specific areas investigated in-depth included the immobilisation of enzymes into conducting polypyrrole (PPy) film, bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde (BSA-GLA) gel and a hybrid bi-layer of PPy and BSA-GLA. Key parameters for the reliable measurement of cholesterol were optimised. The optimum parameters
10
Donckers-Roseveare, Kathryn. „Periodic feedback to reduce cholesterol levels“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41912.
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11
Vauhkonen, Matti. „Surface structure of human low density lipoproteins carbohydrate structure of apolipoprotein B-100 and properties of the surface lipid layer /“. Helsinki : Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22137261.html.
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12
Brett, Sally Emma. „Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on exercise blood pressure“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341138.
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13
Cross, Teresa Jane. „Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride responses of hamsters fed oat bran and pinto bean diets“. Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040747/.
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14
Beecy, Christine M. „A test of two educational strategies for lowering blood cholesterol at the worksite“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43587.
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One hundred and seventy male and female volunteers employed at Hubbell Lighting Inc., Christiansburg, Virginia were studied to determine the effectiveness of two alternative educational strategies for lowering elevated blood cholesterol by modifying the diet. Initially three hundred and twenty-eight employees were weighed and tested for elevated total blood cholesterol via a finger-stick procedure using a Reflotron. Two hundred of these employees had elevated total blood cholesterol readings (2: 200 mg/dl) and were invited to participate in the study. The one hundred and seventy employees who consented to participate were divided into plant and office populations and then each of these two subpopulations was then randomized by sex into one of three experimental groups: individuals receiving worksite classes, those who received information on diet and blood cholesterol mailed to their homes, or a control group. Prior to the baseline blood cholesterol test, subjects completed and returned a pre-test questionnaire used to obtain demographic data and assess baseline knowledge, dietary practices and health-relevant attitudes such as self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility to heart disease, and perceived social support. Subjects also completed a three-day food record on the first and eighth week of the study as well as a post-test questionnaire identical to the pre-test questionnaire prior to the second blood cholesterol test which was performed during the tenth week of the study. No significant differences were observed over the experimental period in body weight. knowledge, dietary practices, and health relevant attitudes. Significant differences were observed for the dependent measure of change in blood cholesterol with a group and education level effect identified between subjects receiving worksite classes vs. the control group (p = .0284**) and subjects with only a grade school level education vs. all other education levels (p = .0021 **). Overall. subjects reduced total blood cholesterol levels by 18 mg/dl or 9% with the mean reduction for white and blue-collar groups receiving worksite classes (23 mg/dl or 11% and 19 mg/dl or 9%) significantly greater than the mean reduction for the control groups (13 mg/dl or 6% and 14 mg/dl or 7%). Subjects with only a grade school education reduced their cholesterol levels more than subjects at all other educational levels. The mean reduction in blood cholesterol for subjects receiving information mailed to the home about diet and blood cholesterol was less than the mean reduction for subjects in groups receiving the worksite classes. However. ANOV A revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Since, the mailed home approach is less costly for the employer, these findings suggest that while the two educational interventions may be similar in terms of effectiveness, the mailed home approach is more cost-effective.Master of Science
15
Govender, Gwensweri. „Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol /“. View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051118.110927/index.html.
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16
Ibrahim, Osama Mohamed. „Evaluating cholesterol screening in a community pharmacy“. Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2162.
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The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the role of the community pharmacist in screening, identifying, and referring ambulatory patients with high total blood cholesterol (TBC) in a community pharmacy. Fifty seven patients, out of 241 initially screened individuals, met the study inclusion criteria and were accepted into this study. Of these 57 patients, 51 patients completed the six month study period. The normal population group consisted of 164 participants with TBC < 200 mgjdL at the initial cholesterol testing (visit 1). The drop out group represented six patients who failed to continue attending the two follow up tests (visit 2 and 3). For screening purposes, a non-fasting whole blood sample was used to measure TBC using the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron analyzer.
The project was evaluated based on mean TBC levels obtained during the initial screening and the two follow up tests, pre-test and post-test scores, behavior and lifestyle changes, and the number of patients who received a physician's order for lipid analysis as a result of initial screening results. In addition, influence of age and educational background on lowering TBC in visits 2 and 3, patient acceptance of blood screening in a community pharmacy and willingness to pay for this service in the future were also determined.
To assess the level of significance among the means of the tested parameters, both parametric (one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe's post hoc test and two sample t-test) and non-parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and chi-square test) were used at a probability level of less than 0.05. There was a significant difference in mean TBC levels between visit 1 and 2, and between visit 1 and 3 (P< 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found between visit 2 and 3 (P= 0.48). In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of high blood cholesterol in terms of gender or age difference at the initial screening. Further, mean TBC levels between males and females remained statistically insignificant during the two follow up tests. However, younger patients were able to lower their mean TBC level in visit 2 and 3 compared with older patients (P=< 0.031). The one-way analysis of variance results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in TBC changes during the three visits by subjects categorized by educational background levels. Patient's attitude toward the idea of blood test measurement in community pharmacies was positive. Ninety eight percent of the study group stated that they strongly liked such an idea, 92.16% expressed a willingness to pay an average of $4.55 (range $3 or less to $10), and all agreed that it was a convenient service for them.
It was concluded that cholesterol screening in this community pharmacy was effective and acceptable, and may prove to be financially feasible when effectively planned and marketed. This service provides the community pharmacist with an opportunity to offer a unique patient-oriented public service.
17
Fights, Sandra D. „The relationship between the exercise of self-care agency and serum cholesterol levels“. Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722467.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of exercise of self-care agency and serum cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association (1986) and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (1987) have identified the reduction of serum cholesterol as a major factor in decreasing the risk for coronary artery disease. Orem's theory of self-care identified diet and exercise management as activities well being (Orem, 1971). It was hypothesized that high levels of self-care are inversely related to serum cholesterol levels. A retrospective study was conducted. A convenience sample of 176 individuals who have obtained cholesterol screening at a Nursing Center for Family Health was obtained. Written consent was obtained to review individual files for serumcholesterol levels, information related to demographic variables, nutrition and exercise habits; and for the Exercise of Self-Care Agency. Each participant completed the "Exercise of Self-Care Agency" tool. Confidentiality was maintained and responses were coded for analysis only. Correlational statistics were utilized to analyze the data obtained. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson r analysis and demonstrated poor correlation and no significant relationship. Research questions related to diet, exercise, age and the exercise of self-care agency were tested by a 3x2x2 ANOVA and showed no significant difference. Recommendations for future study should include replication of the study with a larger sample and randomization of the sample.School of Nursing
18
Jordan, Julie Ann. „Altered feeding pattern:its effect on selected blood lipids in humans“. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91034.
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Seventeen males participated in an investigation comparing the effects of a three meal per day feeding pattern versus a six meal per day feeding pattern on a serum lipid profile. During a two week acclimation period three meals per day were consumed by all subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups. Group I consumed three meals per day for six weeks while group II consumed six meals per day for the same amount of time. The two groups then reversed feeding patterns for an additional six week period. Subjects completed five four-day food records which were analyzed qualitatively. Three of the four-day food records for each subject were hand coded and computer processed for kilocalorie, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake. Mean intake of cholesterol was found to be within a desirable range. Mean intake of total fat and saturated fat were noted as exceeding desirable values.
Blood samples were collected from each subject following a two week acclimation period and following each of the two six week feeding phases. The samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels. There was no statistically significant difference found between the consumption of three meals per day and six meals per day for the lipid parameters of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride level with the six meal per day feeding pattern with one group but not the other. For both groups there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol levels between the six meals per day and the three meal per day feeding patterns. However, the findings were dissimilar in that for Group I the HDL-cholesterol was higher after the six meal pattern as opposed to the three meal pattern, and for Group II, the opposite was true.M.S.
19
Miller, Stephanie M. „The Relationship of Waist Size to Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Among College Students“. Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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20
Miller, Stephanie. „The relationship of waist size to blood pressure and cholesterol among college students /“. Lynchburg, VA : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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21
Bibi, Innocent. „Health Awareness on High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease“. ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7914.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 25% of the annual deaths in the United States and represents a major public health burden, as patients often require screening and lifestyle changes related to multiple risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if there was a statistically significant association between high blood pressure and high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcomes (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack). The theoretical framework that guided this study was the health belief model. Data from adults over the age of 18 from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset were used for this study. Logistic regression was used to analyze data. Results showed no statistically significant association between high blood pressure awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. There was also no statistically significant association between high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. This study may contribute to positive social change through an increase in individuals' level of awareness of their medical condition, which could lead to a reduction in the burden of cardiovascular disease.
22
Zhang, Qiang. „Effect of acute exercise on postprandial lipemia and HDL cholesterol subfractions /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842578.
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23
Dahlke, David K. (David Keith). „The Effectiveness of a Cholesterol Reduction Intervention Program Among Female Employees in a Corporate Setting“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504031/.
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Three cholesterol interventions were evaluated in a work-site setting to determine which was most effective in modifying physiological, behavioral, and knowledge measures related to total serum cholesterol. Of the 246 employees initially screened, 135 (55%) were identified as having elevated total serum cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) and were eligible for the study. Treatment consisted of either a six-session cholesterol reduction course requiring 30 days dietary monitoring, a six-session course without dietary monitoring, or an incentive only approach. Significant increases in cholesterol knowledge and dietary fiber consumption was found in both the education intervention with logging and intervention without logging groups. The results indicate that positive learning effects can take place in work-site settings and that such learning can lead to dietary changes that reduce the effects of high serum cholesterol.
24
Rothschild, William F. „The relationship of exercise and diet to total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol college age males and females“. Scholarly Commons, 1986. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2114.
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Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries and is defined as a form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty lesions called atheromatous plaques form on the intima of arteries. The formation of these plaques begins early, within the first two decades of life, and may be started by damage to the endothelial cells and intima of the artery walls (Guyton, 1981). A number of factors may cause the initial damage, including physical abrasion of the endothelium, abnormal substances in the blood or pulsating arterial pressure on the vessel wall (Guyton, 1981).
There is a growing body of epidemiologic, genetic, experimental, and clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that there is a cause and effect relationship between high blood levels of cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis in humans.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of exercise and diet in predicting the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in college age males and females. Variables controlled for included age, gender, smoking, medication use, contraceptive use, hormone use and intense physical activity.
25
Broeder, Craig E. (Craig Elliot). „The Effects of Oat Fiber and Corn Bran on Blood Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500880/.
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Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly placed in five groups with eight rats per group. Each group varied in dietary composition for fiber type and carbohydrate source. Groups one and two received oat fiber and either sucrose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. Groups three and four received corn bran as the fiber source and either sucrose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. Group five (considered the control group), received Purina standard rat chow. Analysis of variance showed only significant differences for food intake, and the control group had a significantly higher food intake. Weight gain, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed no significant differences.
26
NIWA, TOSHIMITSU, NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA, YOKO MITSUDA und YASUHIKO SHIMOYAMA. „Polymorphisms of Nrf2, an Antioxidative Gene, are Associated with Blood Pressure in Japanese“. Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19489.
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27
Witsken, Colleen. „The Effect of Parental Control Over Child-Feeding on Compliance to Dietary Recommendations to Lower Blood Cholesterol“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179758468.
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Al-Othman, Abdullah Abdulrahman 1961. „Influence of copper deficiency on plasma lipoproteins and the development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277117.
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Two studies were designed to investigate the time course development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size in copper (Cu)-deficient rats as well as influence of Cu deficiency on the lipid composition of lipoproteins. Rats were randomly assigned to three dietary Cu treatments (deficient, marginal, and adequate) in the Study I and two dietary Cu treatments (deficient and adequate) in Study II. Enlargement of plasma volume and cholesterol pool size were established prior to the increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Cu concentration was decreased, whereas iron and zinc concentrations were increased in the organs of Cu-deficient and Cu-marginal rats. The plasma pool size of VLDL triglyceride was elevated 6-fold, protein and phospholipid were unaltered, and cholesterol was reduced 36%. The plasma pool size of lipid and protein components of HDL and LDL fractions were markedly elevated in Cu-deficient rats.
29
Dikotope, Sekgothe Abram. „Response of serum lipids to a fat meal in Black South African subjects with different apoe genotypes“. Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1059.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemical Pathology)) --University of Limpopo, 2013Objectives The present study investigated how the serum lipids responded to a high-fat meal in black South African subjects with different APOE genotypes, a population that until recently was reported to be consuming a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Methods Sixty students (males and females) of the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus were successfully genotyped using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and grouped into four APOE genotype groups; ε2, ε2/ε4, ε3 and ε4. Only thirty-three subjects volunteered to participate in the oral fat-tolerance test (OFTT), but two were excluded for having abnormal total cholesterol (6.05 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (3.12 mmol/l) so only 31 subjects were left. The numbers per group were ε2=5, ε2/ε4=8, ε3=9 and ε4=9. After an overnight fast blood was drawn for measurements of baseline serum parameters. Subjects were administered a high fat meal 30 minutes after the baseline blood sample was drawn. Blood was drawn at intervals of 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes for measurements of postprandial serum parameter levels. Serum parameters measured were triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and insulin. Results Mean levels of serum lipids at baseline in mmol/l were as follows; group 1[TG=0.69(0.55-0.81), TCHOL=3.10±0.29, HDL-C=1.12±0.32, LDLC= 1.67±0.28]; group 2 [TG=0.61(0.53-1.00), TCHOL=2.98±0.53, HDLC= 1.20±0.37, LDL-C=1.43±0.37]; group 3 [TG=0.67(0.28-0.86), TCHOL=2.96±0.54, HDL-C=1.22±0.30, LDL-C=1.46±0.47]; group 4 [TG=0.76(0.51-1.16), TCHOL=3.27±0.51, HDL-C=1.12±0.17, LDLC= 1.79±0.47]. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of baseline triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ix high density lipoprotein cholesterol between the APOE groups hence no significant difference in the response to a fatty meal. Conclusions There was no significant change in serum lipid concentrations after a fatty meal in individuals with different APOE genotypes in a population that consume a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Due to the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution. A larger study is recommended to ascertain the role of APOE genotypes on serum lipid response to a fatty meal in Black South African population.
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Al-Najadah, Rabah. „The effect of exercise and fish oil capsules on serum blood lipid and lipoprotein levels in pre and post menopausal women“. Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332402.
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Shehadeh, Sandra C. „The Effects of Soy Protein and Isoflavones on Lipid Oxidation and Blood Lipid Profile on Humans Participating in Moderate Physical Activity“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36112.
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The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of dietary soy protein and animal protein (casein) on plasma lipoprotein concentrations, and exercise induced oxidation in human subjects. Sixteen normocholesterolemic young men participated in 30 min of cycling at 70% VO2pk to induce plasma oxidation. Each subject then followed a 4wk dietary treatment replacing 33g animal protein in a self-selected solid food diet with either soy protein or casein. The exercise was then repeated and plasma lipoproteins and oxidation were compared. Soy protein and casein dietary treatments did not affect plasma concentrations. Our study therefore, suggests that in healthy normocholesterolemic individuals, 33g of soy protein does not effectively reduce plasma lipoprotein concentrations or exercise induced oxidation.Master of Science
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Day, Julie A. „Behavior of family practice residents in screening and treating at-risk patients for high blood cholesterol“. Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1136701.
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This study was designed to answer the following research questions: "Are those at risk for coronary heart disease being screened for high blood cholesterol?" and "Are those with high blood cholesterol being treated according to the national guidelines?" The importance of early detection and treatment of high blood cholesterol is vital for preventive health care. A chart review of patient records was conducted to determine the behavior of the family practice residents. From the analysis of data it was determined that the residents screened their patients 83.0% of the time and when compared with national guidelines, treated those patients identified with high blood cholesterol 52.8% of the time. Third year residents screened their patients more (88.7%) for blood cholesterol than first (82.1%) or second (74.7%) year residents. Male residents screened a higher percent of their patients (84.8%) than female residents (75.0%).Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Eno, Megan. „The effect of the supplementation of cranberry seed oil on the lipid profiles of human subjects“. Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007enom.pdf.
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Esche, Curtis A. „The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on control of serum cholesterol levels in female strain A/ST mice“. Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834628.
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Diabetics often have elevated levels of serum lipids and cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used to determine whether elevated serum cholesterol levels in diabetics are due to loss of control of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which catalyzes the committed step in cholesterol synthesis. Strain A/ST female mice were fed 10% corn oil diets, half with 2% cholesterol. Experimental groups were injected with 9.0 mg streptozotocin / 100g body weight. Diabetes was confirmed by weight loss, elevated blood sugars, and enlarged spleens. Reductase activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. Serum cholesterol levels were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Both diabetic and control mice fed cholesterol had elevated serum cholesterol levels and decreased reductase activities. These observations suggest that HMG CoA reductase is not the primary control point in the control of serum cholesterol levels in diabetic mice. The increase in serum cholesterol in the SI mice was not more than in the control group, suggesting that increased serum cholesterol is not a key factor in the control of coronary heart disease and related diseases in diabetics. The HMG CoA reductase activity was reduced in both SI and control mice fed 2% cholesterol, but not significantly, possibly due to a small sample size. Other substances that control serum cholesterol are all density classes of lipoproteins (high, intermediate, low, and very low) as well as the chylomicrons.Department of Biology
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Vanstone, Catherine A. „Influence of phytosterols versus phytostanols on plasma lipid levels and cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic humans“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33854.
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The objective of this research was to examine the effects of sitosterol and sitostanol supplementation on plasma cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming a fixed foods diet in a four-phase crossover design. It was hypothesized that addition of either phytosterols, phytostenols, or a 50:50 mixture of sterols and stanols to butter would reduce circulating cholesterol levels, despite butter's hypercholesterolemic effect, through actions involving cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and turnover rates. The data obtained indicate that in their free, unesterified form, plant sterols and stanols lower plasma LDL cholesterol equivalently in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Results of this study provide new data that phytosterols and stanols function by suppressing cholesterol absorption while increasing cholesterol synthesis, however, the de-suppression in synthesis cannot fully compensate for the decrease in absorption making the treatment effective, thus may assist in the development of a food which offers health-promoting advantages related to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Anema, Richard Flagg. „A single case study of the acute effects of strenuous exercise on blood lipids“. Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2210.
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute effects of strenuous exercise on the following blood constituents: total cholesterol (TC) 1 triglycerides (TG) 1 high density lipoproteins (HDL-C) 1 and low density lipoproteins (LDL-C). A single case study was performed during a 20 day testing period. Two century bicycle rides ( 100 miles) were used as the strenuous exercise bouts. Blood samples were drawn each day and immediately after each 100 mile ride. A pre-set exercise and diet regimen were followed every day of the 20 day procedure. A t-test upon TC 1 TG 1 HDL-C 1 and LDL-C was done to determine the statistical significance between two 100 mile cycling rides and the training days. The change upon TC was an increase of 11.1mg/dl and the change upon TG was an increase of 66.8mg/dl. The t-tests upon both of these variables were found to be significant at the <0.05 level. The change upon HDL-C was an increase of 3.2mg/dl but a ttest showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. The change upon LDL-C was a decrease of 2.6mg/dl but a t-test showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. Total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) did not change and a t-test showed no statistical significance at the <0.05 level. The ratio stayed at 2.5 for the duration of the study period. It was determined that an acute bout of exercise significantly changed TC and TG levels. Total cholesterol mean values changed from 106.4mg/dl ± 1.11 to 117.5mg/dl ± 3. 53. Mean TG values changed from 66. 2mg/dl ± 4. 08 to 113mg/dl ± 16.97. The acute bout of exercise did not significantly change HDL-C or LDL-C. possibilities are discussed.
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Lima, Cláudia Gonçalves de [UNESP]. „Atividade protetora cardiovascular do suco de laranja vermelha em indivíduos adultos“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88631.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ingestão regular do suco de laranja de polpa vermelha sobre alguns fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos adultos residentes nos municípios de Araraquara (SP) e Matão (SP). A variedade das laranjas de polpa vermelha é também conhecida como laranja sanguínea de Mombuca, e sua coloração é devida à presença de carotenóides, especialmente beta-caroteno e licopeno. Participaram deste estudo 19 homens e 16 mulheres que receberam 750 mL/dia de suco de laranja vermelha pasteurizado durante 8 semanas. As variáveis antropométricas utilizadas foram: peso, altura, dobras cutâneas do tríceps, bíceps, subescapular e suprailíaca e circunferência da cintura. Para a avaliação bioquímica foram realizadas dosagens de colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, apolipoproteínas A1 e B, proteína C reativa, homocisteína, triglicérides e glicemia. Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram verificadas a pressão arterial sistólica e a diastólica, e para a avaliação dietética foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o consumo de suco de laranja vermelha. Os resultados mostraram que o colesterol total foi reduzido em 9% entre os participantes que consumiram o suco de laranja vermelha, o colesterol de LDL em 11%, a apolipoproteína B em 5% e a proteína C reativa em 49%. A pressão arterial sistólica foi reduzida em 4% entre os participantes eutróficos e a pressão diastólica foi reduzida em 4% entre os participantes com excesso de peso. Não houve diminuição significativa das variáveis antropométricas. O consumo do suco de laranja vermelha aumentou em 907% a ingestão de vitamina C e 145% a ingestão de folato das mulheres, e 1130% de vitamina C e 123% de folato dos homens. A ingestão regular de suco de laranja vermelha apresentou...
This study had as objective investigates the regular ingestion of the red orange juice over risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in adults residents in the cities of Araraquara (SP) and Matão (SP). The variety of red pulp orange is also known as Mombuca blood orange, and its color is due to the carotenoids, especially from beta-carotene and lycopene. The study included 19 men and 16 women, which received 750 mL/d of pasteurized red orange juice during 8 weeks. It was evaluated in all subjects: weigh, height, skin folds (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac), waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Biochemical parameters were accomplished for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B, C reactive protein, homocysteine, triglycerides and glucose. For hemodynamic assessment were observed systolic and diastolic blood pressure and dietary evaluation was estimated using 24h food record. All evaluations were accomplished before and after consumption of red orange juice. The results showed that the consumers of red orange juice decreased total cholesterol by 9%, LDLcholesterol by 11%, apo B by 5% and the C reactive protein by 49%. Systolic blood pressure was reduced 4% among eutrophic participants and the diastolic blood pressure reduced 4% among the pre-obese participants. There was no significant reduction on anthropometric variables. Consumption of red orange juice increased 10 folds the intake of vitamin C and double the intake of folate for all volunteers. Regular consumption of red orange juice has shown hypolipidemic and hypotensive properties, while both juices, from the red and yellow oranges, have shown antiinflammatory effects
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Warych, Karen. „Intra-individual variation in postprandial lipemia“. Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020153.
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Prediction for future coronary artery disease (CAD) from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) measurements are based off of a single measurement that has been shown to be variable. To better determine risk for CAD based on blood lipids, studies in the postprandial state are warranted. To assess the reproducibility of TG clearance, 10 men underwent three trials of a 70g oral fat loading test with blood samples collected every two hours for eight hours. These trials were all scheduled at least one week apart. Men who had fasting TG concentrations > 250 mg - dL -' were excluded from the study. Each subject presented to the laboratory having abstained from exercise for 24 hours and alcohol 72 hours prior to the upcoming trial. Each subject was also provided with a standardized frozen dinner to eat the night before at a time which allowed the subject to be 12 hours fasted for the next days' trial. To specifically assess postprandial lipemia, TG concentrations were plotted against bi-hourly collection times to form a curve. The area under this curve was then calculated to determine PPL area. Itwas found that there was no significant difference in area under the TG curve (p = 0.25) for any of the three trials (1096 ± 168, 948 ± 105, and 995 ± 127 mg - dL -' - 8 • hr-' respectively for trials one, two, and three). Pearson correlations between trials were 0.79 for trials one and two, 0.82 for trials two and three, and 0.90 for trials one and three. Also, there was no significant difference in peak TG (p = 0.34) on each of the three trial days (167 ± 27, 150 ± 16, and 151 ± 19 mg • dL -1 in peak TG for trials one, two, and three respectively). Time taken to reach peak TG concentrations (p = 0.20) or time to return to baseline TG (p = 0.27) were not significantly different across three trial days. The men in this study reached peak TG concentrations in this study in 3.2 ± 0.5, 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.0 ± 0.3 hours respectively for trials one, two, and three. Time to return to baseline was 6.8 ± 0.6, 7.4 ± 0.4, 7.8 ± 0.4 hours for trials one through three respectively. Correlations between trials and the lack of a difference between trials using repeated measures ANOVA in regards to PPL area gives some preliminary evidence that some postprandial measures such as PPL area and can be reproduced across trials. However, the intra-individual variation was 19 ± 4% which provides no additional support for reproducibility of PPL. Additionally, results from this study, as well as all others pertaining to the study of reproducibility of PPL are specific to the protocol used and the method of interpretation.School of Physical Education
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Battle, Robert A. „Comparison of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in male recreational swimmers and sedentary controls“. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104291.
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Hanna, Lindsey R. „Blood lipid profiles in middle-aged subjects : the effects of vitamin E removal from the diet“. Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273266.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E reduction on blood cholesterol levels (LDL and total cholesterol). Eight healthy older adults between the ages of 40 and 60 volunteers were used for the study. Subjects acted as their own controls during the two week baseline period in which they ate their normal diet and kept precise diet records [three day diet recalls which were analyzed for vitamin E content using the Diet Analysis program (Food Processor version 8)]. A vitamin E reduction diet was created for each individual using the same Diet Analysis program. This vitamin E reduction diet was designed to significantly reduce the amount of dietary vitamin E intake of each subject while keeping calories relatively similar throughout a period of three weeks. Fasting blood draws and three day diet recalls were collected every week. Vitamin E intake, total calories, HDL, LDL, TG, and glucose values over the course of this study were compared with a one-way ANOVA using repeated measures. Post-hoc testing using Duncan and Scheffe comparisons were made to indicate any statistically significant difference. Significance was set at p<0.05 and all values were reported as x ± SEM. The averaged three day vitamin E intake was reduced by 55% (20.3 ± 2.6 mg to 11.2 ± 2.1 mg). There was no significant change in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, or triglycerides from baseline to the conclusion of the study.The results suggest that short term reduction of dietary vitamin E has no effect on total or LDL cholesterol.School of Physical Education
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Aristovich, E. „Non-invasive measurement of cholesterol in human blood by impedance technique : an investigation by finite element field modelling“. Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8343/.
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The main topic of this work is detection of solid particles suspended in conductive medium and development of methodologies for determining cholesterol levels in human blood non-invasively by electrical impedance technique. The main part of this research is focused on the development of methodologies for numerical finite element (FE) modelling of simplified blood-cholesterol system, representing a real measurement system. This has been done first in 2D, to prove the concept and then in 3D, to take into account all of the effects that would only be present in 3D system as well as taking into account that there is a fully 3D problem in the heart of presented research. The proposed model has been tested in various extreme cases and theoretical and some experimental validations have been carried out to establish a degree of confidence in the modelling methodologies developed. This included novel way of model simplification by introduction of particle coagulation. This method has been proven to be successful replacement of effective conductivity method, used in the past. It has been tested against variation in physiological parameters, such as particle concentration and distribution, and material properties, such as particle ,conductivities. In 3D modelling cases the red blood cells (RBC) have been added to further increase the complexity of the system. Several case studies were used to help analyse which physical parameters of RBC would have the biggest impact on system’s impedance. Results were validated against experimental data where possible. This allowed extension of proposed methodology to non-spherical particles modelling. The other methodology adopted in this work applies to the electrode modelling. All electrodes are modelled as hollows. This tactic has been proven to work. It was validated both theoretically and by comparing computational model results with experiment results (BERG, City University London). In Conclusions, it is discussed that both methodologies can be used outside of current research in electromagnetic simulations of less conductive particles in conductive solvent and in cases where electrode material is not known. Modelling investigations of the simplified blood-cholesterol systems using the 2D and 3D FE modelling methodologies developed in this work have shown that it should be possible to measure cholesterol levels in human blood by impedance technique. Opinion sought from clinical staff highlight that this can potentially improve patient care by minimizing time needed for tests and human error (by shortening the number of people involved in testing). The work also establishes and discusses the need for further work, both theoretical and experimental for development of a measuring device for non-invasive measurement of cholesterol in human blood by impedance technique.
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Takechi, Ryusuke. „Disruption of blood-brain barrier function by chronic intake of saturated fat and cholesterol : implications for Alzheimer’s disease risk“. Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2120.
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It has been reported that lifestyle including diet is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and progression. Population studies indicate that the chronic consumption of diets enriched in saturated fats (SFA) and cholesterol significantly increase the risk of AD onset and progression. However, the mechanisms underlying the association of AD risk with dietary fat intake are presently unclearProteinaceous deposits enriched in amyloid-β (Aβ) within the cerebral parenchyma (amyloid plaque) and in the cerebrovasculature (cerebral amyloid angiopathy) are the hallmark pathological features of AD. Several animal and cell culture studies suggest that high-fat diets exacerbate amyloidosis by promoting Aβ secretion by neurons and increasing the propensity for oligomerization to occur. However, there is little evidence consistent with cerebral Aβ overproduction in AD. Rather, recent studies in animal models of AD suggest that efflux of Aβ relative to its delivery from the blood is pivotal to cerebral Aβ homeostasis.Two lines of evidence led me to develop the hypothesis that dietary fats may influence AD risk by modulating cerebrovascular exposure to circulating Aβ (Paper1 presented as Literature review of thesis). Firstly, Aβ has potent vasoactive properties and blood vessels treated with exogenous Aβ show substantial structural damage. Moreover, exaggerated plasma Aβ could occur because of chronic ingestion of diets enriched in fats. Dietary SFA were found to significantly increase Aβ abundance within the absorptive cells of small intestine (enterocytes) and thereafter, substantial plasma Aβ remains associated with triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs). It is my contention that cerebrovascular integrity is compromised by the ingestion of fats which increases the plasma concentration of Aβ.An immunohistochemical approach was developed to explore the effects of dietary SFA and cholesterol on cerebrovascular integrity and Aβ kinetics at the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) (Paper 2 presented as Chapter 2 of thesis). Wild-type (WT) mice were used for the dietary intervention studies and appropriate comparisons were made with amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) amyloid transgenic mice, an established model of AD (Paper 3-5 presented as Chapters 3-5). Critical to the primary scientific objectives, three-dimensional colocalization analysis using double immunofluorescent microscopy was developed (Paper 2). This double immunofluorescent labelling technique enabled the simultaneous detection of two proteins utilizing polyclonal antibodies derived from the same species. Briefly, in order to avoid the cross-reactivity of two polyclonal antibodies that originate from the same species, the concentration of one of the primary antibodies was reduced, so that it was undetectable with conventional secondary antibody methodologies. Rather, avidinbiotin amplification that was specific for the diluted primary antibody was utilized to identify its specific immunoreactivity. The double labelling of proteins with certainty that cross-reactivity did not occur, enabled consideration of protein distribution and association within tissues and cells.In some cells Aβ is generated following processing of a precursor protein (APP) embedded within the plasma membrane. However, Chapter 5 of this thesis (Paper 5) shows that within enterocytes of the upper small intestine, Aβ genesis occurs within the Golgi apparatus and is likely secreted associated with nascent postprandial lipoproteins (chylomicrons). Apolipoprotein B immunoreactivity was used as a surrogate marker of enterocytic chylomicron distribution as it is an obligatory component of these macromolecules.Evidence that plasma derived apo B lipoproteins containing Aβ may contribute to the aetiology of AD is presented in Chapter 3 (Paper 3). Consistent with the hypothesis presented, APP/PS1 mice were previously reported to have significantly increased secretion of TRL-Aβ as a consequence of the genetically induced overexpression of Aβ. However, this study expanded on that finding and explored if there was evidence of blood-to-brain delivery of apo B and if this was positively associated with amyloid plaque distribution and abundance. In transgenic APP/PS1 mice, immunoreactive apo B was detected in the core and periphery of cerebral amyloid plaques with significant colocalization coefficience (Manders’ overlap coefficient = 0.85±0.004). The findings are consistent with the notion that cerebrovascular exposure to plasma TRL-Aβ is causally associated with cerebral amyloidosis.Chapter 4 (Paper 4) investigates the differential effects of dietary fatty acids on BBB integrity. WT mice were fed either low-fat (LF) control chow, or physiologically relevant diets enriched in SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for either 3 or 6 months. Blood-to-brain delivery of apo B was found in SFA fed mice and exaggerated with a longer duration of feeding. The distribution of cerebral apo B in SFA fed mice, closely paralleled with the distribution of Aβ, consistent with blood-to-brain delivery as a lipoprotein complex. The cerebral extravasation of apo B was more evident in the cortex region (CTX) than in hippocampal formation (HPF). Mice fed the LF control, MUFA or PUFA diets for 3 or 6 months showed no evidence of apo B/Aβ parenchymal extravasation. The cerebral distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used as a surrogate marker of non-specific plasma protein leakage into the brain.In SFA fed mice alone, significant peri-vascular leakage of IgG was observed, suggesting that the endothelial dysfunction induced by SFA feeding was a non-specific or leakage phenomenon. Consistent with the latter, plasma S100B, a marker of brain-to-blood protein kinetics, was significantly increased in SFA fed mice but not in LF control, MUFA or PUFA supplemented mice. SFA group mice also had significantly attenuated occludin-1 expression, the primary BBB endothelial tight junction protein. Apo B and IgG extravasation greater in CTX than in HPF, increased plasma S100B, and decreased occludin-1 abundance were also observed in APP/PS1 amyloid transgenic mice. Hence the findings in SFA fed mice are consistent with a causal role in cerebral amyloidosis.The data presented in this thesis and consideration of other studies reported particularly since commencement of my candidacy are then presented in Chapter 5, which was published as a review in Progress in Lipid Research (Paper 5). Briefly, several studies suggest that significant plasma Aβ is associated with TRLs secreted by the small intestine as chylomicrons and from the liver as very low density lipoproteins. Evidence presented in this thesis of apo B colocalization within amyloid plaques is consistent with the concept that plasma derived lipoprotein-Aβ may be causally associated with cerebral amyloidosis. However, for delivery of lipoprotein-Aβ from blood to brain to occur, the breakdown of BBB function would be required as the cerebrovasculature architecture normally prevents transport of large macromolecules such as lipoproteins.In this study, chronic consumption by WT mice of food enriched in SFA resulted in non-specific leakage of plasma proteins within the brain parenchyma, analogous to that observed in an established transgenic murine model of AD (APP/PS1 mice). Within the review, dietary cholesterol is shown to elicit the same response. The mechanisms by which SFA and cholesterol cause the BBB dysfunction are presently unclear. Increased BBB exposure to circulating TRL-Aβ is one possibility, however, there was no significant difference in fasting plasma Aβ in mice maintained on SFA or cholesterol supplemented diets compared to LF control. Postprandial transient increases in plasma TRL-Aβ, not necessarily detected in fasting blood, may have been sufficient to cause the BBB dysfunction, but this was not specifically investigated. Alternatively SFA and cholesterol may have compromised cerebrovascular integrity via Aβ independent mechanisms, many of which are considered in depth in the review article. The review manuscript also discusses the potential mechanisms that could contribute to the extracellular retention of apo B lipoproteins enriched in Aβ and the inflammatory sequelae that may ensue thereafter. There is a positive association of apo B/Aβ retention with the abundance of the heparin-sulphate proteoglycans; perlecan, biglycan and decorin. A number of studies show that apo B lipoproteins are avidly metabolized by inflammatory cells and indeed under certain conditions may trigger the inflammatory cascade. In the review article, this paradigm is discussed in the context of apo B lipoproteins containing Aβ and putative interaction with activated glial cells.Collectively, the results presented in this thesis suggest that dietary SFA and cholesterol may increase the risk of AD and/or accelerate the progression of disease by compromising cerebrovascular integrity and promoting the cerebral delivery of Aβ from the blood. The findings support the contention that diet is an important consideration in the context of disease prevention, but also raise the intriguing notion that nutritional intervention approaches could be developed to treat AD.
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Williams, Kimberly A. „Effects of a Comprehensive Wellness Program on Serum Lipid Concentration Among the Residents“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1276536062.
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Zhang, Jianzhen (Jenny). „Socioeconomic position and utilisation of preventive health services among adults in the general population“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16532/1/Jianzhen_Zhang_Thesis.pdf.
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Background: International research has shown that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups experience significantly higher mortality and morbidity rates than other groups. Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes are major contributors to Australia's burden of disease, and individuals from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to be affected by both, and to have worse prognoses and outcomes. There is substantial research evidence that a range of preventive activities can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions. Research in countries with good access to primary health care services has demonstrated that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to have higher levels of medical consultations, but make less use of preventive care and screening services. This fact contributes to their poorer health outcomes, as diagnosis will typically occur later than for more advantaged individuals, thus leading to a poorer prognosis. However, to date, there has been little research on the differential utilisation of preventive health services for CVD and diabetes by different socioeconomic groups in Australia. To understand socioeconomic influences on the use of preventive health services, a comprehensive review of the literature of determinants of health service utilisation was conducted and a number of explanations for this relationship considered. It was proposed that the following factors are likely to be important in this relationship: differences in the perception of the availability of, and accessibility to health care, attitudes and beliefs toward preventive health care, having a regular source of care, perception of interpersonal care from general practitioners, and social support. A number of theoretical models were also reviewed; in particular, the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Service Research Utilisation.
Aims: This doctoral research program has described the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and utilisation of preventive health services in relation to CVD and diabetes. It aims to improve the understanding of the determinants of uptake and utilisation of preventive health services in general practice by different socioeconomic groups in Australia.
Methods: The study was conducted in Brisbane Australia, in 2004, using a cross-sectional design and a self-administered mailed survey for data collection. A sample of adults aged 25-64 years was selected randomly from the Brisbane Electoral Roll. A conceptual model incorporating a range of relevant socio-demographic, risk-factor and behavioural variables in the relationship between SEP and GP-based use of preventive health services was used to develop a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot-tested and then reviewed by a panel of international experts. A new self-administered questionnaire, the Health Service Utilisation Questionnaire (HSUQ), was developed. It included 79 items: 12 socio-demographic items; 10 items assessing health status, disease conditions and smoking status; 20 items assessing use of health services; and 37 items assessing the factors that might affect use of health services utilisation. The HSUQ was then mailed to 800 randomly selected survey participants. The survey response rate was 65.6 per cent. After exclusion of those patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, the final sample size was 381, consisting of 155 males and 226 females. Socioeconomic indicators were individual education level and family income. Blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups by general practitioners (GPs) were used as the major outcome variables. Nine scales and two dichotomous variables that measure those potential factors were derived following Principal Component Analysis and reliability testing. The data were analysed separately by gender, and adjusted for age and each of the socioeconomic indicators. Statistical description, bivariate analysis and multivariable modelling in SPSS were applied for the data analysis.
Results: The survey results were suggestive of socioeconomically disadvantaged people being less likely than more advantaged people to utilise preventive health services for CVD and diabetes. For males, the low socioeconomic groups recorded the least use of preventive health services among the three education and income groups, including blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups, while the high socioeconomic group recorded the greatest use of preventive health services. There was no apparent relationship between education level and blood pressure check-up, while individuals from low-income families were less likely to go for a blood pressure check-up. For females, most of the results suggested that the low socioeconomic groups were less likely than the high socioeconomic groups to have blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups. However, this was not the case for blood pressure check-ups. The results showed that the low and middle socioeconomic groups were more likely than the high socioeconomic groups to have BP check-ups. However, the low socioeconomic groups were still less likely than the middle socioeconomic groups to have a blood pressure check-up. Overall, there was a similar pattern between education and income and the use of GP-based preventive health services among both males and females.
The findings from the examination of the mediating factors between SEP and the GP-based use of preventive health services suggested that socioeconomically disadvantaged adults (both low level of education and low income) are more concerned about transport and travel time to health care, and accessibility to health care in terms of finding a GP who bulk bills, the cost of seeing a GP and having a choice of GP. They are also less likely to have a regular place of care and social support. These potential factors are likely to result in a lesser use of preventive health services than their high-SEP counterparts. In addition, the findings also suggested that respondents with a low level of education have less-positive attitudes towards health care, and that those from low-income families do not have a regular care provider and are less likely to visit their GP for a preventive check-up in relation to CVD and diabetes in Australia.
Conclusions: Strategies for reducing socioeconomic health inequalities are partly associated with changing social and economic policies, empowering individuals, strengthening social and family networks, and improving the equity of the health care system. Strategies have been recommended for implementation in general practice that are directed at targeting the needs of disadvantaged groups; for example, providing longer consultation time and actively offering information on preventive care. Implementation of health promotion programs is needed in disadvantaged areas to keep the community informed about the availability of health services and to make health services more accessible. The health care system needs to be geographically accessible through improvements to the transport system. In addition, improving access to a regular source of primary health care is likely to be an important step in encouraging low-SEP individuals to use preventive health services.
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Zhang, Jianzhen (Jenny). „Socioeconomic position and utilisation of preventive health services among adults in the general population“. Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16532/.
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Background: International research has shown that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups experience significantly higher mortality and morbidity rates than other groups. Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes are major contributors to Australia's burden of disease, and individuals from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to be affected by both, and to have worse prognoses and outcomes. There is substantial research evidence that a range of preventive activities can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions. Research in countries with good access to primary health care services has demonstrated that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to have higher levels of medical consultations, but make less use of preventive care and screening services. This fact contributes to their poorer health outcomes, as diagnosis will typically occur later than for more advantaged individuals, thus leading to a poorer prognosis. However, to date, there has been little research on the differential utilisation of preventive health services for CVD and diabetes by different socioeconomic groups in Australia. To understand socioeconomic influences on the use of preventive health services, a comprehensive review of the literature of determinants of health service utilisation was conducted and a number of explanations for this relationship considered. It was proposed that the following factors are likely to be important in this relationship: differences in the perception of the availability of, and accessibility to health care, attitudes and beliefs toward preventive health care, having a regular source of care, perception of interpersonal care from general practitioners, and social support. A number of theoretical models were also reviewed; in particular, the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Service Research Utilisation. Aims: This doctoral research program has described the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and utilisation of preventive health services in relation to CVD and diabetes. It aims to improve the understanding of the determinants of uptake and utilisation of preventive health services in general practice by different socioeconomic groups in Australia. Methods: The study was conducted in Brisbane Australia, in 2004, using a cross-sectional design and a self-administered mailed survey for data collection. A sample of adults aged 25-64 years was selected randomly from the Brisbane Electoral Roll. A conceptual model incorporating a range of relevant socio-demographic, risk-factor and behavioural variables in the relationship between SEP and GP-based use of preventive health services was used to develop a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot-tested and then reviewed by a panel of international experts. A new self-administered questionnaire, the Health Service Utilisation Questionnaire (HSUQ), was developed. It included 79 items: 12 socio-demographic items; 10 items assessing health status, disease conditions and smoking status; 20 items assessing use of health services; and 37 items assessing the factors that might affect use of health services utilisation. The HSUQ was then mailed to 800 randomly selected survey participants. The survey response rate was 65.6 per cent. After exclusion of those patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, the final sample size was 381, consisting of 155 males and 226 females. Socioeconomic indicators were individual education level and family income. Blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups by general practitioners (GPs) were used as the major outcome variables. Nine scales and two dichotomous variables that measure those potential factors were derived following Principal Component Analysis and reliability testing. The data were analysed separately by gender, and adjusted for age and each of the socioeconomic indicators. Statistical description, bivariate analysis and multivariable modelling in SPSS were applied for the data analysis. Results: The survey results were suggestive of socioeconomically disadvantaged people being less likely than more advantaged people to utilise preventive health services for CVD and diabetes. For males, the low socioeconomic groups recorded the least use of preventive health services among the three education and income groups, including blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups, while the high socioeconomic group recorded the greatest use of preventive health services. There was no apparent relationship between education level and blood pressure check-up, while individuals from low-income families were less likely to go for a blood pressure check-up. For females, most of the results suggested that the low socioeconomic groups were less likely than the high socioeconomic groups to have blood cholesterol and blood glucose check-ups. However, this was not the case for blood pressure check-ups. The results showed that the low and middle socioeconomic groups were more likely than the high socioeconomic groups to have BP check-ups. However, the low socioeconomic groups were still less likely than the middle socioeconomic groups to have a blood pressure check-up. Overall, there was a similar pattern between education and income and the use of GP-based preventive health services among both males and females. The findings from the examination of the mediating factors between SEP and the GP-based use of preventive health services suggested that socioeconomically disadvantaged adults (both low level of education and low income) are more concerned about transport and travel time to health care, and accessibility to health care in terms of finding a GP who bulk bills, the cost of seeing a GP and having a choice of GP. They are also less likely to have a regular place of care and social support. These potential factors are likely to result in a lesser use of preventive health services than their high-SEP counterparts. In addition, the findings also suggested that respondents with a low level of education have less-positive attitudes towards health care, and that those from low-income families do not have a regular care provider and are less likely to visit their GP for a preventive check-up in relation to CVD and diabetes in Australia. Conclusions: Strategies for reducing socioeconomic health inequalities are partly associated with changing social and economic policies, empowering individuals, strengthening social and family networks, and improving the equity of the health care system. Strategies have been recommended for implementation in general practice that are directed at targeting the needs of disadvantaged groups; for example, providing longer consultation time and actively offering information on preventive care. Implementation of health promotion programs is needed in disadvantaged areas to keep the community informed about the availability of health services and to make health services more accessible. The health care system needs to be geographically accessible through improvements to the transport system. In addition, improving access to a regular source of primary health care is likely to be an important step in encouraging low-SEP individuals to use preventive health services.
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Lima, Cláudia Gonçalves de. „Atividade protetora cardiovascular do suco de laranja vermelha em indivíduos adultos /“. Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88631.
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Orientador: Thais Borges CésarBanca: Magali C. Monteiro da Silva
Banca: Lívia Gussoni Basile
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ingestão regular do suco de laranja de polpa vermelha sobre alguns fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos adultos residentes nos municípios de Araraquara (SP) e Matão (SP). A variedade das laranjas de polpa vermelha é também conhecida como laranja sanguínea de Mombuca, e sua coloração é devida à presença de carotenóides, especialmente beta-caroteno e licopeno. Participaram deste estudo 19 homens e 16 mulheres que receberam 750 mL/dia de suco de laranja vermelha pasteurizado durante 8 semanas. As variáveis antropométricas utilizadas foram: peso, altura, dobras cutâneas do tríceps, bíceps, subescapular e suprailíaca e circunferência da cintura. Para a avaliação bioquímica foram realizadas dosagens de colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, apolipoproteínas A1 e B, proteína C reativa, homocisteína, triglicérides e glicemia. Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram verificadas a pressão arterial sistólica e a diastólica, e para a avaliação dietética foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o consumo de suco de laranja vermelha. Os resultados mostraram que o colesterol total foi reduzido em 9% entre os participantes que consumiram o suco de laranja vermelha, o colesterol de LDL em 11%, a apolipoproteína B em 5% e a proteína C reativa em 49%. A pressão arterial sistólica foi reduzida em 4% entre os participantes eutróficos e a pressão diastólica foi reduzida em 4% entre os participantes com excesso de peso. Não houve diminuição significativa das variáveis antropométricas. O consumo do suco de laranja vermelha aumentou em 907% a ingestão de vitamina C e 145% a ingestão de folato das mulheres, e 1130% de vitamina C e 123% de folato dos homens. A ingestão regular de suco de laranja vermelha apresentou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study had as objective investigates the regular ingestion of the red orange juice over risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in adults residents in the cities of Araraquara (SP) and Matão (SP). The variety of red pulp orange is also known as Mombuca blood orange, and its color is due to the carotenoids, especially from beta-carotene and lycopene. The study included 19 men and 16 women, which received 750 mL/d of pasteurized red orange juice during 8 weeks. It was evaluated in all subjects: weigh, height, skin folds (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac), waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Biochemical parameters were accomplished for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B, C reactive protein, homocysteine, triglycerides and glucose. For hemodynamic assessment were observed systolic and diastolic blood pressure and dietary evaluation was estimated using 24h food record. All evaluations were accomplished before and after consumption of red orange juice. The results showed that the consumers of red orange juice decreased total cholesterol by 9%, LDLcholesterol by 11%, apo B by 5% and the C reactive protein by 49%. Systolic blood pressure was reduced 4% among eutrophic participants and the diastolic blood pressure reduced 4% among the pre-obese participants. There was no significant reduction on anthropometric variables. Consumption of red orange juice increased 10 folds the intake of vitamin C and double the intake of folate for all volunteers. Regular consumption of red orange juice has shown hypolipidemic and hypotensive properties, while both juices, from the red and yellow oranges, have shown antiinflammatory effects
Mestre
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SAVINETTI, ILENIA. „Specific Signatures in Peripheral Blood Monocytes Stratify Multiple Sclerosis Patients Phenotypes“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365445.
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La Sclerosi Multipla (MS) è una patologia autoimmune cronica che colpisce il sistema nervoso centrale (SNC) determinando demielinizzazione. I principali fenotipi patologici sono Recidivante-Remittente (RRMS) e Primariamente Progressiva (PPMS) – quest’ultima è la forme più grave. Ajami B. et al. hanno dimostrato che nel modello murino affetto da Encefalomielite (EAE) - il modello animale di MS- vi è una forte correlazione tra la presenza di monociti a livello del SNC ed il peggioramento dei sintomi motori tipici della malattia. Partendo da queste evidenze , per il nostro studio sono stati prelevati campioni di sangue da HC, RRMS e PPMS -tutte femmine- per poi isolare i monociti CD14+. Su tali campioni sono stati condotti esperimenti microarray e successivamente qRT-PCR. L’analisi bioinformatica ha evidenziato che gli RRMS si distribuivano formando due gruppi: un gruppo (RR1) si distribuiva similmente agli HC, l’altro (RR2) si distribuiva similmente ai PPMS. Dalla Gene Ontology è emerso che i processi biologici maggiormente deregolati erano quelli di Infiammazione e Colesterolo. In aggiunta a questi pazienti, è stata validata tramite qRT-PCR una seconda coorte di RRMS e PPMS. La validazione tramite qRT-PCR ha confermato che i geni coinvolti nella biosintesi del colesterolo sono deregolati nei pazienti di entrambe le coorti, ma con specifiche differenze basate sul paziente. Infatti, sia per gli RRMS che per i PPMS si sono potute apprezzare differenze nei livelli di espressione dello stesso gene anche tra i pazienti con lo stesso fenotipo clinico. Questa deregolazione a livello metabolico, ha permesso di ipotizzare che i monociti di questi pazienti possano avere un fenotipo concordante con la Trained Immunity (TI), recentemente scoperta. Per TI si intende la memoria dell’immunità innata: monociti venuti in contatto con uno stimolo primario conserverebbero memoria di tale “incontro” reagendo in maniera più violenta ad una seconda stimolazione come potrebbe essere uno stimolo infiammatorio. Il primo stimolo può essere indifferentemente un vaccino o molecole come mevalonato (intermedio della biosintesi del colesterolo), β-Glucano e LDL ossidato (oxLDL). Per verificare questa ipotesi abbiamo testato l’espressione di geni che possono essere coinvolti nella TI, tra cui CD36, SR-A, OLR1 – collegati all’oxLDL- NLRP3, DECTIN-1 (codifica per il recettore del β-Glucano) e KDM6B (legato a modificazioni epigenetiche). I più deregolati sono risultati essere OLR1 e DECTIN-1, ma in modo diverso tra le due coorti. In particolare, la coorte 1 risulta più deregolata. Per quanto riguarda il pathway infiammatorio, invece, non è stata osservata la stessa deregolazione nella coorte 1 e nella coorte 2. La coorte 1 è risultata tendenzialmente più infiammata rispetto alla coorte 2, in particolare per i geni TNFα, CXCL2, CXCL3 e CXCL8. A seguito di questi risultati molecolari, si è proceduto con la messa a punto di un possibile modello in vitro. Stimolando ThP1 (monociti umani immortalizzati) con LPC (componente principale dell’oxLDL) si è osservata una corrispondente up-regolazione sia dei geni del colesterolo che dei geni infiammatori (NLRP3, TNFα), confermando di fatto che Infiammazione e Colesterolo viaggiano di pari passo. Per finire, sui pazienti della coorte 1 analizzati con microarray, è stata effettuata l’analisi del miRnoma che ha identificato miRNA collegati ai geni del colesterolo. Alla luce di questi risultati, dove è stato possibile caratterizzare meglio la coorte 1 che la coorte 2, e date le differenze riscontrate anche tra pazienti dello stesso fenotipo clinico di MS, si suggerisce un approccio di tipo personalizzato partendo da una signature molecolare, in modo da definire il profilo di ogni paziente. Inoltre, questo studio suggerisce che per almeno dei sottotipi di pazienti con MS, un trattamento con statine potrebbe essere un importante aiuto nel miglioramento dei sintomi.Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) leading to demyelination. The main pathological phenotypes are Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) and Primary Progressive (PPMS) - the latter being the most severe form. Ajami B. et al. have shown that in the mouse model affected by Encephalomyelitis (EAE) - the animal model of MS- there is a strong correlation between the presence of monocytes at the level of the CNS and the worsening of the motor symptoms typical of the disease. Based on this evidence, blood samples from HC, RRMS and PPMS -all female- were collected for our study and CD14+ monocytes were isolated. Microarray experiments were conducted on these samples and subsequently qRT-PCR was performed. Bioinformatics analysis showed that RRMS distributed in two groups: one group (RR1) had similar trend to HC, the other group (RR2) had similar trend to PPMS. Gene Ontology showed that the most deregulated biological processes were those of Inflammation and Cholesterol. In addition to these patients, a second cohort of RRMS and PPMS was validated by qRT-PCR. Validation by qRT-PCR confirmed that the genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis were deregulated in patients of both cohorts, but with specific patient-based differences. In fact, for both RRMS and PPMS, differences in expression levels of the same gene could be appreciated even among patients with the same clinical phenotype. This deregulation at the metabolic level, allowed us to hypothesize that the monocytes of these patients may have a phenotype consistent with the recently discovered Trained Immunity (TI). By TI is meant the memory of innate immunity: monocytes come into contact with a primary stimulus would retain memory of such "encounter", reacting more violently - and in the case of Multiple Sclerosis in an autoimmune way - to a second stimulation as could be an inflammatory stimulus. The first stimulus may be either a vaccine or molecules such as mevalonate (intermediate cholesterol biosynthesis), β-Glucan, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL). To verify this hypothesis, we tested the expression of genes that may be involved in IT, including CD36, SR-A, OLR1 - linked to oxLDL- NLRP3 and DECTIN-1 (the latter is the β-Glucan receptor). The most deregulated were OLR1 and DECTIN-1, but in a different way between the two cohorts. In particular, cohort 1 is more deregulated. For inflammatory pathways, however, the same deregulation was not observed in cohort 1 and cohort 2. Cohort 1 tended to be more inflamed than cohort 2, particularly for TNFα, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL8 genes. Following these molecular results, a possible in vitro model was developed. By stimulating Thp1 (immortalized human monocytes) with LPC (main component of oxLDL) a corresponding up-regulation of both cholesterol genes and inflammatory genes (NLRP3, TNFα) was observed, confirming that inflammation and cholesterol travel hand in hand. Finally, on cohort 1 patients analyzed with microarrays, miRNome analysis was carried out and identified miRNAs related to cholesterol genes. In view of these findings, where cohort 1 has been better characterized than cohort 2, it is suggested a personalized approach starting from a molecular signature, in order to define the profile of each patient. In addition, this study suggests that for at least subtypes of patients with MS, statin treatment could be an important aid in improving symptoms.
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SICCHIERI, LETICIA B. „Caracterização da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) por meios espectroscópicos“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10109.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Suhy, Adam. „Regulation of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Expression of Transporters in the Blood Brain Barrier“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428073312.
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Chen, Zheng-Ming. „A prospective study of chronic disease and risk factors in an urban Chinese population“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f76b4c5-8edd-4917-a96e-c8f9a8242102.
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The relationships of serum cholesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking with certain chronic diseases were investigated in a prospective study among more than 9,000 middle-aged adults in urban Shanghai. At baseline, the mean serum cholesterol was 4.2 mmol/l, 14 per cent of the participants had definite hypertension, and 61 per cent of males and 7 per cent of females were regular smokers. During 8-13 years of follow-up, 620 deaths were recorded. 231 (37%) of the deaths were ascribed to cardiovascular disease, including 44 (7%) from CHD and 152 (25%) from stroke. Cancer caused 274 deaths (44%), of which 66 deaths (11%) were from lung cancer, 63 (10%) from stomach cancer and 54 deaths (9%) from liver cancer. Other causes accounted for 115 deaths (19%), 29 (5%) of which were from chronic liver disease, and 31 (5%) from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, there was a strong positive and apparently independent relationship of serum cholesterol level to CHD death (z=3.47, 2P<0.001). Within the range of usual serum cholesterol studied (about 3.8-4.7 mmol/l), there was no evidence of any apparent "threshold". After appropriate adjustment for the "regression dilution" bias, a 4% difference in usual cholesterol was associated with a 21% (95% confidence interval 9-35%) difference in the risk of CHD death. There was no significant relationship of serum cholesterol with total stroke mortality, or with total cancer mortality. The 79 deaths due to liver cancer or other chronic liver diseases were inversely related to cholesterol concentration at baseline. This inverse association appears to be secondary to prolonged hepatitis B virus infection, which accounts for most of the deaths from liver disease in China and which chronically lowers blood cholesterol. There was a strong positive relationship between blood pressure and risk of death from stroke and CHD. Within the range of usual blood pressure studied (SBP: 117-161 mmHg; DBP:75-101 mmHg), there was no evidence of any apparent threshold. After appropriate adjustment for the "regression dilution" bias, a 10 mmHg difference in usual SBP was associated with a 67% (95% Cl 52-83%) difference in the risk of stroke deaths, and with a 44% (95% confidence interval 21- 73%) difference in the risk of CHD death; a 7 mmHg difference in usual DBP was associated with a 124% (95% Cl 96-155%) difference in the risk of stroke deaths, and with a 58% (95% Cl 22-105%) difference in the risk of CHD deaths. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with deaths from any disease. There was a strong positive relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of all cancer deaths, and specifically cancer of the lung and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. The relative risk of lung cancer for a current smoker was 3.5 (95% Cl 1.8-7.0; 2P<0.001), and among the male population 63% of lung cancers were directly attributed to the smoking. The relative risk of upper aero-digestive cancer death for regular smokers was 3.4 (95% Cl 1.1-10.5; 2P<0.05). The risk of chronic obstructive lung disease was also significantly related to smoking, with a relative risk in a smoker of 2.2 (95% Cl 1.1-4.4; 2P<0.05). In the present population, smokers had a 60% excess risk of deaths from total stroke compared with nonsmokers (z=2.40, 2P<0.05).