Thematische Bibliographien / Bipyridylium herbicide

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Bipyridylium herbicide“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Bipyridylium herbicide"

Tucker, Edwin S., und Stephen B. Powles. „A Biotype of Hare Barley (Hordeum leporinum) Resistant to Paraquat and Diquat“. Weed Science 39, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450007140x.

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A biotype of the annual grass weed hare barley infesting an alfalfa field with a 24-yr history of the use of the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat, was investigated for resistance to these herbicides. Rates of up to 800 g ai ha–1of each herbicide caused no mortality in the hare barley plants from this field. The same species, collected from an adjacent pasture field with no history of bipyridylium herbicide application, exhibited LD50'sof 57 and 160 g ai ha–1for paraquat and diquat, respectively. Tiller numbers and dry matter production in the biotype from the alfalfa field were not affected by the normal rate recommended for both herbicides. These results clearly show that hare barley from the alfalfa field is resistant to paraquat and diquat. Both biotypes were equally sensitive to fluazifop, glyphosate, and sethoxydim.

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Koschnick, Tyler J., William T. Haller und Les Glasgow. „Documentation of landoltia (Landoltia punctata) resistance to diquat“. Weed Science 54, Nr. 4 (August 2006): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-002r.1.

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Landoltia was collected and cultured from a canal in Lake County, Florida, where diquat was used repeatedly during the past 20–30 yr for duckweed control. Recent applications of diquat failed to provide adequate control of duckweed, and a new commercial formulation of diquat was suspected. The new formulation was not the cause of reduced efficacy. Static exposures (48 h) to various concentrations of diquat were used to compare the susceptibility of the Lake County landoltia accession to one never exposed to diquat. These static tests indicated that landoltia, from a population with no prior history of herbicide treatment, was extremely susceptible to diquat. The accession from Lake County, FL had developed resistance to diquat, and was also cross resistant to paraquat. The resistance factor was 50 for diquat and 29 for paraquat. The Lake County accession also exhibited reduced ion leakage after diquat exposure under light and dark conditions. This suggests the resistance mechanism to the bipyridylium herbicides in landoltia is independent of photosynthetic electron transport. This research documents the first aquatic plant species that has developed resistance to the bipyridylium herbicides.

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Powles, Stephen B., und Peter D. Howat. „Herbicide-resistant Weeds in Australia“. Weed Technology 4, Nr. 1 (März 1990): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025203.

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This review considers the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes in Australia. Biotypes of the important annual weed species, capeweed, wall barley, and hare barley are resistant to the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat. These resistant biotypes developed on a small number of alfalfa fields that have a long history of paraquat and diquat use within a distinct geographical area in central western Victoria. The resistant biotypes are controlled by alternative herbicides and pose little practical concern. Some populations of wild oat are resistant to the methyl ester of diclofop. Of greatest concern is the development of cross resistance in biotypes of rigid ryegrass to aryloxyphenoxypropionate, cyclohexanedione, sulfonylurea, and dinitroaniline herbicides. The cross-resistant rigid ryegrass infests crops and pastures at widely divergent locales throughout the cropping zones of southern Australia. The options for control of cross-resistant rigid ryegrass by herbicides are limited. A biotype of rigid ryegrass on railway tracks treated for 10 yr with amitrole plus atrazine has resistance to amitrole and atrazine and other triazine, triazinone, and phenylurea herbicides. Management tactics for cross resistance are discussed.

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Vaishampayan, A. „Potent Mutagenicity of a Bipyridylium Herbicide in a Nitrogen-fixing Blue-green Alga Nostoc muscorum“,. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 180, Nr. 4 (Januar 1985): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(85)80010-x.

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Rannels, D. E., A. E. Pegg, R. S. Clark und J. L. Addison. „Interaction of paraquat and amine uptake by rat lungs perfused in situ“. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 249, Nr. 5 (01.11.1985): E506—E513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.5.e506.

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The kinetics of [14C]paraquat (N,N-di[14C]methyl-4,4'-bipyridylium) uptake from the pulmonary circulation were investigated in rat lungs perfused in situ. During the 1st h of exposure to the herbicide paraquat entered the lungs primarily by diffusion; no evidence was obtained from concentrative uptake, saturation kinetics (1-3,500 microM paraquat), or inhibition by the amines methyl-glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) or spermidine, both of which were expected to compete for paraquat transport sites. In contrast, after 60 min of exposure, uptake rates increased two- to three-fold, and paraquat was accumulated to an apparent intracellular concentration greater than that in the perfusate. The latter phase of paraquat uptake was saturable and was inhibited by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone); it did not appear to reflect a progressive paraquat-induced alteration in cellular permeability but rather predominance of a rapid, carrier-mediated uptake pathway.

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Kim, Sangho, und Kriton K. Hatzios. „Differential Response of Two Soybean Cultivars to Paraquat“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, Nr. 3-4 (01.04.1993): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-3-443.

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The soybean cultivars “ Kwangkyo” and “ Hood ” are differentially sensitive to the bipyridylium herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4 ,4′-bipyridiniumion). This was confirmed by visible injury observations, measurements of desiccation levels and chlorophyll content, and tracings of chlorophyll fluorescence induction of fully expanded first trifoliate leaves of these two cultivars after exposure to a wide range of paraquat concentrations. The margin of this intraspecific differential tolerance to paraquat was narrow an d the ratio of the paraquat concentrations causing 50% injury to the tolerant Kwangkyo and to the susceptible Hood soybean (approximate tolerance factor) was found to be 10. Paraquat at 1 μᴍ or higher inhibited rapidly the CO2 fixation capacity of leaf mesophyll cells, isolated enzymatically from both cultivars. Thus, the tolerance of Kwangkyo soybean to paraquat does not appear to result from any differences at the site of paraquat action in chloroplast membranes. At early time periods (30 min to 2 h) after treatment with 100 μᴍ of paraquat, chlorophyll fluorescence induction was completely suppressed in first trifoliate leaves of Hood, but not in those of Kwangkyo soybean. At longer time periods (≧ 3 h), paraquat suppressed chlorophyll fluorescence induction similarly in leaves of both soybean cultivars. These results suggest that reduced mobility or a delayed release of paraquat in the mesophyll cells of Kwangkyo may be involved in the observed tolerance of this soybean cultivar to this herbicide.

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Wang, Xiao H., Christopher L. Souders, Yuan H. Zhao und Christopher J. Martyniuk. „Mitochondrial bioenergetics and locomotor activity are altered in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to the bipyridylium herbicide diquat“. Toxicology Letters 283 (Februar 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.022.

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Bairaktari, Eleni, Kostas Katopodis, Kostas C. Siamopoulos und Orestes Tsolas. „Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine“. Clinical Chemistry 44, Nr. 6 (01.06.1998): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1256.

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Abstract The herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium dichloride; PQ), is a poison known to cause delayed mortality due to lung and kidney injuries. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been extensively applied in evaluating nephrotoxicity by the characteristic perturbations in the excretion pattern of low molecular weight endogenous metabolites. The application of the method allows the rapid localization of the renal injury noninvasively. In this study, we report 1H NMR and conventional clinical chemistry urinalysis in two patients suffering from paraquat intoxication after overdose with suicidal intent. The alterations in the urine NMR spectrum suggest necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal renal tubules. The molecule of paraquat is also clearly detected in the same spectrum. In conclusion, the rapid screening of urine by NMR spectroscopy provides information about both the identity of the poison and the abnormal pattern of endogenous metabolites that characterize the location of the injury in renal tubules and reveals alterations in unusual metabolites that are not commonly measured.

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Wong, Robert C., und Jeffrey B. Stevens. „Bipyridylium herbicide toxicity in vitro: Comparative study of the cytotoxicity of paraquat and diquat toward the pulmonary alveolar macrophage“. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 18, Nr. 3 (Januar 1986): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530880.

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Badli, Nur Afiqah, Rusmidah Ali und Leny Yuliati. „Influence of Zirconium Doped Titanium Oxide towards Photocatalytic Activity of Paraquat“. Advanced Materials Research 1107 (Juni 2015): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.377.

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The heterogeneous photocatalyst based on titanium dioxide has been widely investigated as an attractive treatment method for water pollution. Herbicide like paraquat dichloride is one of the toxic organic pollutants which is harmful to human and animal and is still being used in agricultural sectors. TiO2doped with zirconium element has been proven to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2from the previous study. Therefore in this study, photodegradation of paraquat dichloride (1,1-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridylium dichloride) under UV irradiation was studied using TiO2and Zr doped TiO2prepared via modified sol gel method as photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity was increased in the presence of zirconium as dopant compared to TiO2. Various calcination temperatures range from 450°C to 1000°C and dopant ratio (10:90, 20:80 and 30:70) were applied to optimize the working condition. Significant enhancement was obtained using Zr doped TiO2(20:80) calcined at 750°C which gave 79.63% degradation of paraquat compared to TiO2calcined at 450°C and 750°C which were 22.31% and 11.57%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffratogram of Zr doped TiO2photocatalyst showed a mixture of anatase/rutile TiO2crystalline structures at 750°C. Nanosized photocatalyst with spherical morphology was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The surface area measured by nitrogen adsorption analysis showed an increment from 8.43m2/g to 46.35m2/g compared to undoped catalyst calcined at 450°C.

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