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Mathooko, Jude Mutuku. „Vertical distribution of macrozoobenthos and coarse particulate organic matter in the sediment surface of a pool biotope in the Njoro River Kenya“. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 133, Nr. 1 (27.03.1995): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/133/1995/95.
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Šteffek, Jozef. „Spoločenstvá suchozemských mäkkýšov severnej časti Devínskej Kobyly (Malé Karpaty) [Land snail assemblages of the north part of the Devínska Kobyla hill (Malé Karpaty Mts., SW Slovakia)]“. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 4 (18.11.2005): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mab2005-4-26.
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Present paper is focused on two topics. First topic is focused on evaluation of mollusc assemblages of northern part of the Devínska Kobyla hill (Malé Karpaty Mts.). The second topic was evaluation of all published data on molluscs of this area. The research was conducted during vegetation period of the year 1978. From 9 types of biotopes altogether 47 quantitative samples were sampled. The assemblages were evaluated on the base of constancy and dominance of the species. Altogether 7913 mollusc specimens were obtained from the samples. Composition and status of the forest mollusc assemblages in northern part of the Devínska Kobyla was shown to be determined by the substratum, age of forest stand and the degree of the biotopes disturbance. The species richest assemblage was detected within old grown forest (biotope 7) and calcareous substratum. The species poorest were assemblages found within clear-cut and young stand (biotopes 5, 8). Species rich community was found also in old growth forest with quartzite substratum, however a number of steppe species is absent within this biotope. The molluscan communities of open habitats were observed only in the northern part of the Devínska Kobyla foothill area. They occur mainly within xeric degraded grassland biotopes (vacant pastures, deforested fields). Within other non-limestone substratum biotopes only species poor coenoses composed of single or e few of species occurred (biotopes 2 and 6). The exception was the natural xeric grassland biotopes, which were typical biotopes for rich community of steppe molluscs (biotope 9). Extremely rich were limestone rocks, which are in addition partially covered by forest. The rich forest land snail community together with a number of xeric species was found here (biotope 3). In second part mollusc species composition of northern and southern part of the Devínska Kobyla massive and the Devínske Hradné Bralo hill are compared. Altogether 65 mollusc species (51 species in north part, 44 species in south part, 37 species in the Devín Castle hill) were found in whole area until nowadays. 10 mollusc species were found only in the southern part of the Devínska Kobyla massive (Bythinella austriaca, Chondrula tridens, Zebrina detrita, Vitrea subrimata, Nesovitrea hammonis, Limax cinereoniger, Limax maximus, Arion fuscus, Pisidium casertanum a P. personatum), 5 species were found only in northern part of the Massive (Platyla polita, Pyramidula pusilla, Vertigo pusilla, Vitrea crystallina, Monachoides vicinus) and 4 species were only found in the Devínske Hradné Bralo hill (Pupilla sterri, Balea perversa, Trichia striolata danubialis, Fruticicola fruticum). During our research 3 species new not published from this area were found (Platyla polita, Nesovitrea hammonis and Limax maximus).
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Gerard, P. J., M. R. McNeill, B. I. P. Barratt und S. A. Whiteman. „Rationale for release of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides for biocontrol of clover root weevil“. New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (01.08.2006): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4471.
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A European biotype of Microctonus aethiopoides was identified as the best candidate biocontrol agent for Sitona lepidus a serious New Zealand pasture pest A Moroccan biotype was already present throughout the country and hence there was no requirement to obtain Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act approval to release new biotypes However as research had shown mating between the two biotypes produced hybrids with poor efficacy against target hosts and that the Moroccan biotype attacked several native weevil genera serious reservations were held about introducing the European biotype Concerns were overcome with the identification of a parthenogenetic strain of European M aethiopoides from Ireland which has little risk of hybridisation and a narrower host range than the Moroccan biotype Following regulation of M aethiopoides as a risk species this strain was considered to be a new organism Approval was sought and gained under the HSNO Act to release the strain
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Gray, Stewart M., Dawn M. Smith, Lia Barbierri und John Burd. „Virus Transmission Phenotype Is Correlated with Host Adaptation Among Genetically Diverse Populations of the Aphid Schizaphis graminum“. Phytopathology® 92, Nr. 9 (September 2002): 970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.970.
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Schizaphis graminum is an important insect pest of several grain crops and an efficient vector of cereal-infecting luteoviruses and poleroviruses. We examined the virus transmission characteristics of several distinct populations and various developmental stages of the aphid. Seven well-characterized S. graminum biotypes maintained at the USDA-ARS laboratory in Stillwater, OK, and two biotypes maintained in New York (one collected in Wisconsin and the other collected in South Carolina) were tested for their ability to transmit five viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease (BYD). Four of the Oklahoma biotypes, which do not commonly colonize agronomic crops, and the Wisconsin biotype, were efficient vectors of several viruses. The three other Oklahoma biotypes, which do colonize agronomic crops, and the South Carolina biotype, were poor vectors of all five viruses. Thus, the vector specificity long associated with viruses causing BYD is not limited to the level of aphid species; it clearly extends to populations within a single species. S. graminum nymphs are reported to be more efficient vectors of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-SGV) than are adults. This was confirmed only for the Wisconsin biotype, but not for the other eight S. graminum biotypes. Thus, there does not appear to be a generalized developmentally regulated barrier to the transmission of BYDV-SGV in S. graminum. Furthermore, the developmentally regulated vector competency observed in the Wisconsin biotype did not extend to other viruses. BYDV-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV were transmitted with similar efficiency by all S. graminum biotypes when acquired by nymphs or adults.
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Loddo, Donato, Gaetano Imperatore, Andrea Milani, Silvia Panozzo, Silvia Farinati, Maurizio Sattin und Giuseppe Zanin. „First Report of Glyphosate-Resistant Biotype of Eleusine Indica (L.) Gaertn. in Europe“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 11 (31.10.2020): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111692.
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Glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. have been detected in Asia, the Americas but not in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance levels and possible target site resistance mechanisms of an E. indica biotype (19-1) collected from a plant nursery in Southern Italy where poor glyphosate efficacy was reported. Two dose-response experiments were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of biotype 19-1 to glyphosate in comparison with two susceptible checks. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) sequencing was performed to identify possible mutations conferring the resistance. The susceptible biotypes were completely controlled at the glyphosate recommended field dose of 360 g ae ha−1, while 50% of the plants of biotype 19-1 survived at 1440 g ae ha−1. The resistance index of biotype 19-1 ranged between 5.8 and 7.3 for the response variables of fresh weight reduction and plant survival, respectively. All the plants surviving glyphosate application and sampled for DNA analyses had the point mutation P106A. The biotype 19-1 can be confirmed as glyphosate-resistant, representing the first glyphosate-resistant population of E. indica in Europe.
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Katiyar, S. K., G. Chandel, Y. Tan, Y. Zhang, B. Huang, L. Nugaliyadde, K. Fernando et al. „Biodiversity of Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) from five countries examined by AFLP analysis“. Genome 43, Nr. 2 (15.03.2000): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-119.
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to assess the biodiversity of one of the most important dipteran pests of cereals, the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason). Larvae and pupae were collected at 15 locations in five Asian countries and preserved in 95% ethanol for storage, shipment, and DNA extraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Although only ~1 µg of DNA was extracted from a single pupa or larva, the use of several AFLP primers in various combinations meant that this amount of DNA was sufficient to allow many DNA fingerprints to be made per individual. Fingerprints were sufficiently reproducible, especially during selective amplification, to allow the genetic diversity within a field population to be characterized. Extraction of DNA from a pool of 20 insects yielded AFLP fingerprints in which variation among individuals was sacrificed in favor of detecting differences among populations. For each location, pooled DNA was amplified with three primer pairs. A total of 261 distinct AFLP bands were identified for the 45 fingerprints. Cluster analysis, performed by the unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA), separated the populations into two distinct groups. Group I included two populations from Guangdong province of southern China and one each from Laos and Imphal in northeastern India, while group II was comprised of eleven populations from elsewhere in India (Assam, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala) and from Nepal and Sri Lanka. AFLP analysis provided insight into the origins of gall midge biotypes. In 1992, the prevailing biotype in Imphal changed from Indian biotype 3 to a new biotype 3M. Our data show that biotype 3M belongs to group I and did not arise by a recent mutation from biotype 3, which belongs to group II. By contrast, Indian biotypes 2 and 4 are likely to have diverged through recent mutation and selection, as are Chinese biotypes 1 and 4. The almost simultaneous emergence of new biotypes in Kerala and Sri Lanka during 1985-1988 was most probably coincidental, because these biotypes are not closely related. AFLP fingerprints were also able to detect sexual dimorphism in the DNA of adult gall midges and to distinguish gall midge from its major parasite Platygaster oryzae. Key words: biotypes, Cecidomyiidae, insect, Oryza sativa, Platygaster oryzae, population, sexual dimorphism.
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Cuny-Houchmand, Madline, Stéphane Renaudin, Mustapha Leroul, Lucie Planche, Laurent Le Guehennec und Assem Soueidan. „Gingival Biotype Assessement: Visual Inspection Relevance And Maxillary Versus Mandibular Comparison“. Open Dentistry Journal 7, Nr. 1 (24.01.2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601307010001.
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Objective: This clinical study was aimed at evaluating the accuracy of gingival visual inspection procedures during clinical examination and determining whether differences existed between the maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes. Materials and Methods: The study included 53 patients and 124 clinicians. The clinicians were asked to assign to each subject, using photographic documents, one of three biotypes: thin-scalloped, thick-scalloped, or thick-flat gingival biotype. A total of 19716 responses were collected for statistical analysis. Results: Identification accuracy of the gingival biotype and the intra-examiner repeatability presented poor highlighting of the limited relevance of visual inspection. In addition, the percent of agreement between classifications based on the global view of both the maxilla and mandible and the classification based on the individual mandibular or maxillary anterior teeth was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it can be concluded that a simple visual inspection is not effective for the identification of gingival biotype. Furthermore, evidence suggests that a difference of biotype between the maxilla and the mandible in the same patient is conceivable. Therefore, orthodontic clinical examination should incorporate a reproducible method of determining the individualized gingival biotype for each group of teeth that will be moved.
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Nazarenko, Nazar Nikolayevich, und Sergey Mikhailovich Pokhlebayev. „A.L. Belgard and N.M. Matveev’s ecological and coenotical groups (coenomorphs) for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region“. Samara Journal of Science 9, Nr. 1 (28.02.2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202091112.
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The paper examines the coenomorphs scheme of vascular plants species by A.L. Belgard which was introduced for the Volga River Region flora by N.M. Matveev. The coenomorphs scheme assessment has been done for 752 vascular plants species of flora by an expert and statistical approach, which included three variants of classification (by N.M. Matveev and by A.L. Belgard with halophyte and psammophyte groups identification and without it) with the use of discriminant analysis and phytoindication scales. It has been proved that it is possible to rate N.M. Matveevs coenomorphs in phytoindication scales for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region. The biotope optimums of coenomorphs are identified for 12 edaphic and climatic factors. It is necessary to specify the halophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesophytic biotopes of basic and alkaline soils with irregular and shallow moisture penetration of root zone and poor carbonate and sulphate salinization and specify the psammophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesoxerophytic biotopes of subacid and poor nitrogen soils. The steppe-ruderal, meadow-ruderal and silvan-ruderal coenomorphs introduced by N.M. Matveev are not specific ecological and coenotical groups, they are not identified as ruderal and their identification as individual coenomorphs dont appear to have sufficient reasons. But these groups can be used as indicators of such biotopes: steppe on poor carbonate soils (steppe-ruderal group), mesophytic meadow (meadow-ruderal group), and not-shade (half-shade and half-light) sylvatic (silvan-ruderal group).
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Clementz, Brett, Rebekah Trotti, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Matcheri Keshavan, Elliot Gershon, Sarah Keedy, Elena Ivleva, Jennifer E. McDowell und Carol Tamminga. „O3.4. PSYCHOSIS PHENOTYPES FROM B-SNIP FOR CLINICAL ADVANCES: BIOTYPE CHARACTERISTICS AND TARGETS“. Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa028.015.
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Abstract Background Psychiatry aspires to disease understanding and precision medicine. Biological research supporting such missions in psychosis may be compromised by continued reliance on clinical phenomenology in the search for pathophysiological mechanisms. A transdiagnostic deep phenotyping approach, such as that used by the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP), offers a promising strategy for discovery of biological mechanisms underlying psychosis syndromes. The B-SNIP consortium has identified biological subtypes of psychosis, Biotypes, which outperform conventional DSM diagnoses when accounting for variance of multiple external validating measures. While these biological distinctions are scientifically remarkable, their resulting clinical manifestations and potential utility in clinical practice is of paramount importance. Methods Approximately 1500 psychosis cases and 450 healthy persons were administered the B-SNIP biomarker battery (including MRI, EEG, ocular motor, and cognition measures). Psychosis cases were also clinically characterized using multiple measures, including MADRS, PANSS, YMRS, and Birchwood. Numerical taxonomy approaches were used for identifying biologically homogenous psychosis subgroups (gap and TWO-STEP cluster identifications, k-means clustering, and canonical discriminant analysis). ANOVA models were used to analyze external validating measures. Multivariate discriminant models were used to identify clinical features differentiating conventional psychosis syndromes and psychosis Biotypes. Results There was remarkable similarity between previously published biomarker profiles for DSM psychosis syndromes and a new sample of psychosis cases (average r=.92). Numerical taxonomy on biomarker data recovered three subgroups (replicating previous findings), and the biomarker profiles were highly similar to previous results (average r=.87). Schizoaffective cases were both the most diverse and the most clearly differentiated from schizophrenia and bipolar cases (on conative negative symptoms, depression, and mania) in clinical feature space. The only feature that uniquely distinguished schizophrenia was social-relational negative symptoms. Biotype-1 was characterized by accentuations on clinical features consistent with their biomarker deviations (relational negative symptoms, poor social functioning, and dysfunction of cognition). Alternatively, Biotype-2, also consistent with their biomarker deviations, had clinical features indicating neurophysiological dysregulation (most specifically physiological and behavioral dysregulation). Biotype-3 cases, the most normal across biomarkers, were noticeably absent of Biotype-1 clinical features and had more restricted clinical manifestations than any other Biotype or DSM subgroup. We illustrate three possible Biotype-specific treatment targets. Discussion Replication of B-SNIP psychosis Biotypes indicates the possible utility and importance of neurobiological subtyping within psychosis that can yield specific treatment targets. In an analysis of clinical features, B-SNIP found that Biotypes have unique and defining clinical features that are consistent with their neurobiological profiles. Biotypes and DSM psychosis subgroups are neither neurobiologically nor clinically redundant. Specific treatment targets for psychosis Biotypes are not derivable from conventional clinical psychosis diagnoses. B-SNIP outcomes provide a background for future work that could establish psychiatry as a laboratory discipline, at least with regard to care of psychosis patients. This path is hypothetical at the moment but aspirational for the field.
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Lima, Neuza Rejane Wille, und Carlos Roberto S. F. Bizerril. „Frequency-dependence of mating success in Poeciliopsis monacha (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes) reproductive complex, Sonora, Mexico“. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000200006.
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A diversity of all-female fishes of the genus Poeciliopsis coexists with their sexual ancestor species in streams of western Mexico. All-females are hybrids that depend on the sperm of paternal species to reproduce. Rare-female advantage is one of several hypotheses that attempt to explain how the diversity of all-female biotypes is maintained within the Poeciliopsis reproductive complexes. According to this hypothesis, the uncommon all-female biotype has a mating advantage over the common ones and has been maintained by a dynamic equilibrium process. In the P. monacha reproductive complex at Arroyo de los Platanos the density of two all-female biotypes (P. 2monacha-lucida I and II) varies across pools. The objective of this study was to analyse fecundity and mating success of females from this arroyo to test the hypothesis. Female mating success was inversely correlated to their density, supporting this hypothesis.
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Boydston, R. A., H. Mojtahedi, C. Bates, R. Zemetra und C. R. Brown. „Weed Hosts of Globodera pallida from Idaho“. Plant Disease 94, Nr. 7 (Juli 2010): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-7-0918b.
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The potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida (PCN), a restricted pest in the United States, was first reported in Bingham and Bonneville counties of Idaho in 2006 (1). The U.S. government and Idaho State Department of Agriculture hope to eradicate it from infested fields. Eradicating PCN will require depriving the nematodes of their hosts over a protracted time period. Functional eradication might be achieved with relatively high, proven to be efficacious dosages of soil fumigants. The presence of host weeds of PCN can play a significant role in the success of the eradication program. To determine the host status of common weeds found in potato fields of the Pacific Northwest, host suitability tests were conducted in a secured greenhouse located at the University of Idaho at Moscow. Reproduction of PCN on nine weeds including hairy nightshade (Solanum physalifolium formerly S. sarrachoides) and cutleaf nightshade (S. triflorum) (biotypes from Idaho and Washington), black nightshade (S. nigrum) (Washington biotype), bittersweet nightshade (S. dulcamara) (Idaho biotype), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), kochia (Kochia scoparia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) were compared with reproduction on Desiree, Russet Burbank (known hosts), and Santé (poor host) potatoes (S. tuberosum). Plants were grown in 10-cm-diameter clay pots containing sandy loam soil previously fumigated with methyl bromide and inoculated with 10 to 150 cysts that were either collected from infested fields or raised in the secured greenhouse (ample diapause period elapsed). Treatments were replicated five times and each trial lasted 3 months. Cysts were extracted from soil with a Fenwick can, and the reproductive factor (RF = final cyst count ÷ initial inoculum) was determined. While both biotypes of hairy nightshade were suitable hosts of PCN (161–668 ÷ 150; RF = >1), cutleaf biotypes, black, and bittersweet nightshades were poor hosts (1–108 ÷ 150; RF = <1). Russet Burbank (77 ÷ 40; RF = 1.9) and Desiree (21–119 ÷ 75; RF = >1) proved to be suitable hosts and Santé (1–20 ÷ 150; RF = <1) a poor host of Idaho PCN. Although some cysts were recovered from pots containing the remaining weed species, they may have been part of the original inoculum. The significance of nightshade species (whether suitable or poor hosts) in eradication of potato cyst nematode from infested fields cannot be overemphasized. Reference: (1) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007.
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Homem Junior, Antonio Carlos, Marcos Chiquitelli Neto, Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro, William Koury Filho, Marcelo Estremote, Leandro Zuccherato Camerro, Ana Carolina Donofre und José Nicolau Prospero Puoli Filho. „Influence of concentrate levels in diet and body biotypes on productive variables of Guzera beef cattle“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, Nr. 6 (14.12.2016): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4305.
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The goal of this study was evaluate diets (50 or 80% of concentrate) and body biotypes (late or early) on performance, behavior, carcass condition, meat quality, and feed cost estimates in feedlot finishing Guzera beef cattle. Use of concentrates in the diet may improve performance and carcass fat scores in ruminant animals, but Guzera beef cattle may be more efficient in forage conversion, which directly influences the economic viability of the production system. We evaluated 32 non-castrated male Guzera beef cattle at 32±2 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and six replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 diets × 2 body biotypes). Initial and final body weights were 459.4±31.2 kg and 566.7±40.8 kg, respectively. There was no change (P > 0.05) in dry matter intake, feed conversion, or daily weight gain when the concentrate in the diet was increased to 80%. Animals fed a diet with 80% of concentrate spent less time (P < 0.05) ruminating (17.8±6.3 vs. 6.3±2.7% of the assessed time). Body biotype did not alter the variables. The rise from 50 to 80% in the proportion of dietary concentrate increased carcass fat, with positive returns in the production process, even given the reduction in rumination, which can lead to poor welfare of animals consuming 80% of dietary concentrate. Body biotype did not affect the variables studied, but it is worth emphasizing that the age at slaughter of these animals probably influenced this result. Thus, selection of the best diet should be based on feeding cost, and in accordance with the cost estimated in this study, the diet with 80% of concentrate is the most suitable for feedlot finished Guzera beef cattle.
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Ritter, Ronald L., Lisa M. Kaufman, Thomas J. Monaco, William P. Novitzky und Donald E. Moreland. „Characterization of Triazine-Resistant Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) and its Control in No-tillage Corn (Zea mays)“. Weed Science 37, Nr. 4 (Juli 1989): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072453.
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Triazine-resistant giant foxtail was identified in 1984 near Delta, PA. In field studies conducted from 1985 to 1987, preemergence applications of atrazine with cyanazine or simazine provided poor (≤60%) season-long control of this annual grass in no-tillage corn. Best season-long preemergence control was obtained with metolachlor or microencapsulated formulations of alachlor or EPTC. Postemergence applications of cyanazine or tridiphane + atrazine + crop oil provided poor giant foxtail control. Postdirected applications of paraquat resulted in fair (≥70%) control of giant foxtail through midseason. In greenhouse studies, triazineresistant (R) giant foxtail tolerated preemergence applications of atrazine or simazine at dosages to 9.0 kg ai/ha. Triazine-sensitive (S) giant foxtail was injured by 2.2 kg/ha and higher rates of atrazine and simazine. In laboratory studies, the I50for inhibition by atrazine of photoinduced electron transport in thylakoids isolated from S and R biotypes was determined to be 0.24 and 205 μM, respectively. The differential sensitivity was paralleled by simazine. However, the limited solubility of simazine prevented determination of an I50value with thylakoids from the R biotype.
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Lepka, Daniela, Tobias Kerrinnes, Evelyn Skiebe, Birgitt Hahn, Angelika Fruth und Gottfried Wilharm. „Adding toYersinia enterocoliticaGene Pool Diversity: Two Cryptic Plasmids from a Biotype 1A Isolate“. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/398434.
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We report the nucleotide sequence of two novel cryptic plasmids (4357 and 14 662 base pairs) carried by aYersinia enterocoliticabiotype 1A strain isolated from pork. As distinguished from most biotype 1A strains, this isolate, designated 07-04449, exhibited adherence to eukaryotic cells. The smaller plasmid pYe4449-1 carries five attributable open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the first CcdA/CcdB-like antitoxin/toxin system described for aYersiniaplasmid, a RepA-like replication initiation protein, and mobilizing factors MobA and MobC. The deduced amino acid sequences showed highest similarity to proteins described inSalmonella(CcdA/B),Klebsiella(RepA), andPlesiomonas(MobA/C) indicating genomic fluidity among members of theEnterobacteriaceae. One additional ORF with unknown function, termed ORF5, was identified with an ancestry distinct from the rest of the plasmid. While the C+G content of ORF5 is 38.3%, the rest of pYe4449-1 shows a C+G content of 55.7%. The C+G content of the larger plasmid pYe4449-2 (54.9%) was similar to that of pYe4449-1 (53.7%) and differed from that of theY. enterocoliticagenome (47.3%). Of the 14 ORFs identified on pYe4449-2, only six ORFs showed significant similarity to database entries. For three of these ORFs likely functions could be ascribed: a TnpR-like resolvase and a phage replication protein, localized each on a low C+G island, and DNA primase TraC. Two ORFs of pYe4449-2, ORF3 and ORF7, seem to encode secretable proteins. Epitope-tagging of ORF3 revealed protein expression at4°Cbut not at or above27°Csuggesting adaptation to a habitat outside swine. The hypothetical protein encoded by ORF7 is the member of a novel repeat protein family sharing theDxxGN(x)nDxxGNmotif. Our findings illustrate the exceptional gene pool diversity within the speciesY. enterocoliticadriven by horizontal gene transfer events.
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Sbatella, Gustavo M., und Robert G. Wilson. „Isoxaflutole Shifts Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Populations in Continuous Corn“. Weed Technology 24, Nr. 3 (September 2010): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-09-00023.1.
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Kochia control in continuous corn became increasingly difficult in experimental plots where isoxaflutole was used PRE for 8 yr. Studies were conducted to determine if poor kochia control resulted from an escape mechanism based on different germination rates or from a difference in sensitivity to isoxaflutole. Germination at constant temperatures showed that the kochia population in the experimental plot had greater seed dormancy compared with populations growing in adjacent fields. Germination at 25 C for seeds collected from the isoxaflutole-treated area was near 20% after 20 d, whereas germination for the other populations was above 80%. The optimal temperatures to release seed dormancy for seeds from the experimental plot were alternating 35/25 C day/night temperatures. The kochia biotype that predominated where isoxaflutole was applied PRE had elevated levels of seed dormancy and required higher alternating temperatures to release dormancy than untreated control kochia. These characteristics were unique and not found in populations never exposed to isoxaflutole. Chlorophyll content was measured to determine if differences in sensitivity to isoxaflutole existed among biotypes. Absorption at 660 nm by photosynthetic pigments was similar among the biotypes at increasing herbicide rates, indicating no differences in sensitivity to isoxaflutole among populations. Reduced kochia control in the experimental plot was due to delayed seed germination, which allowed isoxaflutole to degrade before seeds germinated. The rapid herbicide dissipation from soil can be attributed in part to coarse soils, soil moisture, and the low isoxaflutole rate.
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Ahmed, Bulbul, Jean-Baptiste Floc’h, Zakaria Lahrach und Mohamed Hijri. „Phytate and Microbial Suspension Amendments Increased Soybean Growth and Shifted Microbial Community Structure“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 9 (25.08.2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091803.
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Phytate represents an organic pool of phosphorus in soil that requires hydrolysis by phytase enzymes produced by microorganisms prior to its bioavailability by plants. We tested the ability of a microbial suspension made from an old growth maple forest’s undisturbed soil to mineralize phytate in a greenhouse trial on soybean plants inoculated or non-inoculated with the suspension. MiSeq Amplicon sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS was performed to assess microbial community changes following treatments. Our results showed that soybean nodulation and shoot dry weight biomass increased when phytate was applied to the nutrient-poor substrate mixture. Bacterial and fungal diversities of the root and rhizosphere biotopes were relatively resilient following inoculation by microbial suspension; however, bacterial community structure was significantly influenced. Interestingly, four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were identified as indicator species, including Glomus sp., Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae and an unidentified AMF taxon. We also observed that an ericoid mycorrhizal taxon Sebacina sp. and three Trichoderma spp. were among indicator species. Non-pathogenic Planctobacteria members highly dominated the bacterial community as core and hub taxa for over 80% of all bacterial datasets in root and rhizosphere biotopes. Overall, our study documented that inoculation with a microbial suspension and phytate amendment improved soybean plant growth.
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Chestnykh, O. V., V. I. Grabovsky und D. G. Zamolodchikov. „CARBON IN SOILS IN FOREST REGIONS OF EUROPEAN-URAL PART OF RUSSIA“. FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 1, Nr. 4 (07.04.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-20214113.
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Soil carbon pool in the block of the European-Ural part of Russia was assessed on a topological basis of lands categories adopted in State Forest Inventory (21 biotopes in total). The published data on 675 soil profiles were linked to biotopes and forest regions through coordinates and descriptions of profiles (13). The total carbon stock in the soils in forest regions of the European-Ural part were 19.3*109 t C for a depth of 0–30 cm, 26.6*109 t C for a depth of 0–50 cm, and 34.2*109 t C for a depth of 0–100 cm. Forest area in the European part of Russia for these forest regions is estimated at 181.13*106 ha. Aggregated data are presented both for biotopes of the entire region and for forest regions. We compared the results obtained on top basis of dominant tree species and non-forest lands with the estimates of other authors obtained for various soil types.
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Febvay, G., B. Delobel und Y. Rahbé. „Influence of the amino acid balance on the improvement of an artificial diet for a biotype of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae)“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, Nr. 11 (01.11.1988): 2449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-362.
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A green biotype of the pea aphid, A. pisum, from Lusignan (France), showed very poor performance on the standard Akey and Beck diet. Significant improvement occurred after reduction of the osmotic pressure of the diet and modification of the amino acid component, according to the results of carcass analysis. A further improvement was obtained through an optimalization of the aromatic amino acid level: the tyrosine deficiency induced by its poor solubility was overcome by an excess of phenylalanine and the inclusion of a soluble tyrosine compound, β-alanyltyrosine. A new diet was therefore formulated for this biotype, on which adults were more than twice as heavy as on the standard diet.
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Dennis, P. „Grazing livestock interactions with upland and montane biodiversity“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009789.
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Sheep and cattle interact with arthropods (e.g., insects and spiders) and small vertebrates (e.g., passerine birds and small mammals) directly and indirectly by the removal of vegetation during grazing, the trampling of vegetation and soil, and the deposition of excreta, associated with the redistribution of nutrients. The cold and wet upland and montane biotopes have low productivity, and grazing by free-ranging domestic livestock alters structure more than botanical composition of the vegetation in these biotopes over short periods (one to three years). In contrast to productive lowland or intensified upland pastures, upland and montane biotopes include patches of vegetation with a high proportion of leaf litter associated with plant species that are unpalatable or of poor nutritional value for grazers.
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Boot, R., und M. Bisgaard. „Reclassification of 30 Pasteurellaceae strains isolated from rodents“. Laboratory Animals 29, Nr. 3 (01.07.1995): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367795781088342.
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Thirty Pasteurellaceae strains isolated from gerbil, guineapig, hamster, mouse, muskrat and rat were reinvestigated and reclassified after comparison with reference strains. Strains originally described as Pasteurella pneumotropica were reclassified as [ Pasteurella] pneumotropica Heyl biotype (7), [ P.] pneumotropica Jawetz biotype (1), Pasteurella dagmatis (1) or Taxon 22 (2). Strains previously reported as Actinobacillus sp. were reclassified as [ P.] pneumotropica biotype Jawetz (3), P. dagmatis (3) or Taxon 6 (7). Strains earlier described as Pasteurella gallinarum were renamed as SP group pasteurellas (4) or Taxon 25 (2). Some of these reclassified Pasteurellaceae have not been reported previously in rodents. The present findings underline the importance of extended characterization of isolates and comparison with reference strains to avoid misclassification within the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981.
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Light, G. G., M. Y. Mohammed, P. A. Dotray, J. M. Chandler und R. J. Wright. „Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Confirmed in Texas“. Weed Technology 25, Nr. 3 (September 2011): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00152.1.
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Glyphosate-resistantAmaranthusspecies are a recognized risk to U.S. agriculture. With affected cropland exceeding 1.2 million ha, this epidemic is particularly pertinent to agricultural regions that utilize an intensive glyphosate-based management program to control weedy pests. Before 2006, Texas had no identified glyphosate-resistant populations. Two independent common waterhemp populations exhibiting poor control by glyphosate were identified in Wharton County and Fort Bend County, TX in 2006 and 2008, respectively. The objective of the present research was to characterize the level of glyphosate resistance (50% lethal dose [LD50] and 50% reduction in growth rate [GR50]) in each population. Resistance levels in four putatively glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp biotypes selected from these two populations were compared with confirmed glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible common waterhemp populations under greenhouse conditions. The LD50value for the susceptible population (736 g ae ha−1) was equivalent to the 0.9× labeled rate of glyphosate, whereas the putatively resistant lines exhibited a broad range of resistance with LD50values ranging from 3.5 to 59.7× the labeled rate of glyphosate. The GR50value for the most resistant line was 2.5-fold greater than the susceptible biotype (317 g ae ha−1of glyphosate). These results confirm the first documented case of a glyphosate-resistant weed species in Texas.
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Nazarenko, Nazar Nikolayevich, und Maria Dmitrievna Novgorodova. „Ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument «Chelyabinsk city pine forest» vegetation“. Samara Journal of Science 8, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982107.
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The following paper deals with the ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument Chelyabinsk city pine forest vegetation. The estimation was done by a cluster analysis with Sorensen-Chekanovsky (Bray-Curtis) distance measure and a flexible beta group linkage method - by non-metric multidimensional scaling, phytoindication and general discriminant analysis algorithms. The flora and coenotical structure of Chelyabinsk city pine forest plant communities are characterized by significant anthropogenic transformation. Forest-margin and meadow, ruderal and synanthropic species are insinuating and naturalizing in pine forest communities actively and supplanting typical pine forest species off communities. The studied pine forest flora synanthropic index is 32 percent. 15 plant associations were detected; its flora, dominant and constant species, coenotical structure and biotopes were characterized by principal ecological factors. The biotopes series of ecological factors replacement were identified. Biotopes series are specified by forest stand ecological structure, that determining ecological regime changes from semi-light to semi-shade and from more arid to more damp. Also biotopes form series from wet more variable moistening bad-aerated not-acid and salt enriched soils to acid aerated poor soils with contrast arid moistening. The detected Chelyabinsk city pine forest biotopes are characterized by not so fluctuation of principal ecological factors.
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Patil, Ratnadeep, Ralph van Brakel, Kavita Mahesh, Cornelius de Putter und Marco S. Cune. „An Exploratory Study on Assessment of Gingival Biotype and Crown Dimensions as Predictors for Implant Esthetics Comparing Caucasian and Indian Subjects“. Journal of Oral Implantology 39, Nr. 3 (01.06.2013): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00194.
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Gingival biotype and crown dimensions may be important predictors for the esthetic outcome of surgical procedures. However, the visual distinction between “thick” and “thin” biotype may not be a suitable predictive parameter of surgical outcome. Intraoral photographs of 73 Indian and Dutch subjects were matched with respect to age and gender and were used to determine the gingival biotype (subjective assessment) and crown dimensions (objective assessment). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was determined for subjective measurements (Cohen's kappa), and the error of the method was calculated for the objective measurements (Dahlberg formula). Intraobserver agreement for the subjective assessment of gingival biotype was adequate (κ = 0.49–0.60), but interobserver agreement was poor (κ = 0.10), whereas the error of the method for objective assessment of crown dimensions was small. The mean crown width-length angle is smaller in Dutch as compared to Indian subjects in this sample (P < .05). Crown dimensions may be a more quantitative approach and could become a future norm to predict outcomes of implant restorative and surgical procedures, bearing in mind that cross-cultural differences may be present.
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Kampen, Helge, Cora M. Holicki, Ute Ziegler, Martin H. Groschup, Birke Andrea Tews und Doreen Werner. „West Nile Virus Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany“. Viruses 12, Nr. 5 (28.04.2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050493.
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In 2018, West Nile virus (WNV) broke out for the first time in Germany, with continuation of the epidemic in 2019, involving birds, horses and humans. To identify vectors and characterize the virus, mosquitoes were collected in both years in zoological gardens and on a horse meadow immediately following the diagnosis of disease cases in birds and horses. Mosquitoes were identified and screened for WNV by qRT-PCR, with virus-positive samples being sequenced for the viral envelope protein gene. While no positive mosquitoes were found in 2018, seven mosquito pools tested positive for WNV in 2019 in the Tierpark (Wildlife Park) Berlin. The pools consisted of Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens (n = 5), and a mixture of Cx. p. biotype pipiens and Cx. p. biotype molestus (n = 2), or hybrids of these, and were collected between 13 August and 24 September 2019. The virus strain turned out to be nearly identical to two WNV strains isolated from birds diseased in 2018 in eastern Germany. The findings represent the first demonstration of WNV in mosquitoes in Germany and include the possibility of local overwintering of the virus.
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CIANFICCONI, FERNANDA, CARLA CORALLINI, GIANANDREA LA PORTA und BARBARA TODINI. „Trichopteran fauna in a region of Central Italy: Lazio“. Zoosymposia 5, Nr. 1 (10.06.2011): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.4.
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The first list of Trichoptera from the Lazio region is reported. It is the result of research carried out from 1942-1979 in 23 hypogean cavities and from 1961-2000 in 25 lotic (52 sampling sites) and 17 lentic (24 sampling sites) biotopes. The lotic biotopes include hygropetric habitats, springs, streams, rivers and canals; the lentic biotopes include lakes of different origins and mountain pools. Ninety-one species and 7 subspecies from 18 families were collected. Forty-two species of different ecological categories are found only in lotic biotopes, 18 only in lentic biotopes and 7 species of Stenophylacinae only in hypogean cavities. The species belong to several chorological categories. Eighteen species and 7 subspecies are endemic to the Italian fauna. Six of these are limited to the regions of the Central Apennines, including Apatania volscorum Moretti, Cianficconi & Papagno exclusive to Lazio (Posta Fibreno Lake), Drusus aprutiensis Moretti endemic only to Lazio and Abruzzo, D. camerinus Moretti only to Lazio, Marche and Umbria, Glossosoma serravalle Malicky & Graf to Lazio (Velino River) and to Umbria and Marche (Nera River), Potamophylax cingulatus inermis Moretti & Cianficconi to Lazio, Abruzzo, Umbria and Marche, Allogamus antennatus ausoniae Moretti to Lazio, Abruzzo, Molise, Umbria and Marche. The presence of Chimarra marginata (L.) in the Mignone River is noteworthy because it is a rare species in Italy.
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Csanády, Alexander, Jozef Oboňa und Silvia Duranková. „Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) in rain pools in the Carpathian Mountains (Slovakia)“. Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 69, Nr. 2 (01.07.2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2020-0012.
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Abstract Rain pools (pluviotelmata or puddles) are common, small and non-permanent aquatic ecosystems. Data on the use of rain pools by amphibian taxa in the Carpathian Mountains, especially in Slovakia, are rare. In this study we describe the occurrence of Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), which may use these small aquatic ecosystems as part of their complex life cycle or where they spend their larval period. The most important hydroperiodic factors affecting the vertebrate fauna were the volume and area of the rain pools, the presence (respectively the absence) of shade, water temperature, biotope structure and the presence of several chemical compounds (NO− 3, GH, KH, pH). This study confirms that micro-habitats, such as rain pools, may play an important role for suitable reproduction sites of B. variegata, as stated by several authors from the different countries and regions of its large distributional range. At the same time, data on the presence or absence of different taxa with important conservation status in the monitored habitat aid in the detection of species.
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Farkhshatova, Rushana, Larisa Gerasimova und Irina Usmanova. „CLINICAL AND X-RAY FEATURES OF PERIODONTIC TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH GINGIVAL RECESSION“. Actual problems in dentistry 16, Nr. 1 (14.05.2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-1-81-86.
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Subject. Gingival recession refers to a form of periodontal disease, which is characterized by a decrease in the free gum without signs of chronic inflammation in the apical direction of the gum and periodontal tissues.
The goal is to determine the clinical and radiological features of periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession.
Methodology. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted according to a specially developed algorithm of 47 patients aged 20 to 45 years old with a diagnosis of gum recession, which included the collection of anamnestic data, special questionnaires, clinical, radiological and ultrasound examinations of periodontal tissues.
Results. According to clinical and radiological data, the diagnosis of gum recession was confirmed in all patients: in 31 (62 %) ― Miller's class I gum recession, in 11 (25 %) ― II, in 5 (11 %) ― III and in 1 (2 %) ― IV. The dependence of the gum recession on the quality of oral hygiene was determined: with satisfactory oral hygiene (OHI-S <2.6), the depth of the gum recession was 1-1.5 mm, with poor (OHI-S> 2.6) ― more than 1,5 mm. In 14 (42.8 %) patients, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis was established, in 57.2 % of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Of the total number of patients, a thin biotype was determined in 30 (63.8 %) patients, and a thick biotype was identified in 17 (36.2 %). A combination of a thin biotype with a small vestibule of the oral cavity, the presence of anomalies of the frenum and strands of the mucous membrane in 23.4 % was revealed.
Conclusions. Miller class I gingival recessions have the highest frequency of occurrence (62 %). The ultrasonic research method allowed non-invasive determination of the gingival biotype and gum thickness. A thin biotype of the gum was diagnosed in 63.8 % of patients, which must be taken into account when planning surgical treatment.
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Cox, Simon C., und Andrew H. Allibone. „Petrogenesis of orthogneisses in the Dry Valleys region, South Victoria Land“. Antarctic Science 3, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1991): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102091000500.
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Granitoid gneisses intercalated with Koettlitz Group metasediments in the upper Ferrar, Taylor and Wright valleys of South Victoria Land comprise various hornblende+biotite orthogneisses and biotite orthogneisses, including the km-scale Dun and Calkin plutons. K-feldspar megacryst inclusion textures and discordant cross-cutting relationships with enclosing metasediments are interpreted as firm evidence of an intrusive origin for hornblende+biotite and biotite orthogneiss. The scale of several concordant orthogneiss bodies (including the Dun and Calkin plutons), the presence of mafic enclaves, and relict flow differentiation in hornblende+biotite orthogneiss are also compatible with a plutonic origin. Orthogneisses were emplaced prior to deformation that produced macroscopic upright, tight, folds about NW-trending axes. Petrography and geochemistry indicate I-type affinities for hornblende+biotite orthogneisses and the Dun Pluton. Hornblende+biotite and biotite orthogneisses (with the exception of the Dun Pluton) are part of a single petrogenetic suite, together with younger Bonney, Valhalla, and Hedley plutons. Emplacement of a continuum of I-type intrusives is envisaged which spanned Koettlitz Group deformation, and possibly caused much of the deformation. Hornblende+biotite and biotite orthogneisses are deformed precursors to the younger Bonney, Valhalla, and Hedley plutons. The Dun Pluton contains Fe-rich salitic clinopyroxene relicts and exhibits a unique geochemistry. It is rich in Sr, Al2O3, Na2O, and poor in FeO, K2O, Rb, Y, V. Chemical and petrographic features indicate an evolved body, possibly derived from a primitive source distinct from other orthogneisses and granitoids.
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Fregola, R. A., G. Capitani, E. Scandale und L. Ottolini. „Chemical control of 3T stacking order in a Li-poor biotite mica“. American Mineralogist 94, Nr. 2-3 (01.02.2009): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3004.
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Khan, Mumtaz, Paul B. Cavers, Marguerite Kane und Ken Thompson. „Role of the pigmented seed coat of proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.) in imbibition, germination and seed persistence“. Seed Science Research 7, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500003329.
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AbstractProso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.) is both a crop and a weed in many parts of the world. The weedy biotypes exhibit a wide range of seed colours, but the strains with the most persistent seeds are distinguished by darker seeds. This paper compares the seed biology of a range of biotypes from Canada and demonstrates that darker seeds have heavier seed coats, imbibe and germinate more slowly, and suffer less imbibition damage (measured as electrolyte leakage). It is concluded that all these attributes contribute to the increased persistence in the soil of the dark-seeded weedy biotypes. Imbibition damage is widely implicated in poor emergence and low vigour of crop seeds, but has not previously been considered in the context of weed seed persistence.
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Komulaynen, Sergey. „Structure and Dynamics of Algal Communities in Small River of the Republic of Karelia (Rusia)“. Botanica 24, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2018-0006.
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AbstractDistribution of phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton and microphytobenthos communities was simultaneously studied in the River Lihzma (Republic of Karelia, Russia). Comparison includes both taxonomic and quantitative parameters along river continuum. Special attention was given to the analysis of causes of spatial inhomogeneity of algal communities. In the studied river, the pattern and trends of dynamics in the community were dependent on high current velocities and the alternation of lake, pool, and riffle zones. Algae are constantly removed from bottom biotopes, attached forms are detached from their substrate and are transported by the stream, and planktonic forms settle down, disturbing the distinctive characteristics of communities and resulting in the formation of “mixed” communities.
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Montemagni, Chiara, Chiara Montomoli, Salvatore Iaccarino, Rodolfo Carosi, Arvind K. Jain, Hans-J. Massonne und Igor M. Villa. „Dating protracted fault activities: microstructures, microchemistry and geochronology of the Vaikrita Thrust, Main Central Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, NW India“. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 481, Nr. 1 (17.04.2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp481.3.
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AbstractThe timing of shearing along the Vaikrita Thrust, the upper structural boundary of the Main Central Thrust Zone in the Garhwal Himalaya, was constrained by combined microstructural, microchemical and geochronological investigations. Three different biotite–muscovite growth and recrystallization episodes were observed: a relict mica-1; mica-2 along the main mylonitic foliation; and mica-3 in coronitic structures around garnet during its breakdown. Electron microprobe analyses of biotite showed chloritization and a bimodal composition of biotite-2 in one sample. Muscovite-2 and muscovite-3 differed in composition from each other. Biotite and muscovite 39Ar–40Ar age spectra from all samples showed both inter- and intra-sample discrepancies. Biotite step-ages ranged between 8.6 and 16 Ma and muscovite step-ages between 3.6 and 7.8 Ma. These ages cannot be interpreted as ‘cooling ages’ because samples from the same outcrop cooled simultaneously. Instead, the Ar systematics reflect sample-specific recrystallization markers. Intergrown impurities were diagnosed by the Ca/K ratios. The age data of biotite were interpreted as a mixture of true biotite-2 (9.00 ± 0.10 Ma) and two alteration products. The negative Cl/K–age correlation identified a Cl-poor muscovite-2 (>7 Ma) and a Cl-rich, post-deformational, coronitic muscovite-3 grown at ≤5.88 ± 0.03 Ma. The Vaikrita Thrust was active at least from 9 to 6 Ma at c. 600°C; its movement had ended by 6 Ma.Supplementary material: Thermometric and 39Ar–40Ar data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4069076
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Sanjuán, Eva, und Carmen Amaro. „Protocol for Specific Isolation of Virulent Strains of Vibrio vulnificus Serovar E (Biotype 2) from Environmental Samples“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2004): 7024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7024-7032.2004.
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ABSTRACT The eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 comprises at least three serovars, with serovar E being the only one involved in both epizootics of eel vibriosis and sporadic cases of human infections. The virulent strains of this serovar (VSE) have only been recovered from clinical (mainly eel tissue) sources. The main objective of this work was to design and validate a new protocol for VSE-specific isolation from environmental samples. The key element of the new protocol is the broth used for the first step (saline eel serum broth [SEB]), which contains eel serum as a nutritive and selective component. This approach takes advantage of the ability of VSE cells to grow in eel serum and thus to separate themselves from the pool of competitors. The growth yield in SEB after 8 h of incubation was 1,000 times higher for VSE strains than for their putative competitors (including biotype 1 strains of the species). The selective and differential agar Vibrio vulnificus medium (VVM) was selected from five selective media for the second step because it gave the highest plating efficiency not only for the VSE group but also for other V. vulnificus groups, including biotype 3. The entire protocol was validated by field studies, with alkaline peptone water plus VVM as a control. V. vulnificus was isolated by both protocols, but serovar E was only recovered by the new method described here. All selected serovar E isolates were identified as VSE since they were virulent for both eels and iron-overloaded mice and resisted the bactericidal action of eel and iron-overloaded human sera. In conclusion, this new protocol is a suitable method for the isolation of VSE strains from environmental samples and is recommended for epidemiological studies of the pathogenic serovar E.
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Thompson, R. N., D. Velde, P. T. Leat, M. A. Morrison, J. G. Mitchell, A. P. Dickin und S. A. Gibson. „Oligocene lamproite containing an Al-poor, Ti-rich biotite, Middle Park, northwest Colorado, USA“. Mineralogical Magazine 61, Nr. 407 (August 1997): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.407.08.
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AbstractA small 33 ± 0.8 Ma lamproite pluton is exposed in the midst of a 23–26 Ma basalt-rhyolite province in Middle Park, NW Colorado. It contains abundant phlogopite phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass of analcime pseudomorphs after leucite, biotite, potassic richterite, apatite, ilmenite and accessory diopside. The phlogopite phenocryst cores contain ∼4 wt.% TiO2, 1% Cr2O3 and 0.2% BaO. The smallest groundmass biotites have normal pleochroism but compositions unlike any previously reported, with ∼2% Al2O3, ∼8% TiO2 and F <1.5%. Apart from those elements affected by leucite alteration, both the elemental and isotopic composition of this lamproite are close to those of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Its Nd-isotopic model age (TDM = 1.6 Ga) is outside the Leucite Hills range but within that of other Tertiary strongly potassic magmatism in the region underlain by the Wyoming craton. Evidence from both teleseismic tomography and the mantle xenoliths within other western USA mafic ultrapotassic igneous suites shows that the total lithospheric thickness beneath NW Colorado was probably ∼150–200 km at 33 Ma, when the Middle Park lamproite was emplaced. This is an important constraint on tectonomagmatic models for the Cenozoic evolution of this northernmost part of the Rio Grande rift system.
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Peneva, T. I., und O. A. Lyapunova. „Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin as markers of genotypes in the analysis of the durum wheat landrace Kubanka“. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, Nr. 4 (27.01.2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-127-135.
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Background. The collection of durum wheat landraces (Triticum durum Desf.) at VIR contains unique material of the “Russian northern branch”, which is not found in any other collections worldwide. Studying the genetic diversity of such wheat accessions according to their gliadin bands as markers of genotypes is important for identification and conservation of their gene pool authenticity.Materials and methods. For the first time, molecular markers were used to differentiate among 38 accessions of the local durum wheat variety known under the name of “Kubanka”, collected and placed into the VIR collection in the 1910–1940s, and five accessions from the seed genebanks of the USA and Canada. Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin were used as markers of genotypes within the polymorphic cultivar. Recording bands in the form of “protein formulas” allows the researcher to evaluate the polymorphism of each accession and the diversity within the collection. Gliadin analysis was performed on single grains according to the standard method adopted at VIR and approved by ISTA.Results and conclusions. Fourteen major biotypes marked with gliadin bands were identified. Depending on the component composition of the α-zone encoded by alleles of the GLI-2A locus, biotypes were combined into 4 groups. Within the groups, biotypes are determined by alleles of the GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI2B loci. Genetically close monotypic accessions and polytypic ones incorporating 2 to 6 biotypes were identified. Group I is typical for the European part of Russia as well as for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Accessions of this group can be attributed to the Volga steppe ecotype. Group II biotypes are widespread in Altai Territory, Orenburg and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia; Group III in Stavropol Territory, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan; Group IV only in Altai Territory. The greatest genetic diversity was exhibited by the ‘Kubanka’ accessions from Altai and Krasnodar Territories, and Kyrgyzstan.
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Aisien, Martins S. O., Omoyemwen Edo-Taiwo und Abigail A. Imasuen. „Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review“. Diversity 13, Nr. 6 (21.05.2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060223.
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This paper is a survey of the parasite diversity, prevalence and infection intensity in anurans in diverse ecological settings in West Africa. The settings included natural habitats (rainforests, freshwater creeks, Guinea and Sudan savannas), monoculture plantations (cocoa, cotton and oil palm), urbanized and urbanizing rainforest biotopes and polluted environments due to oil industry activities. The natural habitats had higher amphibian species diversity, moderate parasite prevalence and low infection intensity, showing a balance in the host/parasite relationship. These habitats yielded most of the monogeneans, among which were new species. The freshwater creek biotope had low amphibian diversity, but hosts from this environment harbored several parasite taxa, a situation attributed to a prolonged wet season, high environmental humidity and persistent breeding pools for insect vectors in this area. The monoculture plantations were characterized by high parasite prevalence but lower infection intensity. For example, in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Bénin Republic, the Agricultural Zone (AZ) had higher parasite prevalence values, while the National Park (NP) and Buffer Zone (BZ) had higher infection intensities. Higher prevalence was attributed to the single or combined effects of vector population explosion, immune-suppression by agrochemicals, nutrient enrichment and eutrophication from fertilizer use. The lower infection intensity was attributed to the inhibitory effect of the pesticide-contaminated environment on the free-living larval stages of parasites. The adverse effect of pesticide contamination was also evident in the lower infection intensity recorded in the anurans from the cocoa plantations at Ugboke in comparison to those from the pesticide-free village settlement. Urbanization reduced host diversity and numbers and increased the vector population, resulting in unusually high parasite prevalence and infection intensities at Diobu and Port Harcourt and high prevalence recorded for Ophidascaris larvae in the anurans of Evbuabogun. Oil pollution in the mangrove community reduced both host and parasite diversity; infection intensity was also low due to the adverse conditions confronting free-living stages of parasites in their development milieu. The high prevalence values obtained for monogeneans (Polystoma spp.) in Ptychadena spp. from Ogoniland was presumed to have resulted from host tadpole sequestration and exposure to high oncomiracidia burden in the few hospitable ponds. Also reviewed is the phenomenon of amphibian paratenism, a strategy on which many helminth parasites rely on for their trophic transmission to their definitive hosts.
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Francischini, A. C., J. Constantin, R. S. Oliveira JR., G. Santos, G. B. P. Braz und H. A. Dan. „First report of Amaranthus viridis resistance to herbicides“. Planta Daninha 32, Nr. 3 (September 2014): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000300013.
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Due to the limited number of herbicides registered for the control of dicot weeds in cotton crops, ALS inhibitors have been used on an intensive and recurrent basis. Given that, cases of poor weed control have been described after application of these herbicides in the main cotton producing areas in Brazil, the purpose of the present work was to evaluate the occurrence of resistance to ALS herbicides in Amaranthus viridis biotypes from those areas. Dose-response curves were prepared after pre-emergence applications of trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0; 1.8; 3.7; 7.5; 15 and 30 g ha-1) and pyrithiobac-sodium (0; 35; 70; 140; 280 and 560 g ha-1), equivalent to 0, ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommended commercial rates. The selection of trifloxysulfuron-sodium resistant biotypes of A. viridis was confirmed in samples from Bahia (BA 7, BA 8, BA 9 and BA 11). However, no resistance to pyrithiobac-sodium was found for biotypes either from Bahia or from Mato Grosso do Sul.
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Davis, Jeamelia, Arnold L. Smith, William R. Hughes und Miriam Golomb. „Evolution of an Autotransporter: Domain Shuffling and Lateral Transfer from Pathogenic Haemophilus toNeisseria“. Journal of Bacteriology 183, Nr. 15 (01.08.2001): 4626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.15.000-000.2001.
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ABSTRACT The genomes of pathogenic Haemophilus influenzaestrains are larger than that of Rd KW20 (Rd), the nonpathogenic laboratory strain whose genome has been sequenced. To identify potential virulence genes, we examined genes possessed by Int1, an invasive nonencapsulated isolate from a meningitis patient, but absent from Rd. Int1 was found to have a novel gene termed lav, predicted to encode a member of the AIDA-I/VirG/PerT family of virulence-associated autotransporters (ATs). Associated withlav are multiple repeats of the tetranucleotide GCAA, implicated in translational phase variation of surface molecules. Laterally acquired by H. influenzae, lav is restricted in distribution to a few pathogenic strains, including H. influenzae biotype aegyptius and Brazilian purpuric fever isolates. The DNA sequence of lav is surprisingly similar to that of a gene previously described for Neisseria meningitidis. Sequence comparisons suggest that lavwas transferred relatively recently from Haemophilus toNeisseria, shortly before the divergence of N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Segments oflav predicted to encode passenger and β-domains differ sharply in G+C base content, supporting the idea that AT genes have evolved by fusing domains which originated in different genomes. Homology and base sequence comparisons suggest that a novel biotype aegyptius AT arose by swapping an unrelated sequence for the passenger domain of lav. The unusually mobile lav locus joins a growing list of genes transferred from H. influenzae to Neisseria. Frequent gene exchange suggests a common pool of hypervariable contingency genes and may help to explain the origin of invasiveness in certain respiratory pathogens.
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Bocko, Yannick Enock, Suspense Averti Ifo und Jean Joël Loumeto. „Quantification Des Stocks De Carbone De Trois Pools Clés De Carbone En Afrique Centrale : Cas De La Forêt Marécageuse De La Likouala (Nord Congo)“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, Nr. 5 (28.02.2017): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p438.
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The data of carbon stock of central African swamps forests are very few. This study carried out an assessment of the carbon stock of living biomass and coarse woody debris of three biotopes (flooded forest, seasonal flooded forest, and terra firm forest) of Likouala swamp forest (North of Congo). The average of the carbon stock are 190.72±98.7 tC/ha, 39.69±21.24 tC/ha, and 9.45±6.6 tC/ha respectively for above ground, billow ground, and coarse woody debris. The carbon stock of our swamp forest tends to increase generally from the flooded forest to the terra firm forest. In addition, the average of the coarse woody debris carbon stock increases with the increasing of the above ground carbon stock.
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Friend, C. R. L., M. Brown, W. T. Perkins und A. D. M. Burwell. „The geology of the Qôrqut granite complex north of Qôrqut, Godthåbsfjord, southern West Greenland“. Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 151 (01.01.1985): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v151.6693.
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The late Archaean (c. 2550 Ma) Qôrqut granite complex post-dates the major part of the geological evolution of the Godthåbsfjord region of southern West Greenland. The complex is composed of a variety of granites intruded as a multitude of individual sheets. The granites are divided into three groups according to their age relations and overall characteristics: leucocratic granites, grey biotite granites, and composite granites. Moreover, the complex can be divided into three zones: upper, intermediate and lower. These zones have different proportions of the three granite groups and included country rocks. Textures and structures typical of partial melting are found in highly modified gneiss enclaves contained in the leucocratic granites of the lower zone. All stages of the transition from gneiss to granite are present. Field evidence suggests that much of the biotite contained in the granites may be derived from the parent gneiss. Petrographic and mineral data are presented to support this contention. In some parts of the complex in the area studied extensive mineral and lithological layering is present. This most commonly occurs in the leucocratic granites and consists of biotite-rich versus biotite-poor granite. Otherwise seams and thin layers of biotite are found which, in part, may be derived from the partially melted enclaves. Lithological layering may also be produced by intrusive effects of thin sheets of granite of slightly different characteristics. Using mesonormative components the granites approximate to minimum melts in the granite system and appear to have crystallised under conditions where PTotal was less than 5 kbar. The melting zone for the leucocratic granites was not far below the present level of exposure. The grey biotite granites were probably derived from slightly deeper levels. The tectonic regime under which the Archaean crust was partially melted allowed small, discrete batches of magma rapid access to higher levels of the crust. Once at this higher level, emplacement was constrained to a sheet form. The complex was thus built up by successive intrusions of small batches of magma.
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Conway, Kevin W., Mariana Mateos und Robert C. Vrijenhoek. „A new species of the live-bearing fish genus Poeciliopsis from northern Mexico (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae)“. ZooKeys 883 (28.10.2019): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37586.
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Poeciliopsis jackschultzisp. nov., is described based on seven specimens (17.9–26.7 mm SL) from the Río Concepción (also known as Río Magdalena), Sonora, Mexico. The new species belongs to the Leptorhaphis species group and can be distinguished from other members of this group by features of the skeleton and colouration. The new species is sympatric with P. occidentalis, a hybridogenetic all-female biotype P. monacha-occidentalis, and hybrids between P. monacha-occidentalis females and P. jackschultzi males. The distribution of P. jackschultzi is highly restricted, and the main habitat, spring-fed marshy streams and pools, is susceptible to loss and degradation in a desert environment with increasing human water demand.
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Ellis, D. J., und M. Obata. „Migmatite and melt segregation at Cooma, New South Wales“. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, Nr. 1-2 (1992): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007781.
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ABSTRACTThe Cooma Complex of southeastern New South Wales comprises an andalusite-bearing S-type granodiorite surrounded by migmatites and low-pressure metamorphosed pelitic and psammitic sediments. The migmatite formed by the melting reaction:Biotite + Andalusite + K-feldspar + Quartz + V = Cordierite + Liquidat about 350–400 MPa , 670-730°C.The melanosome consists of biotite + cordierite + andalusite + K-feldspar + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite, whereas the leucosome consists of cordierite + K-feldspar + quartz with extremely rare biotite and plagioclase. In a closed system, freezing of the leucosome melt patches should have resulted in cordierite back-reaction with melt to produce biotite and andalusite. The virtually anhydrous mineralogy of the leucosome patches, lack of cordierite reaction and the absence of biotite selvedges at the leucosome-melanosome contacts, indicates that the melt did not completely solidify in situ. These observations can be explained by an initial peritectic melting reaction in the migmatite being arrested from back-reaction upon cooling because of the removal of hydrous melt, enabling leucosome cordierite to escape back-reaction. We propose that the melanosome is the residue of partial melting but that the leucosome patches do not represent frozen melt segregations but rather the liquidus minerals (cumulates) which precipitated from the melt.In the restite-rich granodiorite from the core of the Cooma Complex, cordierite of similar composition to that in the migmatite has reaction rims of biotite and andalusite and there are coexisting biotite and andalusite in the matrix. The granodiorite consisted of about 50 wt% melt together with resite biotite, quartz and plagioclase, which can possibly be identified in the surrounding migmatite. Previous work suggested that the Cooma Granodiorite can be derived from a mixture of the surrounding metasediments which are of similar composition in the high and low-grade areas surrounding the granodiorite. Re-examinatibn of those data shows that the high-grade metasediments are more An-rich than the low-grade rocks. The Cooma Granodiorite is very similar to the high-grade rocks in terms of Or-Ab-An ratio. This suggests derivation of the Cooma Granodiorite from the high-grade rocks and not from the relatively An-poor low-grade rocks which are typical of exposed sediments in the Lachlan Fold Belt. It is most likely that the granodiorite and envelope of high-grade rocks have been emplaced into the compositionally different lower grade rocks from slightly greater depths.
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Win, Maw Maw, M. Enami, T. Kato und Ye Kyaw Thu. „A mechanism for Nb incorporation in rutile and application of Zr-in-rutile thermometry: A case study from granulite facies paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar“. Mineralogical Magazine 81, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2017): 1503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.014.
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AbstractRutile grains occur extensively in host phases of biotite and quartz-feldspar aggregate in high-temperature paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar. They occur as an isolated phase and sometimes show intergrowth texture with ilmenite. Most rutile grains contain up to 3.7 wt.% Nb2O5, which shows positive correlations with Fe and trivalent elements. Niobium substitutes for Ti by a coupled substitution with the trivalent cations (M3+) of Nb5+M3+Ti4+-2. Fine-grained rutile grains included in ilmenite are distinctly poor in Nb (<0.1 wt.% as Nb2O5) and contain Fe of 1.7–3.2 wt.% as Fe2O3, suggesting vacancybearing substitution of Fe3+4 Ti4+-3□–1, where □ indicates a vacancy. The rutile grains in the felsic phases contain high Zr contents of up to 4200 ppm, suggesting equilibrium temperatures over 800°C using the Ti-in-rutile geothermometer. These high-temperature conditions are consistent with those estimated by conventional methods reported in the literature and suggest widespread occurrences of the upperamphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt. In contrast, the Zr contents of rutile grains in biotite are usually <1000 ppm, implying equilibrium temperatures lower than 750°C. Most of the rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been included in biotite and were isolated from the zircon-bearing system during an early stage of prograde metamorphism. Some other rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been an exsolved phase from Ti-rich biotite during retrograde metamorphism, which was furthered by the infiltration of metamorphic fluid under lower-amphibolite facies conditions.
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Douce, Alberto E. Patiño. „Effects of pressure and H2O content on the compositions of primary crustal melts“. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, Nr. 1-2 (1996): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330000643x.
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ABSTRACT:Melting experiments with and without added H2O on a model metagreywacke and a natural metapelite demonstrate how pressure and H2O content control the compositions of melts and residual assemblages. Several effects are observed under isothermal conditions. Firstly, the stability field of biotite shrinks with decreasing pressure and with increasing H2O content, whereas that of plagioclase shrinks with increasing pressure and H2O content. Secondly, the ferromagnesian content of melts at the source (i.e. coexisting with their residual assemblages) decreases with decreasing H2O activity. Thirdly, with increasing pressure the Ca/Mg and Ca/Fe ratios of melts decrease relative to those of coexisting garnet. As a consequence, a wide spectrum of melts and crystalline residues can be generated from the same source material. For example, H2O-starved dehydration melting of metagreywacke at low pressure (≤10 kbar) generates K-rich (granitic) melts that coexist with pyroxene- and plagioclase-rich residues, whereas melting of the same material at high pressure (≍15 kbar) and with minor H2O infiltration can generate leucocratic Na-rich and Ca-poor (trondhjemitic) melts that coexist with biotite- and garnet-rich residues. An increased H2O content stabilises orthopyroxene at the expense of garnet + biotite + plagioclase, causing melts to shift towards granodioritic or perhaps tonalitic compositions.
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Nabelek, Peter I. „Petrogenesis of leucogranites in collisional orogens“. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 491, Nr. 1 (03.05.2019): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp491-2018-181.
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AbstractLeucogranites are a characteristic feature of collisional orogens. Their generation is intimately related to crustal thickening and the active deformation and metamorphism of metapelites. Data from Proterozoic to present day orogenic belts show that collisional leucogranites (CLGs) are peraluminous, with muscovite, biotite and tourmaline as characteristic minerals. Isotopic ratios uniquely identify the metapelitic sequences in which CLGs occur as sources. Organic material in pelitic sources results in fO2 in CLGs that is usually below the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer. Most CLGs form under vapour-poor conditions with melting involving a peritectic breakdown of muscovite. The low concentrations of Mg, Fe and Ti that characterize CLGs are largely related to biotite–melt equilibria in the source rocks. Concentrations of Zr, Th and rare earth elements are lower than expected from zircon and monazite saturation models because these minerals often remain enclosed in residual biotite during melting. Melting involving muscovite may limit the temperatures achieved in the source regions. A lack of nearby mantle heat sources in thick collisional orogens has led to thermal models for the generation of CLGs that involve flux melting, or large amounts of radiogenic heat generation, or decompression melting or shear heating, the last one emphasizing the link of leucogranites and their sources to crustal-scale shear zone systems.
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Peng, Hua Ming, Fu Sheng Guo, Fei Xia und Wan Wan Zhang. „Geological Characteristics of Ag-Pb Deposit in A He Lan, XinJiang“. Advanced Materials Research 662 (Februar 2013): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.477.
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The Ag-Pb Deposit in A He Lan was located in the eastern of the East Kunlun with complex structure, strong magma activity and rich mineral resource. The silver lead-zinc bodies were hosted in Yanshanian biotite adamellite (Jηγ) and blackmica granite diorite (Jγδ) and controlled by the fracture zone. The orebodies produced in vein and lenticular with a length of 200m-820m, the average thickness of 0.42m-6.77m. The ore minerals were mainly galena and limonite and the gangue minerals were quartz, feldspar and biotite. The ore textures mainly contained xenomorphic granular, metasomatie-relict, entrapped, interspersed and cataclastic etc. And the major structures were crumb(granular), veinlet and block in the ore area. The ores were the zinc-lead-silver type rich in lead-silver and poor in zinc. The surrounding rocks were biotitemonzogranite (Jηγ) and the stones were the biotitemonzogranite cataclasite and breccia.
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Simoons-Smit, A. M., A. M. J. J. Verweij-van Vught, I. Y. R. Kanis und D. M. Maclaren. „Biochemical and serological investigations on clinical isolates of klebsiella“. Journal of Hygiene 95, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1985): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400062690.
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SUMMARYA series of 925 clinical isolates of klebsiella was examined by serological and biochemical typing. To perform serological typing (capsular swelling) 77 capsular antisera were prepared, tested against the type strains and grouped in 13 pools. With this serotyping method 80% of the cultures were typable and 63 distinct types could be recognized.All strains were typable biochemically by means of the numerical coding system of the API-20E system supplemented by digits derived from 15 additional conventional biochemical tests. With the API-20E system 24 different biotypes could be distinguished whereas the combination of API-20E and the 15 additional tests produced 93 biotypes. Maximum discrimination of strains was achieved by the combination of serological and biochemical typing (256 bioserotypes). The reproducibility, typability and discriminating power of the biotyping system was not inferior to serotyping. For epidemiological purposes biotyping can replace serotyping ofKlebsiellaspecies, especially in laboratories less well equipped.
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Visser, D., P. H. M. Thijssen und J. C. Schumacher. „Högbomite in sapphirine-bearing rocks from the Bamble Sector, south Norway“. Mineralogical Magazine 56, Nr. 384 (September 1992): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1992.056.384.06.
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AbstractHögbomite is reported from two upper-amphibolite and granulite-facies, sapphirine-bearing, Al–Mg–Fe-rich and silica-poor lens-shaped layers within the Bamble Sector, south Norway. Primary assemblages, indicating peak metamorphic conditions of 773-844°C at 7 kbar (Mg–Fe exchange thermometry), are spinel–sapphirine–biotite–gedrite, spinel–corundum–sapphirine–cordierite and orthopyroxene–biotite–cordierite–plagioclase. Högbomite formed by hydrous alteration and oxidation of primary spinel and rutile and/or ilmenite according to the generalised reaction:Suggested conditions of högbomite formation are 550–620°C and 6–7 kbar. The högbomites contain 10.2–14.7 wt.% MgO, 04).3 wt.% ZnO, 58.9–62.1 wt.% Al2O3 and 15.6-17.6 wt.% Fe as FeO. The two högbomite may belong to different polytypes, as suggested by their differing TiO2 (9.9-10.1 versus 5.7–5.8 wt. %) and calculated Fe3+ – and H2O–contents. The partitioning of Zn between spinel and högbomite is not uniform and is considered to depend upon prevailing fo2 and aH2O.
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MEY, WOLFRAM. „A case study on the Trichoptera fauna of springs in the escarpment mountains of southern Africa (Insecta, Trichoptera)“. Zoosymposia 10, Nr. 1 (09.08.2016): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.28.
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The Trichoptera assemblages of three springs in the escarpment and on the Waterberg of Namibia, and of two springs in the Great Escarpment of South Africa were collected at irregular intervals. The species composition of each spring is presented and discussed in terms of permanence and stability of spring areas. The study has revealed a poor fauna in the Namibian escarpment, which consists of widespread species whereas the springs on the Waterberg and in the Great Escarpment are more speciose and contain relict and possible endemic species as well as widespread and euryoecious species. The differences are due to different degrees of isolation and distance from other freshwater ecosystems and suitable aquatic biotopes in the arid and semiarid environment of southwestern Africa.
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Rubin, Sally Jo. „Klebsiella Marker Systems“. Infection Control 6, Nr. 2 (Februar 1985): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062615.
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AbstractKlebsiella marker systems include determination of susceptibility patterns, serotype, bacteriocin susceptibility, bacteriophage susceptibility, biotype, and plasmid content, size and endonuclease fragment size. Susceptibility patterns are useful only if unusual patterns (ie, aminoglycoside resistance) occur. Serotypes are stable, reproducible markers. Over 90% of isolates can be serotyped and epidemiologically unrelated strains are widely distributed among the 72 standard types. Antisera are not available commercially except to types 1 to 6 and serotyping is expensive and time-consuming. Bacteriocin susceptibility typing is easier and cheaper but reproducibility is sometimes poor. Depending on the producer strains used, between 67% and 96% of strains are typable. As a single typing method, bacteriophage typing is not very sensitive. Only 70% of strains are typable and 20% are of a single type. There are two major problems with most biotyping systems: poor reproducibility and poor sensitivity. A high percent of strains is the same type. Plasmid analysis is technically the most complicated but is important if strains are aminoglycoside resistant. No one method is ideal, and characterization of isolates from an outbreak is best done by using several different marker systems.