Dissertationen zum Thema „Biotechnologies de santé“
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Cincotti, Alessandra. „Vers un droit européen des biotechnologies ?“ Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of biotechnologies applied to health has inevitably be followed by a large debate regarding the legal protection that should be granted. This thesis addresses the legal protection of biotechnological inventions in the health sector under industrial property law and, in particular, from the legal perspective of Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. The main assumption of this thesis is the emergence of a European biotechnology law, an original area of law, slippery, changing and very labile, like the living. Similarly, the concept of “biotechnology” is itself slippery and evolving. This thesis provides a reflection on the place of patent law with respect to biotechnologies. It focuses on the adequacy of Directive 98/44/CE with regard to the legal protection of new biotechnological inventions applied to health, which includes CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The study focuses on European patent law and the national laws of some of the Member States (primarily, French law and Italian law, taking into account the legal background of the author). In addition, relevant comparisons with United States patent law have been conducted. Indeed, the United States are a leading market for biotechnology companies
Audouze, Aurélien. „Le brevet à l'épreuve de l'accès aux soins : biotechnologies de santé : pays du Sud“. Toulouse 1, 2008. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/678/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResorting to biotechnologies (or living sciences) is part of a tradition of study and use of the living, which has left its imprint on the development of sciences in the West. Though seldom studied, the biotechnological fact is a legitimate object of investigation for political science, in a perspective that must be defined. The development of biotechnological seems to give rise to a conflict between two contradictory imperatives. On the one hand, it is necessary to preserve the innovation potential that the industrial use of the living can represent, which involves reinforcing and extending patent rights. On the other hand, and in order to satisfy a strong, pervading liberation movement for the access to knowledge, it is necessary to ensure the global spread of biotechnology benefits especially towards developing countries where living sciences can mean sanitary hope and therapeutic improvement
Hebiz, Chams Eddoha. „Capacité d'absorption des connaissances et apprentissage organisationnel : "application à cinq entreprises du secteur de biotechnologies de santé"“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at understanding which mechanisms of external knowledge absorption of organizations that is likely to contribute to the development of internal innovations. And concerning the thesis problem, the objective is to consider deeply three main questions :Q1: How do the organizations absorb external knowledge ?Q2: What are the organizational conditions that affect the absorptive capacity of knowledge by companies?Q3: What is the relation that exists between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate"?In order to answer these three main questions, a literature synthesis has been conducted. This synthesis implements in particular the emphasis on the work having as problematic the relationship that may exist among the three major points discussed in the thesis namely "The organizational learning", "absorptive capacity" and "the ability to innovate".As a conclusion of this literature review, seven proposals were made. They are focused on two points. The first point targets the question of the influence of "specific organizational factors" on the absorptive capacity. The second is about the relation between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate".Following the literature approach, an empirical research has been carried out relying on the methods suggested by Eisenhardt (1989-2007), Yin (2003), Miles and Huberman (2003). This empirical research is structured in two stages. An exploratory case study conducted in an exemplary company in the sector of biotechnology health has allowed us first to analyze the specifics of its "absorption process of knowledge" and the organizational conditions that influence it. Afterward, a cross-sectional study of four companies in the same industry then allowed us to check out how the results of the exploratory analysis can be generalized. It is useful to clarify that the type of innovations considered in this thesis is technological innovation.The results demonstrate several important aspects, which characterize the process of knowledge absorption implemented within companies. On the one hand, they confirm the multidimensional, cumulative and interactive nature of this process. On the other hand, they clarify evidently the uncertain, iterative and nonlinear nature of absorption process. The results reveal that a proper union between the different dimensions of organizational conditions of knowledge absorption which influences positively the four dimensions of the of the absorption process.These results have led us to conclude that the exploitation capacity of knowledge and organizational conditions of their absorption contribute to improving the innovation capacity of companies in the biotechnology health’s sector. Finally, the results obtained allow to develop a conceptual framework of the knowledge absorption and to identify ways of reflections to improve the understanding of the absorption capacity of knowledge
Andreetti, Katia. „A la croisée de l'anthropologie de la santé publique et des politiques publiques de la recherche : étude de cas des biotechnologies de la reproduction et de la bioéthique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research provides a holistic overview of human reproduction, using a comparative approach in which the genetic and the social interpenetrate. We highlight the ways in which socio-cultural, political and biological conditions shape bioethics and the possibilities offered to reproductive health research. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, we incorporate this abject of study into the construction of public policies on population health and research. We demonstrate that human reproduction, and biotechnologies in particular, embody the paradoxes most intrinsic to our species, where tradition and modernity merge. Technologies and scientific progress have metamorphosed the quality of life and perfected the medical management of reproductive health. Research and reproduction are political issues, reflecting the social representations of each culture and the way in which power relations are governed from national to international levels. Our research lays the foundations for a global approach to bioethics and health
Ben, Dhif Allah Mohamed Bilel. „Choix de localisation et développement des start-ups de hautes technologies : Le cas des biotechnologies appliquées à la santé humaine en France“. Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKersante, Flavie. „Régulation de l'activité opioïde par les récepteurs du Neuropeptide FF : approches cellulaire et neurochimique“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/304/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeuropeptide FF is a neuromodulator of opioid system. In rodents, it displays pro- or anti-opioid activities depending on the injection sites. Recently, two NPFF receptors have been cloned in mammals and in human, NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors belonging to the GPCR family. NPFF1 or NPFF2 receptors activation in rat dissociated neurons inhibits opioid induced regulation of N-type voltage gated calcium channels. In order to identify the mechanisms responsible for this cellular anti-opioid activity, I have constructed a cellular model of NPFF1 receptor expression in SH-SY5Y cells that naturally express opioid receptors and present neuronal characteristics, adapted to biochemical analysis. In NPFF1 expressing SH-SY5Y cells, NPVF (NPFF1 receptor agonist) displayed anti-opioid activity on DAMGO (MOP receptor agonist) induced inhibition of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels conductance but also on deltorphin-I (DOP receptor agonist) induced Phospholipase C\beta reactivation. Therefore, this cell line is a suitable model to investigate the interactions between NPFF and opioid receptors. As NPFF and MOP receptors have been recently found to heterodimerize in SH-SY5Y cells, I have investigated if this heterodimerization could impair opioid receptors coupling to G-protein, the modulation of MOP receptors coupling to G proteins by NPFF receptors activation was monitored by using the [35S]GTP\gamma\S binding assay. In SH-SY5Y cells that express NPFF1 or NPFF2 receptors, NPFF does not modify MOP receptors activation induced [35S]GTP\gamma\S binding. Furthermore, even if MOP and NPFF receptors share a G-protein common pool, they did not compete for this pool when receptors were not overexpressed. .
Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle. „Implications juridiques des nouvelles formes de gouvernance en biotechnologie : l'exemple des biobanques utilisées en recherche“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/663/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur choice of focusing on the governance of biobanks is based on the following observation: life sciences are singular among nature sciences as they have consequences on society. We made the assumption here that, in light of emerging practices in the field of biotechnology and especially in the field of biobanks the rule of law is perhaps not the best tool to regulate biotechnology. Other standards, more flexible, could provide such regulation (ethical guidelines or guidelines, professional recommendations, etc. ); the inadequacy of the traditional framework has resulted in reluctance of the legislator in the qualification of objects and structures and their status. Consequently legal instability is raised for all actors involved. In this context the lawyer is not supposed to take the place of the biologist and to interpret scientific data. His role was rather to clarify new concepts, to identify the normative principles which could build the status of biobanks and to analyze existing legislative solutions. In order to answer questions raised by the emergence of biobanks we focused on the genesis of the legal framework (structures and their components: collection of biological samples and associated data), the identification of the relevant ethical principles and modeling regulatory possibilities. The main difficulty of the regulatory framework of biobanks was that scientific categories do not correspond to legal ones. The "biologization" of law is ultimately more cumbersome than simplifying. Our objective was to propose new ways of managing biotechnology or at least a new methodology for identifying needs and modes of supervision in order to avoid these difficulties. This system has to comply with protection of both freedom of research and rights of people involved in research using human biological materials. The retrospective approach seemed relevant to us to inform policy decisions made so far, to highlight some limits and to propose alternatives. Our interest was more focused on the relationships between actors and their ability to produce norms. These norms that they grant rights to source-persons are analised first as a source of biobanks framework, second as element implemented within diverse models of biobanks. .
Cucchi, Michel. „Dynamiques du risque collectif : Éléments d'une socioanthropologie du risque“. Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1707.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarge collective threats are intentional and unintentional products of human activities, whose effects form away from the gaze of men unpredictable complexes causing singular dynamics of collective risk. Since the late twentieth century, the great forces of globalized modernity project these dynamics on the entire social and living world. Their prevalence is the result of an exhaust phenomenon off devices supposed to control. The approach of these dynamics through separate disciplines does not allow the reconstitution of their singular trajectories nor their effective processing. We thus propose a common representation of dynamics of collective risk in a multidisciplinary perspective. The thesis examines in particular its manifestations in four key areas of global modernity: finance, nuclear issue, biopolitics and biotechnology
Veissière, Delphine. „Les stratégies de partenariat technologique entre les petites et les grandes entreprises : le cas de la biotechnologie appliquée à la santé et à l'habillement en France et en Italie“. Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoël-Bourgois, Soizic. „Le sens du sang : magie et rites au pays de la biotechnologie : approche anthropologique à partir d'une étude du don de sang dans le Gard“. Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research focuses on the imaginary of blood, specifically in the world of biotechnology. By studying blood donation, I question the magical practices, rituals and mythology which contribute to make this liquid “transfusable”. The blood donation is a Total Social Fact, it concerns history, religions, economy, identity, legislation and politics…
Bourque, Claude Julie. „Le changement comme tradition dans la recherche et la formation à la recherche en biotechnologie et en périphérie étude de cas en sciences de la santé, sciences naturelles et génie“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/962.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBachotet, Sophie. „La libre circulation des produits vivants dans l'Union européenne“. Dijon, 2002. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/57b6d9e6-774a-43d2-8237-12c62ef605f5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoucher, Karine. „Principe de précaution et risque sanitaire : recherche sur l'encadrement juridique de l'incertitude scientifique“. Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe emergence of the precautionary principle is the outcome, due to the advancement of scientific knowledge, of an awareness of the limitations of the preventionary principle. µAfter it has been acknowledged in the field of environnemental protection, the precautionary principle is moreover liable to apply in the field of public health. Its aims is to prevent risks of typically uncertain, grevious and irreversible damage. Operating it does not require any new legal instruments, it only requires making use of the existing provisions about the prevention of technological risks (preliminary assessment and licence, compulsory follow up, limitations, measures of conservation) taking into account scientific uncertainty. Such steps taken to manage risks happen to be ample dimensions compared with wathever action could be taken according to preventionary principle. The juridical implications of the precautionary principle fall into two categories, wether the risk is managd in a permissive or in a conservatoryway. The point of this approach is so show that the precautionary principle is a principle for action intented to apply of the various stages of decision making. When one considers that distinction to check off the existing or potential means of the taking uncertainty into account in law, substantial presence of that principole can no doubt be traced in law. Its formal consecration does not lead the to a break with existing law. On the contrary, it allows strengthening the precautionary principle widely developed in law, together with is acknowledgement as a juridical principle
Kameda, de Figueiredo Carvalho Koichi. „Testing the Nation : Healthcare policy and innovation in diagnostics for infectious diseases in Brazil“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn vitro diagnostics (IVD) is a segment of the health biotechnology industry for which the major players are situated in developed countries. At the same time, the contemporary landscape has compelled multinational companies to transform their business models and non-Western countries to become both new markets and places where new knowledge and technology can be produced. Not only is Brazil an important market for healthcare products, but it also has a long-standing history of producing pharmaceutical and biological innovations. It is in this context that Brazilian actors have engaged in the manufacturing of IVD for infectious diseases. These initiatives articulate public health and industrial economy policies, a preferred approach of the new developmentalism (neo-desenvolvimentismo) that prevailed in the country from 2003 to 2016. This thesis aims to shed light on how these actors organize IVD production and innovation in such a changing world, and at the crossroads of public health, technological autonomy and the national economy in Brazil. The research draws on fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2017, which involved internships in two biotechnology laboratories linked to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and on interviews with the various actors involved in the initiatives to produce national diagnostic tests
Gence, Laura. „Étude des propriétés nutrition-santé d’un concentré d’agrume enrichi en hespéridine et β-cryptoxanthine : bioaccessibilité des caroténoïdes et effets santé impliqués dans la prévention du diabète de type 2“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCitrus fruits, which are widely consumed worldwide, represent sources of carotenoids such as βCX, which contribute with flavonoids (HES) to the health effects of these fruits, particularly in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a worldwide pathology that is growing exponentially. The general objective of this work is therefore to study the nutritional and health properties of clementine juice concentrates obtained by innovative membrane technology and specifically enriched in both βCX and HES but also in pectins. The digestive behaviour of these phytomicronutrients, guarantors of the nutritional quality of the concentrates, was first assessed by coupling the in vitro digestion model with the Caco-2 intestinal cells. For a better physiological vision of the mechanisms associated with the first stages of digestion, models of static and dynamic digestion are compared. The bioavailability and intestinal absorption of carotenoids are strongly influenced by the content and structure of pectins. In a second step, the biological activities (disglycemia, dislipidemia, inflammation) involved in the prevention of T2D are evaluated in vivo in rat after administration of the citrus concentrate. The study demonstrated that a citrus food specifically enriched in βCX and HES is effective in preventing metabolic syndrome/T2D, highlighting the possible role of βCX and its retinoid bioconversion. A complementary in vitro study on murine macrophages reveals synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the two phytomicronutrients
Grino, Claire. „Corps, genre et nouvelles technologies biomédicales : reconfigurations antinaturalistes au sein des théories féministes“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biological materiality of the human body has become an object of unprecedented interventions through “new biomedical technologies” as medically assisted procreation, genetic tests, or hormonal contraception. This thesis interrogates the difficulties inherent to anti-naturalist approaches in order to address the biological dimension of sexed bodies. “One is not born a woman, one becomes one”, but is this also true for the body? The analytical frames of materialist or deconstructivist feminism cannot cease the modalities through which biomedical technologies invest the flesh. Do biomedical technologies make constructivist approaches obsolete through the revenge of a biological – hormonal, genetic, molecular – ground that tops the anatomical effects of socialization? Partisans of a feminist “material turn” seem to think so. After analyzing how the molecular biology revolution changes the very concept of nature in defining it as “life itself”, I offer an alternative interpretation by defining biomedical technologies as technologies of power that stem from a molecular biopolitics of gender. Instead of overturning constructivist perspectives, these new social mediations (residing on a new epistemic paradigm) help understanding a shift in what has been seen as the limits of gender. This shift creates unprecedented identities, experiences and subjectivities of gender. In exposing the coordinates of the biomedical apparatus, this comparative study between disciplinary techniques and molecular biopolitics of gender pleads for a renewed anti-naturalist critique that takes the form of a critique of technology in order to allow for a collective appropriation of biomedical technologies.
Graber, Nils. „La vacuna, une innovation cubaine : immunothérapie du cancer, essais cliniques et soins primaires aux marges de la globalisation“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince its emergence in the 1980s, the Cuban biotechnology industry has developed pharmaceuticals designed to both export and integration into the national health system. Among innovative projects, cancer immunotherapy stands as one of the main areas. This domain of cancer therapy attempts to act upon immunological mechanisms to destroy or contain the tumour. Since 2010, some of these treatments have been made accessible for a wide-spread use in the country through the implementation of clinical trials expanded to primary health centres, called polyclinics, where notably general practitioners are working. The aim of this intervention is to transform (advanced) cancer into a chronic disease. It is an unprecedented intervention. At the international level, where immunotherapy also stands as a cutting-edge oncology treatment, these new drugs are only available at the hospital level, and wide access is threatened due to high prices. Combining ethnography with the study of collaborative networks, this work explores the innovation process in the development of cancer immunotherapy in Cuba, in its attempts to conciliate industrial policies and public health goals. The use of the local term vacuna is part of an examination of epistemic specificity as well as of the multiple understanding of cancer immunotherapy among industrial researchers, oncologists and primary healthcare professionals. The vacuna is taking shape through practices embedded within public institutions, which attempt to constantly conciliate conflicting dimensions, between economic and public health goals, biomedicine and primary care, respect of global norms and attention to local particularities, which is a source of multiple and modular innovations, likely to circulate among both global South and global North
Le, Gac Hélen. „L'encadrement juridique communautaire des sciences et technologies du vivant dans le secteur agro-alimentaire“. Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRikabi, Mouaz. „Les droits de la propriété intellectuelle et l'intérêt général : approche en droit d’auteur et en droit des brevets“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolution of the industrial economy towards the economy of knowledge has propelled intellectual property to the forefront. Intellectual property has become integrated in all the domains of the modern life. As a result, it has become a necessity to protect it effectively through appropriate legal rules that encourage creators to continue to provide new creations. However, the specificity of the nature of the work protected by intellectual property requires the consideration of multiple conflicting interests. As such, the legislator has sought, in the name of the general interest, to create a fair internal balance between the main interests present within the system of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, the exercise of the prerogatives granted by the intellectual property system, carried out by the owner of intellectual property, has caused an important expansion of the interests of this owner, to the detriment of other concurrent interests. This has consequently caused a break in the internal balance of the system, instigated by the legislator. Nonetheless, the general interest can play a key role in restoring balance through the application of external rules to the intellectual property regime. In this perspective, the judge can, by using his creative power of jurisprudence, use the general interest as a guideline to restore balance in the intellectual property system. The general interest justifies thus, as well as the intrinsic limits to intellectual property rights, the extrinsic limits to these rights
Dos, Santos Cagarelho Nicolas. „Les droits français et européen à l'épreuve de l'innovation scientifique en matière agricole végétale“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrench agriculture, which perpetuated an after-war objective of established efficiency criteria, was guided by the search for a greater productivity. This direction, promoted by both the Common Agricultural Policy and the globalisation of the markets, was mostly driven by States with strong agricultural potentials, especially France playing a leading role. This evolution was guided by scientific and technology innovations, carried by three initial promoters: the public authorities, the agricultural sector and industrial groups. Scientific innovations, in an effort to protect the plants and improve the quality of vegetables, triggered a growing involvement of public authorities which faced alerts from environmental activists and increasing public opinion on the matter. The expansion of a national legislation has been followed up over the last twenty years by a growing European regulation. The latter aims at establishing a compromise between health and food safety as well as protecting the environment and industrial progress. It also questions the coherence of the existing legal framework for agricultural crops applied to the French territory, the current legislation on scientific innovations for plant agriculture and it's possible limits. This thesis deals with 'The French and European Law Facing Scientific Innovation for Plant Agriculture'
Ackah, Kangah Miezan Toyo. „Les déterminants d'une grappe, définis par le modèle de Michael Porter, sont-ils présents dans la région de Montréal? : « cas des entreprises spécialisées en biotechnologie en santé humaine situées dans la région de Montréal »“. Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3136/1/M11379.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePersico, Nancy. „Incidence de la réglementation actuelle et future des aliments génétiquement modifiés sur leur exploitation“. Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2410.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the past decades, the use of biotechnology in the industry of novel food was very considerable. This new technique is very useful, and can be easily important for an appreciable quantity of people, like productors, agricultors and consumers. Since it was used in the production of novel food, a new regulatory enforcement was needed. It was done either in France and Canada, but differently. As we know, the different way of life in both countries play an important role in the acceptance of the genetically modified organisms (GMO's). In this thesis, we will give a description of the different regulatory frameworks for food products of biotechnology. Then, we will see what was important, according to the different sociologie and ethics point of view, in the elaboration of these relevant legislation.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M)"