Bücher: „Biological levels“

1

Zhirmunskiĭ, Alekseĭ Viktorovich. Critical levels in the development of natural systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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2

A, Vernon Philip, Hrsg. Biological approaches to the study of human intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Pub., 1993.

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3

Bertolaso, Marta. How science works: Choosing levels of explanation in biological sciences. Roma: Aracne editrice S.r.l., 2013.

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4

Walker, Martin Keith. Determination of physiological levels of alkanals and hydroxyalkenals in biological samples. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1994.

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5

Weitkamp, Donald E. Reservoir drawdown biological issues: A discussion paper. Bellevue, Wash: Parametrix, 1992.

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6

Hunter, Mark A. Hydropower flow fluctuations and salmonids: A review of the biological effects, mechanical causes, and options for mitigation. Olympia, Wash: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Habitat Management Division, 1992.

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7

United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Walla Walla District., Hrsg. Lower Snake River biological drawdown test, draft environmental impact statement: Factsheet. Walla Walla, WA: Dept. of the Army, Walla Walla District, Corps of Engineers, 1994.

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8

Hill, Jeffrey E. Biological synopsis of five selected Florida Centrarchid fishes with an emphasis on the effects of water level fluctuations. Palatka, Fl]: St. Johns River Water Management District, 2005.

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9

Weitkamp, Donald E. Biological risks associated with a John Day Reservoir drawdown. Seattle, Wash: Parametrix, 1993.

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10

Douglas, Grahn, Carnes Bruce A, Thomson John F, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., Argonne National Laboratory. Division of Biological and Medical Research. und Argonne National Laboratory, Hrsg. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission neutrons and gamma rays at occupational exposure levels. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.

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11

Es'kov, Evgeniy. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1229809.

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The monograph, based on the use of literary information and research materials of the author, attempts to systematize the influence of natural and anthropogenic electric fields on biological objects of different levels of complexity. The origin of cosmic and terrestrial magnetism is described and the influence of this factor on the physiological state, viability and development of plant and animal objects is analyzed. The biological effects of magnetic storms are investigated. The mechanisms of generation, perception and use of electric fields in signaling and spatial orientation of animals are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the analysis of specific reactions of animals to electromagnetic fields. The prospects of using electromagnetic fields to control the behavior of animals and direct influence on the growth processes of plant objects are considered. For a wide range of readers interested in the possibilities of controlling animal behavior and influencing plant growth.

12

C, Blumm Michael, und Northwestern School of Law. Northwest Water Law and Policy Project., Hrsg. Saving Snake River water and salmon simultaneously: The biological, economic, and legal case for breaching the lower Snake River dams, lowering John Day Reservoir, and restoring natural riverflows. [Portland, Or.]: Northwest Water Law & Policy Project, 1998.

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13

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin., Hrsg. Scientific evaluation of biological opinions on endangered and threatened fishes in the Klamath River basin: Interim report. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2002.

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14

Herbst, David B. Aquatic ecology of the littoral zone of Abert Lake, Oregon: Defining critical lake levels and optimum salinity for biological health. [Portland, Or.]: Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Diversity Program, 1994.

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15

Harmon, Michelle R. A summary of chemical contaminant levels at Benthic Surveillance Project sites (1984-1992). Silver Spring, Md: United States Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 1998.

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16

Wood, A. Biological fieldwork: (for A-level and GCSE). Ipswich: Otley College of Agriculture and Horticulture, 1989.

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17

Wood, A. Biological fieldwork: (for A-level and GCSE). Ipswich: Otley College of Agriculture andHorticulture, 1989.

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18

Eadie, Leila. Further evaluation of 5-hydroxytryptophol as a biological state marker of alcohol consumption: levels of 5-HTOL across a spectrum of drinking behaviour, and tests of the stability and reliability of the ratio with 5-HIAA. [Guildford]: University of Surrey, 1999.

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19

Morris, Charles Clarence, und Thomas Paul Simon. Nutrient Indicator Models for Determining Biologically Relevant Levels. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4129-4.

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20

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Scientific evaluation of biological opinions on endangered and threatened fishes in the Klamath River basin: Oversight hearing before the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, March 13, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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21

1946-, Calabrese Edward J., Hrsg. Biological effects of low level exposures: Dose-response relationships. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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22

Webster, Edward W. A primer on low-level ionizing radiation and its biological effects: A report of the Biological Effects Committee, American Association of Physicists in Medicine. New York: Published for the Association by the American Institute of Physics, 1988.

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23

Busby, Chris C. Radiation and cancer in Wales: The biological consequencesof low-level radiation. Machynlleth, Powys: Green Audit (Wales) Ltd., 1994.

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24

Bauer, Eric D. A combined chemical and biological treatment of low level polychlorinated biphenyl waste. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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25

Robin, Russell Jones, und Southwood Richard Sir 1931-, Hrsg. Radiation and health: The biological effectsof low-level exposure to ionizing radiation. Chichester: Wiley, 1987.

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26

1941-, Schopf J. William, Hrsg. Life's origin: The beginnings of biological evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

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27

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office., United States. Bureau of Reclamation. und U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., Hrsg. Reinitiation of formal consultation: Biological opinion of the effects of long-term operation of the Central Valley Project and State Water Project as modified by implementing the preferred alternative in the draft environmental impact statement/environmental impact report for the Trinity River mainstem fishery restoration program. Request for consultation on the implementation of this alternative on the threatened northern spotted owl, northern spotted owl critical habitat, and the endangered bald eagle within the Trinity River Basin, and where applicable, Central Valley reservoirs. [Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California/Nevada Operations Office, 2000.

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28

Tihonova, Irina, und Nataliya Kruchinina. Environmental monitoring of water bodies. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/966056.

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Annotation:

The tutorial covers issues related to water monitoring systems and assessment of anthropogenic impact on water bodies. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the distribution of pollutants, the tasks and principles of monitoring systems at the global and local levels, and comprehensive water quality assessments were studied. Mathematical models of water quality assessment and forecasting are presented. Additionally, information on biological monitoring of water bodies is highlighted. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For University students studying in the areas of training 05.03.06 "Ecology and nature management", 18.03.02 "Energy and resource - saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology", 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety", 20.03.02 "nature management and water use".

29

Robin, Russell Jones, Southwood Richard Sir, Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace International und International Conference on "The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation" (1986 : Hammersmith Hospital, London), Hrsg. Radiation and health: The biological effects of low level exposure to ionizing radiation. Chichester: Wiley, 1987.

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30

Chambers, Philip L., Claire M. Chambers und Helmut Greim, Hrsg. Biological Monitoring of Exposure and the Response at the Subcellular Level to Toxic Substances. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74117-3.

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31

Kabbout, Aya. Biological Levels of Organization. Lulu Press, Inc., 2021.

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32

Wimsatt, William C., Daniel S. Brooks und James DiFrisco. Levels of Organization in the Biological Sciences. The MIT Press, 2021.

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33

Lower Snake River biological drawdown test: Draft environmental impact statement. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, 1994.

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34

Biological opinion: Trinity River mainstem fishery restoration. [Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California/Nevada Operations Office, 2000.

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35

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne und Gareth Morris-Stiff. Targeted and biological therapies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0009.

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Hormone therapy describes the role of hormones in the growth of a variety of cancers, and the therapeutic effects of manipulation of hormone levels in these diseases. Sex hormones stimulate the growth of breast and prostate cancers, many of which respond to surgical removal of the hormone-secreting gonad. Pharmacological measures to deliver hormone therapy in these diseases include luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, inhibitors of sex hormone synthesis, and inhibitors of hormone-receptor binding. These treatments have established benefits in both in the control of advanced disease and the adjuvant therapy of early-stage disease. The pros and cons of combination hormone therapy are discussed. Resistance to hormone therapy may be primary or acquired, and the likely mechanisms are described.

36

Gray, Doug, Carole Proctor und Tom Kirkwood. Biological aspects of human ageing. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0001.

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At the molecular and cellular levels human ageing is characterized by the accumulation of unrepaired random damage, and an accompanying loss of function. A major source of damage is oxidative stress caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species as a by-product of respiration. DNA and proteins are both susceptible to damage but whereas DNA damage repair systems exist, faulty proteins are generally removed by protein degradation systems. During ageing these systems become less efficient and the subsequent accumulation of damaged protein promotes protein aggregation, a process which is especially problematic in the ageing brain. Other aspects of ageing include genetic and epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, and cellular senescence, all subject to stochasticity. The complexity of the biology of ageing has led to an increase in the use of systems biology approaches whereby the use of mathematical modelling and bioinformatic tools complement the more traditional experimental approaches.

37

Snell, Lawrence D., Sanjiv V. Bhave, Laszlo Takacs und Boris Tabakoff. Biological Markers of Substance Use. Herausgegeben von Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.23.

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Ascertaining an individual’s history of alcohol consumption is an important component in the proper treatment of accidental trauma or acute or chronic illness, as well as for matters of public health and safety, legal issues, insurance coverage, and the management of and recovery from hazardous/harmful levels of alcohol consumption. Although self-report of alcohol consumption in both research and clinical settings represents the most common mode of assessment, there is long-standing interest in developing objective measures of alcohol consumption that do not rely on the ability or willingness of a person to truthfully report consumption. Biologic diagnostic tests or biomarkers can provide information on current and past quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. This chapter discusses and evaluates many of the biomarker candidates that have been investigated and provides insights into future searches for optimal diagnostic tools to provide biologic evidence of duration, quantity, and frequency of individual alcohol consumption. We have included a limited discussion of biomarkers for assessing cannabis use since cannabis and alcohol use many times are a concomitant feature of intoxication.

38

Robins, Sarah K., und Carl F. Craver. Biological Clocks: Explaining with Models of Mechanisms. Herausgegeben von John Bickle. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195304787.003.0003.

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This article examines the concept of mechanistic explanation by considering the mechanism of circadian rhythm or biological clocks. It provides an account of mechanistic explanation and some common failures of mechanistic explanation and discusses the sense in which mechanistic explanations typically span multiple levels. The article suggests that models that describe mechanisms are more useful for the purposes of manipulation and control than are scientific models that do not describe mechanisms. It comments on the criticism that the mechanistic explanation is far too simple to fully express the complexity of real explanations in neuroscience and that neuroscientific explanations require emergent properties that cannot be explained by decomposition into the parts, activities, and organizational features that constitute the mechanism.

39

Cawvey, Matthew, Matthew Hayes, Damarys Canache und Jeffery J. Mondak. Biological and Psychological Influences on Interpersonal and Political Trust. Herausgegeben von Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.11.

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Levels of interpersonal and political trust undoubtedly ebb and flow in response to external stimuli. Despite the variability in one’s environment, there is good reason to believe that interpersonal and political trust also originate from individual characteristics. In this chapter, we focus on the impact of biology and personality on trust. Biological factors and personality traits constitute relatively stable individual differences that influence perceptions, evaluations, and orientations toward the social and political world. Research on trust has examined both of these influences, and we review this literature below. The first section considers the role of biology in shaping trust, and the second examines trust as a dimension of personality and as an individual orientation that can be shaped by personality. We then present a brief statistical analysis of the impact of personality traits on interpersonal and political trust. The last section summarizes the discussion and suggests avenues for future research.

40

Braun, V., W. R. Bartle, M. Hagiwara, J. M. Dietschy und Y. Emori. Regulation of Plasma Low Density Lipoprotein Levels Biopharmacological Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease Microbial Iron Transport Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions. Springer, 2012.

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41

A summary of chemical contaminant levels at benthic surveillance project sites (1984-1992). Silver Spring, MD (1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring 20910): Coastal Monitoring and Bioeffects Assessment Division, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1998.

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42

(US), National Research Council. Scientific Evaluation of Biological Opinions on Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin: Interim Report. Natl Academy Pr, 2002.

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43

Calabrese, E. J. Biological Effects of Low Level Exposure. Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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44

Croasmun, Matthew. The Emergence of Persons Great and Small. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190277987.003.0004.

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This chapter turns specifically to the question of personhood, offering an emergent ontology of human persons at both the biological and psychological levels. These “individuals” prove to be internally composite and externally open to further combination. The discussion then moves to consider these “external” combinations. In somatic terms, this involves discussion of biology’s history of determining the biological “individual,” and the discussion of “superorganisms” that blur the distinction between parts and wholes. Various theories of “group mind” are evaluated in order to consider the relevance of the presence of group cognition in identifying the emergence of “persons” at higher levels of complexity. The hypothesis is presented that Sin should be understood as a mythological person—a superorganism with a group mind—supervening on the transgressions of individual human persons and sinful social systems.

45

Blaine, Judith, Hector Giral, Sabina Jelen und Moshe Levi. Approach to the patient with hypo-/hyperphosphataemia. Herausgegeben von Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0039.

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Phosphate is the most abundant anion in the human body and has an indispensable role in numerous biological functions, including energy metabolism, bone formation, signal transduction, and as a constituent of phospholipids and nucleic acids. Only 1% is in extracellular fluid, but serum phosphate (Pi) levels are subject to fine tuning involving several hormones modulating renal tubular reabsorption, intestinal absorption, and bone homeostasis to maintain a normal range from 0.81 to 1.45 mmol/L (2.5–4.5 mg/dL) in adulthood and higher levels during infancy and childhood. An approach to the diagnosis of low and high phosphate levels is described.

46

Barbara, Jean Gaël. Biological generality. Herausgegeben von Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay und David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.13.

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This article examines generality in biology by focusing on two French schools of anatomy: the discipline of anatomie générale that was founded in France in 1800 by Xavier Bichat and the one developed in the 1870s by Louis Ranvier at the Collège de France by means of microscopy. The works of Bichat and Ranvier involved the disciplines of anatomy and physiology. Bichat’s work, especially his research on tissues, is of interest for understanding which kind of concept of generality gained favor in the life sciences at the start of the nineteenth century. Ranvier’s later career sheds light on the ways that generality was searched for at the microscopic level and its significance in the discovery of real and minute biological objects. Following a discussion of Bichat and Ranvier’s anatomie générale, this article explores the two men’s interests in generality as an actor’s category.

47

Butaye, Patrick, Manfred Weidmann, Nigel Silmann und Mandy Elschner. Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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48

Butaye, Patrick, Manfred Weidmann, Nigel Silmann und Mandy Elschner. Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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49

Butaye, Patrick, Manfred Weidmann, Nigel Silmann und Mandy Elschner. Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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50

Butaye, Patrick, Manfred Weidmann, Nigel Silmann und Mandy Elschner. Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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