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Larmande, Pierre, Yusha Liu, Xinzhi Yao und Jingbo Xia. „OryzaGP 2021 update: a rice gene and protein dataset for named-entity recognition“. Genomics & Informatics 19, Nr. 3 (30.09.2021): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.21015.
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Due to the rapid evolution of high-throughput technologies, a tremendous amount of data is being produced in the biological domain, which poses a challenging task for information extraction and natural language understanding. Biological named entity recognition (NER) and named entity normalisation (NEN) are two common tasks aiming at identifying and linking biologically important entities such as genes or gene products mentioned in the literature to biological databases. In this paper, we present an updated version of OryzaGP, a gene and protein dataset for rice species created to help natural language processing (NLP) tools in processing NER and NEN tasks. To create the dataset, we selected more than 15,000 abstracts associated with articles previously curated for rice genes. We developed four dictionaries of gene and protein names associated with database identifiers. We used these dictionaries to annotate the dataset. We also annotated the dataset using pre-trained NLP models. Finally, we analysed the annotation results and discussed how to improve OryzaGP.
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Flanagan, Tim. „The Dictionaries in Which We Learn to Think“. Deleuze Studies 9, Nr. 3 (August 2015): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2015.0189.
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Taking its title from the discussion of a ‘new Meno’ to be found in Difference and Repetition, through an examination of the link between learning and thinking set out across Deleuze's work this paper charts the important sense in which philosophical thought is characterised by an apprenticeship. The claim is that just as certain aesthetic and biological processes involve inscrutable and non-resembling elements that cannot be known in advance, the experience of learning is one oriented by unforseen encounters. With a view to a peculiarly heuristic use of dictionaries in the case of language learning, the paper shows how the logic (or event) of this experience is one whereby the putative meaning of things does not enjoy a priority over the immanence of their expression.
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Harris, Chelsea, Uchenna Okorie und Sokratis Makrogiannis. „Spatially localized sparse approximations of deep features for breast mass characterization“. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, Nr. 9 (2023): 15859–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023706.
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<abstract><p>We propose a deep feature-based sparse approximation classification technique for classification of breast masses into benign and malignant categories in film screen mammographs. This is a significant application as breast cancer is a leading cause of death in the modern world and improvements in diagnosis may help to decrease rates of mortality for large populations. While deep learning techniques have produced remarkable results in the field of computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer, there are several aspects of this field that remain under-studied. In this work, we investigate the applicability of deep-feature-generated dictionaries to sparse approximation-based classification. To this end we construct dictionaries from deep features and compute sparse approximations of Regions Of Interest (ROIs) of breast masses for classification. Furthermore, we propose block and patch decomposition methods to construct overcomplete dictionaries suitable for sparse coding. The effectiveness of our deep feature spatially localized ensemble sparse analysis (DF-SLESA) technique is evaluated on a merged dataset of mass ROIs from the CBIS-DDSM and MIAS datasets. Experimental results indicate that dictionaries of deep features yield more discriminative sparse approximations of mass characteristics than dictionaries of imaging patterns and dictionaries learned by unsupervised machine learning techniques such as K-SVD. Of note is that the proposed block and patch decomposition strategies may help to simplify the sparse coding problem and to find tractable solutions. The proposed technique achieves competitive performances with state-of-the-art techniques for benign/malignant breast mass classification, using 10-fold cross-validation in merged datasets of film screen mammograms.</p></abstract>
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Cardoso, Luiz Felipe Felisardo. „Refletindo os Conceitos Gênero e Sexo em Dicionários“. Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 20, Nr. 2 (27.06.2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2019v20n2p187-191.
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Os conceitos de gênero e sexo, outrora, eram tidos como vocábulos carregados com o mesmo sentido. Atualmente, no entanto, compreende-se que são duas terminologias com significados distintos. Sexo é entendido, então, como algo relacionado ao biológico, enquanto gênero passa a ser considerado como um fenômeno social. Visto que discussões sobre essa temática vêm ganhando espaço na sociedade, este estudo visa analisar a maneira como dicionários definem ambos os termos. Para isso, objetiva-se especificamente: 1) verificar se os dicionários tratam dos verbetes gênero e sexo dentro de uma perspectiva contemporânea e 2) analisar se as obras tratam os significados desses conceitos dentro da visão de diferenças biológicas e culturais, como compreendidas atualmente. Dessa maneira, foram selecionados sete dicionários de áreas e datas distintas, a título de exemplo, Língua Portuguesa, Sociologia e Análise do Discurso. Por conseguinte, os verbetes sexo e gênero foram analisados, tendo em vista se são significados da forma como são compreendidos no momento atual. Verificou-se que os dicionários de Língua Portuguesa, em sua maioria, conceituam os verbetes analisados ainda de maneira desacertada, tratando gênero e sexo com significações de sentidos semelhantes. Contudo, os dicionários de outras áreas, como o de Sociologia, conceituam gênero e sexo com definições distintas, abrangendo as diferenças sociais e biológicas. Os resultados demonstram que há ainda a necessidade de discussão e de entendimento acerca dos conceitos analisados nos Dicionários, carecendo de um melhor entendimento sobre a significação de sexo e gênero na sociedade. Palavras-chave: Lexicografia. Léxico. Verbetes. AbstractThe concepts of gender and sex, once were seen as words bearing the same meaning. Currently, however, it is understandable that these are two terminologies with distinct meanings. Sex is understood, so far, as something related to Biology, while gender started to be considered a social phenomenon. Seeing that discussions with this subject-matter have been gaining space in our society, this study intends to analyze the way dictionaries define both terms. Therefore, it was specifically aimed to 1) verify if the dictionaries take both of the entries, gender and sex, in a contemporary perspective and 2) analyze if the works deal with the meaning of such concepts inside the view of biological and cultural differences, as currently understood. Thus, seven dictionaries were selected of distinct locations and dates, for instance, Portuguese Language, sociology and speech analysis. Therefore, the entries sex and gender were analyzed, in view of if they are meant in the same way as they are understood nowadays. As results, it was verified that the Portuguese language dictionaries, in their majority, conceptualize the analyzed entries still in a wrongful way, treating gender and sex as meanings of similar sense. Yet, the dictionaries of other areas, like sociology, designate gender and sex with different definitions, reaching the social and biological differences. The outcome shows that there is still the need to discuss and understand the concepts analyzed in dictionaries, lacking a better understandment of the meaning of sex and gender in our society.Keywords: Lexicography. Lexicon. Entries.
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Trafimchik, Zh I. „ENDOWMENT, TALENT, GENIUS: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM“. Health and Ecology Issues, Nr. 2 (28.06.2014): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2014-11-2-29.
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The article deals with the problem of identifying the border-lines among such notions as «endowment», «talent» and «genius». On the basis of the works of philosophers, psychologists and psychiatrists and also articles from foreign and Russian encyclopedic dictionaries, the author identifies the main characteristics of genius, distinguishing it from talent. This article presents the role of biological and social and psychological aspects in the emergence of a potential genius or extraordinary talent.
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Gataullina, A. G. „Words with the root <i>жи(ть)</i> in biological and medical lexicon“. Philology and Culture, Nr. 1 (05.04.2024): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-75-1-6-16.
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The article describes and analyzes words with the ancient root жи(ть), which have undergone terminologicalisation. Nowadays, the focus of the research is the issue of the terminological vocabulary influence on the development of language as a whole. In order to reveal the semantic potential of the words with the root жи(ть), we studied these words in biological and medical terminology. The subject of our study is focused on the semantics of these words, since biology studies different aspects of life of living beings, medicine is concerned with healing people, and the words we are interested in denote signs, actions and processes related to all animate things. The research material is based on dictionaries of biological (botanical, zoological) and medical terms, explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, which reveal the semantic scope of the words of interest and provide interpretations of their meanings. The research was carried out using the descriptive method and the method of dictionary definitions. We considered the word-forming and semantic features of the words with the root жи(ть) serving as names of different scientific objects (plants and animals), phenomena, features, properties, methods, actions and processes using the material of biological and medical terminology. The article describes the interaction and interpenetration of common and terminological words and identifies two-component terminological word-combinations, in which words with the given root are used, to define objects at the level of species nomination. As a result of the study, we found more than one hundred medical and biological terms with the root жи(ть); determined terminological word-formation chains; highlighted the terminological homonymy and sub-spheres in biological and medical terminology (botanical, zoological, entomological and pharmaceutical), in forensic medicine, space medicine, etc. We have come to the conclusion that the words with the root жи(ть) are used to nominate plants, living organisms, processes in living organisms, biological formations, abilities of living organisms and diseases.
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Sakalauskienė, Vilija. „Ethnolinguistic Information about RUGYS (Rye) in Lithuanian Dialect Dictionaries“. Vilnius University Open Series, Nr. 2 (30.07.2021): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vllp.2021.17.
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The article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School.An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance.Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds.The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.
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SASAKI, YUTAKA, JOHN MCNAUGHT und SOPHIA ANANIADOU. „THE VALUE OF AN IN-DOMAIN LEXICON IN GENOMICS QA“. Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 08, Nr. 01 (Februar 2010): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720010004513.
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This paper demonstrates that a large-scale lexicon tailored for the biology domain is effective in improving question analysis for genomics Question Answering (QA). We use the TREC Genomics Track data to evaluate the performance of different question analysis methods. It is hard to process textual information in biology, especially in molecular biology, due to a huge number of technical terms which rarely appear in general English documents and dictionaries. To support biological Text Mining, we have developed a domain-specific resource, the BioLexicon. Started in 2006 from scratch, this lexicon currently includes more than four million biomedical terms consisting of newly curated terms and terms collected from existing biomedical databases. While conventional genomics QA systems provide query expansion based on thesauri and dictionaries, it is not clear to what extent a biology-oriented lexical resource is effective for question pre-processing for genomics QA. Experiments on the genomics QA data set show that question analysis using the BioLexicon performs slightly better than that using n-grams and the UMLS Specialist Lexicon.
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Fareed, Mian Muhammad Sadiq, Qi Chun, Gulnaz Ahmed, Adil Murtaza, Muhammad Rizwan Asif und Muhammad Zeeshan Fareed. „Salient region detection through salient and non-salient dictionaries“. PLOS ONE 14, Nr. 3 (28.03.2019): e0213433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213433.
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Abdushukurova, Zamira Z., Bashorat A. Muminova und Dilnoza A. Umarova. „TERMINOLOGY OF BIOLOGY AS A KEYSTONE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION“. Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 02, Nr. 03 (01.08.2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-02-03-04.
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Interdisciplinary natural sciences and education The natural sciences are intertwined in their methods and results, as well as in their specific terminology. The best approach to a correct and unified understanding of science in education is to develop professional dictionaries. For a number of reasons, current reference publications do not always meet the requirements of students and professionals. This article is based on the development of a new comprehensive dictionary of biological terms that includes basic medical concepts. The principles of compiling such a dictionary are suggested.
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Bajic, Vladan P., Adil Salhi, Katja Lakota, Aleksandar Radovanovic, Rozaimi Razali, Lada Zivkovic, Biljana Spremo-Potparevic et al. „DES-Amyloidoses “Amyloidoses through the looking-glass”: A knowledgebase developed for exploring and linking information related to human amyloid-related diseases“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 7 (25.07.2022): e0271737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271737.
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More than 30 types of amyloids are linked to close to 50 diseases in humans, the most prominent being Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is brain-related local amyloidosis, while another amyloidosis, such as AA amyloidosis, tends to be more systemic. Therefore, we need to know more about the biological entities’ influencing these amyloidosis processes. However, there is currently no support system developed specifically to handle this extraordinarily complex and demanding task. To acquire a systematic view of amyloidosis and how this may be relevant to the brain and other organs, we needed a means to explore "amyloid network systems" that may underly processes that leads to an amyloid-related disease. In this regard, we developed the DES-Amyloidoses knowledgebase (KB) to obtain fast and relevant information regarding the biological network related to amyloid proteins/peptides and amyloid-related diseases. This KB contains information obtained through text and data mining of available scientific literature and other public repositories. The information compiled into the DES-Amyloidoses system based on 19 topic-specific dictionaries resulted in 796,409 associations between terms from these dictionaries. Users can explore this information through various options, including enriched concepts, enriched pairs, and semantic similarity. We show the usefulness of the KB using an example focused on inflammasome-amyloid associations. To our knowledge, this is the only KB dedicated to human amyloid-related diseases derived primarily through literature text mining and complemented by data mining that provides a novel way of exploring information relevant to amyloidoses.
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Patroeva, N. V. „RHETORICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE OF M. V. LOMONOSOV IN THE MIRROR OF DICTIONARIES“. Учёные записки Петрозаводского государственного университета 42, Nr. 3 (März 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/uchz.art.2020.468.
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Ranganathan, C. „Use of Information Sources by Research Scholars and Faculty Members of Biological Science: A Case Study of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu“. Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology 9, Nr. 1 (05.02.2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajist-2019.9.1.2612.
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This study identified that the user studies help build need-based and balanced collections in University Environment. A questionnaire was used to collect data about use of information sources by research scholars and faculty members of biological Science in Bharathidasan University in Tiruchirappalli. This study identified relative importance of information sources among the research scholars and faculty members of biological Science in a University environment is emphasized. The study reveals that Reprints/Prints, Abstracting and Indexing Journal, primary periodicals, Newspaper, Dictionaries, Subject Bibliographies and Monographs / Text books were the sources of information which were most frequently used. A majority of the biologists use Internet and sixty percent collected information through on-line search. Most found the collection inadequate to meet their information needs.
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Lazic-Konjik, Ivana, und Stana Ristic. „Concept of the folk in the dictionaries of the Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) language“. Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 68, Nr. 2 (2020): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei2002453l.
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The paper analyzes the concept of the FOLK in the Serbian language in accordance with the methodological foundations of the Lublin Ethnolinistic School. The introduction gives an overview of selected papers dealing with the terminological and theoretical aspects of the concepts FOLK, NATION and COUNTRY, as basic socio-political categories, with the aim of comparing the naive linguistic picture of these concepts with their conception in contemporary anthropological, sociological and political approaches. In the main part of the article, the systemic language material from all the relevant dictionaries of the Serbian (Serbo-Croatian language) is considered on the data related to the main lexem folk, wich names the concept, its synonyms, hypernyms, co-hyponyms, semantic and grammatical derivatives, attributes and collocations. It was found that the seme of ?community? (of people) appears as the superior term (hypernym) for this concept in the definitions. The content of the concept of the FOLK has been reconstructed by pointing to relevant aspects (biological/genetic, social/political/ economic, physical) and thus reffering to basic values that are generally positive in the Serbian language.
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Chun', Yumi. „Lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”“. Филология: научные исследования, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36538.
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Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.
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CROCHEMORE, MAXIME, LAURA GIAMBRUNO und ALESSIO LANGIU. „ON-LINE CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL AUTOMATON FOR A FINITE SET OF WORDS“. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, Nr. 02 (Februar 2012): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400138.
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In this paper we describe a "light" algorithm for the on-line construction of a small automaton recognising a finite set of words. The algorithm runs in linear time. We carried out good experimental results on real dictionaries, on biological sequences and on the sets of suffixes (resp. factors) of a set of words that shows how our automaton is near to the minimal one. For the suffixes of a text, we propose a modified construction that leads to an even smaller automaton. We moreover construct linear algorithms for the insertion and deletion of a word in a finite set, directly from the constructed automaton.
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Fetsko, Ivanna. „UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONAL TERMINOGRAPHY IN ITS CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE THREELINGUAL EDITIONS OF XXI CENTURY)“. Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, Nr. 13(81) (26.05.2022): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-150-153.
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The modern intensive development of education, science, technology and art on a world scale has led to a global expansion of scientific contacts and an increase of the amount of scientific literature, which in the independent Ukraine was expressed in the urgent need to create Ukrainian-language industry-based translation and explanatory dictionaries. The concept of the industry-based vocabulary was revealed, and the experience of compiling trilingual branch-based vocabularies of the XXI century was analyzed in the present manuscript. At the beginning of the third millennium, there is an over-interest in the foreign languages in Ukraine. This could be traced in the economic, business and financial spheres. Taking into account the needs of the public, a trilingual English-Russian-Ukrainian dictionary of economics and finance and a trilingual dictionary of tax, financial and legal terms were created for the first time in Ukrainian science. The first lexicographic work in Ukrainian studies that covered the most commonly used Ukrainian biological terms and its correspondents in Russian and English is a dictionary of Ukrainian biological terminology. A qualitative source of the information of basic knowledge in economic theory is the Ukrainian-Russian-English terms dictionary of this field. The Ukrainian-Russian-English Dictionary of scientific and technical terms for mechanical engineering was called to provide the most accurate translation of scientific and technical terms into Russian and English. The trilingual dictionary of modern law terminology has been prepared for Ukrainian practicing or future lawyers. The trilingual dictionary for physicists implements the urgent need to lead to the correspondence the basic physical terminology that functions in the modern scientific circulation. The principles of dictionaries compiling were defined, and the necessity of their publication was substantiated. The main attention was paid to the scientific value of the works that is caused by the needs of modern Ukrainian terminography.
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Palakal, Mathew, Matthew Stephens, Snehasis Mukhopadhyay, Rajeev Raje und Simon Rhodes. „Identification of Biological Relationships from Text Documents Using Efficient Computational Methods“. Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 01, Nr. 02 (Juli 2003): 307–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720003000137.
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The biological literature databases continue to grow rapidly with vital information that is important for conducting sound biomedical research and development. The current practices of manually searching for information and extracting pertinent knowledge are tedious, time-consuming tasks even for motivated biological researchers. Accurate and computationally efficient approaches in discovering relationships between biological objects from text documents are important for biologists to develop biological models. The term "object" refers to any biological entity such as a protein, gene, cell cycle, etc. and relationship refers to any dynamic action one object has on another, e.g. protein inhibiting another protein or one object belonging to another object such as, the cells composing an organ. This paper presents a novel approach to extract relationships between multiple biological objects that are present in a text document. The approach involves object identification, reference resolution, ontology and synonym discovery, and extracting object-object relationships. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), dictionaries, and N-Gram models are used to set the framework to tackle the complex task of extracting object-object relationships. Experiments were carried out using a corpus of one thousand Medline abstracts. Intermediate results were obtained for the object identification process, synonym discovery, and finally the relationship extraction. For the thousand abstracts, 53 relationships were extracted of which 43 were correct, giving a specificity of 81 percent. These results are promising for multi-object identification and relationship finding from biological documents.
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Idelevich, Aizman Roman, und Iglina Nina Grigorievna. „Study the Morphological and Physiological Disciplines in Pedagogical Universities with the Use of Information and Communication Technologies“. Research and Advances in Education 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/rae.2023.01.01.
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The directions of the educational process organization in the pedagogical university for studying biological courses “Morphology and Physiology” are presented in the paper. Various forms of organization of this process with the use of information technologies are proposed. They include the following forms: electronic textbooks, videos with lectures and experimental practical works, histological preparations, atlas of embryology and histology, electronic manuals and workbooks, electronic dictionaries, tests for self-controlling knowledge. The use of the above components allows to individualize the learning process, to increase the interest of students in the study of these disciplines and the efficiency of the educational process; to eliminate the psychological barrier among students with different level of knowledge; to provide students with modern necessary learning material, and by this way to prepare them for future pedagogical work.
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Musselman, Lytton John. „The botanical activities of George Edward Post (1838–1909)“. Archives of Natural History 33, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2006): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.282.
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George Edward Post wrote the first flora of the Middle East in English. His other botanical activities are less familiar. In addition to the flora, this paper discusses his teaching, fieldwork, contribution to Bible dictionaries, relations with the Boissier Herbarium in Geneva, establishment of the herbarium, and letters. Those letters are used here for the first time. Post corresponded with botanical luminaries of his day including Autran, Baker, Balfour, Barbey, Boissier, Bornmüller, Carruthers, Denslow, Haussknecht, Hooker, Schweinfurth, Thistleton-Dyer, Torrey, and Winkler. His long-term relationship with the herbarium at Geneva is highlighted. In addition, some of the lesser understood aspects of his life including chaplaincy during the American Civil War, and missionary to Syria are discussed.
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Mitrenga, Barbara. „O wybranych dźwiękonaśladowczych czasownikach związanych z czynnością jedzenia oraz ich nacechowaniu ekspresywnym we współczesnej polszczyźnie“. Poradnik Językowy, Nr. 10/2023(809) (15.01.2024): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2023.10.4.
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This article discusses the topic of echoic verbs related to the act of eating in the context of their expressive nature in contemporary Polish. The author pays attention to verbs that, according to Maciej Mączyński, indicate the “piggish” model of eating (including ciamkać, glamać, mlaskać, siorbać), verifies which of them are noticed in modern general dictionaries of the Polish language with meanings related to food, and analyses the microstructure of the entries, pointing to indications of the expressive nature of the verbs. She refers the conclusions on the contemporary expressive nature of the analysed verbs to the findings of psychologists regarding misophonia. Moreover, she bases them on observing new phenomena and trends on the Internet, including ASMR, mukbangs, and food challenges. The analysis of contexts has shown that the today’s aƫ tude to the sounds made while eating is diff erentiated and determined by biological, cultural, psychological, and social factors.
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OVCHARENKO, O., N. KUSHPIL und I. KOLECHKINA. „PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAUGE TRAINING IN THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES BY FOREIGN STUDENTS“. ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, Nr. 28 (31.12.2021): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2021.28.250366.
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The article analyzes the key aspects of psychological and pedagogical features of language training in the study of biological disciplines by foreign students of The Educational and Research Center for Foreign Citizens Training of Poltava State Medical University. The basic issues of studying the language of biological disciplines as a tool of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of foreign students to the Ukrainian educational environment are outlined. The main problems that cause an unfavourable level of adaptive capacity of foreign students to the educational process at the propaedeutic stage are revealed. The authors prove the effectiveness of taking into account the individual speech competencies of foreigners as a basis for further professional training in the favourable educational environment. The main problems that determine the proper level of adaptive capacity of foreign students to the educational process at the propaedeutic stage are identified: low level of speech competence, insufficient level of knowledge of natural sciences, lack of motivation of most foreigners to study natural sciences. Based on experience, measures to overcome these problems are presented. Research is guided by the principles of communicative methods and based on interdisciplinary coordination. There are adapted textbooks in natural sciences in Ukrainian / Russian / English, multilingual dictionaries, guidelines for laboratory work with recommendations for generalization and systematization of knowledge. In order to form an internal motivation to learn and establish effective cooperation and understanding in the group, an individual approach to each student is taken into account.
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Chen, Xingjian, Xuejiao Hu, Wenxin Yi, Xiang Zou und Wei Xue. „Prediction of Apoptosis Protein Subcellular Localization with Multilayer Sparse Coding and Oversampling Approach“. BioMed Research International 2019 (30.01.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2436924.
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The prediction of apoptosis protein subcellular localization plays an important role in understanding the progress in cell proliferation and death. Recently computational approaches to this issue have become very popular, since the traditional biological experiments are so costly and time-consuming that they cannot catch up with the growth rate of sequence data anymore. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of apoptosis protein subcellular localization, we proposed a sparse coding method combined with traditional feature extraction algorithm to complete the sparse representation of apoptosis protein sequences, using multilayer pooling based on different sizes of dictionaries to integrate the processed features, as well as oversampling approach to decrease the influences caused by unbalanced data sets. Then the extracted features were input to a support vector machine to predict the subcellular localization of the apoptosis protein. The experiment results obtained by Jackknife test on two benchmark data sets indicate that our method can significantly improve the accuracy of the apoptosis protein subcellular localization prediction.
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Zhuikova, Marharyta V., und Alina I. Yodlovska. „On the Problem of Constructing Definitions of Specific Nominal Lexis (Flora and Fauna)“. Voprosy leksikografii, Nr. 19 (2021): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/19/3.
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The article discusses two approaches to the dictionary interpretation of specific nominal vocabulary, i.e. logical-rationalistic and psychological. In the traditional approach to the construction of interpretations, which is consistent with the scientific paradigm of structuralism, it is believed that the definition should include only those semantic components that ensure the delimitation of this meaning from the meaning of all other units of the language (E. Bendix); this requirement is fulfilled by creating a definition from a set of necessary and sufficient features. The aim of this article is to find out whether it is possible to construct definitions based on these requirements for groups of specific vocabulary related to flora and fauna, as well as to identify other approaches to the dictionary description of meanings of words of this group. The research material is an array of definitions from 17 explanatory dictionaries of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Italian, English, and German. The main research method is semantic and comparative analysis of dictionary definitions. The research has revealed that the interpretation of lexis denoting flora and fauna rarely meet the declared requirements.For example, in the twelve considered definitions of the word linden and its equivalents in other languages, nineteen semantic components are used in total, and their number in different dictionaries ranges from three to eight. None of the interpretations provide an unmistakable recognition of this word and contain a set of necessary and sufficient features. The reason for this phenomenon is due to the fact that names of most biological objects refer to stochastic lexis, which cannot be described through a set of distinguishing features due to the peculiarities of the content of the corresponding concepts. One can find a different approach to the definition of names from flora and fauna groups in practical lexicography. The authors of dictionary definitions rely on the most significant, relevant features of the class of realias, i.e. form an interpretation of those characteristics that often fall into the focus of attention of the ordinary native speaker. In many cases the definition includes those signs of realias that are significant for the national cultural tradition. Thus, in constructing definitions of specific lexis from the group of biological objects, practical lexicography is based on a psychological, rather than logical-rationalistic, approach to the dictionary definition, which is consistent with the new cognitive paradigm in linguistics.
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Gaidamashko, Roman V. „Manuscript Monuments of the Komi-Permyak Writing of the 18th – Early 20th Century: Creation History and Archaeographic Description Concept“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 3 (2023): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-675-686.
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The article is devoted to handwritten documents of the 18th – early 20th century containing Komi-Permyak language material. Although archives and libraries in Russia and abroad hold many well-known, but unstudied manuscripts, and information on previously unknown documents continues to appear, study of the manuscript traditions of various Permyak languages in general, and of the Komi-Permyak in particular, remains lacunar. There is no archaeographic and palaeographic description of documents, which should precede textual and linguistic analysis of the manuscripts and their subsequent publication. The study is to offer a brief overview of the history of the Komi-Permyak language written monuments of the 18th – early 20th century and to develop a concept of their archaeographic description. The first part of the article outlines the main milestones in the history of the Komi-Permyak manuscript tradition, indicating types and authors of the written monuments: (1) the century of travelers and scientific expeditions (N. Witsen 1641–1717, Ph. J. von Strahlenberg 1676–1747, D. G. Messerschmidt 1685–1735, J. E. Fischer 1697–1771, G. F. M?ller 1705–83, I. I. Lepekhin 1740–1802); (2) the era of Catherine II (Nikita Ovchinnikov, A. I. Popov 1748–88); (3) the first half of the 19th century (Georgy Chechulin, F. F. Lyubimov 1779/1780–1851, F. A. Volegov 1790–1856); (4) the time of the first printed books (P. M. Sorokin 1860–95, A. F. Teploukhov 1880–1943). All manuscripts fall into the following genres: (1) dictionaries of the Komi-Permyak language; (2) Permyak dictionaries included in multilingual collections; (3) grammatical essays on the Komi-Permyak language; (4) translations of religious texts (Gospels, prayers) into the Permyak. The second part of the article, taking into account specifics of the Komi-Permyak writing manuscript monuments and time of their creation, proposes to consider the following elements in their archaeographic description: (1) place of storage, code, date; (2) name; (3) volume, format; (4) binding; (5) numbering; (6) filigree, stamps; (7) notebooks; (8) handwriting; (9) records, labels; (10) Russian graphics and spelling; (11) Komi-Permyak graphics and spelling; (12) content; (13) additional information; (14) history of manuscript description and its study; (15) bibliography. In the course of archaeographic description, the history of the Komi-Permyak writing and manuscript tradition is reconstructed; links between various Finno-Ugric manuscripts are established; previously unknown monuments of the Finno-Ugric writing and new facts regarding dating of various papers of the 18th–19th centuries come to light.
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Saifudin, Akhmad. „Konseptualisasi Citra Hara ‘Perut’ dalam Idiom Bahasa Jepang“. Japanese Research on Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 1, Nr. 1 (28.11.2018): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jr.v1i1.2130.
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Hara simply means belly, but for Japanese people it means more than physical. Hara is a concept, an important concept related to Japanese human life. This paper discusses the conceptualization of hara image for Japanese people. The study utilizes 25 idioms that contain hara ‘belly’ word that are obtained from several dictionaries of Japanese idioms. This paper is firmly grounded in cognitive linguistics, which relates linguistic expressions to human cognitive experience. The tool for analysis employed in this paper is the “conceptual metaphor theory” pioneered by Lakoff and Johnson. This theory considers human perception, parts of the body, and people’s worldview as the basis for the structure of human language. The analysis of this paper results that metaphorically, hara ‘belly’ is an entity and a container, which contains important elements for humans, such as life, mind, feeling, mentality, and physical. The concept of hara 'belly' for Japanese people is to have a spiritual, psychological, social and cultural, biological, and physical image. Keywords: conceptualization, conceptual metaphor, hara ‘belly’, idioms, imagee.
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KOZORIZ, O. „Creating own linguistic corpora“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Oriental Languages and Literatures, Nr. 27 (2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-242x.2021.27.6-12.
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The problem of creation of own corpora of parallel texts of large volumes is investigated in the article. The technique and criteria of construction of parallel linguistic corpora are offered. As a result of our research, we created a combined corpus of 3,850,000 pairs of sentences or 65 million words of the English part, which is 10 % of the known COCA corpus or GRAC corpus. Methods for downloading material for the corpus based on the frequency list, terminological dictionaries, as well as frequency lists of words of previously self-created corpora proved to be effective. Theoretical investigations and practical researches for normalization of the corpus are carried out. The type / token ratio, the automatic readability index ARI, the average sentence length ASL, etc. were effective for the study of the corpus. The construction of graphs of the distribution of vocabulary by frequency and length of sentences in the corpus clearly illustrates the results of our research, effectively represents the material. We can also talk about the successful experience of creating narrow specialized terminological corpora as opposed to terminological dictionaries for further research of functional features, sentence models of a particular terminological system. Medical and biological corpora (about 500 thousand pairs of sentences each), as well as a polytechnic corpora for 1.3 million were compiled. A total of eight corpora were compiled, for five of them the total number of characters, words and sentences in the corpus with the corresponding summary table was calculated; the average length of sentences ASL was determined, the automatic readability index ARI were determined, the ratio type/token ratio TTR was calculated. For each corpora frequency lists of vocabulary are made, the total amount of unique vocabulary is calculated and the corresponding logarithmic graphs are constructed; proposed method of analysis of the distribution of vocabulary of the frequency dictionary of the text on the basis of graphs by dividing them into three parts: initial, middle and tail – is considered promising for us.
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Yi, Xueneng, und Hanqiang Cao. „A FAST VISUAL GREEDY SPARSE APPROXIMATION VIA IMPROVED LEARNED DICTIONARY“. Journal of Biological Systems 18, spec01 (Oktober 2010): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339010003615.
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Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) is an effective solution to sparse approximation based on redundant dictionary, but there are plenty of matrix-vector multiplications in order to seek for the most matching atom. This full search scheme can consume much CPU time, especially for high dimension data such as image. Although some existing schemes proposed some accelerating methods by exploiting the property of atoms in parametric dictionary, they cannot be extended to other dictionaries, especially learned dictionary. Considering statistical nature of atoms in learned dictionary, this paper proposes a novel method which utilizes modified K-mean algorithm to cluster all the atoms in the learned dictionary while sufficiently considering the inner product operation between every two atoms, determines the class in which the desired atom locates and finally find it in the class. Some analyses and experiments have shown the success of the method. In addition, this paper gives some empirical analysis of the effect of related parameters of indexed dictionary.
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KALIZHANOVA, Anna, Taissiya MARYSHKINA, Margarita ISHMURATOVA, Bayan IBRAYEVA und Kurmangazy SEMBIYEV. „INTEGRATING THE LINGUOCULTURAL COMPONENT AND MIND-MAP METHOD TO DEVELOP A TRILINGUAL E-DICTIONARY OF BIOLOGICAL TERMS“. Periódico Tchê Química 17, Nr. 34 (20.03.2020): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.436_p34_pgs_412_424.pdf.
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The national project Trinity of Languages announced in Kazakhstan has brought forward multilingual education throughout the country. The project requires the implementation of rigorous learning tools to master the Kazakh, Russian and English languages within trilingualism. An e-dictionary to be used in content and language integrated learning is among modern e-tools promoted in a trilingual school environment. A user-friendly biological e-dictionary will help high school learners grasp fundamental concepts in natural sciences. The article aims to describe how to analyze and systemize the lexicographic material selected for developing a trilingual e-dictionary of biological terms for Kazakhstani school learners. Determining sources of vocabulary chosen was based upon a linguocultural approach, which highlights the cultural aspect embodied in the language, and mind-mapping, which allows deconstructing complex topics graphically. Twenty-eight items were selected to cover the biology school course, which was later analyzed and systemized to consistently present generic and species features via mind-mapping. Then organic unification of the items and compositional parameters of the e-dictionary were determined. The obtained findings show that a linguocultural component is embedded in a trilingual e-dictionary of biological terms that are taken from relevant Kazakh and Russian school textbooks (grades 6–11). The selected items are classified and subject to linguocultural analysis in conceptual groups which may show phytonyms and zoonima. The items are supplied with an adequate linguocultural commentary taken from English-language reference books and websites. The conceptual groups and linguistic analysis are displayed via the mind map Coggle used for the e-dictionary frame formation. The proposed linguocultural component embedded in the edictionary is rare in other existing trilingual e-dictionaries since they focus primarily on lexicographic material and their visual representation. Overall, the trilingual e-dictionary created in mind-mapping software is an effective etool for high school learners to study biological terms with their linguocultural commentaries.
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Epanchintsev, R. V., und E. E. Zabusova. „ANIMAL IMAGES IN GEORG TRACKL’S POETRY“. Juvenis Scientia, Nr. 5 (2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.05.07.
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The article analyzes the images of animals in lyrical works of the famous Austrian expressionist poet Georg Trakl. Animals are the representatives of the biological kingdom of the same name. The images of mammals, as well as the images of insects, birds, and a worm are sequentially considered. There are twelve representatives. The images of animals are analyzed as elements of the artistic world of the works of the poet, which determines the novelty of the conclusions of this article. Each of the animals, according to the hypothesis, has a symbolic meaning, and the meaning is very stable, it moves from one poetic work to another. The symbolic meanings of the images of the animal kingdom in the poems of Georg Trakl are generally consistent with those established in common European culture, as evidenced by reference to the dictionaries of symbols (four authoritative sources are used). The authors reveal the semantic content of the image of each animal in specific texts, and compare it with the interpretation of its symbolic meaning in culture. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the coincidence of the full or partial semantic meaning of images in European culture (literature) and in Trakl's poems.
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Singh, Balbir, und Hiroaki Wagatsuma. „A Removal of Eye Movement and Blink Artifacts from EEG Data Using Morphological Component Analysis“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1861645.
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EEG signals contain a large amount of ocular artifacts with different time-frequency properties mixing together in EEGs of interest. The artifact removal has been substantially dealt with by existing decomposition methods known as PCA and ICA based on the orthogonality of signal vectors or statistical independence of signal components. We focused on the signal morphology and proposed a systematic decomposition method to identify the type of signal components on the basis of sparsity in the time-frequency domain based on Morphological Component Analysis (MCA), which provides a way of reconstruction that guarantees accuracy in reconstruction by using multiple bases in accordance with the concept of “dictionary.” MCA was applied to decompose the real EEG signal and clarified the best combination of dictionaries for this purpose. In our proposed semirealistic biological signal analysis with iEEGs recorded from the brain intracranially, those signals were successfully decomposed into original types by a linear expansion of waveforms, such as redundant transforms: UDWT, DCT, LDCT, DST, and DIRAC. Our result demonstrated that the most suitable combination for EEG data analysis was UDWT, DST, and DIRAC to represent the baseline envelope, multifrequency wave-forms, and spiking activities individually as representative types of EEG morphologies.
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Myers, Charles W., und Richard B. Stothers. „The myth of Hylas revisited: the frog name Hyla and other commentary on Specimen medicum (1768) of J. N. Laurenti, the “father of herpetology”“. Archives of Natural History 33, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2006): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.241.
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Laurenti's (1768) Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium is the source for the class name Reptilia and for many common genera, including Hyla, whose derivation is given incorrectly in dictionaries and source books. Laurenti explicitly based Hyla on the mythological boy Hylas, quoting Virgil's Eclogues in a long footnote abbreviated from Servius, the fourth-century Latin commentator on Virgil. Laurenti recognized the boy's name as masculine, but unambiguously treated the genus Hyla as feminine – a puzzling transfer of gender allowable by the modern Code of zoological nomenclature. An overview is provided of the taxonomy of Specimen medicum. Most of Laurenti's 28 generic names were obtained from earlier sources, including Linnaean species names, among them Rana hyla. Laurenti saw specimens for nearly a third of 242 included species. Other species, including twelve taxa ostensibly based solely on specimens, came from descriptions and especially illustrations in sixteenth- to eighteenth-century publications. Laurenti's taxonomic sources, variably abbreviated and usually undated, are identified and referenced. Authors have misinterpreted the literature basis for Laurenti's genus Caudiverbera, the type species of which is mythical, belonging neither to the Amphibia nor Reptilia.
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Ledouble, Hélène, und Peggy Cadel. „De la définition juridique à la définition journalistique : complexités interprétatives dans le domaine du biocontrôle“. Fachsprache 44, Nr. 1-2 (29.04.2022): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v44i1-2.1914.
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This article explores the complex relation between science and the media, and how scientific knowledge circulates outside the realm of specialists. It focuses on contextual definitions related to biological control (biocontrôle in French) in press articles, and the reader capacity to (re)build scientific information or knowledge based on media discourse.
After introducing the emergence of the term in reference dictionaries and legal sources, we proceed to a twofold analysis of biocontrol definitions in the corpus (focusing on the relations of hyponymy and instrument/method). We first present a lexico-syntactic analysis of definitional cues that enable any non-expert reader to access definitions of the term. We then proceed to a semantic analysis of definitions, focusing on two different discursive strategies used by the media. Journalists either borrow reference terms (and synonyms) from official terminological sources or create ad hoc categories to simplify definitions with more accessible referents to press readers. Our goal is to show that the various categories involved in these definitions may hinder the understanding of the notion by the lay citizen (on the local scale), and potentially constitute an obstacle to well-informed decision-making about pressing issues such as environmental protection (on the global scale).
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TRIASE, TRIASE. „DESAIN APLIKASI PENCOCOKAN STRING PADA KAMUS ISTILAH SEL (BIOLOGI) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BOYER MOORE“. KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan 1, Nr. 2 (01.06.2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v1i2.1600.
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Science is an important part of man because it plays a major role in changing the mindset of man. Education is a human medium for gaining knowledge. The world of education, especially biology is a science that studies the knowledge of living things in the universe consists of humans, plants and animals, they have a cell with a unique name and very difficult to remember. Dictionaries are books containing terms, meanings and words used as a tool to translate the language. The dictionary is usually physically always thick so that when taken will be heavy and takes place. Bioinformatics is defined as the application of computational tools and analysis to capture and interpret biological data. The design of a cell term dictionary application so that it is easily searched for its cell term is part of the result of bioinformatics, and to generate a computerized search term that is difficult to use Boyer Moore algorithm. The Boyer Moore algorithm is the best string matching algorithm due to its ability to quickly match the searched strings. Application of Bayor Moore algorithm in dictionary application required design of process model using DFD and design database can be easily implemented to application system
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Vídeňská, Denisa. „In Captivity of the Body: Intersex(-uality) in the First Half of the 20th Century“. Theatrum historiae, Nr. 31 (24.05.2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.46585/th.2023.31.05.
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The paper focuses on the issue of intersexuality in the Czech medical discourse during the first half of the 20th century, when the term “intersex”, which is officially used today and distinct from intersexuality, did not yet exist. Intersexuality can be understood as a universal category within which doctors linked various other issues, such as hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, and homosexuality. Doctors attempted to label the variability of the human body, but were heavily influenced by their own ideas of the “ideal” male and female body and unable to think beyond these binary categories. In the past, any deviation from the normative was often considered a disease. Dictionaries and medical manuals were used to develop theoretical understandings of these concepts. The study also examines the literary work of the Czech physician Emil Tréval (a.k.a. Walter), who, in his novel Maia, presented the story of a man who was born as a hermaphrodite and struggled with this stigma throughout the plot. The second example refers to a real-life case of a person identified as a man in society, despite being born with a female biological body, referred to by doctors with the initials A.H. The doctors labelled A.H. as homosexual and a transvestite, which we now consider to be incorrect from a modern perspective.
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Nelson, E. Charles. „Katherine Sophia Baily (Lady Kane) and The Irish Flora (1833)“. Archives of Natural History 46, Nr. 1 (April 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0552.
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When she was only 22 years old, Katherine Sophia Baily published, anonymously, a pocketable account of the native flora of Ireland. While her name was not on the title-page, it was evidently not a secret and was soon revealed in several Irish periodicals. The following year, 1834, Miss Baily also published two articles on arboriculture in Ireland, but nothing else, as far as can be ascertained. She was the first woman admitted to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh shortly after its founding in 1836, and was the first woman to put together a flora (preceding Mary Kirby's 1850 Flora of Leicestershire). Little has been published about Katherine Baily (1811–1886) apart from general entries in standard biographical dictionaries and bibliographies. Common to most of these is the statement that she was “of Newbury, Berkshire”, but that is not confirmed by details given in a genealogical account of the Baily family of Berkshire. Also unstated is the fact that she belonged to the Roman Catholic church, causing one Irish reviewer to remark that she was “a young lady, a native, and …, we understand, a member of that anti-botanical church”. In 1838 Katherine married the Irish scientist Robert John Kane, and when he was knighted in 1846 she became Lady Kane. Conferva kaneana McCalla was intended to honour her.
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Kim, Jong-chan, und Seung Han. „A Study on the Classification of the Term “Wuyi”“. Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 84 (31.08.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2023.08.84.1.
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There are lots of words of “Wu + Abstract nouns.” one of these is “Wuyi”.One of the most popular dictionaries for Chinese is Xiandai Hanyu Cidian. This dictionary classifies “Wuyi” as a verb. However, I disagree with this classification.First of all, we can analyze verbs into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs . The former has the ability to take objects. “Wuyi” does not take objects. Consequently, it cannot a transitive verb.The alternative is that “Wuyi” is an intransitive verb. Generally speaking, intransitive verbs tend to be verbs related to an action or behavior. However, according to my research, “Wu + Abstract nouns” like “You + Abstract nouns” is not related with action or behavior. This suggests that “Wuyu” is not an intransitive verb.On the other hand, what “Wuyi” does describe are the properties of status of people or things. In doing so, it actually has the characteristic of an adjective.So, lots of dictionaries like Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, Xiandai Hanyu Fenlei Cidian, Xiandai Hanyu Changyongci Yongfa Cidian and others argue that “Wuyi” is an adjective. Despite this, there is another phenomenon. This is the adverbial usuage of “Wuyi”. This kind of usuage is ubiquitous in Modern Chinese. Furthermore, “Wuyi” is mainly used adverbial , it also has the manner of speaking “Surely”, “Certainly”. This feather of “Wuyi” is deeply related with adverbs. So I argue that “Wuyi” can also be classified as an adverb.HSK Ciyu Yongfa Xiangjie argues that “Wuyi” is only a adverb╶not an adjective. I partly agree with this assessment. My opinion is that “Wuyi” fits the adjective and adverb classification.
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Essack, Magbubah, Adil Salhi, Julijana Stanimirovic, Faroug Tifratene, Arwa Bin Raies, Arnaud Hungler, Mahmut Uludag et al. „Literature-Based Enrichment Insights into Redox Control of Vascular Biology“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (16.05.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1769437.
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In cellular physiology and signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play one of the most critical roles. ROS overproduction leads to cellular oxidative stress. This may lead to an irrecoverable imbalance of redox (oxidation-reduction reaction) function that deregulates redox homeostasis, which itself could lead to several diseases including neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In this study, we focus on the redox effects related to vascular systems in mammals. To support research in this domain, we developed an online knowledge base, DES-RedoxVasc, which enables exploration of information contained in the biomedical scientific literature. The DES-RedoxVasc system analyzed 233399 documents consisting of PubMed abstracts and PubMed Central full-text articles related to different aspects of redox biology in vascular systems. It allows researchers to explore enriched concepts from 28 curated thematic dictionaries, as well as literature-derived potential associations of pairs of such enriched concepts, where associations themselves are statistically enriched. For example, the system allows exploration of associations of pathways, diseases, mutations, genes/proteins, miRNAs, long ncRNAs, toxins, drugs, biological processes, molecular functions, etc. that allow for insights about different aspects of redox effects and control of processes related to the vascular system. Moreover, we deliver case studies about some existing or possibly novel knowledge regarding redox of vascular biology demonstrating the usefulness of DES-RedoxVasc. DES-RedoxVasc is the first compiled knowledge base using text mining for the exploration of this topic.
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Lykholat, Yu V., S. V. Pyda, V. P. Karpenko, M. M. Barna und L. S. Barna. „ПАМ’ЯТІ ВИДАТНОГО УЧЕНОГО-БІОЛОГА, ПРОФЕСОРА, ЧЛЕН-КОРЕСПОНДЕНТА НАН УКРАЇНИ, ЗАСЛУЖЕНОГО ДІЯЧА НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ ГРИГОРЮКА ІВАНА ПАНАСОВИЧА“. Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 82, Nr. 1-2 (01.06.2022): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.22.1-2.12.
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On May 19, 2022, the heart of the famous biologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, and corresponding member of the NAN of Ukraine, Honored Science and Technology Officer Hryhoriuk Ivan Panasovych stopped beating.
Ivan Panasovych was born on October 24, 1941, in the village of Toporivtsi of the Novoselytsia district, Chernivtsi region. After graduating from school, he entered the Faculty of Biology of the University of Chernivtsi, graduating in 1965 with a degree in Plant Physiology and qualified as a biologist, plant physiologist, and teacher of biology and chemistry. He was doing his postgraduate studies from 1966 to 1969 at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), where he was employed until 2005. He was the Candidate in Biological Sciences since 1978, Doctor of Biological Sciences since 1996, Professor since 2000.
In 2005 Ivan Panasovych, Professor of Ecobiotechnology and Biodiversity, was appointed the Director of the NNC of Biotechnology, Biotech Service, and Bioenergy Conversion of the National Agricultural University. In 2007 he headed the Educational and Scientific Institute for Nature Conservation and Biotechnology and at the same time worked as a professor at the Department of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biomonitoring of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine (NUBIP).
He is one of the founders of a scientific school in Ukraine for the study of theoretical and experimental physiology of regulatory systems of water exchange, physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of stability, and adaptation of cultivated plants to environmental stressors.
Corresponding Member of the NAN of Ukraine I. P. Hryhoriuk – author and co-author of more than 1000 scientific, educational and popular scientific works, including 35 monographs, 10 books, and brochures, 5 textbooks, 3 dictionaries, 630 articles (50 of them – abroad), 34 certificates and patents for inventions and 68 scientific and practical recommendations and guidelines, most of which are introduced into production. He was the scientific director of 12 candidate and a scientific consultant for 5 doctoral dissertations.
For his conscientious work I. P. Hryhoriuk was awarded many national awards. On June 5, 2009, by the Decree of the President of Ukraine I. P. Hryhoriuk was awarded the honorary title «Honored figure of science and technology of Ukraine» for a significant personal contribution to solving environmental problems and preservation of the environment. He was a winner of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology in 2011.
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Udayana, I. Nyoman. „NASALIZATION IN BALINESE VERBS/PENASALAN VERBA BAHASA BALI“. Aksara 32, Nr. 2 (03.01.2021): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v32i2.643.339-348.
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Abstract Balinese has two forms in relation to nasal pre xes. First, the initial segment of the verb root can be assimilated with the homorganic nasal and both coalesce. Second, the nasal pre x still assimilates with the rst segment of the verb root but forms a CC cluster. The data source of this study is Balinese dictionaries and analyzed by Optimality Theoretic (OT) so it was found that the af x nasal did not form a cluster with the rst segment of the verb root uniformly occurred in verbs where the rst segment is obstruent both voiced and voiceless while the one forming the cluster is the rst segment of a verb root which is realized by a sonorant. The rst phenomenon can be handled by the constraint * NC (obs) while the second one by violates linearity constraint, namely, Align-L (root) constraint. OT analysis also predicts that the ungrammaticality of an output verb structure ngmaang ‘to give’ due to fact that the correct underlying form baang is confused with its corresponding surface form. Keywords: nasalization, obstruent, sonorant, OT analysis Abstrak Bahasa Bali mempunyai dua bentuk dalam kaitannya dengan pre x nasal. Pertama, segmen awal dari akar verba bisa berasimilasi dengan nasal yang homorganik dan keduanya berkoalisi. Kedua, nasal pre ks masih berasimilasi dengan segmen pertama akar verba, tetapi membentuk klaster CC. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah Kamus Bahasa Bali dan dianalisis dengan Optimality Theoretic (OT) sehingga didapatkan bahwa nasal a ks yang tidak membentuk klaster dengan segmen pertama akar verba secara seragam hanya terjadi pada verba yang mana segmen pertamanya adalah obstruent, baik bersuara maupun tak bersuara sedangkan yang membentuk klaster adalah segmen pertama verba yang direalisasikan oleh segmen bertipe sonorant. Yang pertama bisa ditangani oleh konstrein *NC (obs), sedangkan yang kedua adalah secara jelas melangggar konstrein linieritas, yaitu Align-L (root). Analisis OT juga memprediksi ketidakgramatikalan bentuk-output verba ngmaang ‘memberi’ yang bentuk dasarnya yang benar adalah baang dikacaukan dengan bentuk output-nya. Kata kunci: penasalan, hambatan, sonoran, Analisis OT
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Zulhamdi, Zulhamdi. „Radha’ah in the Perspective of Tafsir Al-Misbah“. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.6419.
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Providing decent food (breastmilk) to support the growth of children is one of the obligations of their parents and it is the gift that is given to a mother by Allah (God). This research is library research (literature research), which uses the interpretation of the Tafsir Al Misbah, the literature from books, journals, dictionaries, and other papers related to this research. It has been proven that breast milk is the best food for babies because of the diverse and complete nutritional content. The main content of breastmilk is 88% of the water that removes excess solute. Breast milk also contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, hormones, and growth factors. According to Quraish Shihab, radha’ah is interpreted as breastfeeding. In this case, he interpreted radha’ah as breastfeeding although breastfeeding recommendations in surah al-Baqarah is in the form of Khabar (information/news), but it means an order which obliges all mothers to carry out breastfeeding for up to two years with the responsibility of fathers in providing the needs of the family. However, it is permissible for parents to wean their children before two years if this can be bothersome, and it is also permissible for parents to let their children breastfed by other than their biological mothers if the mother is unable to breastfeed her child by herself. However, babies that are breastfeeding from other women will form a nasab (lineage) which means the baby will be forbidden to get married to a child of the woman that breastfed the baby.
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Naumchuk, N. S. „GENERAL CATEGORIES OF SHAME: ONTOGENESIS, EARLY RELATIONSHIPS, CONSEQUENCES“. PERSONALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD: HEALTH, ADAPTATION, DEVELOPMENT 11, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/humj202311121-34.
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article presents an overview of theoretical and empirical concepts of shame that exist in science and psychological practice. The material includes references to key domestic researches of the second half of 20th century, researches of psychophysiology and social psychology. Biological perspectives on shame, starting with the paper of Ch. Darwin, as well as a phylogenetic response of shame in the infant are reviewed. Psychoanalytic views are the most widely covered. Shame is first used in a title of a publication in 1942 and thereafter appears there only 17 times until 1971. Then the paper on the distinction between shame and guilt emerges. The author provides a vignette depicting their differences. According to the sources on general psychology, psychoanalysis and dictionaries, a set of criteria defining shame is collected and analyzed. An ontogenetic sequence of shame appearance in the individual's life in the theories of S. Freud and E. Erikson is demonstrated. Localization of shame in the structural model is expanded, a number of authors place it between Ego and Ego-Ideal. Also the analysis of the Greek myth is presented as an illustration. Having explored the shame characteristics in different theories, an attempt is made to group shame by attributes including stimulus of occurrence; duration of influence; period of manifestation in ontogenesis; degree of personality coverage on depth and breadth. The following general categories are allocated as a result of the analysis: External–Internal; State–Chronic (trait); Primary–Secondary; Intensity–Extensiveness. They imply complementary ‘and/or’ characteristics in order to create a volumetric portrait of shame and personality.
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Li, Feng, Mingfeng Jiang, Hongzeng Xu, Yi Chen, Feng Chen, Wei Nie und Li Wang. „Data governance and Gensini score automatic calculation for coronary angiography with deep-learning-based natural language extraction“. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 21, Nr. 3 (2024): 4085–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2024180.
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<abstract><p>With the widespread adoption of electronic health records, the amount of stored medical data has been increasing. Clinical data, often in the form of semi-structured or unstructured electronic medical records (EMRs), contains rich patient information. However, due to the use of natural language by physicians when composing these records, the effectiveness of traditional methods such as dictionaries, rule matching, and machine learning in the extraction of information from these unstructured texts falls short of clinical standards. In this paper, a novel deep-learning-based natural language extraction method is proposed to overcome current shortcomings in data governance and Gensini score automatic calculation in coronary angiography. A pre-trained model called bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) with strong text feature representation capabilities is employed as the feature representation layer. It is combined with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and conditional random field (CRF) models to extract both global and local features from the text. The study included an evaluation of the model on a dataset from a hospital in China and it was compared with another model to validate its practical advantages. Hence, the BiLSTM-CRF model was employed to automatically extract relevant coronary angiogram information from EMR texts. The achieved F1 score was 91.19, which is approximately 0.87 higher than the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model.</p></abstract>
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Gouni, Olga, Gabija Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva, Burcu Kömürcü Akik, Annaleena Holopainen und Jean Calleja-Agius. „Childlessness: Concept Analysis“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 3 (27.01.2022): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031464.
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The purpose of this concept analysis is to explore childlessness and provide understanding to professionals involved in the field of infertility. Walker and Avant’s method was used to identify descriptions, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept. A model with related and contrary cases was developed. The analysis was based on the definition of the term in major dictionaries in the Greek, Lithuanian, Finnish, Maltese, and Turkish languages, while further literature searches utilized the Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, Medline, Google Scholar, and National Thesis Databases. The literature search was limited to papers/books published in the authors’ national languages and English. As a result, childlessness is defined as the absence of children in the life of an individual, and this can be voluntary or involuntary. However, the deeper analysis of the concept may be preceded and amplified through cultural, psychological, biological, philosophical, theological, sociological, anthropological, and linguistic aspects throughout history. These elements presented challenges for childless individuals, ultimately influencing their choices to resort to alternative ways of becoming parents, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, adoption, or other forms of childbearing. Historically, childlessness has been viewed with negative connotations due to its potential impact on the survival of the human species. This negativity can be directed even to individuals who may decide to opt to voluntarily remain childfree. The long-term impact of the experience, both on an individual and collective level, continues to cause pain to those who are involuntarily childless. In conclusion, health professionals and other stakeholders who have a deep understanding of childlessness, including the antecedents and attributes, can minimize the potential negative consequences of those factors contributing to childlessness, whether voluntary or involuntary. In fact, they can capitalize on a powerful impact of change adaptation by providing support to those in their practice to recover the lost homeostasis.
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Daulet, Fatimabibi, Farida Orazakynkyzy, Saule Anuar, Ashimbay Nurkassym, Zhanat Zeinolla und Gulnaz Zhunisbek. „ZOOMORPHIC LEXIS AS A FRAGMENT OF THE CHINESE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW (BASED ON CHINESE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS)“. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, Nr. 6 (22.12.2019): 878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76133.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the ethnocultural features of the functioning of Chinese phraseological units with zoomorphic components by describing their lingo cultural properties. The Chinese phraseological units with a zoomorphic component from the liuchu (六畜) group — six domestic animals, whose images occupy a special place in Chinese linguoculturology — were used as linguistic material.
Methodology: In order to describe the internal form of zoomorphisms, the authors used the following methods: semantic identification, providing the possibility to identify individual phraseological meaning with the lexical structure; cognitive interpretation, which is involved in the "decoding" of cultural codes enclosed in phraseological units; The etymological approach is used to determine the primary sources of zoomorphisms, which are figurative dominants of the studied phraseological units.
Main Findings: The authors found that zoonyms as animal names are anthropocentrically oriented and have connotative properties, acting as a means of secondary nomination, they represent an ethnospecific worldview. The authors determined that the ethno specific features of the considered phraseological units are due to the specificity of the linguistic system of the Chinese language, as well as the specifics of the influence of animals on the life of the Chinese ethnos.
Applications: The collected empirical material can be used in classes in linguoculturology and intercultural communication; it can be used while writing textbooks, methodological manuals; to create thesauri, phraseological dictionaries, as well as to clarify the national-cultural specificity and functioning of zoononyms in the linguistic worldview.
Novelty/Originality: The scientific novelty of the work is due to the insufficient study Chinese phraseological units with the zoonym component. The work makes a certain contribution to solving the problem of the functioning of zoononyms in phraseological units, in particular, the study made it possible to trace the influence of extralinguistic factors, such as geographical and biological, as well as globalization processes.
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dos Santos Dantas Lima, Letícia, Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero, Alexandre Indriunas, Ingrid de Souza Santos, Luíza Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro, Kayo Alexandre Souza da Cruz, Adriana Batista de Almeida, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz und Eliana Rodrigues. „The Meaning of Plants’ Names: A New Discovering Approach to Its Medicinal and/or Toxic Properties“. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2024 (19.02.2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6678557.
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Some of the vernacular or scientific names are related to possible medicinal and/or toxic properties that can reveal the presence of potential bioactive agents, contributing to the discovery of new drugs and/or knowledge of the risks associated with their use. This study sought to list the scientific and vernacular names of plants whose lexicons are related to those possible properties of plants and to compare them with the “ethno” (ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological) and pharmacological data available in the scientific literature. A floating reading of the two classical and reference works on Brazilian medicinal plants was performed, and plants with vernacular and/or scientific names related to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties were listed. Correlations between the meanings of the species’ names (lexicon) and their possible biological properties were made from their translation from Latin by consulting dictionaries. A bibliographic survey was conducted on the “ethno” and pharmacological data for each species. Finally, data from these three dimensions (lexicon, “ethno,” and pharmacology) were classified and compared using a bioprospection classification. It resulted in a list of 90 plant species belonging to 47 families. 66 of the 90 species presented “ethno” data from the scientific literature, while 46 species presented pharmacological data. Of these, 46 (69.7%) and 27 (58.7%), respectively, showed equivalence with the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties of plants according to their lexicons. According to this study, half of the plants investigated demonstrate equivalence in the three dimensions analyzed (lexicons, “ethno,” and pharmacological data from the scientific literature). Gastrointestinal and nervous system categories are among the most common in all three dimensions. Plant lexicons may be closely linked to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties and the study of plant lexicons may represent one more approach for the search for new drugs, mainly considering the gastrointestinal, nervous, and parasites categories.
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Fraser, K. C. „Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare200864Benjamin C. Garrett and John Hart. Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. Lanham, MD and Plymouth: Scarecrow Press 2007. xxxvi+261 pp., ISBN: 978 0 8108 5484 0 £56 $85 Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution and Civil Unrest, No. 33“. Reference Reviews 22, Nr. 2 (15.02.2008): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120810854896.
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Ninel, MALYSHEVA. „Folk names of animals and plants in the Yakut language, educated on the basis of “connection with mythological images, beliefs and totemism”“. Epic studies 1, Nr. 33 (29.03.2024): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2782-4861-2024-1-93-102.
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This article is devoted to the study of folk names of animals and plants in the Yakut language, formed on the basis of “connection with mythological images, beliefs and totemism”. The study uses descriptive analysis to identify the connection between language and culture and the main patterns of motivational features of the nomination of wildlife objects; component analysis aimed at considering the formal semantic structure of zoonyms and phytonyms to determine the role of their use. The research material was extracted by continuous sampling from the database of Yakut phytonyms and zoonyms, created over the course of about ten years as part of the preparation of a dissertation on the topic “Vocabulary of wildlife in the Yakut language: onomasiology and etymology”. The database is based on a large amount of linguistic material from various sources: explanatory and dialectal dictionaries, biological books, field definitions with reference material, archival documents, folklore and ethnographic materials. The purpose of this article is to show the dependence of the nomination, use and semiotic status of wildlife objects on their signs and properties. The tokens associated with traditional beliefs and legends have bright markings that reveal the peculiarities of the culture and worldview of the Sakha people. The study found that the names of mythological creatures are used in the composition of complex phytonyms and zoonyms: abaahy (demon), tangara (deity), kut (soul), oyuun (shaman), etc. The images of mythological creatures abaahy “demon, evil spirit” and tangara “deity” are used to denote the negative and positive properties of plants and animal signs: abaahy “demon, evil spirit” in plants expresses venom, in animals – ugliness; tangara “deity” in plants – benefit and beauty, in animals – deification and totemism; it is curious that the kut lexeme “soul” (mainly referring in these nominations to cattle and large wild ungulates) is used in the nomination of beetles and their larvae (in which the mandibles are the most striking morphological feature – apparently a parallel to the horns).
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Lv, Meizhen, Ang Li, Tianli Liu und Tingshao Zhu. „Creating a Chinese suicide dictionary for identifying suicide risk on social media“. PeerJ 3 (15.12.2015): e1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1455.
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Introduction.Suicide has become a serious worldwide epidemic. Early detection of individual suicide risk in population is important for reducing suicide rates. Traditional methods are ineffective in identifying suicide risk in time, suggesting a need for novel techniques. This paper proposes to detect suicide risk on social media using a Chinese suicide dictionary.Methods.To build the Chinese suicide dictionary, eight researchers were recruited to select initial words from 4,653 posts published on Sina Weibo (the largest social media service provider in China) and two Chinese sentiment dictionaries (HowNet and NTUSD). Then, another three researchers were recruited to filter out irrelevant words. Finally, remaining words were further expanded using a corpus-based method. After building the Chinese suicide dictionary, we tested its performance in identifying suicide risk on Weibo. First, we made a comparison of the performance in both detecting suicidal expression in Weibo posts and evaluating individual levels of suicide risk between the dictionary-based identifications and the expert ratings. Second, to differentiate between individuals with high and non-high scores on self-rating measure of suicide risk (Suicidal Possibility Scale, SPS), we built Support Vector Machines (SVM) models on the Chinese suicide dictionary and the Simplified Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (SCLIWC) program, respectively. After that, we made a comparison of the classification performance between two types of SVM models.Results and Discussion.Dictionary-based identifications were significantly correlated with expert ratings in terms of both detecting suicidal expression (r= 0.507) and evaluating individual suicide risk (r= 0.455). For the differentiation between individuals with high and non-high scores on SPS, the Chinese suicide dictionary (t1:F1= 0.48; t2:F1= 0.56) produced a more accurate identification than SCLIWC (t1:F1= 0.41; t2:F1= 0.48) on different observation windows.Conclusions.This paper confirms that, using social media, it is possible to implement real-time monitoring individual suicide risk in population. Results of this study may be useful to improve Chinese suicide prevention programs and may be insightful for other countries.
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Turovska, Liudmyla. „Ukrainian Socio-Political Term System: Origins and Formation“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 4 (2017): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-173-185.
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The article is about socio-and-political terminology and its peculiarities that are caused by linguistic factors which make it different from scientific and technical terminology. It doesn’t have such isolation as another term systems have. Socio-and-political Ukrainian terminology is relatively stable and fixed lexical-semantic system which is in a state of continuous movement and progressive improvement. Сhanges in the political lexicon are documented in written sources, particularly in dictionaries. There is the first lexicographic work which contains military, biological, medical and socio-political terms – Лексикон славено-латинський (Lexicon slavic-latin) by Epiphanii Slavynetskyi (1649). Ukrainian social-and-political terms of the late XIX – early XX cent. are fully revealed by I. Franko in his famous scientific works on the socio-political and socio-economic issues. Socio-political vocabulary simultaneously with other lexical and thematic groups was popular among linguists in the language analysis of individual documental sights by B. Khmelnytskyi, Lviv Stauropegion fraternities, historical-and-memoir prose of the first half of the 19th cent. Ideological differentiation of society in the early 90ies of XX cent. caused the reformation of political speech, that all appeared in the renewal conceptual and formal content. This includes: 1) large ammount of lexical innovations to describe new social and political reality; 2) the process of renaming, converting the key nominations of society, expansion of thematic areas because of previous taboo subject; 3) the emergence of new objects and political nominations; 4) the new rating system, the existence of double assessments of the same phenomenon; 5) changes inside pragmatic assessment structures, the negative vector moved from external to internal political areas; 6) formation of a new stylistic norm: the trend to simplification, democratization of broadcasting; 7) approaching to the spoken speech, rendering the stylistically reduced elements; 8) brief presentation, the desire to get rid of irrelevant information. All these are active language creative processes could not be unnoticed by researchers. The development of Ukrainian media language in the pre-October and later periods is shown; its role is defined in enriching and normalization of Ukrainian language: lexical, grammatical structure and spelling; creation of journalistic and scientific style.