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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Biological Crises“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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Alrababah, Fadi Abdalkareem, und Hilda Ahmad E'layan Elbashabsheh Elbashabsheh. „The Educational implications of Biological Crises at the Governmental and Popular Levels:Corona: Covid-19 Crisis as a Model“. Dirasat: Educational Sciences 51, Nr. 1 (15.03.2024): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/edu.v51i1.7537.
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Objectives: The study aimed to demonstrate the educational implications of biological crises at the governmental and popular levels which were represented by the crisis (Corona Covid-19) as a model. Methods: The research followed the inductive, descriptive approach to determine the educational repercussions of the Corona crisis. The research benefited from official reports issued by the competent authorities through their official websites and reference to a number of studies that reinforce the current study in some of its aspects. Results: The study found that there are many educational implications of biological crises at the governmental, popular, national and international levels. These implications examined by the study were (41) repercussions; (25) at the governmental level and (16) at the popular level, some of which are positive, while others are negative to enhance and improve the positive impact, and avoid the negative one. Conclusions: The study reported many educational repercussions of biological crises at the governmental and popular levels, which emerged through practical practices during the Corona crisis, because knowing these repercussions contributes to assisting the competent authorities, citizens, and educational institutions in drawing up policies and future strategic plans and developing appropriate procedures in managing similar crises in human.
2
Fukujima, Márcia Maiumi, und José Osmar Cardeal. „Características das crises epilépticas após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 55, Nr. 4 (1997): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1997000500010.
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Os infartos cerebrais constituem uma das mais importantes causas de epilepsia de início tardio. Foram estudados 35 pacientes que apresentaram crises epiléptica com início 24 horas após a instalação do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) e que tiveram pelo menos 1 recorrência da crise, a fim de definir as principais características dessas crises e correlacioná-las aos principais achados clínicos e laboratoriais. O tempo entre a instalação do AVCI e a primeira crise foi de 3 a 1650 dias, com predomínio (89%) de crises de instalação tardia (>14 dias); houve um pico de freqüência no período de 6 a 12 meses após a instalação do AVC. Crises parciais foram mais freqüentes (31/35) do que crises primariamente generalizadas, e estado de mal epiléptico só ocorreu em 3 casos. A maioria (30/35) apresentou crises pouco freqüentes (< 1 crise/mês). Não houve associação entre tipo de crise e intervalo de tempo entre ela e a instalação do AVCI, nem com a freqüência. A alteração eletrencefalográfica mais freqüente foi alentecimento focai da atividade elétrica cerebral. Todos os pacientes obtiveram controle das crises com monoterapia.
3
Ivanov, Yuriy B., und Olha Yu Poliakova. „A Typology of Crises of Non-Economic Origin in the Context of Preventive Anti-Crisis Policy for Ukraine“. Business Inform 11, Nr. 538 (2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-11-22-30.
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The study is aimed at elaborating a typology of crises of non-economic origin, which will allow to allocate their characteristic features in terms of goals, main tasks, and groups of measures for preventive anti-crisis policy for Ukraine regarding the early post-war post-pandemic period along with long-term perspective. The article analyzes and summarizes the scientific achievements and developments of international organizations on the classification of crises in the development of socioeconomic systems. The diversity, repeatability and ambiguity of classification signs are displayed, but the utmost attention of scientists is focused on the classification of financial crises. Crises of non-economic origin in the scientific literature are considered without their connection with the socioeconomic development and anti-crisis policy of countries. Therefore, the authors of the article have developed a typology of crises of non-economic origin, which is directed towards identifying those signs of crisis that are most significant for the implementation and possibility of implementing preventative measures of a preventive anti-crisis policy. Its difference is the inclusion of a new classification sign of the layering of consequences, which allows to distinguish primary and secondary crises with common consequences (complex ones) from those in which the consequences undergo distortions and changes in the process of unfolding the crisis (superpositional ones). Similar in content classification signs that are used in the scientific literature (structural scale of coverage; object; nature of imbalances in the development of the economy, etc.) are summarized into one sign – the scale of the consequences. Together with a qualitative description of each type of crisis, the directions for developing such a policy are determined for each of the signs. The classification of crises, either of biological origin or caused by warfare, in Ukraine during 2020-2022 was carried out in accordance with the defined signs. The main differences between systemic crises of biological origin or systemic crises caused by warfare are determined from the point of view of economic policy.
4
Adamo Jr., J., und F. Forti. „Focal crisis originating from movement in a hyperglycemic nonketotic patient“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 49, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1991000200020.
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Case report of a long term diabetic patient with partial motor crises originating from passive movement of the right arm. This is a rare type of crisis when compared to spontaneous partial crisis in diabetic patients. Partial crises are often the initial manifestation of diabetes mellitus (about 19% of the cases reported). As in those cases registered in the literature, crisis control in this case was obtained by normalization of glycose serum levels. Possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are discussed.
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Silveira, Diosely C., und Carlos A. M. Guerreiro. „INÍCIO DE CRISES EPILÉPTICAS NA MENARCA“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 49, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1991): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1991000400011.
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Nove pacientes com início das crises epilépticas coincidindo com a menarca foram avaliadas. Duas tinham crises generalizadas e 7 crises com início parcial. O exame físico e neurológico foram normais em todas, exceto em uma que tinha estenose aórtica. O EEG mostrou ondas agudas focais nas regiões temporais em 4 pacientes, ondas lentas intermitentes generalizadas em uma e foi normal nas outras 4. Sete das 9 pacientes que tiveram a primeira crise na menarca apresentavam exacerbação das crises epilépticas no período peri-menstrual, o que poderia sugerir estarem estas pacientes mais sujeitas a aumento na frequência das crises nesse período em ciclos subsequentes. Este achado necessita de estudo mais amplo para confirmação e pode contribuir para melhor orientação terapêutica nessas mulheres.
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Vein, A. M., G. M. Dyukova, А. B. Danilov, O. V. Vorobyova und I. P. Shepeleva. „Current views of the vegetative dystonia syndrome“. Neurology Bulletin XXV, Nr. 1-2 (20.09.1993): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb105915.
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The typical and untypical vegetative crises are described. The crises presented by various vegetative manifestations belong to typical, the same vegetative manifestations and functional - neurologic symptoms (the disorder of vision, audition, lump in the throat and etc.) belong to untypical ones. For every vegetative crisis there are the definite psychogenetic and biological factors. The high activity of cerebral isoenzyme of glutamatehydrogenase in patients with vegetative crises correlates with heavier clinical course of the disease and is efficiently less susceptible to every type of therapy.
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Poliakova, Olha Yu. „The Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Crises of Non-Economic Origin on the Socioeconomic System of Ukraine“. PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, Nr. 54 (2022): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-4-245-253.
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The purpose of the article is to develop a methodical approach to assessing the consequences of crises of non-economic origin and their synergistic effect for Ukraine. The article analyzes contemporary approaches to identifying the economic consequences of crises of natural, biological and military origin and shows that the situation in Ukraine is characterized by a layering of consequences of crises of both military and biological origin, which complicates the assessment. A classification of the consequences of crises of non-economic origin is proposed, which includes the scope of manifestation of consequences, pace and sequence, scale, duration of impact and time of occurrence, and is aimed at choosing methods for assessing and predicting the consequences. A schematic diagram of a scientific-methodical approach to assessing the consequences of crises of non-economic origin has been developed, which involves an assessment that is carried out in four dimensions: the direction of assessment (in accordance with the sphere of manifestations of the crisis), the subjective-objective (in accordance with the methods of assessment used), the temporal (in accordance with the stages of the emergence and unfolding of the crisis), and macro-mesoeconomic (in accordance with the scale of the crisis) dimensions, and thus allows to form a cognitive map of the consequences of a crisis of a certain etiology. It is shown that for Ukraine in the current crisis, it is expedient to single out two stages of assessment: the 1st – the deployment of the pandemic, the 2nd – military aggression against the background of the pandemic, as well as the use of expert assessment methods at the second stage. Based on the analysis of world experience, indicators for assessing the consequences of the crisis are proposed. The developed scientific-methodical approach allows to identify the most vulnerable sectors of the economy, to define causal relationships in the process of spreading in the economy and social sphere of the country of the crisis caused by both the pandemic and military aggression, is of universal nature, and can be used for researching the crises of various non-economic origins, also for developing a system for monitoring and preventing the spread of crises.
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Fonseca, Lineu Correa, und Gloria M. A. S. Tedrus. „Epilepsia occipital benigna da infância de início precoce (tipo Panayiotopoulos): aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos evolutivos em 14 crianças“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, Nr. 2b (Juni 2005): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000300018.
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Foram estudadas as características evolutivas clínico-eletrencefalográficas de 14 crianças com epilepsia occipital benigna da infância de início precoce (tipo Panayiotopoulos). O tempo médio de segmento foi 50,5 meses. A idade média na primeira crise foi 3,7 anos. O número total de crises foi até 3 crises em 11 casos, numerosas em 3; o período médio entre a primeira e a última crise foi 14,5 meses. Em 4 casos as crises tiveram duração prolongada, constituindo estado de mal parcial. Atividade epileptiforme (AE) occipital foi observada em todos os casos no primeiro EEG e, foi também, extra-occipital, em 3 casos. Houve bloqueio da AE occipital, pela abertura dos olhos, em 4 casos; em 3 casos foram observadas, também, pontas evocadas. O EEG normalizou-se em 9 casos, em um período médio de 29 meses.
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MONTENEGRO, M. AUGUSTA, MARILISA M. GUERREIRO, ANNA ELISA SCOTONI, ANTÔNIA TEREZINHA TRESOLDI und M. VALERIANA L. MOURA-RIBEIRO. „Doença cerebrovascular na infância: I. Manifestações epilépticas“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 57, Nr. 3A (September 1999): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1999000400008.
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As crises epilépticas podem constituir complicação de doença cerebrovascular (DCV), e a sua prevalência, apresentação clínica, fatores de risco e evolução em crianças tem sido estudadas por poucos autores. Neste estudo, 39 crianças com diagnóstico de DCV foram avaliadas quanto à ocorrência de manifestações epilépticas. Vinte e quatro (61,5%) apresentaram crises durante algum momento da doença (22 na fase aguda e 2 na tardia); 13 (54,2%) apresentaram crises generalizadas, 7 (29,2%) parciais, e 4 (16,6%) secundariamente generalizadas. A prevalência de manifestação epiléptica em lactentes foi significativamente maior (p=0,0362) do que nas outras faixas etárias. A localização cortical da DCV mostrou determinar de modo estatisticamente significante (p=0,0101) a ocorrência de crises. Não houve relação significativa entre o tipo de insulto vascular (isquêmico ou hemorrágico) e a ocorrência de crises. Quatorze pacientes evoluíram sem crise após a fase aguda; os 2 pacientes previamente epilépticos tiveram suas crises controladas com droga anti-epiléptica (DAE); 3 evoluíram com epilepsia (1 controlado com DAE e 2 de difícil controle); 3 continuaram em acompanhamento ambulatorial e não houve tempo hábil para definir se o quadro evoluirá para epilepsia e em 2 ocorreu óbito na fase aguda.
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SCOTONI, ANNA ELISA, MARILISA M. GUERREIRO und HÉLIO JOSÉ DE ABREU. „Crise epiléptica única: análise dos fatores de risco para recorrência“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 57, Nr. 2B (Juni 1999): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1999000300009.
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Estudamos crianças acompanhadas em nosso Ambulatório de Epilepsia Infantil que apresentaram primeira crise epiléptica não provocada no período de setembro/1989 a julho/1996. O tempo médio decorrido entre a crise e a inclusão no estudo foi 16 dias. As variáveis: idade, sexo, tipo e etiologia da crise epiléptica, estado de sono, antecedente de convulsão febril (CF), antecedente de crise não provocada nos familiares próximos (AF), eletrencefalograma (EEG) e tomografia computadorizada (TC) foram avaliadas como fatores de risco para recorrência. Encontramos dois grupos de pacientes, quanto a etiologia das crises: -(a) crises idiopáticas (G-CI) e (b) crises sintomáticas remotas (G-CSR). Este último grupo tinha apenas dois pacientes e foram excluídos. Prosseguimos a análise com os pacientes do G-CI (n=86). Foi observada recorrência em 29 crianças (33%), durante seguimento médio de 2,4 anos. Através de método estatístico, que utilizou o modelo de riscos proporcionados para análise uni e multivariada, observamos que os pacientes com EEG alterado e aqueles com AF positivo tiveram maior risco de recidiva (p < 0,003). Observando a curva de sobrevivência, estimou-se risco de recorrência após primeira crise: 18% no primeiro semestre e 27%, 35%, 38% no primeiro, segundo e terceiro anos, respectivamente.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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Guillam, Elvis. „Les deux crises biologiques de la fin du Dévonien : les ostracodes marqueurs des variations paléoenvironnementales et des relations paléobiogéographiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS157.pdf.
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Au cours des temps géologiques, la vie s'est grandement complexifiée et a connu de nombreuses et importantes variations de biodiversité. Parmi les déclins du Phanérozoïque (-541.0 ± 1.0 Ma à actuel), cinq grandes crises sont considérées comme majeures. L'une d'elles, appelée événement Kellwasser, marque la limite entre le Frasnien et le Famennien (-372 ± 1.6 Ma). Elle est suivie à la transition Dévonien-Carbonifère par un second événement de premier ordre, appelé événement Hangenberg. Ces événements de nature anoxique auraient été déclenchés par les importants changements climatiques caractérisant le Dévonien supérieur et les variations eustatiques associées. Les ostracodes, microcrustacés essentiellement benthiques, sont connus pour leur registre fossile continu à travers tous les événements d'extinction ainsi que pour leurs capacités d'adaptation et sont de bons marqueurs des variations des paramètres environnementaux. Ce sont ainsi d'excellents outils pour comprendre les déclins de biodiversité lors des crises biologiques et la récupération des écosystèmes après ces déclins. L'important travail de taxinomie réalisée sur le matériel de la coupe de Blue Snake (Guizhou, Chine du Sud) a permis de quantifier de manière précise et pour la première fois les variations de diversité chez les ostracodes en lien avec l'événement Hangenberg et de caractériser le paléoenvironnement et ses variations à la transition Dévonien-Carbonifère. Sur cette coupe, le taux d'extinction spécifique est estimé à 44%. Sur cet intervalle, le paléoenvironnement correspondait à une plateforme continentale ayant subi une transgression, avec le passage d'un environnement littoral peu profond au Famennien à un milieu offshore au Tournaisien. Les révisions réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse ont également permis de quantifier l'impact des événements Kellwasser et Hangenberg sur les ostracodes. Ces crustacés ont été grandement affectés à bas niveaux taxinomiques (espèces et genres) par ces deux événements avec des taux d'extinction spécifique estimé à 80% pour l'événement Kellwasser et 69% pour l'événement Hangenberg. Les niveaux supra-génériques ont été très peu touchés. Ces événements ont affecté la diversité de ces organismes dans divers paléoenvironnements (plateforme continentale interne et externe et milieux profonds) et dans de nombreuses zones paléogéographiques, démontrant le caractère global de ces extinctions. La récupération des faunes d'ostracodes à la suite de ces événements a certainement été influencée par les variations des paramètres environnementaux et climatiques. Elle est principalement caractérisée par la diversification de taxons cosmopolites, notamment au sein des Bairdiidae et des Bairdiocyprididae. Les Paraparchitidae se sont également diversifiés au cours du Tournaisien (Carbonifère inférieur). La distribution paléobiogéographique des ostracodes sur l'intervalle Frasnien-Tournaisien suggère que quatre facteurs principaux influencent leur répartition. Le climat, plus particulièrement la température, semble avoir influencé la distribution paléobiogéographique des ostracodes, la répartition des communautés identifiées suivant grossièrement la répartition latitudinale des climats. La circulation océanique pourrait expliquer les affinités observées entre les faunes provenant de zones paléogéographiques relativement éloignées. Le niveau marin et ses variations ainsi que la dynamique des plaques tectoniques semblent quant à eux avoir surtout influencé la connectivité globale entre les faunes des différentes zones paléogéographiques à l'échelle globaleOver geological time, life has greatly increased in complexity and has undergone many important variations in biodiversity. Among the declines occurring during the Phanerozoic (541.0 ± 1.0 Ma to present), five major crises are considered as major. One of them, called the Kellwasser event, marks the Frasnian-Famennian boundary (-372 ± 1.6 Ma). It is followed at the Devonian-Carboniferous transition by a second first-order event, called Hangenberg event. These anoxic events have been triggered by important climatic changes and the associated eustatic variations characterizing the Late Devonian. Ostracods, essentially benthic microcrustaceans, are known for their continuous fossil record through all extinction events as well as for their adaptive capacities and are good markers of environmental changes. They are thus excellent tools for understanding biodiversity declines during biological crises and the recovery of ecosystems after these declines. The important taxonomic work realized on the material from the Blue Snake section (Guizhou, South China) allowed to quantify precisely and for the first time the diversity variations among ostracods related to the Hangenberg event and to characterize the paleoenvironment and its variations at the Devonian-Carboniferous transition. In this section, the specific extinction rate is estimated at 44%. Over this interval, the paleoenvironment corresponded to a continental shelf that underwent transgression, with the transition from a nearshore shallow environment in the Famennian to a deeper and more open offshore environment in the Tournaisian. The revisions realized during this thesis also allowed to quantify the impact of both Kellwasser and Hangenberg events on ostracods. These crustaceans were greatly affected at low taxonomic levels (species and genera) by both events with specific extinction rates estimated at 80% for the Kellwasser event and 69% for the Hangenberg event. The supra-generic levels were only slightly affected. These events affected the diversity of these crustaceans in various paleoenvironments (nearshore and outer-shelf and bathyal environments) and in numerous geographic areas, demonstrating the global character of these extinctions. The recovery of ostracod faunas following these events was certainly influenced by variations in environmental and climatic parameters. It is mainly characterized by the diversification of cosmopolitan taxa, notably within the Bairdiidae and Bairdiocyprididae. The Paraparchitidae also diversified during the Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous). The palaeobiogeographic distribution of ostracods over the Frasnian-Tournaisian interval suggests that four main factors influence their repartition. Climate, especially temperature, seems to have influenced the palaeobiogeographic distribution of ostracods, with the identified communities roughly following the latitudinal distribution of climates. Oceanic circulation could explain the affinities observed between faunas from relatively distant palaeogeographical areas. The sea level and its variations as well as the tectonic plates dynamic had mainly influenced the global connectivity between the faunas from the different palaeogeographical areas on a global scale
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Lynteris, Christos. „Epidemic events : state-formation, class struggle and biopolitics in three epidemic crises of modern China“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2150.
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Based on extended research on Chinese medical and epidemiological archival material dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, and on six months of internship in epidemiology in Beijing’s Medical School and in Haidian District’s Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, this thesis explores the conjunction of three major epidemiological crises in modern Chinese history with processes of State formation: the 1911 Manchurian pneumonic plague, the 1952 germ-warfare, and the 2003 SARS outbreak. Analysing the three crises as Events in line with Alain Badiou’s epistemology it seeks to establish how different strategies of governmental fidelity to the imagined cause of each crisis have led to distinct modes of organisation and valorisation of the social: Republican China and its decline to fascism; the clash between professional revolutionaries and technocrats in Maoist China; and the emergence of the “Harmonious Society” of mass exploitation and repression today. This conjunction between State formation and epidemiological Events is explored with the use of Foucault’s genealogical method in a quest for a historical materialist approach that posits at its epicentre processes of class composition, decomposition and recomposition, and their contested enclosure by the governmental apparati of capture. The present thesis thus examines the three major epidemiological crises of modern China as forming grounds for biopolitical strategies that give rise to modes of subjectivation and circuits of debt/guilt within the context of the class struggle. And at the same time, it aims to create a new field of investigation for anthropology: the relation of State and Event, from a viewpoint that contests the accepted relation of event and structure expounded by Marshall Sahlins, proposing as the main object of this investigation the conjunction between necessity and will that can never be reduced either to the naturalism of historical determinism, nor to the culturalism of subjective contingency.
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Siebel, Anna Maria. „O papel do sistema purin?rgico e da via de sinaliza??o TOR em crises convulsivas e estresse oxidativo“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5474.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-27Epilepsy, characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures, is one of the main chronic neurological diseases, affecting around 1% of the world's population. Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability and has anticonvulsant properties. Thus, the modulation of adenosinergic signalling pathway may presents important effects on epilepsy. In this study we characterize different aspects of the adenosinergic signaling in a model of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in zebrafish. In this study we also analyzed the effect of different modulators of adenosinergic signaling on controlling the development of seizures. Our results showed that the activation of type A1 adenosine receptors has an important role in controlling seizures in zebrafish. Furthermore, we observed that ecto-5?-nucleotidase and ADA enzymes, in addition to nucleoside transporters, are directly involved in controlling extracellular adenosine levels and, consequently, in controlling the development of seizures in this teleost. In addition, we clarified the occurrence of controversial data related to the mTOR signaling pathway in oxidative stress. Previous studies have suggested the activation of this pathway in oxidative stress based on the misinterpretation of the phosphorylation of RSK and MSK proteins through the antibody anti-phospho-Thr389-S6K, in addition to protein S6 phosphorylation, regulated by the MAPK signaling pathway in this case. Therefore, these findings might contribute for a better understanding about the signaling pathways involved in the mechanisms of seizure control and represents na alternative for the development of antiepileptic drugs, increasing the therapeutic options in epilepsia. Our results may also contribute to future studies on the characterization and modulation of TOR signaling pathway in zebrafish.
A epilepsia, caracterizada pela ocorr?ncia de crises convulsivas espont?neas e recorrentes, ? umas das principais doen?as neurol?gicas cr?nicas, afetando em torno de 1% da popula??o mundial. A adenosina ? um modulador end?geno da excitabilidade neuronal e apresenta propriedades anticonvulsivantes. Sendo assim, a modula??o da via de sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica pode apresentar um efeito importante na epilepsia. Neste estudo, n?s caracterizamos diferentes aspectos da sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica em modelo de crise convulsiva induzida por pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) em peixe-zebra. Nossos resultados demonstram um aumento nas atividades da adenosina desaminase (ADA), respons?vel pela desamina??o de adenosina em inosina, logo ap?s uma crise convulsiva. Al?m disso, foi observado que os f?rmacos antiepil?pticos gabapentina, fenito?na e ?cido valpr?ico preveniram o efeito estimulat?rio promovido pelo PTZ sobre as atividades da adenosina desaminase. Neste estudo, tamb?m analisamos o efeito de diferentes moduladores da sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica no controle do desenvolvimento de convuls?es induzidas por PTZ. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a ativa??o de receptores de adenosina do tipo A1 tem importante participa??o no controle de crises convulsivas em peixe-zebra. Al?m disso, observamos que as enzimas ecto-5?-nucleotidase e ADA, al?m dos transportadores de nucleos?deos est?o diretamente envolvidos no controle dos n?veis extracelulares de adenosina e, consequentemente, no controle do desenvolvimento de crises convulsivas neste tele?steo. Al?m disso, esclarecemos a ocorr?ncia de dados controversos relacionados ? via de sinaliza??o mTOR em estresse oxidativo. Estudos sugeriram a ativa??o desta via em estresse oxidativo baseados na interpreta??o equivocada da fosforila??o das prote?nas RSK e MSK pelo anticorpo anti-fosfo-Thr389-S6K, al?m da fosforila??o da prote?na S6, regulada neste caso pela via de sinaliza??o MAPK. Este estudo pode contribuir para um maior entendimento das vias de sinaliza??o envolvidas nos mecanismos de controle de crises convulsivas e representar uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de f?rmacos antiepil?pticos, aumentando as op??es terap?uticas em epilepsia. Nossos resultados tamb?m podem contribuir para futuros estudos referentes ? caracteriza??o e modula??o da via de sinaliza??o TOR em peixe-zebra.
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Siebel, Anna Maria. „Efeito de crises convulsivas e f?rmacos antiepil?pticos em par?metros neuroqu?micos e moleculares em peixe zebra (Danio rerio)“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5392.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-10A epilepsia ? uma desordem neuronal caracterizada pela ocorr?ncia de convuls?es espont?neas e recorrentes. Essa patologia e seu tratamento interferem em diversos mecanismos neurol?gicos. O sistema purin?rgico ? uma importante rota de sinaliza??o celular que emprega nucleot?deos e nucleos?deos extracelulares como mol?culas sinalizadoras. O neurotransmissor ATP atua atrav?s de receptores do tipo P2Y, acoplados ? prote?na G e receptores P2X, que s?o ionotr?picos. A degrada??o do ATP extracelular e a conseq?ente produ??o de adenosina ? realizada por uma fam?lia de enzimas de superf?cie celular conhecidas como ectonucleotidases, que inclui as NTPDases (nucleos?deo trifosfato difosfoidrolases) e a ecto-5?-nucleotidase. A adenosina ? um neuromodulador que atua atrav?s da ativa??o de receptores metabotr?picos do tipo P1 (A1, A2A, A2B, A3). Esse nucleos?deo pode agir como um anticonvulsivante end?geno, principalmente via receptores A1. As NTPDases hidrolisam nucleot?deos tri- e difosfatados originando a adenosina, que ? hidrolisada pela adenosina deaminase (ADA). Assim, as NTPDases, ecto-5 -nucleotidase e ADA controlam os n?veis de nucleot?deos e nucleos?deos, modulando o sistema purin?rgico. No sistema colin?rgico, a acetilcolina (ACh) atua atrav?s de receptores muscar?nicos (metabotr?picos) e nicot?nicos (ionotr?picos). Sua a??o ? encerrada atrav?s de sua hidr?lise catalisada pela acetilcolinesterase (AChE). O peixe zebra ? um pequeno tele?steo de ?gua doce que vem sendo amplamente utilizado como modelo experimental em pesquisa. Estudos mostram que o peixe zebra pode ser uma ferramenta importante para o entendimento da epilepsia, bem como para o screening de f?rmacos antiepil?pticos. Considerando que as sinaliza??es purin?rgica e colin?rgica t?m importante participa??o no sistema nervoso e que essas vias de neurotransmiss?o est?o identificadas e caracterizadas em peixe zebra, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar nesse tele?steo o efeito de convuls?es induzidas por pentilenotetrazol (PTZ), bem como de f?rmacos antiepil?pticos na atividade das ectonucleotidases, ADA e AChE, enzimas essenciais na modula??o destas vias de sinaliza??o. Foram avaliados os efeitos in vitro da carbamazepina, fenito?na e gabapentina na atividade das ectonucleotidases e AChE. A carbamazepina diminuiu a hidr?lise de ATP e tamb?m de ACh. A fenito?na aumentou a hidr?lise de AMP e a gabapentina n?o provocou altera??es enzim?ticas. Foi analisado tamb?m o efeito de crises convulsivas induzidas por PTZ na atividade das ectonucleotidases e da ADA. Os resultados n?o mostraram altera??es nas ectonucleotidases e ADA nas fra??es extracelular e intracelular, respectivamente. No entanto, a atividade extracelular da ADA foi inibida em animais expostos ao PTZ. As an?lises mostraram que os f?rmacos antiepil?pticos podem influenciar a atividade das enzimas envolvidas na degrada??o extracelular de nucleot?deos, bem como na hidr?lise de ACh. Al?m disso, a diminui??o na degrada??o de adenosina observada em nosso modelo de estudo pode sugerir a participa??o da ADA na modula??o nos n?veis de adenosina durante as crises convulsivas em peixe zebra
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Schwengber, Solange Pereira. „Utiliza??o de marcadores de cromossomo Y como ferramenta visando a elucida??o de casos de crimes sexuais na gen?tica forense“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5324.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-28Marcadores moleculares de cromossomo Y s?o essenciais ? per?cia em gen?tica forense. Os marcadores moleculares STR (Short Tandem Repeats) espec?ficos para o cromossomo Y s?o amplamente utilizados nos Laborat?rios de Per?cias. Entretanto, n?o havia dados estat?sticos pr?prios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, implicando na utiliza??o de bancos de dados alternativos (brasileiro e europeu). Assim, a forma??o de um banco de dados de hapl?tipos, pr?prio da popula??o do RS, com os perfis do cromossomo Y, permitiria a emiss?o de Laudos Periciais com informa??es estat?sticas mais fidedignas. Neste trabalho foram tipados 255 indiv?duos n?o aparentados, pertencentes a sete mesoregi?es do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue ou saliva a partir das quais foi feita a extra??o de DNA, seguida da amplifica??o dos 17 loci do cromossomo Y atrav?s do kit Y-STRs (AmpF=iSTR? YfilerTM - Applied Biosystems). Os produtos de amplifica??o foram analisados no ABI PRISM? 3100 Avant Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Na an?lise dos dados foram identificados 247 hapl?tipos, dos quais 239 ?nicos e 8 foram encontrados em dois indiv?duos, cada. A diversidade haplot?pica de Y-STRs da popula??o do Rio Grande do Sul foi de 99,98% e o poder de discrimina??o de 96,86%. As dist?ncias gen?ticas mostraram que a popula??o do RS, como um todo, n?o ? significativamente diferente das amostras do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro e Argentina; ? marginalmente diferente de S?o Paulo, It?lia e do Norte de Portugal; mais distante da Espanha, regi?o Amaz?nica e Alemanha; e muito distante da amostra de nativos sul-americanos. Quando os dados do RS foram comparados por mesoregi?o, alguns pares apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre si, de acordo com a hist?ria da imigra??o, sendo a Mesoregi?o Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense a mais diferente. Por?m, nenhuma regi?o apresentou diferen?a significativa em rela??o ? popula??o brasileira.
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Lopes, Rodrigo Pestana. „Efeitos neuroimunoend?crinos do estresse por abuso f?sico ou neglig?ncia na inf?ncia em mulheres com depress?o maior“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5405.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-28INTRODU??O: Sabe-se que experi?ncias traum?ticas na inf?ncia podem levar ao surgimento de dist?rbios psiqui?tricos na vida adulta, incluindo a depress?o maior (DM). Contudo, ainda se desconhece o grau de altera??es biol?gicas que eventos estressores traum?ticos vivenciados na inf?ncia podem produzir em indiv?duos com depress?o. OBJETIVOS: Investigar par?metros neuroend?crinos e imunol?gicos em mulheres adultas deprimidas, com sintomas de Estresse P?s- Traum?tico (TEPT) e hist?ria de abuso e neglig?ncia infantil (ANI). M?TODOS: Trinta e oito mulheres com DM com ou sem hist?ria de abuso e neglig?ncia infantil e sintomas de TEPT e 19 mulheres saud?veis fizeram parte da coleta de dados desta tese. Os resultados deste trabalho foram divididos em 3 artigos cient?ficos originais e uma revis?o do tema. As avalia??es inclu?ram dosagens de n?veis salivares de cortisol e de sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEAS) por radioimunoensaio; a mitog?nese induzida de linf?citos T de sangue perif?rico foi avaliada por ensaio colorim?trico, bem como a sensibilidade de linf?citos T a moduladores sint?ticos (dexametasona) e naturais (epinefrina e sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona); a secre??o de citocinas de perfis Th1/Th2 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-g) por c?lulas mononucleares foi identificada por citometria de fluxo; e os n?veis plasm?ticos de BDNF, al?m de TNF-a e seus receptores sol?veis (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2), foram identificados por ELISA. RESULTADOS: Pacientes deprimidas com ou sem trauma infantil apresentaram n?veis reduzidos e semelhantes de cortisol salivar e DHEAS em paralelo com prolifera??o reduzida de linf?citos T. As c?lulas mononucleares de sangue perif?rico das pacientes deprimidas foram menos sens?veis ? dexametasona (DEX) ou epinefrina (EPI) e produziram n?veis significativamente reduzidos de IL-2, IL-4 e TNF-a quando comparadas ao grupo de controles. As pacientes deprimidas apresentaram ainda n?veis plasm?ticos elevados de sTNFR1 e sTNFR2, al?m de redu??o dos 6 n?veis de BDNF. CONCLUS?ES: Embora muitas altera??es biol?gicas tenham sido identificadas nas mulheres com DM em rela??o ao grupo de mulheres saud?veis, poucas foram correlacionadas com hist?ria de abuso e neglig?ncia na inf?ncia. Sendo assim, de uma forma geral, conclui-se que a hist?ria de abuso e neglig?ncia na inf?ncia n?o impacta significativamente as altera??es neuroend?crinas e imunol?gicas apresentadas por pacientes com depress?o maior
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Gusso, Darlan. „Efeito do Piriproxifeno sobre o desenvolvimento, par?metros comportamentais e end?crinos em larvas e adultos de Peixe-zebra (Danio rerio)“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7950.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of various pathogens. Over the past three years, the world has witnessed epidemics affecting all age groups, such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika virus. To control and eliminate Aedes vectors responsible for the transmission of these diseases, it is necessary to use larvicides and insecticides such as pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen is a larvicide used to control mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Aedes. This study evaluated the effects of pyriproxyfen on survival, morphology, behavior, and endocrine parameters at different stages of zebrafish development. We have demonstrated that pyriproxyfen can cause changes in the survival rate, behavior and morphology of exposed larvae, adults exposed at the larval stage, and adult offspring of exposed parents. Larvae exposed to pyriproxyfen for 1-96 hpf (hours post-fertilization) showed a decrease in survival rate, heart rate 3 dpf (days post-fertilization), and body length at 5 and 8 dpf. The distance traveled and the mean velocities of the exposed larvae were reduced in comparison to the vehicle group (1% DMSO). Therefore, pyriproxyfen changes the morphology and behavior of zebrafish in early stages of development and may affect the next generations. However, when the exposed larvae were maintained until the adult stage (6 months), we did not observe differences in locomotor parameters. Parental exposure to pyriproxyfen induced decrease in locomotion of zebrafish adult offspring as well as an anxiolytic-like behavior. We also tested pyriproxyfen exposure for 96 hours in adult zebrafish and the locomotion, anxiety, memory and endocrine parameters were analyzed as well as the gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). These results showed that there was no significant difference in locomotion, anxiety and endocrine parameters. In addition, there was an impairment of habituation memory in adult zebrafish exposed to pyriproxyfen. Therefore, it is important to control the use of larvicides due to their toxic effects on non-target species. Our findings demonstrated the importance of studies related to the use of larvicides, since they are potential causes of morphological and behavioral alterations in aquatic species, such as zebrafish.
Mosquitos s?o respons?veis pela transmiss?o de v?rios agentes patog?nicos. Nos ?ltimos tr?s anos, o mundo testemunhou epidemias que afetam todas as faixas et?rias, tais como dengue, febre amarela, chikungunya e zika v?rus. Para controlar e eliminar vetores do g?nero Aedes, respons?vel pela transmiss?o destas doen?as, ? necess?rio usar larvicidas e inseticidas como o piriproxifeno. O piriproxifeno ? um larvicida usado para eliminar mosquitos, principalmente do g?nero Aedes. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do piriproxifeno sobre a sobreviv?ncia, morfologia, comportamento e par?metros end?crinos em diferentes est?gios de desenvolvimento de peixe-zebra. N?s demonstramos que o piriproxifeno pode causar altera??es na taxa de sobreviv?ncia, comportamento e morfologia de larvas expostas, adultos expostos no est?gio larval e descendentes adultos de pais expostos. As larvas expostas ao piriproxifeno durante 1-96 hpf (horas p?s-fertiliza??o) mostraram uma diminui??o na taxa de sobreviv?ncia, frequ?ncia card?aca 3 dpf e comprimento corporal nos 5 e 8 dpf (dias p?s- fertiliza??o). A dist?ncia percorrida e a velocidade m?dia das larvas expostas foram reduzidas em rela??o ao grupo ve?culo (1% de DMSO). Portanto, o piriproxifeno altera a morfologia e o comportamento do peixe-zebra em est?gios iniciais de desenvolvimento e pode afetar as pr?ximas gera??es. No entanto, quando as larvas expostas foram mantidas at? o est?gio adulto (6 meses), n?o observamos diferen?as nos par?metros locomotores. A exposi??o parental ao piriproxifeno induziu uma diminui??o na locomo??o da prole adulta, bem como um comportamento do tipo ansiol?tico. N?s tamb?m avaliamos o efeito da exposi??o ao piriproxifeno em peixe-zebra na fase adulta durante 96 horas sobre a locomo??o, ansiedade, mem?ria e par?metros end?crinos, como express?o g?nica do receptor de glicocorticoide (GR) e fator de libera??o de corticotrofina (CRF). Os resultados demonstraram que n?o houve diferen?a significativa na locomo??o, ansiedade e par?metros end?crinos. Al?m disso, houve um preju?zo da mem?ria de habitua??o do peixe-zebra adulto exposto ? piriproxifeno. Portanto, ? importante controlar o uso de larvicidas devido aos seus efeitos t?xicos em esp?cies n?o-alvo. Nossos achados demonstram a import?ncia de estudos relacionados com a utiliza??o de larvicidas, uma vez que s?o potenciais causadores de altera??es morfol?gicas e comportamentais em esp?cies aqu?ticas, como o peixe-zebra.
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Menezes, Fabiano Peres. „Interfer?ncias na sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica durante a embriog?nese acarretam em altera??es duradouras na morfologia e na sensibilidade a pr?-convulsivantes em peixe-zebra (Danio rerio)“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8117.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Epilepsy is the most serious neurological condition in the world. It is characterized by recurrent seizures from synchronous neuronal discharges. Disturbances in neuronal signaling in the early stages of development may lead to increased susceptibility to seizures in adulthood, as well as seizures in the early stages of development may lead to alterations in neurotransmission systems. Adenosinergic signaling is known to act as an endogenous anticonvulsant through its neuromodulatory function. Disturbances in adenosinergic signaling in early stages of development lead to changes in the susceptibility to seizures conditionally at the stage of development in which the disturbance occurs, and time of exposure to the disturbing agent. In the four chapters of this thesis, it was discussed about factors that influence the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure under different aspects using zebrafish. In the first chapter, it was analyzed the influence of temperature on zebrafish sensitivity to PTZ as well as the ability of the MK-801 antagonist to reverse the effects of hyperthermia on susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures. In addition, it was verifyed possible differences in the susceptibility to seizures according to gender or weight. In the second chapter, it was used transient molecular blockade through the morpholine technique to block the translation of the transcripts corresponding to the adenosinergic A1 and A2A receptors at the beginning of embryogenesis. The animals that underwent transient blockade were evaluated for survival rate and morphology, at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) and locomotor activity and susceptibility to seizures caused by PTZ at 7 dpf and in adulthood. In the third chapter, it was used the morpholine technique to block the translation of the transcripts corresponding to the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase and concentrative nucleoside transporters type 2 (CNT2) at the beginning of embryogenesis. The animals that underwent transient blockade were evaluated for survival rate and morphology at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) and locomotor activity and susceptibility to seizures caused by PTZ at 7 dpf and in adulthood. In the fourth chapter, it was performed microinjection of the 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), antagonist of A1 receptor; ZM241385, A2A antagonist; caffeine, non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist; dipyridamole, equilibrative nucleoside transporter blocker (ENT) and Adenosine 5 '- (?, ?-methylene) diphosphate (AMPCP), ecto-5'-nucleotidase enzyme inhibitor, in zebrafish eggs (1 hour post -fertilization). The animals exposed to these drugs were evaluated for survival rate, morphology and locomotor activity at 7 dpf and susceptibility to seizures caused by PTZ at 7 dpf and in adulthood. These results indicated that hyperthermia increases the susceptibility of zebrafish to PTZ-induced seizures and that this effect is prevented by the administration of MK-801. In addition, there was no difference in susceptibility to PTZ dependent on gender or body mass. These results indicated that disturbances in adenosinergic signaling through blockade via morpholine or in the higher doses of the drugs mentioned above, caused a decrease in the survival rate and high rates of morphological changes. None of the approaches caused alterations in the locomotor activity in the initial phase of development, whereas in the adult phase, there were occasional changes. At 7dpf, none of the targets blocked by morpholine caused alterations in the susceptibility to seizures caused by PTZ, whereas among the targets blocked by drugs there was alteration mainly in animals microinjected with DPCPX, Caffeine and Dipyridamole. However, in the adult phase all the targets blocked by morpholine triggered in greater susceptibility to seizures, while those blocked by drugs showed changes in specific doses and seizure stage. These results corroborate a series of studies that report the importance of adenosinergic signaling in the early stages of development as well as the deleterious effects of both exogenous and endogenous perturbations in this signaling pathway.
A epilepsia ? a condi??o neurol?gica grave de maior incid?ncia no mundo. ? caracterizada por crises convulsivas recorrentes, provenientes de descargas neuronais sincr?nicas. Dist?rbios na sinaliza??o neuronal na fase inicial do desenvolvimento podem acarretar em aumento na suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas na fase adulta, assim como crises convulsivas na fase inicial do desenvolvimento podem acarretar em altera??es nos sistemas de neurotransmiss?o. A sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica reconhecidamente ? capaz de agir como um anticonvulsivante end?geno, atrav?s de sua fun??o neuromoduladora. Perturba??es na sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica em fases inicias do desenvolvimento acarretam em altera??es na suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas de forma condicional ao est?gio de desenvolvimento em que a perturba??o ocorre e tempo de exposi??o ao agente perturbador. Nos quatro cap?tulos integrantes dessa tese foram abordados, sob diferentes aspectos, fatores que influenciam a susceptibilidade a crise convulsiva provocada pela exposi??o ao pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) utilizando peixe-zebra. No primeiro cap?tulo, foi analisada a influ?ncia da temperatura na sensibilidade do peixe-zebra ao PTZ, bem como a capacidade do antagonista MK-801 de reverter os efeitos provocados pela hipertermia na suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas induzidas por PTZ. Al?m de serem verificadas as poss?veis diferen?as na suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas em fun??o do g?nero ou peso. No segundo cap?tulo, foi descrito o uso do bloqueio molecular transit?rio atrav?s da t?cnica de morfolinos para bloquear a tradu??o dos transcritos correspondentes aos receptores adenosin?rgicos A1 e A2A no inicio da embriog?nese. Os animais que sofreram o bloqueio transit?rio foram avaliados quanto a taxa de sobreviv?ncia e morfologia at? os 7 dias p?s-fertiliza??o (dpf) e atividade locomotora e suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas provocadas por PTZ aos 7 dpf e na fase adulta. No terceiro cap?tulo, foi descrito o uso da t?cnica de morfolinos para bloquear a tradu??o dos transcritos correspondentes a enzima ecto-5?-nucleotidase (e5?nt) e transportadores concentrativos de nucleos?deo tipo 2 (CNT2) no inicio da embriog?nese. Os animais que sofreram o bloqueio transit?rio foram avaliados quanto a taxa de sobreviv?ncia e morfologia aos 7 dpf e atividade locomotora e suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas provocadas por PTZ aos 7dpf e na fase adulta. No quarto cap?tulo, foi abordado o efeito da microinje??o de 8-Ciclopentil-1,3-dipropilxantina (DPCPX), antagonista do receptor A1; ZM241385 antagonista do receptor A2A; cafe?na, antagonista n?o-seletivo dos receptores de adenosina; dipiridamol, bloqueador do transportador equilibrativo de nucleos?deo (ENT) e Adenosina 5?-(?,?-metileno)difosfato (AMPCP), inibidor da enzima ecto-5?-nucleotidase, nos ovos do peixe-zebra (1 hora p?s-fertiliza??o). Os animais expostos a estes f?rmacos foram avaliados quanto a taxa de sobreviv?ncia, morfologia, atividade locomotora aos 7 dpf e suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas provocadas por PTZ aos 7dpf e na fase adulta. Nossos resultados apontam que a hipertermia aumenta a suscetibilidade do peixe-zebra a crises convulsivas provocadas por PTZ e que esse efeito ? prevenido pela administra??o de MK-801. Al?m disso, n?o houve diferen?a na suscetibilidade do PTZ dependente de g?nero ou massa corporal. Nossos resultados indicam que perturba??es na sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica atrav?s de bloqueio via morfolinos ou nas doses mais altas dos f?rmacos acima citados, provocaram diminui??o na taxa de sobreviv?ncia e altas taxas de altera??es morfol?gicas. Nenhuma das abordagens provocou altera??es na atividade locomotora na fase inicial do desenvolvimento, enquanto que na fase adulta foram verificadas altera??es pontuais. Aos 7dpf nenhum dos alvos bloqueados por morfolinos provocou altera??o na suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas provocadas por PTZ, enquanto que entre os alvos bloqueados por f?rmacos houve altera??o principalmente em animais microinjetados com DPCPX, Cafe?na e Dipiridamol. J? na fase adulta todos os alvos bloqueados por morfolinos desencadearam em maior suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas enquanto os bloqueados por f?rmacos exibiram altera??es em doses e est?gio de convuls?o espec?ficos. Esses resultados corroboram com uma s?rie de estudos que reportam a import?ncia da sinaliza??o adenosin?rgica na fase inicial do desenvolvimento, bem como os efeitos delet?rios provenientes de perturba??es tanto ex?genas quanto end?genas nessa via de sinaliza??o.
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Siebel, Anna Maria. „O papel do sistema purinérgico e da via de sinalização TOR em crises convulsivas e estresse oxidativo“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5484.
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Previous issue date: 2013Epilepsy, characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures, is one of the main chronic neurological diseases, affecting around 1% of the world's population. Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability and has anticonvulsant properties. Thus, the modulation of adenosinergic signalling pathway may presents important effects on epilepsy. In this study we characterize different aspects of the adenosinergic signaling in a model of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in zebrafish. In this study we also analyzed the effect of different modulators of adenosinergic signaling on controlling the development of seizures. Our results showed that the activation of type A1 adenosine receptors has an important role in controlling seizures in zebrafish. Furthermore, we observed that ecto-5´-nucleotidase and ADA enzymes, in addition to nucleoside transporters, are directly involved in controlling extracellular adenosine levels and, consequently, in controlling the development of seizures in this teleost. In addition, we clarified the occurrence of controversial data related to the mTOR signaling pathway in oxidative stress. Previous studies have suggested the activation of this pathway in oxidative stress based on the misinterpretation of the phosphorylation of RSK and MSK proteins through the antibody anti-phospho-Thr389-S6K, in addition to protein S6 phosphorylation, regulated by the MAPK signaling pathway in this case. Therefore, these findings might contribute for a better understanding about the signaling pathways involved in the mechanisms of seizure control and represents na alternative for the development of antiepileptic drugs, increasing the therapeutic options in epilepsia. Our results may also contribute to future studies on the characterization and modulation of TOR signaling pathway in zebrafish.
A epilepsia, caracterizada pela ocorrência de crises convulsivas espontâneas e recorrentes, é umas das principais doenças neurológicas crônicas, afetando em torno de 1% da população mundial. A adenosina é um modulador endógeno da excitabilidade neuronal e apresenta propriedades anticonvulsivantes. Sendo assim, a modulação da via de sinalização adenosinérgica pode apresentar um efeito importante na epilepsia. Neste estudo, nós caracterizamos diferentes aspectos da sinalização adenosinérgica em modelo de crise convulsiva induzida por pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) em peixe-zebra. Nossos resultados demonstram um aumento nas atividades da adenosina desaminase (ADA), responsável pela desaminação de adenosina em inosina, logo após uma crise convulsiva. Além disso, foi observado que os fármacos antiepilépticos gabapentina, fenitoína e ácido valpróico preveniram o efeito estimulatório promovido pelo PTZ sobre as atividades da adenosina desaminase. Neste estudo, também analisamos o efeito de diferentes moduladores da sinalização adenosinérgica no controle do desenvolvimento de convulsões induzidas por PTZ. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a ativação de receptores de adenosina do tipo A1 tem importante participação no controle de crises convulsivas em peixe-zebra. Além disso, observamos que as enzimas ecto-5´-nucleotidase e ADA, além dos transportadores de nucleosídeos estão diretamente envolvidos no controle dos níveis extracelulares de adenosina e, consequentemente, no controle do desenvolvimento de crises convulsivas neste teleósteo. Além disso, esclarecemos a ocorrência de dados controversos relacionados à via de sinalização mTOR em estresse oxidativo. Estudos sugeriram a ativação desta via em estresse oxidativo baseados na interpretação equivocada da fosforilação das proteínas RSK e MSK pelo anticorpo anti-fosfo-Thr389-S6K, além da fosforilação da proteína S6, regulada neste caso pela via de sinalização MAPK. Este estudo pode contribuir para um maior entendimento das vias de sinalização envolvidas nos mecanismos de controle de crises convulsivas e representar uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de fármacos antiepilépticos, aumentando as opções terapêuticas em epilepsia. Nossos resultados também podem contribuir para futuros estudos referentes à caracterização e modulação da via de sinalização TOR em peixe-zebra.
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Young, Helena. „Experiences of mental health professionals : patient suicide and working in a crisis team“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55965/.
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This research thesis explores mental health professionals’ reactions to patient suicide and the emotional experiences of working in a Crisis Team. Chapter one is a literature review examining twelve empirical studies of the impact of patient suicide on mental health professionals and the resources they draw on to cope with the effects. The review revealed a range of personal and professional responses amongst professionals and highlighted the concept of blame in the coping process. Chapter two is a qualitative empirical study of seven clinicians’ emotional experiences of working in a UK Crisis Team. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed three main themes of importance; response to difficult emotions, impact on self and intergroup processes. The clinical implications and areas for future research are discussed alongside methodological considerations and limitations. Chapter three is a reflective account of the emotional experience of conducting the research and considers the impact of the chosen methodology, parallels of experience between the researcher and the participants and the impact of the research process on future clinical practice.
Bücher zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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O'Mathúna, Dónal P., und Iñigo de Miguel Beriain, Hrsg. Ethics and Law for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear & Explosive Crises. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11977-5.
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Pellegrino, Charles R. Darwin's universe: Origins and crises in the history of life. 2. Aufl. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1986.
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Extreme emergencies: Humanitarian assistance to civilian populations following chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive incidents - a sourcebook. Rugby: ITDG, 2004.
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Berche, Patrick. L'histoire secrète des guerres biologiques: Mensonges et crimes d'État. Paris: Laffont, 2009.
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L'histoire secrète des guerres biologiques: Mensonges et crimes d'État. Paris: Laffont, 2009.
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Berche, Patrick. L'histoire secrète des guerres biologiques: Mensonges et crimes d'État. Paris: Laffont, 2009.
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Heintzelman, Donald S. Tundra swan hunting: A biological, ecological, and wildlife crisis. Allentown, Pa: Wildlife Information Center, 1989.
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Niles, Eldredge, Hrsg. Systematics, ecology, and the biodiversity crisis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
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Wu, H. S. Aroma no. 4: Chinese Communist crimes in using humans as guinea pigs. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C: Compilation Dept., Kuang Lu Pub. Service, 1986.
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Joel, Cracraft, und Grifo Francesca, Hrsg. The living planet in crisis: Biodiversity science and policy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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Leydesdorff, Loet. „The Communication Turn in Philosophy of Science“. In Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Scientific and Scholarly Communication, 39–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59951-5_2.
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Abstract Whereas knowledge has often been attributed to individuals or, from a sociological perspective, to communities, a communications perspective on the sciences enables us to proceed to the measurement of the discursive knowledge contents. Knowledge claims are organized into texts which are entrained in evolving structures. The aggregated citation relations among journals, for example, can be used to visualize disciplinary structures. The structures are reproduced as “ecosystems” which differ among them in terms of using specific codes in the communications (e.g., jargons). Unlike biological DNA, these codes are not hard-wired; they can be changed in the communication. The sciences develop historically along trajectories embedded in regimes of expectations. Regimes exert selection pressure on the historical manifestations. The evolutionary dynamics at the regime level induce crises, bifurcations, etc., as historical events.
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Milne, Catherine, Colin Hennessy Elliott, Adam Devitt und Kathryn Scantlebury. „Learning from Flint: How Matter Imposes Itself in the Anthropocene and What That Means for Education“. In Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment, 245–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79622-8_15.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore one aspect of the Anthropocene, the vital, vibrant connections between life and matter (Whatmore, Cultural Geographies 13(4):600–609, 2006.). Drawing on the effectivity of water as a solution and the “Flint water crisis,” we explore how humans tend not to notice matter unless it brings an effect upon them. Our approach follows Melinda Benson, (Natural Resources Journal 59:251–280, 2019) in seeking to decenter human exceptionalism and explore the chemical and biological actors relationally engaged in a system with humans engendering phenomena that are unpredictable as we demonstrate in a case study of the City of Flint and its access to drinking water for humans. As this case highlights, often matter only becomes noticed when it establishes an ontological disturbance forcing itself on human experience and becoming noticed in the process. Important elements of such “noticing” are tied up with the human-material intra-actions engendering phenomena that is shaped by race and geographic history. Rather than constructing Flint and other examples as emergencies or crises that need to be solved, education should explore the dynamic nature of these events and the intra-actions of all elements. This approach offers one strategy for transforming what K–12 science education looks like for both developing scientists and everyday citizens.
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Uitto, Juha I. „Transformational Change for People and the Planet: Evaluating Environment and Development – Introduction“. In Transformational Change for People and the Planet, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_1.
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AbstractThe world is facing multiple crises as manifested in runaway climate change, a global pandemic, loss of ecosystems and biological species, and rapidly growing inequality. These are all closely interlinked as recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Addressing them will require broad transformational change that encompasses the economy, institutions, and how we interact with the natural environment. This chapter introduces the book that is intended to highlight how evaluation can contribute to such transformations. The chapter first reviews the state of development evaluation. It then briefly introduces the state of the global environment before discussing the implications of this context for evaluation, and how evaluation as a profession and practice must change in order to respond to the challenges of sustainability. The chapter ends by explaining the flow of the book in its four parts that focus on: transformational change, drivers of sustainability, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and evaluation approaches.
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Maxwell, Virginia M. „Biological Evidence“. In Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes, 103–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003090762-11.
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Wilson, Terrance M., Linda Logan-Henfrey, Richard Weller und Barry Kellman. „Agroterrorism, Biological Crimes, and Biological Warfare Targeting Animal Agriculture“. In Emerging Diseases of Animals, 23–57. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818050.ch3.
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Barbaro, Anna. „Biological Evidence Collection“. In Manual of Crime Scene Investigation, 85–99. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003129554-5.
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Johnson, Brian David, Natalie Vanatta und Cyndi Coon. „Project: “The Next Biological Public Health Crisis”“. In Threatcasting, 121–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02575-4_8.
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Machado, Helena, und Rafaela Granja. „Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour“. In Forensic Genetics in the Governance of Crime, 33–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2429-5_3.
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Venables, Peter H. „Psychophysiology and Crime: Theory and Data“. In Biological Contributions to Crime Causation, 3–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2768-1_1.
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Hodgins, Sheilagh, und Michael Grunau. „Biology, Mental Disorder, Aggression and Violence: What do We Know?“ In Biological Contributions to Crime Causation, 161–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2768-1_10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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„Optimizing Construction Crises Management by Fuzzy Logic“. In International Conference on Biological, Civil and Environmental Engineering. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0314167.
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Montanini, Júlia França, Gustavo Moreira Andrade, Giovana Netto Pinheiro, Jordana Alves Macedo, Isabela Henz Tonial und Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva. „The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of breast cancer: A systematic review“. In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1051.
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Objective: This review intends to clarify the relationship between the pandemic of COVID-19 and the increase in cases and in the worsening of the prognosis of breast cancer, in Brazil and in the world. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out from the PubMed database, with the descriptors: “pandemic” and “breast cancer,” with the Boolean operator: “AND,” and the filters: “full text,” with publication date 2021 and 2022, in women only, in the English language. Ten scientific articles were identified. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic increased existing barriers to access to screening, treatment, and emotional support services for breast cancer. Changes in health recommendations and less urgent appointments have led to a decrease in cancer screening rates, which resulted in late diagnoses and worse outcomes for patients. It is valuable to emphasize the importance of improving access to breast cancer screening services during health crises such as the pandemic, implementing safe and effective strategies to mitigate its effects. In addition, the fear and stress of contracting the virus while attending health units, on top of the delays in diagnosis and treatment faced during the crisis, negatively impacted the mental health of patients. The insecurity when dealing with a malignant neoplasm was amplified by the pandemic and resulted in an increase of this biological factor that greatly interferes with cancer prognosis. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drop in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of breast cancer. The health system suffered the impact of the pandemic, leaving care for other diseases to be neglected, and patients stopped seeking health services for other morbidities, such as breast cancer. Health professionals must be aware of and must work to minimize the harm of negligence with this cancer during times of crisis, as occurred with COVID-19.
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Barker, Alexandra. „Crisiscity: Cyborg Infrastructure in the Anthropocene“. In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.18.
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In the Anthropocene thesis, nature is partly a human creation. Human activity has affected all ecologic, geologic and biological systems, eroding the boundary between human and non-human life and between nature and culture, producing catastrophic impacts on the Earth that have brought us to a point of climate crisis. As recent texts have argued, the cur¬rent social and health crises are direct resultants of human actions dating back to the time of Western colonization. Human pollution of the global ecosystem has produced the climate crisis. As the pandemic of COVID-19 continues to show, the health of people, animals, ecosystems and the environment are intimately linked. The health crisis has also exposed weaknesses in our global supply chain network for consumer goods. Localizing food and fuel production and storage for easy distribution is a key approach to addressing issues of food and energy insecurity in this context. This graduate architecture studio project proposes additions to and reuse of existing urban infrastructure to locally situate small-scale food and energy production and storage facilities squarely within the dense urban fabric of major metropolitan areas as a retrofit embedded inside existing building fabric within the public realm. Seafood aquaculture, aquaponics, hydroponics, and algae farming processes produce high yields in relatively compact environments without the necessary access to light and space that typical crops require. Oyster aquaculture can produce food as well as seed for filtering oyster beds that are critical for the cleansing of polluted waterways. These programs also provide a source of jobs locally accessible to urban communities. Our test site for this project is a speculative mixed-use addition and alteration to abandoned industrial buildings in Brooklyn’s industrial waterfronts of Red Hook and Sunset Park proposing light manufacturing in combination with public programs. Anamorphic projection techniques in the design process produce specific orientations toward both human and non-human occupants.
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Bozhchenko, Alexandr, Yuliya Khrustaleva und Yuri Panchuk. „To the question of the formal and material elements of crimes provided for in articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation related to the spread of infection“. In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a48fd08.58287135.
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The article deals with objective and optional features of crimes with material and formal composition, with an emphasis on crimes that are more or less associated with the spread of infection. Attention is drawn to the fact that crimes with a formal composition do not require the establishment of a causal relationship. Various points of view on “danger” are considered as one of the fundamental criteria used in the qualification of crimes. The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the content of this concept, as well as the concepts of “threat”, “significance”, “mass character”, etc. It is concluded that there are gaps, ambiguities, and contradictions in the legislation and normative legal acts on terminology and conceptual apparatus in relation to the above-mentioned concepts of danger, threat, and its magnitude (significance, mass character). Legislative amendments adopted in connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, which led to the emergence of a formal crime under part 1 of article 236 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, are considered. Attention is drawn to the careless form of guilt under this article, in contrast to other articles, the use of which is also not excluded in the case of infection (article 125 and article 237 of the criminal code), but provide for the intentional nature of the crime.
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Thirumaran, K., Jagdeep Kaur Sabharwal und Sandra Goh. „Analysis of travellers’ experiences with petty crimes using biopsychosocial model: A systematic scoping review“. In 7 Experiences Summit 2023 of the Experience Research Society. Tuwhera Open Access, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/7es.37.
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With surge in post-COVID tourism, the travel destinations are seeing a high volume of travellers seeking to fulfil their pent-up wanderlust. Travellers generally do not consider themselves vulnerable to crimes when on holidays – specifically to first world countries in Europe. However, there has been a significant increase in petty crimes against tourists which have become common in tourist hotspots across Europe and other places. Petty crimes experienced by tourists can often lead to not only material and monetary loss but also result in tainting the whole travel experience. The present paper reviewed existing research in a scoping review which examined tourists’ experiences following petty crimes on their well-being with focus on Europe. Utilizing the Biopsychosocial model, the post crime experiences of travellers were grouped as biological, psychological, and social outcomes to understand the complex ways in which travellers are affected by less than positive experiences while visiting tourist locations. The review shows paucity of works that aimed to understand travellers’ experiences, with majority of works choosing to focus on effect of petty crimes on hospitality sector.
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Chen, Janice. „The CRISPR platform for diagnostics“. In Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XIII, herausgegeben von Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss und Amos Danielli. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2589026.
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Dokuzparmak, Emre, und Lynn Dennany. „Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Methamphetamine in Biological Matrices“. In Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, Forensics, and Surveillance Technologies IV, herausgegeben von Henri Bouma, Robert J. Stokes, Yitzhak Yitzhaky und Radhakrishna Prabhu. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2573548.
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„Psycho-Behavioral and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency in Wasit Province at 2016 To 2020“. In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.766.
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BACKGROUND: one of the serious behavioral problems that affect youth health mentally, physically and socially is Juvenile delinquency. The act by a juvenile is considered delinquency if it is considered a crime when committed by an adult, as well as illegal acts because of offenders age.OBJECTIVE: Is to determine the psycho-behavioral and socio-economic profile of juvenile offenders in Wasit Province. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional hospital-based study targeted all delinquents (n=510) who referred by criminal courts to psychiatric unit for personality study using ICD-10 clinical based interview during 2016 to 2020. Data collected from files of offenders by a routine interviewing (with highly secured information). RESULTS: The mean age ±SD of the indicted was 17.9±2.9 years, male youths consist 96%, with a history of low socioeconomic status, 74% of them lived within family size of ≥7 members; 50% rank in 1st. to 3rd. in among all siblings in their families; 17% losses their fathers. Of total sample, one-half of offenders presented with school dropout and 44% engaged in premature labor. Most of youth presented with good mental health, sometimes they appear with consistent personality only 19 (4%) of them presented with speech and movement disorder, and unstable and uncooperative personality. Of 290 delinquents; 108 (37%) were tobacco smoker and 43 (15%) presented with tattoo. Dropout offenders presented with fourfold smoking and tattoo than students with an Odds Ratios of 3.8 (95% CI 2.25-6.4), and 4.0 (95% CI 1.9-8.7) respectively. 5% of youths have a history of previous offence. (38%) of offenders accused with theft or robbery crimes followed by homicide (16%) and physical fighting or scrimmage (12%). CONCLUSIONS: According to the psychiatric interview, the majority of the indicted were not mentally ill. Low socioeconomic status, live in large family, losses fathers, school dropout, and premature work all these factors may contribute to increase the burden of juvenile delinquency in Wasit province. The prevalence of healthy risk behavior in school dropout delinquents more than in students. Theft and robbery, homicide and physical fighting as a crimes were on the top of the list. Educational and health programs that encourage children to enrolled school and increase awareness of negative impact of juvenile delinquency on individual and community should be considered urgently.
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Jiang, Qiancheng. „CRISPR-Cas9 system applications in cancer models“. In International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBIOMed2022), herausgegeben von Gary Royle und Steven M. Lipkin. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2669382.
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Zhang, Liuyijia. „CRISPR/Cas system in human genetic diseases“. In Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023), herausgegeben von Alan Wang. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3012830.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Biological Crises"
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Arora, Sanjana, Hulda Mjöll Gunnarsdottir und Kristin Sørung Scharffscher. Gendered dimensions of the COVID-19 Pandemic. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.255.
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This report forms part of the deliverables produced by the international research project Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak (PAN-FIGHT), funded by the Norwegian Research Council. It provides an overview of project findings pertaining the gender dimensions of the pandemic, with a particular focus on risk perceptions, compliance and vulnerability. The COVID-19 pandemic has reiterated that the impacts of a crisis are not homogenous. Gender, which encapsulates both biological and socio-cultural ways of being, plays a role in how crises are experienced. This is evidenced by the health, economic as well as societal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic which have affected women and men, girls and boys differently. Knowledge about gendered implications of the pandemic is thus vital for designing equitable policy responses. This report draws on evidence from former research as well as on findings from an online survey conducted as part of the project’s data collection in 2021. The survey, reaching out to respondents in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, investigated public risk perceptions, reactions to governmental of risk communication about COVID-19, compliance with governmental restrictions and risk mitigation measures and vulnerability during the pandemic (N=4206).
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Kolencik, Marian. A critical evaluation of the risk indicators of criminal conduct involving CBRN and explosive materials - Behavioural and observational analysis in crime detection and investigation. ISEM Institute, n.p.o., Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52824/vzrb5079.
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Terrorist attacks using explosives and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) materials have been present throughout history. While the frequency of CBRN terrorist attacks is relatively low compared to those with explosives and other types of weapons, it is crucial to treat the efforts of both terrorist organizations and individuals with appropriate gravity in order to avert catastrophic consequences. Identifying warning signs that indicate criminal behaviour is crucial for preventing planned crimes or terrorist attacks, and there is a need for more precise coverage of potential risk indicators related to CBRN and explosive crimes. This research aimed at examining and scrutinizing possible warning signs associated with planning and conducting terrorist attacks using CBRN and explosive materials. The research was implemented in three phases. First, comprise the systematic literature review. In the second phase, the case studies and CCTV records from past cases from Europe, USA, Australia and Asia were analysed and the aim was to create a list of risk indicators and categories for future reference by developing a methodological tool. The last phase represented a survey in which the practitioners from European Law enforcement and Intelligence Agencies critically assessed the list of risk indicators and their categories created based on the previous two steps of the research. The last goal was to gain the agreement and endorsement of law enforcement officials from different European nations regarding the validity and importance of recognized risk indicators and their categories, as well as their ranking for use in operational tasks, investigations, and training. The majority of the respondents found the identified categories and risk indicators as reliable and relevant for their operational activities and investigations. For the second research question, the survey results prioritized categories of risk indicators that are most suitable for the detection tactics of investigators and intelligence officers. The third research question examined the ease of observing identified risk indicators, with the category of technological detection/air sampling alarm risk indicators ranking as the easiest to detect. Finally, the survey found that the identified risk indicators are useful for training activities of security entities. Several final comments and recommendations from participants were also discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors when identifying risk indicators and the value of the comprehensive list of identified risk indicators. The publication also examines some terrorist theories, the advantages, limitations, and the ongoing debate surrounding the use of profiling in protective security.
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Melnyk, Iurii. Китайська газета Женьмінь Жибао про російсько-українську війну (2022). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11733.
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The objective of the study is to outline the vision of the Russian-Ukrainian war in Renmin Ribao, the main newspaper of the People’s Republic of China. The source base of the research is the content of the Renmin Ribao website during 2022 in English, Spanish, French, Russian, German, Italian, and Portuguese languages. The material was selected using the keywords «Ukraine», «Russia» (and other derivatives), analyzed using induction, vocabulary analysis, classification analysis, and content analysis. Renmin Ribao rarely uses the term “war” to refer to events in Ukraine, resorting to streamlined formulations such as “situation”, “issue”, “crisis”, “conflict” and even “Russian military operation”. The newspaper sees the United States, not Russia, as responsible for the events in Ukraine. Rather, Moscow is a victim of many years of intrigues on the part of the United States, which manifested itself in efforts to restrain and weaken Russia, in particular with the help of Ukraine. The newspaper often reproduces Russian narratives and Russian fakes, disseminates messages typical of Russian propaganda (for example, about biological laboratories in Ukraine), reports on referendums in the occupied Ukrainian territories from the evidence of the Russian RT television channel, about the annexation of four Ukrainian regions from the testimony of Chairman State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin, about the attack on the Crimean bridge from the evidence of the FSB. Renmin Ribao is inclined to the opinion of the harmfulness of anti-Russian sanctions and the impracticality of supplying weapons to Ukraine, sees a priority way out of the Russian-Ukrainian war in an abstract “peace”, and not the victory of Ukraine. The issue in which Renmin Ribao sharply diverges from the position of official Moscow is the identification of the situation in Ukraine and the situation in Taiwan. Drawing parallels between Taiwan and Ukraine is popular in both the Russian and the Western press. However, when the war began to look less and less victorious for Russia, these parallels became unacceptable to both Renmin Ribao and official Beijing. Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war, media of China, Renmin Ribao, anti-Russian sanctions, arms supply to Ukraine, Taiwan.
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Bécu, V., A.-A. Sappin und S. Larmagnat. User-friendly toolkits for geoscientists: how to bring geology experts to the public. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331220.
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A growing number of countries are committed toreduce their carbon emissions and are transitioning towards renewable and clean energy sources, leading to an in crease in demand formetals and minerals. This is especially the case for a short list of what are called "critical minerals" which are considered essential to economic development, including the transition to a low-carbon economy and national security. There liability of their supply chain raises concerns considering geological scarcity, difficulty to extract and/or political factors influencing their availability. At the same time, public awareness and perception of geoscience are eroding and there is more and more reluctance towards mining projects, even from traditionally favourable communities. To face this challenge, promote public interest and outline the contribution of geological science to society, geoscientists of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC-Québec) have designed and put together a portable display that includes a suite of mineral and metal samples considered critical for the sustainable success of Canada's transition towards a clean and digital economy. The display is a user-friendly toolkit that can be used by any GSC geoscientists during outreach activities, in classrooms as well as during public open houses. It comes with straightforward pedagogic material and content, along with presentation scenarios. To broaden and adapt the workshops to specific expectations, additional toolkits were developed and all are contained within easy to carry travel cases. These cover a variety of topics and can be presented as stand-alone displays or be used complementary to one another. For example, the "Mines and minerals" collection may serve as a supplement to the "Critical minerals" display to present every day objects in which minerals are used as well as ores amples from active mines to illustrate the intertwining between mining activities and our everyday lives. Another display covers the ever-popular fossils thematic with the "Sedimentary rocks and fossils" collection and gives an opportunity to address key geoscience themes such as life evolution and biological crisis along with groundwater reservoirs and resources. The "Magmatic rocks" display touches on the formation of rocks from magmas, the different types and active processes of volcanoes, and discusses the risks and benefits related to volcanic activity. Hopefully, these four ready-to-use portable displays will encourage more GSC geoscientists to engage in public oriented activities to make geosciences more accessible, change perceptions and offer an overall tangible scientific experience for people.
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Avni, Adi, und Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.
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Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Emilia Flores, Christopher Jepson, Jaya Aysola, Jordana Cohen, Michael Harhay et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer268.
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Objectives. To examine the evidence on whether and how healthcare algorithms (including algorithm-informed decision tools) exacerbate, perpetuate, or reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes, and examine strategies that mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development and use of algorithms. Data sources. We searched published and grey literature for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2023. Based on expert guidance, we determined that earlier articles are unlikely to reflect current algorithms. We also hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and reviewed suggestions from experts and stakeholders. Review methods. Searches identified 11,500 unique records. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we screened and selected studies to assess one or both Key Questions (KQs): (1) the effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare outcomes and (2) the effect of strategies or approaches to mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development, validation, dissemination, and implementation of algorithms. Outcomes of interest included access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes. We assessed studies’ methodologic risk of bias (ROB) using the ROBINS-I tool and piloted an appraisal supplement to assess racial and ethnic equity-related ROB. We completed a narrative synthesis and cataloged study characteristics and outcome data. We also examined four Contextual Questions (CQs) designed to explore the context and capture insights on practical aspects of potential algorithmic bias. CQ 1 examines the problem’s scope within healthcare. CQ 2 describes recently emerging standards and guidance on how racial and ethnic bias can be prevented or mitigated during algorithm development and deployment. CQ 3 explores stakeholder awareness and perspectives about the interaction of algorithms and racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. We addressed these CQs through supplemental literature reviews and conversations with experts and key stakeholders. For CQ 4, we conducted an in-depth analysis of a sample of six algorithms that have not been widely evaluated before in the published literature to better understand how their design and implementation might contribute to disparities. Results. Fifty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, of which three were included for both KQs. One study was a randomized controlled trial, and all others used cohort, pre-post, or modeling approaches. The studies included numerous types of clinical assessments: need for intensive care or high-risk care management; measurement of kidney or lung function; suitability for kidney or lung transplant; risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer, prostate cancer, postpartum depression, or opioid misuse; and warfarin dosing. We found evidence suggesting that algorithms may: (a) reduce disparities (i.e., revised Kidney Allocation System, prostate cancer screening tools); (b) perpetuate or exacerbate disparities (e.g., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] for kidney function measurement, cardiovascular disease risk assessments); and/or (c) have no effect on racial or ethnic disparities. Algorithms for which mitigation strategies were identified are included in KQ 2. We identified six types of strategies often used to mitigate the potential of algorithms to contribute to disparities: removing an input variable; replacing a variable; adding one or more variables; changing or diversifying the racial and ethnic composition of the patient population used to train or validate a model; creating separate algorithms or thresholds for different populations; and modifying the statistical or analytic techniques used by an algorithm. Most mitigation efforts improved proximal outcomes (e.g., algorithmic calibration) for targeted populations, but it is more challenging to infer or extrapolate effects on longer term outcomes, such as racial and ethnic disparities. The scope of racial and ethnic bias related to algorithms and their application is difficult to quantify, but it clearly extends across the spectrum of medicine. Regulatory, professional, and corporate stakeholders are undertaking numerous efforts to develop standards for algorithms, often emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and representativeness. Conclusions. Algorithms have been shown to potentially perpetuate, exacerbate, and sometimes reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Disparities were reduced when race and ethnicity were incorporated into an algorithm to intentionally tackle known racial and ethnic disparities in resource allocation (e.g., kidney transplant allocation) or disparities in care (e.g., prostate cancer screening that historically led to Black men receiving more low-yield biopsies). It is important to note that in such cases the rationale for using race and ethnicity was clearly delineated and did not conflate race and ethnicity with ancestry and/or genetic predisposition. However, when algorithms include race and ethnicity without clear rationale, they may perpetuate the incorrect notion that race is a biologic construct and contribute to disparities. Finally, some algorithms may reduce or perpetuate disparities without containing race and ethnicity as an input. Several modeling studies showed that applying algorithms out of context of original development (e.g., illness severity scores used for crisis standards of care) could perpetuate or exacerbate disparities. On the other hand, algorithms may also reduce disparities by standardizing care and reducing opportunities for implicit bias (e.g., Lung Allocation Score for lung transplantation). Several mitigation strategies have been shown to potentially reduce the contribution of algorithms to racial and ethnic disparities. Results of mitigation efforts are highly context specific, relating to unique combinations of algorithm, clinical condition, population, setting, and outcomes. Important future steps include increasing transparency in algorithm development and implementation, increasing diversity of research and leadership teams, engaging diverse patient and community groups in the development to implementation lifecycle, promoting stakeholder awareness (including patients) of potential algorithmic risk, and investing in further research to assess the real-world effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities before widespread implementation.