Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Biographies memoirs general aas“

The article is devoted to the consideration of the little-studied period in the history of one of the leading newspapers of the Caucasian region – the newspaper «Kavkaz» – from 1900 to 1910. This is a period of frequent change of editors, whose creative biographies require careful research and reconstruction based on archival data, memoirs, reference and newspaper sources. The study of the existing gap is of undoubted interest for the restoration of the general picture of the development of the regional media landscape in the process of cardinal political, economic and socio-cultural shifts, which are reflected in the publishing policy of the analyzed periodical. The first decade of the XX century was marked by a number of structural transformations in the editorial practices of most of newspapers and magazines of the Russian Empire both in capitals and in individual territories, which, in its turn, was associated with the construction of a new system of native parliamentary system of government with all its costs, the emergence of a radicalized party press, changing the existing censorship format. The newspaper «Kavkaz», published in the capital of a huge region, became a kind of «mirror» of all these transformations, tracking the course of events in its constituent regions and provinces. In a paradoxical way, it combined in its content the position of the regional administration and the political preferences of individual editors, entered into discussions on a number of socially significant issues, actively polemicized not only with competing Tiflis press, including those published in Georgian and Armenian languages, but also with the metropolitan newspapers, including the influential newspaper «Novoye Vremya», edited by A.S. Suvorin in St. Petersburg. The main part of the political activity of the newspaper «Kavkaz» was quite expected in 1906-1907, which coincided with the editorial searches of P.A. Opochinin. In the course of the study, a number of bio-bibliographic facts (years of life, pseudonyms, main publications) were restored by editors M.M. Tebenkov, K.N. Begichev, P.A. Opochinin.

Welcome to volume 62 of Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , the 2016 edition. It is a particular honour to take over as Editor-in-Chief of Biographical Memoirs since I have long valued the excellent biographies written by our colleagues to celebrate the lives of Fellows of the Society. I have had the experience of writing three memoirs and so fully appreciate the effort needed to create a lasting memorial to those commemorated.

The aim : to consider the application of prosopographic approaches in the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that laid the conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of the Southern Ukraine in the 20th century; to analyze the potential of prosopography for researching general processes. The article considers the application of the prosopographic method to the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that created conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of southern Ukraine in the twentieth century. Modern historical science suggests that individuals having their own little life stories are present behind all processes and events. New directions and principles of historical research are becoming increasingly important. The prosopographic method is one of them. Under prosopography we understand the scientific method of studying individual biographies of authors of historical sources in order to create a “collective biography” of a certain social group on their basis. Methods: analytical, historical, comparative, system-structural. The article author uses methods of specific scientific activity, empirical research and general logic. Practical meaning: recommended for use by scholars for historical research; provides opportunities for the use of this issue in theoretical and methodological and source studies. Originality: research, in particular on the choice of research source base and methodology of its analysis. Scientific novelty: creation of a collective portrait of a peasant author of a memoir source. Conclusions: on the basis of the analysis with the involvement of prosopographic research methods we have the opportunity to create a conditional collective portrait of a peasant of the Southern Ukraine of the twentieth century, the author of the memoir. When creating a “biography” of a peasant author, the following features are distinguished: common social origin, primary education, teaching and educational skills, psychological characteristics, propensity for creative activity, external influences. The materials collected by the researchers from the Zaporizhzhia branch of the NASU Institute of Ukrainian Archaeography and Source Studies named after M. S. Hrushevsky and the History Faculty of the Zaporizhzhia National University and published as a part of collections titled “Sources on the History of the Southern Ukraine”, “Antiquities of the Southern Ukraine” and “Ascension Antiquities”, are used as sources in the analysis. The purpose of the current investigation is to identify the causes and conditions that prompted particular peasants of the Southern Ukraine to create their own historical narrative – memoirs. Another goal is to create a “collective portrait” of an average author using prosopographic methods. The article investigates through the analysis of biographies the background of peasant authors, which singled them out from the general mass of peasants. It also highlights an “average author” as a “historical figure” and analyzes his attribution to a particular era, place, social group and culture. The use of prosopographic methods in the study of biographies of Southern Ukrainian peasants, who distinguished themselves by creating their own memoirs, allows to determine those aspects of the era and the position of the little man who chose to create their own historical excursions contrary to general trends and understanding the risks of totalitarian system. The creation of prosopographical (collective biographies) portraits of peasant authors is a very important component of the reproduction of general processes that created the conditions for the emergence of peasant narrative sources. The author tries to highlight the modern era in all its aspects through the prism of individual biographies and works of peasant authors. Type of article: scientific and theoretical.

The article is devoted to researching the work of N. Romanovych-Tkachenko, a representative of the generation of female writers of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s, from the perspective of gender discourse. Women's literature of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s-1930s is an understudied and not updated phenomenon of the Ukrainian literary process of that time. Most of the texts of women writers were unnoticed by literary critics, and the problems that were raised in their texts turned out to be "uninteresting" for the then, generally male, literary critics. Instead, we note the emergence of a new generation of women writers in Ukrainian literature, formed not only by the national tradition, but also by the first wave of European feminism. They radicalize the women's issue and put forward other, unlike their predecessors, aesthetic demands on artistic texts. At the same time, it was women writers who continued the traditions of modern Ukrainian literature, in particular bright individual writing. Most of them told the reader about their biographies for the first time in the form of memories, diaries, memoirs. The peculiarity of these biographies is that they reveal a striking discrepancy between the expectations of women from the gender policy of the Bolsheviks and the revolutionary, post-revolutionary reality. We can see two biographies of the writer by comparing the artistic texts and autobiographical memories of N. Romanovych-Tkachenko. One of them is imaginary, constructed by the author on the basis of her own life project, and the second is real, as the writer lived. These two biographies in different genre forms are presented in the writer's work. Imaginary biography is described in the experience of the characters of fictional texts, while real biography is represented by the memoir genre, in particular, the diaries and memoirs of the author. The difference between these two life scenarios shaped the feminist outlook of N. Romnovich-Tkachenko and many other modern women writers.

In recent years there have been an increasing number of biographies and autobiographies written by the leading figures of the British punk scene of the Seventies and Eighties. As we pass the 40th anniversary of 1977, it can be argued that the British punk scene has also ‘come of age’ in academia with a number of retrospectives that examine not only the contemporary impact of punk in the Seventies but also the legacy of the punk movement in shaping British culture. With a focus on John Lydon’s text Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs (1993) and Viv Albertine’s Clothes, Clothes, Clothes. Music, Music, Music. Boys, Boys, Boys (2014), this article will examine how these autobiographies draw attention to ways in which the British sub-cultural scene offered a platform through which British culture and identity could be reassessed as anti-American and anti-capitalist. This study will also highlight to what extent the self-reflexive framing of these personal narratives within the larger political, cultural and social landscape, can be read as a characteristic feature of the British punk memoir. Through these texts it is possible to uncover the pivotal role of the British punk scene in the development of a counter cultural identity that mirrored changes in the contemporary national identity. As such, punk memoirs, biographies and autobiographies not only give perspectives on a subversive youth cultural scene but, perhaps more importantly, can offer unique insights into the evolution of post-imperial British identity.

This article aims to present the Ukrainian war refugees’ experience. Twenty-one interviews focused on autobiographical memoirs of Ukrainian war refugees were collected during the field research project in Poland and Germany in the summer and autumn of 2022. The text aimed to point out the peculiarities of Ukrainian refugeeism in the context of its specificity related to the evolution of the phenomenon of migration and forced migration over recent years in Central Europe. The content was analyzed for the fleeing and adaptive context of personal experience. It considers social ties, including family ties, which appeared in the interviewees’ statements. The studied material insights into the course of the war in Ukraine in 2022 from the perspective of civilians. It shows numerous and diverse examples of survival and adaptation activities under armed attacks, during the evacuation, border crossing, and anchoring in the places of their new residence. Due to the dominance of women in the sample, these examples can contribute to the analysis of the specificity of female migration, which differs from the previous profiles of economic migration in the region.

Based on the scientific biographical approach, the history of physics at the Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences is presented in the article as a succession of scientific biographies of prominent historians of physical science with their main scientific accomplishments and historiographic conceptions. About a dozen such leaders were singled out, including several physicists and philosophers of science. Scientific seminars, periodicals and main collective works of historians of physics as well as their participation in the international congresses on the history of science are considered. The period from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s is shown to be the “golden twenty years” of the history of physics at the Institute. The article includes the fragments of the author’s memoirs.

The article is dedicated to the problem of keeping family records by several generations of the peasant family. In the course of the study, diaries and biographies of Borisov-Vityazev, a good kin representing the local lore tradition of Solvychegodsk locality of Vologda Province (nowadays, Krasnoborsk district of Arkhangelsk Region) have been examined. When studying the content of the materials, the general subject and genre features of the recordings were distinguished. The conducted research allowed to establish that within one peasant family, diaries with exclusively practical significance had eventually passed into the category of memoirs with reflexive and ethical principles – personal notes had replaced the pragmatic function of diaries.

There are a number of memoirs/autobiographies and biographies by African writers on their childhoods in Africa. However, many of these texts tend to focus mostly on the child protagonist�s experiences of colonialism, slavery, war, death and deprivation. This article moves away from these narratives of deprivation and trauma, focusing on other versions of African childhoods where the child lives a carefree life devoid of danger and scarcity of resources. Using Camara Laye�s The Dark Child and Wole Soyinka�s Ak�: The Years of Childhood and doing a textual analysis of the content, themes and characters, this article argues that these texts can be read as recollections of nostalgia and memories of a carefree time in the life of two African children, a time that the narrators reminisce upon through the act of retelling in order to revisit the joys and innocence of those days.

The work is devoted to the characterization of two recent works on the economic history of the USSR, which use a fundamentally different approach to describing the Soviet reality. N. Mitrokhin's two-volume edition uses interviews, biographies of representatives of the Soviet elite, and memoirs. In general, his analysis is based on economic sociology and is based on the hypothesis of the rationality of the behavior of Soviet leaders interested in the growth and prosperity of their industries and the USSR as a whole. In the joint work of A. Galushka, A. Niyazmetov, M. Okulov, an implicit hypothesis is introduced about the incompetence and dominance of private, individual interests of Soviet leaders. Formally, they use institutional analysis, but the models identified in the book are identified with individual historical periods in the life of Russia and the USSR and are not comparable. Each of the works under consideration is of great interest, and together they characterize the trend towards continued fragmentation of modern economic history.