Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Biodegradable oils“

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Biodegradable oils"

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Salas, Joaquin J., M. Victoria Ruiz-Méndez und Rafael Garcés. „Prologe: Biodegradable lubricants from vegetable oils“. Grasas y Aceites 62, Nr. 1 (16.02.2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.000111.

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Stanciu, Ioana. „Rheological Behavior of Biodegradable Lubricants“. Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, Nr. 2 (05.04.2019): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350224.

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Biodegradable lubricants are of particular interest from the point of view of environmental protection. Generally, base oils for biodegradable lubricants may be: polyglycols, synthetic ester oils and vegetable oils. The vegetable oils used in this study are: oil sunflower, soybean oil and coconut oil. The rheological study was based on graphical representation of shear velocity based on shear stress using experimental data. The rheological models found in the literature are: Bingham, Casson, Ostwald-de Waele and Herschel-Bulkley. The article proposes three other rheological models of shear speed dependence on shear speed.
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TAKAYANAGI, Masaaki. „Biodegradable Lubricating Oils“. Oleoscience 5, Nr. 10 (2005): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.5.455.

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Rousek, M. „Results of the development of biodegradable oils suitable for forest machines“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 1 (08.02.2012): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4946-rae.

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The paper is a response to the problem of the environment pollution by oil product spills from mechanisms of forest and agricultural machines. The problem can be dealt with through the replacement of mineral oils by biodegradable oils. Information concerning the measurement of parameters of these oils was published by the author. It has been demonstrated that the parameters are broadly suitable with the exception of thermooxidation stability. The paper is, therefore, aimed at improving the thermooxidation stability of biodegradable oils of HETG type. Oil raffinates based on rape oil, methyl esters are delivered in various quality, mostly with a service life of 600 to 2,000 service hours at a temperature of max. 70<sup>o</sup>C. Methods of testing are based on monitoring the change in acid value, viscosity, water content and peroxide number during the service life test. It has been proved that peroxide number characterizes very well thermooxidation stability which is nearly unsatisfactory in raffinates. A method for improving the thermooxidation stability has been proposed using high superheating of oils at the beginning of use and their subsequent treatment. Thus, deep-frying oils (HETG) characterized by a short-term thermal stress appear to be suitable. Through filtration and other treatment three types of samples were developed and tested. The advantage of the procedure consists in the fact that esterification does not occur. Results of the tests are evaluated and compared with properties of traditional raffinates. It is possible to conclude that thermooxidizing stability of the oils has been substantially improved, other parameters in additivated samples are comparable with raffinates.
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González-Reyes, Gabriel A., Susana Bayo-Besteiro, Jordi Vich Llobet und Juan A. Añel. „Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 10 (21.05.2020): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104242.

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Lubricant oil is an essential element in wind and hydropower generation. We present a lifecycle assessment (LCA) of the lubricant oils (mineral, synthetic and biodegradable) used in hydropower and wind power generation. The results are given in terms of energy used, associated emissions and costs. We find that, for the oil turbines and regulation systems considered here, biodegradable oil is a better option in terms of energy and CO2 equivalent emissions than mineral or synthetic oils, from production and recycling through to handling. However, synthetic and mineral oils are better options due to the potential risks associated with the use of biodegradable oil, generally when it comes into contact with water. There are also significant savings to be made in the operation of wind turbines when using an improved type of synthetic oil.
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Kučera, M., und M. Rousek. „Evaluation of thermooxidation stability of biodegradable recycled rapeseed-based oil NAPRO-HO 2003“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 4 (16.10.2008): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2008-rae.

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The paper deals with the problems of introducing biodegradable oils in relation to the environmental protection. In the course of the research, the parameters were tested and improved of a number of rapeseed-based oils. Thus, two groups of oils were created to enable to distinguish raffinates and recycled oils. Recycling can remove the greatest disadvantage of raffinates, namely their thermo-oxidation instability, which becomes evident particularity by the formation of hardenable polymer deposits. The deposits result in the loss of the function of the components of the hydraulic circuit and gearbox. The methods of testing are based on the follow-up of the changes in acid value, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, water content, and peroxide number during the service life test. It has been proved that peroxide number characterises very well the thermo-oxidation stability, which is nearly unsatisfactory in raffinates. Within the cooperation in the international program KONTAKT, compliance tests were carried out of recycled rapeseed-based oil NAPRO 2003 in a hydraulic circuit and gearboxes. Their results are compared with the parameters of the best-recycled oils available.
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Kučera, Marián, und Zdeněk Aleš. „Morphology Analysis of Friction Particles Generated in Tractor Transmission Oils“. Acta Technologica Agriculturae 20, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2017-0012.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was the examination of the morphological and compositional attributes of wear particles of tested universal tractor transmission oil (UTTO) samples by means of automatic particle counter and classifier LaserNetFinesTM-C, which is an ideal tool to establish the dynamic equilibrium concentration and hence to set the alarm limits for any type of machine. Such limits can be based on wear type and particle size ranges. The samples of two UTTO (mineral oil and biodegradable fully synthetic oil) were taken from the rear gearboxes of the wheel tractor during a long-term experiment. The measurement results showed that there was faster increase in the particle wear of mineral oil in comparison to biodegradable transmission oil. Considering the increase in the percentage of particles over 20 μm, the biodegradable oil seems to be more favourable for usage. Regardless of this, it can be concluded that the biodegradable oil is equivalent to petroleum-based oils.
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Buczek, Bronislaw, und Anna Zajezierska. „Biodegradable lubricating greases containing used frying oil as additives“. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, Nr. 4 (08.06.2015): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2013-0082.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper was to investigate the possibility of reusing frying oil, obtained during thermal treatment of food in fast-food restaurants for production of plastic greases. Design/methodology/approach – In accordance with the proposed research concept, the used frying oil was to be the base oil of biodegradable plastic greases thickened with calcium 12-hydroxystearate and lithium 12-hydroxystearate. These studies included the determination of the effect of variable amounts of used oil component in the base oil on the properties of the resultant plastic greases. Findings – It was found that the optimum amount of the component in the base oil is 10-15 per cent. Calcium and lithium greases prepared in such a way possess a quality to that of greases prepared with fresh rapeseed oil. Research limitations/implications – Higher concentrations of used frying oil in the base oil adversely affect the degree of thickening, thixotropic properties and dropping point of the grease, as well as, creating technological problems. Practical implications – The investigations, beside their research goals have also a practical character – recycling waste material in place of its present method of disposal. Originality/value – One of the least expensive material, and most commonly used to produce biodegradable lubricants are vegetable oils. In recent years, besides introducing biodegradable lubricating oils, increasing interest is observed in the use of plastic greases of high biodegradability. Now, it is possible to obtain such greases with additive of used frying oils. Biodegradable greases are used as lubrication of open gear, food production equipment, central lubrication system in cars and railway engineering.
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Rogoś, Elżbieta. „THE NON-NORMATIVE TESTS OF THE OPERATIONAL SUITABILITY OF BIODEGRADABLE HYDRAULIC OILS“. Tribologia 288, Nr. 6 (31.12.2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7773.

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The paper presented the results of tests on the operational properties of industrial oils based on plants carried out by methods not covered by subject standards. It was a method for testing the thermo-oxidative resistance of oils using an actual hydraulic stand and a method for testing the resistance of oils to the action of microorganisms in an aqueous environment. The results of tests on biodegradable hydraulic oil based on a mixture of rapeseed and castor oil were presented. The usefulness of methods for assessing the operational properties of oils was demonstrated, in particular at the stage of composition.
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Ab Ghani, Siti Soleha, und Nor Asiah Muhamad. „Review on Dissolved Fault Gases in Monitoring Bio-Oil Filled Transformer“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 818 (Januar 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.818.69.

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The combination of solid insulation (usually cellulose paper) and liquid insulation (usually mineral oil) yield good dielectric properties at fair cost. However, arising concerns on environmental effect of mineral oil when leakage and its risk of fire has force researches for alternative fluids. One of the suitable options for replacement of mineral oil is biodegradable oil that is plant-based, high biodegradability, non-toxicity and high fire point. Some refining and modification to crude vegetable oils resulting to suitable transformer dielectric fluid such as BIOTEMP®, ENVIROTEMP® FR3 and PFAE (palm fatty acid ester). Application of these oils in small scale distribution transformers give positive feedback so far, hence, led to development of biodegradable oil-based large power transformer. Monitoring of the oil for power transformer is important to ensure its reliability and avoid unnecessary cost of failure. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is one of the methods for oil monitoring of transformer. This method analyzes oil condition to detect incipient faults so that relevant actions can be made before actual failures occur. This paper will review the hydrocarbon gases or known as faults gases for monitoring and faults diagnosis for mineral and biodegradable oil-filled transformer. Past works about DGA on biodegradable oil such as sunflower, soybean, and corn oil are analyzed. Any different on gases production of oil through different tests will be discuss further in this paper.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Biodegradable oils"

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Valverde, Sarmiento Carmen. „10-Undecenoic acid-based biodegradable hydroxy polyesters: a platform for aminoacid bioconjugates and PEG-derived amphiphilic copolymers“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664715.

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El gran desenvolupament que actualment estan experimentant els biopolímers es deu fonamentalment als alts preus i a la disminució de les reserves de petroli, juntament amb la preocupació que existeix avui en dia en matèria de sostenibilitat ambiental. Entre els polímers d'origen renovable, els polièsters alifàtics són dels més estudiats ja que es consideren molt adequats per aplicacions com a biomaterials a causa de la seva biocompatibilitat i biodegradabilitat. En aquesta tesi s'han preparat polièsters renovables mitjançant química sostenible i utilitzant derivats de l'oli de ricí, com a producte de partença. Concretament, s'han fet servir reaccions amb àcid 10-undecenoïc per obtenir els monòmers, que contenen grups funcionals àcid carboxílic i epòxid o alcohol. Tots dos tipus de monòmer són capaços d'experimentar polimerització, obtenint així polímers lineals i ramificats amb grups hidroxilo funcionalitzables. S'ha demostrat que aquests polímers són degradables enzimàtica i hidrolíticament. A més a més s'han modificat aquests polièsters amb diferents biomolècules com els aminoàcids. Finalment, utilitzant enzims com a catalitzador s'han sintetitzat copoliésters de bloc i d’empelt a partir d'aquests monòmers o polièsters i derivats del polietilenglicol. Com a resultat s’han obtingut polímers amfifílics capaços de formar micel·les en les quals és possible encapsular drogues per ser alliberades de forma controlada.
El gran desarrollo que están experimentando actualmente los biopolímeros se debe fundamentalmente a los altos precios y disminución de las reservas de petróleo, junto con la preocupación que existe hoy en día en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental. Entre los polímeros de origen renovable los poliésteres alifáticos son los que se han estudiado en mayor profundidad por ser los más adecuados como biomateriales, debido a su biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad. En esta tesis se han preparado poliésteres renovables mediante química sostenible y el uso de derivados de aceite de ricino como materia de partida. Concretamente, se han usado reacciones a partir del ácido 10-undecenoico para obtener monómeros que contienen grupos funcionales ácido carboxílico y epóxido o alcohol. Ambos monómeros son capaces de experimentar polimerización, obteniendo así polímeros lineales y ramificados con grupos hidroxilo funcionalizables. Se ha demostrado que estos polímeros son degradables enzimática e hidrolíticamente. Además, estos poliésteres se han modificado con diferentes biomoléculas como aminoácidos. Finalmente, utilizando enzimas como catalizador se han sintetizado copoliésteres de bloque y de injerto a partir de estos monómeros o poliésteres y derivados del polientilenglicol. Como resultado, se han obtenido polímeros amfifílicos capaces de formar micelas, en las cuales es posible encapsular drogas para ser liberadas de forma controlada.
Currently biopolymers experienced a great development due to the high prices and decrease of petroleum reserves along with the concern increasing in terms of environmental sustainability. Aliphatic polyesters are among the most studied polymers from renewable resources, because they are considered very suitable for applications as biomaterials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this thesis, renewable polyesters have been prepared from derivatives of vegetable castor oil and using sustainable chemistry. Specifically, 10-undecenoic acid has been used to synthesize the monomers which contain carboxylic acid and epoxide or alcohol. These monomers by polymerization lead to linear or branched polymers with available reactive hydroxyl groups. It has been shown that these polymers are enzymatically and hydrolytically degradable. In addition, these polyesters have been modified with different biomolecules as aminoacids. Finally, using enzymes as catalyst have been synthesized block and grafted copolyesters from these monomers or polyesters and polyethylene glycol derivatives. As result, amphiphilic polymers capable of forming micelles have been synthesized, which can encapsulate drugs to be released.
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Valencia, Sullca Cristina Encarnación. „Different strategies to obtain antimicrobial biodegradable films for food applications, using starch and/or chitosan with or without essential oils“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89094.

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El desarrollo de materiales de envase biodegradables activos es uno de los retos de la sociedad para resolver los problemas medioambientales asociados a los residuos plásticos y mejorar la conservación de los alimentos, alargando su vida útil. En la presente Tesis Doctoral, se han analizado diferentes estrategias para la obtención y caracterización de películas biodegradables a base de hidrocoloides (almidón de yuca (A) y quitosano (Q)) con características antimicrobianas. Se obtuvieron películas bioactivas gracias a la incorporación de aceites esenciales de capacidad antimicrobiana comprobada: hoja de canela (AC), orégano (AO) y eugenol (EU). Los agentes activos se incorporaron en la matriz polimérica de quitosano por homogenización o encapsulación en liposomas de lecitina o microesferas de alginato, y las películas se obtuvieron mediante casting. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las películas se analizaron en función de su composición, así como su actividad antimicrobiana mediante análisis in vitro e in vivo. Se obtuvieron películas por termo- compresión, a base de mezclas A-Q, con dos proporciones polímeros: plastificante (70:30 y 60:40). Las propiedades estructurales, térmicas y físicas de las películas de almidón de yuca obtenidas se vieron afectadas por la incorporación de Q y la proporción polímero: plastificante. Las películas con la mayor proporción de plastificante tuvieron mayor contenido en humedad y fueron más permeables al vapor de agua, menos rígidas y menos resistentes a la rotura. La incorporación de Q tuvo un efecto positivo sobre las propiedades mecánicas de las películas, que aumentaron su rigidez y resistencia a la fractura, reduciéndose su extensibilidad. Sin embargo, el A y Q presentaron una miscibilidad limitada por mezclado en fundido, y las películas exhibieron una estructura heterogénea. A su vez, el polietilenglicol se cristalizó en gran medida en las películas, lo que limitó su efecto plastificante. La incorporación de quitosano proporcionó a las películas sólo una ligera actividad antimicrobiana. Se obtuvieron películas bicapa por procesado en seco de A y vertido/secado de una capa de Q. Ambos polímeros mostraron buena adhesión interfacial, y las bicapas mostraron mejor resistencia mecánica que las monocapas de almidón, aunque fueron menos extensibles debido al efecto de la interfase sobre la fractura. El quitosano fue efectivo en el control del crecimiento bacteriano en carne picada de cerdo, aunque su eficiencia se vio reducida debido al tratamiento térmico en las bicapas, lo que parece indicar la pérdida de grupos amino durante el tratamiento. La incorporación de los aceites esenciales (AC y AO) no mejoró la acción antimicrobiana en las monocapas y bicapas de CH al aplicarse sobre carne de cerdo picada. Se incorporaron aceite esencial de hoja de canela (AC) y eugenol (EU) en películas de Q utilizando nanoliposomas de lecitina. La encapsulación permitió una elevada proporción de retención de compuestos volátiles. La migración total de las películas en simulantes hidrofílicos superó el límite legal establecido para materiales de envase en contacto con alimentos. Sin embargo, la encapsulación en nanoliposomas redujo la migración en todos los simulantes. En ensayos in vitro de eficacia antimicrobiana, todas las películas fueron efectivas frente a L. innocua y E. coli, sin efecto significativo del compuesto activo ni del modo de incorporación. Sin embargo, la encapsulación propició una liberación controlada y sostenida en el tiempo en muestras de carne de cerdo almacenadas durante 13 días a 10 ºC. Se obtuvieron microesferas de alginato con eugenol y se incorporaron en películas de quitosano, cuyas propiedades físicas y estructurales se vieron afectadas. Las microesferas fueron visibles en la estructura de las películas por SEM. La incorporación de las microesfereas promovió una mejora significativa en las propiedad
El desenvolupament de materials d'envàs biodegradables actius és un dels reptes de la societat per a resoldre els problemes mediambientals associats als residus plàstics i millorar la conservació dels aliments, allargant la seua vida útil. En la present Tesi Doctoral, s'han analitzat diferents estratègies per a l'obtenció i caracterització de pel·lícules biodegradables de hidrocoloids (midó de mandioca i quitosano amb característiques antimicrobianes. Es van obtenir pel·lícules bioactives gràcies a la incorporació d'olis essencials de capacitat antimicrobiana comprovada: fulla de canyella (AC), orenga (AO) i eugenol (EU). Els agents actius es van incorporar en la matriu polimèrica de quitosano per homogenització o encapsulació en liposomes de lecitina o microesferes d'alginato, i les pel·lícules es van obtenir per "casting". Les propietats fisicoquímiques de les pel·lícules es van analitzar en funció de la seua composició, així com la seua activitat antimicrobiana mitjançant anàlisi in vitro i in vivo. Es van obtenir pel·lícules per termo- compressió de mescles midó-quitosano, amb dues proporcions polímers:plastificant (70:30 i 60:40). Les propietats estructurals, tèrmiques i físiques de les pel·lícules de midó de yuca obtingudes es van veure afectades per la incorporació de quitosano i la proporció polímer:plastificant. Les pel·lícules amb la major proporció de plastificant van tenir major contingut en humitat i van ser més permeables al vapor d'aigua, menys rígides i menys resistents al trencament. La incorporació de quitosano va tenir un efecte positiu sobre les propietats mecàniques de les pel·lícules, que van augmentar la seua rigidesa i resistència a la fractura, reduint-se la seua extensibilitat. No obstant açò, el midó i quitosano van presentar una miscibilidad limitada per termoprocessat, i les pel·lícules van exhibir una estructura heterogènia. El polietilenglicol va cristal·litzar en gran manera en les pel·lícules, la qual cosa va limitar el seu efecte plastificant. La incorporació de quitosano va proporcionar a les pel·lícules només una lleugera activitat antimicrobiana. Es van obtenir pel·lícules bicapa formades per una capa de midó obtinguda per processament en sec i un altra capa de quitosano obtinguda per "casting". Tots dos polímers van mostrar bona adhesió interfacial, i les bicapes van mostrar millor resistència mecànica que les monocapes de midó, encara que van ser menys extensibles a causa de l'efecte de la interfase sobre la fractura. El quitosano va ser efectiu en el control del creixement bacterià en carn picada de porc, encara que la seua eficiència es va veure reduïda a causa del tractament tèrmic en les bicapes, la qual cosa sembla indicar la pèrdua de grups amino durant el tractament. La incorporació dels olis essencials (AC i AO) no va millorar l'acció antimicrobiana en les monocapes i bicapes de CH en aplicar-se sobre carn de porc. Es van incorporar oli essencial de fulla de canyella (AC) i eugenol (EU) en pel·lícules de quitosano utilitzant nanoliposomes de lecitina. L'encapsulació va permetre una elevada proporció de retenció de compostos volàtils. La migració total de les pel·lícules en simulants hidrofílics va superar el límit legal establert per a materials d'envàs en contacte amb aliments. No obstant açò, l'encapsulació en nanoliposomes va reduir la migració en tots els simulants. En assajos in vitro d'eficàcia antimicrobiana, totes les pel·lícules van ser efectives enfront de L. innocua i E. coli, sense efecte significatiu del compost actiu ni de la manera d'incorporació. No obstant açò, l'encapsulació va propiciar un alliberament controlat i sostinguda en el temps en mostres de carn de porc emmagatzemades durant 13 dies a 10 ºC. Es van obtenir microesferes d'alginato amb eugenol i es van incorporar en pel·lícules de quitosano, les propietats físiques i estructurals de les quals es v
Valencia Sullca, CE. (2017). Different strategies to obtain antimicrobial biodegradable films for food applications, using starch and/or chitosan with or without essential oils [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/89094
TESIS
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Queiroz, Sonia Regina da Silva. „Estudo do metabolismo de ácidos graxos em Pseudomonas putida visando a modulação da composição monomérica de elastômero biodegradável“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-09032009-162432/.

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Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para modular a composição de elastômeros biodegradáveis da família dos polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA), produzidos por Pseudomonas, a partir de ácidos graxos ou óleos vegetais, para diversificar suas aplicações, sobretudo pela inserção de monômeros insaturados. A composição do PHA produzido variou com o tipo de ácido graxo fornecido e com sua proporção em misturas. Em genomas seqüenciados, detectaram-se dois genes fadH (codificador de 2,4-dienoilCoA hidratase) em P. aeruginosa e apenas um em outras Pseudomonas. Observou-se uma correlação entre o número de cópias de fadH no genoma e maior eficiência na oxidação de ácidos graxos insaturados. Mutantes afetados no metabolismo de ácidos graxos insaturados foram obtidos utilizando-se transposon, alguns destes mutantes apresentaram maior eficiência na incorporação de monômeros insaturados ao PHA. A clonagem e seqüenciamento de fragmentos de DNA interrompidos pelo transposon permitiram a identificação dos genes afetados nesses mutantes.
Different strategies were applied to modulate the composition of biodegradable elastomeric polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulated by Pseudomonas from fatty acids and plant oils, in order to improve the applications of this material, mainly by unsaturated monomer insertion. PHA composition varied both with fatty acid type and fatty acids ratio in mixtures supplied. Analysis of genome sequences revealed two fadH (encoding 2,4-dienoyl-CoA hydratase) copies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and only one in other Pseudomonas species. The number of fadH copies in the genome was related to the higher oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Transposon-induced mutants affected on unsaturated fatty acids metabolism were obtained, some of them showing higher efficiency to incorporate unsaturated monomers do the PHA. Cloning and sequencing of transposon-disrupted DNA regions allowed to identify the genes affected in those mutants.
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Figueroa, López Kelly Johana. „Biodegradable Mono and Multilayer Materials with Antimicrobial Capacity Based on Circular Bioeconomy of Application Interest in Food Packaging“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/168439.

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[ES] El envasado activo es una de las tecnologías emergentes más relevantes de la industria alimentaria. Su objetivo es interactuar con el espacio de cabeza del envase para controlar las reacciones enzimáticas, químicas, físicas y microbiológicas que deterioran los alimentos por medio de la absorción o liberación. La actual tesis doctoral trata originalmente del desarrollo y la caracterización de estructuras de envasado de alimentos activas y biodegradables mono y multicapa basadas en materiales de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) electroestirados derivados de estrategias de bioeconomía circular. Con el fin de dotar con propiedades activas los materiales de envasado, se incorporaron a los PHA aceites esenciales, extractos naturales, nanopartículas metálicas o combinaciones de los mismos mediante electrospinning de soluciones. Las fibras resultantes de PHA por electrospinning se recocieron para obtener monocapas continuas que, posteriormente, se combinaron con películas de polímeros biodegradables fundidas, sopladas o fundidas con disolventes y/o con revestimientos de barrera de nanocristales de celulosa bacteriana (CNC) para desarrollar novedosos sistemas multicapa con propiedades antimicrobianas y de barrera. Estos sistemas multicapas basados en PHA presentaron un buen rendimiento térmico y mecánico, así como altas propiedades de barrera a los vapores y gases. Las películas activas también mostraron mejores propiedades antioxidantes y una alta actividad antimicrobiana contra las bacterias transmitidas por los alimentos tanto en sistemas abiertos como, lo que es más importante, en sistemas cerrados, que pueden imitar las condiciones de envasado en casos reales. Por lo tanto, los materiales y prototipos desarrollados en este trabajo pueden ser muy prometedores como materiales de envasado, para constituir bandejas, flow packs y tapas, siendo completamente renovables y también biodegradables, con una potencial capacidad de aumentar tanto la calidad, como la seguridad de los productos alimenticios en el nuevo contexto de la Bioeconomía Circular.
[CA] L'envasament actiu és una de les tecnologies emergents més rellevants de la indústria alimentària. El seu objectiu és interactuar amb l'espai de cap de l'envàs per controlar les reaccions enzimàtiques, químiques, físiques i microbiològiques que deterioren els aliments per mitjà de l'absorció o alliberament. L'actual tesi doctoral tracta originalment de el desenvolupament i la caracterització d'estructures d'envasat d'aliments actives i biodegradables mono i multicapa basades en materials de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) electroestirados derivats d'estratègies de bioeconomia circular. Per tal de dotar amb propietats actives dels materials d'envasat, es van incorporar als PHA olis essencials, extractes naturals, nanopartícules metàl·liques o combinacions dels mateixos mitjançant electrospinning de solucions. Les fibres resultants de PHA per electrospinning es recocieron per obtenir monocapes contínues que, posteriorment, es van combinar amb pel·lícules de polímers biodegradables foses, bufades o foses amb dissolvents i / o amb revestiments de barrera de nanocristalls de cel·lulosa bacteriana (CNC) per desenvolupar nous sistemes multicapa amb propietats antimicrobianes i de barrera. Aquests sistemes multicapes basats en PHA van presentar un bon rendiment tèrmic i mecànic, així com altes propietats de barrera als vapors i gasos. Les pel·lícules actives també van mostrar millors propietats antioxidants i una alta activitat antimicrobiana contra bacteris transmeses pels aliments tant en sistemes oberts com, el que és més important, en sistemes tancats, que poden imitar les condicions d'envasament en casos reals. Per tant, els materials i prototips desenvolupats poden ser molt prometedors com materials d'envasat, per constituir safates, flow packs i tapes, sent completament renovables i també biodegradables, amb la capacitat potencial final d'augmentar tant la qualitat, com la seguretat de els productes alimentaris en el nou context de l'Bioeconomia Circular.
[EN] Active packaging is one of the most relevant emerging technologies in the food industry. It aims to interact with the packaging headspace to control the enzymatic, chemical, physical, and microbiological reactions that deteriorate food through scavenging or releasing means. The current PhD thesis originally deals with the development and characterization of mono and multilayer active and biodegradable food packaging structures based on electrospun polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) materials derived from circular bioeconomy strategies. In order to provide the packaging materials with active properties, essential oils, natural extracts, metallic nanoparticles or combinations thereof were incorporated into PHA by solution electrospinning. The resultant electrospun PHA mats were annealed to obtain continuous monolayers that were, thereafter, combined with cast-extruded, blown or solvent-casted biodegradable polymer films and/or barrier coatings of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to develop novel multilayer systems with antimicrobial and barrier properties. These PHA-based multilayers systems presented good thermal and mechanical performance as well as high barrier properties to vapors and gases. The active films also showed improved antioxidant properties and high antimicrobial activity against food-borne bacteria in both open and, more importantly, closed systems, which can mimic real case use packaging conditions. Therefore, the here-developed materials and prototypes can be very promising as packaging materials, to constitute trays, flow packs and lids, being completely renewable and also biodegradable, with the final potential capacity to increase both quality and safety of food products in the new Circular Bioeconomy context.
Al programa Santiago Grisolía de la Generalitat Valenciana (0001426013N810001A201) por concederme la beca Predoctoral. Al proyecto EU H2020 YPACK “High Performance Polyhydroxyalkanoates Based Packaging to Minimise Food Waste” (Grant agreement 773872) de la Comisión Europea. Al proyecto RTI2018-097249-B-C21 financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. A la Unidad Asociada IATA-UJI en “Polymer Technology”.
Figueroa López, KJ. (2021). Biodegradable Mono and Multilayer Materials with Antimicrobial Capacity Based on Circular Bioeconomy of Application Interest in Food Packaging [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168439
TESIS
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Verlinden, Rob A. J. „Biodegradable polyhdroxyalkanoates from waste frying oil“. Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542319.

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Jackson, Frank. „Biodegradable hydraulic fluids : reducing oil-related pollution in the construction industry“. Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429424.

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Spohner, Milan. „Dielektrické vlastnosti rostlinných olejů pro elektrotechniku“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444639.

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The dissertation thesis deals with the analysis of prospective environmentally compatible electrical insulating fluids for electrical engineering in relation to their chemical structure. The thesis starts with the overview of the current state of the art and of the latest trends in the use of synthetic and biodegradable natural oils. In the experimental part were studied these oils: mineral oils, rapeseed oil, sunflower oils, soybean oil, methyl oleate, peanut oil, MCT oil, castor oil and other. Dielectric properties were measured using LRC meter Agilent 4980A including dielectric liquid test fixture Agilent 16452A and also by the Novocontrol Alpha-A analyzer. Electrical properties are presented in the frequency range 10 mHz – 1 MHz range in the temperature interval 253 K to 363 K. The work goes on with the study of the suitability of individual oils for lower temperature, including the impact of the chemical structure and formulation on electrical properties.
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Sitorus, Henry Binsar Hamonangan. „The study of jatropha curcas oil-based biodegradable insulation materials for power transformer“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0022/document.

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Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation physico-chimique de l'huile de Jatropha Curcas et sa capacité à remplacer l'huile minérale dans les transformateurs de puissance. Ce produit présente plusieurs avantages sur les autres huiles végétales comme l'huile de palme ou l'huile de colza, qui recommandent sa production et son utilisation. En effet, la plante de Jatropha Curcas peut être cultivée sur des sols pauvres à faibles précipitations, évitant ainsi d'utiliser des sols plus fertiles pour sa culture permettant ainsi aux petits exploitants de réserver leurs terres aux cultures de base. Cette plante peut pousser facilement dans des zones où les niveaux de précipitations annuelles sont nettement inférieures à celles requises par d'autres espèces telles que le colza, le tournesol, le soja, le maïs, le palmier à huile et d'autres. Elle peut être cultivée sur tous les types de sol en Indonésie, même sur des terres arides, dans de nombreuses régions de l'Indonésie orientale, inexploitées en raison des difficultés à planter d'autres cultures. En outre, l'huile de Jatropha Curcas est un produit non alimentaire. En faisant subir à l’huile de Jatropha Curcas brute une estérification à base alcaline avec de l'hydroxyde de potassium (KOH), on obtient de l’huile de méthylester de Jatropha Curcas (JMEO) dont la viscosité et l’acidité sont acceptables pour les équipements à haute tension en particulier pour les transformateurs de puissance. Les propriétés physico-chimiques et électriques de JMEO ont été mesurées ainsi que celles de l'huile minérale (MO) pour la comparaison. Pour les propriétés physico-chimiques, il s’agit de la densité relative, la teneur en eau, la viscosité, l'acidité, l'indice d'iode, la corrosivité, le point d'éclair, le point d'écoulement, la couleur, l'examen visuel, et la teneur en ester méthylique. Quant aux propriétés électriques, elles concernent la rigidité diélectrique sous différentes formes de tension (alternative, continu et choc de foudre), les phénomènes de pré-claquage et de claquage sous choc de foudre, les décharges glissantes sur les surfaces de carton comprimé, immergé dans JMEO et MO. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les tensions de claquage moyennes en continu et en choc de foudre des huiles JMEO et MO sont très proches ; la tension de claquage moyenne de JMEO est même plus élevée que celle de l'huile minérale (de type naphténique). La mesure des tensions de claquage des mélanges d'huiles «80% JMEO + 20% MO» et «50% JMEO et 50% MO» montrent que la tension de claquage du mélange «80% JMEO + 20% MO» est toujours supérieure à celle de l'huile minérale sous tensions alternative et continue. Cela indique que le mélange d'huile minérale et de JMEO avec un rapport de 20:80 ne dégrade pas ses performances. Le mélange d'huiles peut se produire lors du remplacement de l'huile minérale par JMEO dans les transformateurs installés et en exploitation. L'analyse des caractéristiques des streamers (la forme, le temps d'arrêt, le courant associé et la charge électrique) se développant dans les huiles JMEO et MO sous tension impulsionnelle de foudre, montre une grande similitude. Aussi, la longueur finale (Lf) et la densité des branches des décharges surfaciques se propageant sur le carton comprimé immergé dans l'huile de Jatropha Curcas de méthylester (JMEO) et de l'huile minérale (MO), sous tensions de choc de foudre positif et négatif (1,2/50 μs), pour deux configurations d'électrodes divergentes (électrode pointe haute tension perpendiculaire et tangente au carton, respectivement), sont fortement influencées par l'épaisseur du carton comprimé. Pour une épaisseur donnée, Lf augmente avec la tension et décroît lorsque l'épaisseur augmente. Lf est plus long lorsque la pointe est positive que lorsque la pointe est négative. Pour une tension et une épaisseur du carton comprimé donnée, les valeurs de Lf dans l’huile minérale et l’huile JMEO sont très proches. [...]
This work is aimed at the investigation of the physicochemical characterization of Jatropha Curcas seeds oil and its capacity to be an alternative option to replace mineral oil in power transformers. This product presents several advantages that recommend both its production and usage over those of other vegetable oils as crude palm oil and rapeseeds oil. Indeed, it may be grown on marginal or degraded soils avoiding thus the need to utilize those more fertile soils currently being used by smallholders to grow their staple crops; and it will readily grow in areas where annual rainfall levels are significantly lower than those required by other species such as palm oil, rape-seeds oil, sunflower oil, soybeans oil, corn oil and others. For instance, these plants can grow on all soil types in Indonesia, even on barren soil. The barren soil types can be found in many parts of eastern Indonesia that remain untapped because of the difficulty planted with other crops. Moreover, jatropha curcas oil is nonfood crops. Jatropha Curcas oil was processed by alkali base catalyzed esterification process using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce Jatropha Curcas methyl ester oil (JMEO) has a viscosity and a acidity that are acceptable for high voltage equipment especially in power transformer. The physicochemical and electrical properties of JMEO were measured as well as those of mineral oil (MO) for comparison. The physicochemical properties cover relative density, water content, viscosity, acidity, iodine number, corrosivity, flash point, pour point, color, visual examination, and methyl ester content. Meanwhile the electrical properties cover dielectric strength under AC, DC and lightning impulse voltages, pre-breakdown / streamers under lightning impulse voltage, creeping discharge over pressboard immersed in JMEO and MO. The obtained results show that the average DC and lightning impulse breakdown voltages of JMEO and MO are too close, even the average AC breakdown voltage of JMEO are higher than that of mineral oil (napthenic type). The measurement of breakdown voltages of two oil mixtures namely “80% JMEO + 20% MO” and “50% JMEO and 50% MO” shows that the breakdown voltage of the first mixture (i.e., “80%JMEO+20%MO”) is always higher than that of mineral oil under both AC and DC voltages. This indicates that mixing 20:80 mineral oil to JMEO ratio does not degrade its performance. The mixing of oils can occur when replacing mineral oil by JMEO in installed transformers. The analysis of the streamers characteristics (namely; shape, stopping length, associated current and electrical charge) developing in JMEO and MO under lightning impulse voltages, shows that these are too close (similar). It is also shown that the stopping (final) length Lf and the density of branches of creeping discharges propagating over pressboard immersed in Jatropha Curcas methyl ester oil (JMEO) and mineral oil (MO), under positive and negative lightning impulse voltages (1.2/50 μs), using two divergent electrode configurations (electrode point perpendicular and tangential to pressboard), are significantly influenced by the thickness of pressboard. For a given thickness, Lf increases with the voltage and decreases when the thickness increases. Lf is longer when the point is positive than with a negative point. For a given voltage and thickness of pressboard, the values of Lf in mineral oil and JMEO are very close. It appears from this work that JMEO could constitute a potential substitute for mineral oil for electrical insulation and especially in high voltage power transformers
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Tarrant, Ryan Carl Allen. „Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126.

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The effects of adding a biodegradable litter amendment (AmmoSoak), developed from steam exploded corncobs, to poultry litter prior to pyrolysis on the product yields and qualities were investigated. Mixtures of litter and AmmoSoak were pyrolyzed in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor. The objective of the second phase was to start-up a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor unit. The poultry litter had a lower higher heating value (HHV), higher moisture, ash, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine contents than AmmoSoak. Analysis of the poultry litter indicated a mixture of volatiles, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, ash, and proteins. AmmoSoak had a simpler composition than the litter; mainly hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin. Bench-scale studies indicated that adding AmmoSoak affected the yields and characteristics of the products. Addition of Ammosoak increased the bio-oil and syngas yields and decreased char yields. Adding AmmoSoak to the feed decreased the pH, water contents, initial viscosity, and the rate at which the viscosity increased with time, while densities and HHVs increased. The addition of Ammosoak to poultry litter also increased the carbon and oxygen contents of the boi-oils while nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine and ash contents decreased. A pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor was designed, constructed, installed and investigated for the pyrolysis of poultry litter. Fluidization and thermal equilibrium of the reactor were successfully demonstrated. The reactor was heated by combustion of propane. To ensure complete combustion, the combustion water was collected and compared to the stoichiometric yield. Complete combustion was achieved. Bio-oil yields on the pilot scale were lower than those obtained on the bench-scale pyrolysis unit. The water soluble fractions of the bio-oils were rich in oxygen. Water insoluble fractions were rich in carbon and ash.
Master of Science
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Cano, Embuena Amalia Isabel. „Different strategies to improve the functionality of biodegradable films based on starch and other polymers“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/55383.

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[EN] In the present Doctoral Thesis, different strategies to improve functional properties of starch films for food packaging applications were analysed: study of the effect of amylose:amylopectin ratio, blend with other polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and incorporation of different fillers (rice bran and cellulose nanocrystals-CNCs) and antimicrobial agents (neem oil-N, oregano essential oil-O and silver nanoparticles-AgNPs). Likewise, a biodegradation study of the films as affected by antimicrobials was carried out. Among different starches with distinct amylose:amylopectin ratio, pea starch was selected with higher values of this ratio. The high content of amylose gave rise to stiffer and more resistant to fracture films, with lower oxygen permeability, which decreased during storage. Pea starch-PVA (S-PVA) blend films represented a good strategy to improve film properties without a notable increase in cost. The PVA addition led to films which were less water soluble and not as sensitive to water sorption, more extensible and resistant than neat starch films, while they maintained the high oxygen barrier and provided stability to the matrix during ageing. In this sense, S-PVA ratios near to 1:1 are recommendable. When rice bran with the smallest particle size was used as filler, it improved the elastic modulus of the films, but reduced the film stretchability and barrier properties, due to the enhancement of the water binding capacity and the introduction of discontinuities in the matrix. Incorporation of CNCs into S-PVA films, as a reinforcing material, enhanced phase separation of polymers, did not imply changes in water vapour barrier of the films but improved the film mechanical performance: they became stiffer and more stretchable, while crystallization of PVA was partially inhibited. Silver loaded S-PVA films exhibited antimicrobial activity against the fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum) and bacteria (Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli) genera, depending on the silver concentration. Silver nanoparticles provoked notable changes in the film colour and transparency but no relevant changes in the other physical properties. Silver was completely delivered to aqueous simulants within the firsts 60 minutes of contact, but the film release capacity drastically decreased in the non-polar simulant, where the overall migration limit for food contact packaging materials (60 mg/Kg simulant) was accomplished. So, the use of the developed films as food packaging materials should be restricted to fat-rich foodstuffs. The incorporation of oregano essential oil (O), as antimicrobial agents, into the S-PVA matrix gave rise to active films against bacteria and fungi, whereas films containing neem oil (N) were not effective. Higher O concentration in the films was required to observe antifungal effect with respect to the antibacterial activity. Oils did not notably affect water sensitivity and water barrier properties of the films, but at high ratio, oils implied weaker film networks, affecting their mechanical performance. Blend of starch with PVA significantly improved PVA biodegradation and disintegration behaviour. Incorporation of silver species to S-PVA films slowed down their biodegradation kinetics while increased their degradation ratio. However, no significant effect of O was observed on the biodegradability indices despite the antimicrobial activity detected for this oil. N even promoted biodegradation of S-PVA films. Finally, a food application of biopolymer coatings was studied, using chitosan and essential oils (oregano or rosemary) to prevent weight loss and fungal development of semi-hard goat's milk cheeses. Coating were highly effective at reducing fungal growth and cheese weight loss while slightly reduced lipolytic and proteolytic activities in the cheese. Sensory evaluation revealed that the cheeses double coated with chitosan-oregano oil were the best evaluated in terms of aroma and flavour.
[ES] En la Tesis Doctoral, se han analizado diferentes estrategias para mejorar las propiedades funcionales de películas de almidón para aplicaciones de envasado de alimentos: el estudio del ratio amilosa:amilopectina, mezclas con otros polímeros (alcohol de polivinilo-PVA), y la incorporación de diferentes refuerzos (salvado de arroz y nanocristales de celulose-CNCs) y agentes antimicrobianos (aceite de neem-N, aceite esencial de orégano-O y nanopartículas de plata-AgNPs). También se realizó un estudio de biodegradación de las películas observando el efecto de los antimicrobianos. Entre los diferentes almidones con distinto ratio amilosa:amilopectina, se seleccionó el almidón de guisante con altos valores de amilosa. El alto contenido en amilosa dio lugar a películas más rígidas y resistentes a la fractura, con baja permeabilidad al oxígeno, la cual disminuyó durante el almacenamiento. Las películas de mezcla de almidón-PVA (S-PVA) representaron una buena estrategia para mejorar las propiedades de las películas sin incrementar notablemente el precio. La adición de PVA dio lugar a películas menos solubles en agua, menos sensibles a su absorción y más extensible y resistentes que las de almidón puro, mientras mantuvieron alta barrera al oxígeno y dieron estabilidad a la matriz durante el envejecimiento. Son recomendables los ratios de S-PVA cercanos a 1:1. El salvado de arroz con menor tamaño de partícula, mejoró el modulo elástico de las películas, pero su extensibilidad y propiedades barrera empeoraron debido a la mejor capacidad de retención de agua y a las discontinuidades introducidas. La incorporación de CNCs en las películas de S-PVA incrementó la separación de fases de los polímeros, sin cambios en la permeabilidad al vapor de agua, y mejoró las prestaciones mecánicas: películas más rígidas y extensibles, mientras que inhibió parcialmente la cristalización del PVA. Las películas de S-PVA con partículas de plata exhibieron actividad antimicrobiana contra dos hongos y dos bacterias, dependiendo de la concentración de plata. Las AgNPs provocaron cambios en el color de las películas así como en su transparencia. La plata fue completamente liberada en los primeros 60 minutos en contacto con simulantes acuosos, sin embargo la liberación disminuyó en simulantes no polares, donde se cumple el límite de migración global. Por lo tanto, el uso de las películas desarrolladas para envasado de alimentos debe ser restringido a productos alimenticios ricos en grasas. La incorporación de O en la matriz de S-PVA dio lugar a películas activas contra bacterias y hongos, mientras que las películas con N no fueron efectivas. Se necesitaron concentraciones más altas de O en las películas para observar un efecto antifúngico respecto a la actividad bactericida. Los aceites no afectaron notablemente la sensibilidad ni las propiedades barreras al agua de las películas, aunque la mayor proporción de aceite dio lugar a películas con una red más débil, afectando sus prestaciones mecánicas. La mezcla de S con PVA mejoró significativamente el comportamiento de biodegradación y desintegración de las películas. La incorporación de AgNPs a películas de S-PVA disminuyó su cinética de biodegradación mientras aumentó su ratio de degradación. La adición de O no presentó efecto significativo en el índice de biodegradación a pesar de la actividad antimicrobiana detectada. El N incluso mejoró la biodegradación de las películas. Finalmente, se realizó una aplicación de recubrimientos basados en biopolímeros, usando quitosano-CH y aceite esencial de orégano o romero para evitar la pérdida de peso y el desarrollo de hongos en quesos de cabra semicurados. Los recubrimientos fueron efectivos en la reducción del crecimiento fúngico y la pérdida de peso de los quesos, mientras que la actividad lipolítica y proteolítica ligeramente disminuyó. El análisis sensorial reveló q
[CAT] S'han analitzat diferents estratègies per a millorar les propietats funcionals de pel·lícules de midó per a aplicacions d'envasat d'aliments: l'estudi de la ràtio amilosa:amilopectina, mescles amb altres polímers (alcohol polivinílic-PVA), i la incorporació de diferents reforços (segó d'arròs i nanocristalls de celulosa-CNCs) i agents antimicrobians (oli de neem-N, oli essencial d'orenga-O i nanopartícules de plata). També es va fer un estudi de biodegradació de les pel·lícules per observar l'efecte dels antimicrobians. Entre els diferents midons amb distint ràtio amilosa:amilopectina, es va seleccionar el midó de pèsol amb alts valors d'amilosa. L'alt contingut en amilosa va donar lloc a pel·lícules més rígides i resistents a la fractura, amb baixa permeabilitat a l'oxigen, la qual va disminuir durant l'emmagatzemament. Les pel·lícules de mescla de S-PVA van representar una bona estratègia per a millorar les propietats de les pel·lícules sense incrementar notablement el preu. L'addició de PVA va donar lloc a pel·lícules menys solubles en aigua, menys sensibles a la seua absorció i més extensible i resistents que les de midó pur. A més van mantenir l'alta barrera a l'oxigen i van donar estabilitat a la matriu durant l'envelliment. Son recomanables les ràtios de S- PVA pròxims a 1:1. El segó d'arròs amb menor tamany de partícula, va millorar el mòdul elàstic de les pel·lícules, però la seua extensibilitat i propietats barrera van empitjorar. La incorporació de CNCs en les pel·lícules de S-PVA, va incrementar la separació de fases dels polímers, sense implicar canvis en la permeabilitat al vapor d'aigua, però millorant les prestacions mecàniques: pel·lícules més rígides i extensibles, al mateix temps que es va inhibir parcialment la cristal·lització del PVA. Les pel·lícules de S-PVA amb partícules de plata van exhibir activitat antimicrobiana front a dos de fongs i dos bacteris, depenent de la concentració de plata. Les AgNPs van provocar canvis en el color de les pel·lícules així com en la seua transparència. La plata va ser completament alliberada en els primers 60 minuts en contacte amb simulants aquosos. La capacitat d'alliberament va disminuir en simulants no polars, on es complix el límit de migració global. Per tant, l'ús de les pel·lícules desenvolupades per a l'envasat d'aliments ha de ser restringit a productes alimentaris rics en greixos. La incorporació d'O en la matriu de S-PVA va donar lloc a pel·lícules actives front a bacteris i fongs. Pel contrari les pel·lícules amb N no van ser efectives. Van ser necessàries concentracions més elevades d'O en les pel·lícules per a observar un efecte antifúngic respecte a l'activitat bactericida. Els olis no van afectar la sensibilitat a l'aigua ni les propietats barrera a l'aigua de les pel·lícules, però la major proporció d'oli va donar lloc a pel·lícules amb una xarxa més dèbil, afectant les seues prestacions mecàniques. La mescla de S amb PVA va millorar significativament el comportament de biodegradació i desintegració. La incorporació de partícules de plata a pel·lícules de S-PVA va disminuir la seua cinètica de biodegradació mentre que va augmentar la seua ràtio de degradació. No obstant això, l'addició d'O no va presentar un efecte significatiu en els índexs de biodegradació a pesar de l'activitat antimicrobiana detectada. L'N fins i tot va millorar la biodegradació de les pel·lícules de S-PVA. Finalment, es va realitzar una aplicació de recobriments basats en biopolímers, fent ús de quistosà-CH i olis essencials de orenga i romer per evitar la pèrdua de pes i el desenvolupament de fongs en formatges de cabra semi-curats. Els recobriments van ser altament efectius en la reducció del creixement fúngic i la pèrdua de pes dels formatges. L'activitat lipolítica i proteolítica en els formatges va disminuir suaument. L'anàlisi sensorial va revelar que els form
Cano Embuena, AI. (2015). Different strategies to improve the functionality of biodegradable films based on starch and other polymers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/55383
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Bücher zum Thema "Biodegradable oils"

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Sudesh, Kumar. Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6.

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Ismailov, Nariman. Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048434.

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The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration. Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil Springerbriefs in Microbiology. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH &, 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Biodegradable oils"

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Luther, Rolf. „Bio-Based and Biodegradable Base Oils“. In Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 131–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_53.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Plant Oils and Agricultural By-Products as Carbon Feedstock for PHA Production“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 37–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_3.

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Kundu, Patit P., und Rakesh Das. „Development of Biobased Polymers and their Composites from Vegetable Oils“. In Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers for Environmental and Biomedical Applications, 287–320. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119117360.ch8.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Bio-Based and Biodegradable Polymers“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 3–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_2.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Introduction“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_1.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Is Palm Oil Produced in a Sustainable Manner?“ In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 47–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_4.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Jatropha Oil as a Potential Carbon Source for PHA Production“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 63–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_5.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Potential Applications of PHA“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 79–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_6.

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Sudesh, Kumar. „Summary and Future Outlook“. In Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics, 101–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33539-6_7.

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Gnanasekaran, Dhorali, und Venkata Prasad Chavidi. „Biodegradable, Renewable, and Eco-friendly Vegetable Oil: Lubricants“. In Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, 29–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4870-8_2.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Biodegradable oils"

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Cheng, V. M., A. A. Wessol, P. Baudouin, M. T. BenKinney und N. J. Novick. „Biodegradable and Nontoxic Hydraulic Oils“. In Earthmoving Industry Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910964.

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Eguchi, Rikito, Yoshio Ohtake, Satoshi Ohkawa, Mikio Iwamura und Akiko Konishi. „Compatibility of Hydraulic Seal Elastomers with Biodegradable Oils“. In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960210.

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Wilkinson, Jeremy. „Biodegradable Oils - Design, Performance, Environmental Benefits and Applicability“. In Earthmoving Industry Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941077.

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Tang, Zhongping, Peng Jin, Dingwei Sun, Shaoming Zhang und Weimin Liu. „Investigation of Some Base Oil as Biodegradable Water-Cooling Two-Stroke Engine Oil“. In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1328.

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According to statistics, a large portion of used lubricants remain as potential hazards for the environment. Particularly, about 30 to 50% lubricant used in outboard marine engines is not burned completely and released into the water. As a result, consumers demand environmentally compatible lubricants due to concern about loss of mineral oil-based lubricants to the environment which can result in water contamination and pose a threat to animal and plant life. To prevent bioaccumulation of these materials in aquatic plants and animals, many agencies are considering regulations toward to biodegradable two-stroke outboard marine engines oil. Vegetable oils and ester oils are very suitable to develop “green lubricants”. Ester oils usually show excellent high temperature stability, low temperature fluidity, high viscosity index, very low volatility, good miscibility and biodegradability, but they are expensive and also produce many poisonous materials to environmental during produce process. Vegetable oils are biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable, moreover, their cost is reasonable compared to ester oils. Accordingly, vegetable oils are considered as potential candidates to replace conventional mineral oil-based lubricating oils, but the poor oxidative stability limits their utilization in large scale. Investigation of this work have found that proper percentage rapeseed oil can meet the requirements of biodegradable water-cooling two stroke engine oil, futhermore this two-cycle engine oil has good miscibility without need any miscibility-enhancing solvents. Research results indicate that two-cycle engine oil, which comprised rapeseed oil, ester oil and low viscosity hydrocracked oil as well as functional additives, exhibits good oxidative stability, easy biodegradability and good miscibility.
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Hosier, I., A. Vaughan und F. Montjen. „Ageing of biodegradable oils for high voltage insulation systems“. In 2006 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2006.311974.

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Mukhopadhyaya, Keka, Anubhav Aryan und Akshay Rajeev. „Analysis and Comparison of Characteristics of Biodegradable Transformer Oils“. In 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs51430.2021.9441728.

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Li, Jiusheng. „Study on Biodegradable Lubricants: Improvement in Oxidation Stability of Vegetable Oils“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64002.

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To improve the oxidation stability of vegetable oil, several chemical reactions such as transesterification, polymerization and epoxidation were used to reduce the content of unsaturated bonds in their molecules. The results of oxidation test indicate that epoxidation is an available method to improve the oxidation stabilities of vegetable oils. The efficiencies of antioxidants used for protection of rapeseed oil from oxidation were studied using PDSC, and the active energies of oil samples were calculated by using Arrhenius equation.
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Ohkawa, Satoshi, Akiko Konishi, Hiroshi Hatano, Kazuyoshi Ishihama, Kenzo Tanaka und Mikio Iwamura. „Oxidation and Corrosion Characteristics of Vegetable-Base Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils“. In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951038.

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Perez, J. M., K. Cheenkachorn und W. A. Lloyd. „A Comparison of Some Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids and Engine Oils“. In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1498.

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Van Acker, K., K. Vercammen, A. Vanhulsel, J. Barriga, A. Arnsek und M. Kalin. „Friction and Wear of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings Lubricated With Biodegradable Oils“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63340.

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The tribological behaviour of coated machine components lubricated with a biodegradable saturated ester and unsaturated ester oil has been studied. Different diamond-like carbon-based coatings (DLC) were selected as low friction coatings: pure DLC, Si-doped, Ti-doped and W-doped DLC. The performance of the studied ester oils has been compared with sunflower oil and mineral oil lubrication as reference. The oils were all additivated in the same way with conventional anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives. Different tests have been performed: disc on disc, ball on disc and block on ring tests give an overview of the influence of different sliding modes. The effect of the lubricant on a coated system compared to the use of the coated system without lubrication is clear for the wear, but less obvious for the friction. It was found that DLC/DLC contacts lubricated with biodegradable lubricants show similar friction as steel/steel contacts. The effect of the different types of base oil is independent of the coating type. Additive activity which was clear in steel/steel contacts was not obvious in DLC/DLC contacts.
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