Zeitschriftenartikel: „Biocolonization“

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Salleh, Ariel. „Resistance to Corporate Biocolonization“. Organization & Environment 19, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026606292478.

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Hayek, M., M. Salgues, J. C. Souche, K. D. Weerdt und S. Pioch. „From concretes to bioreceptive concretes, influence of concrete properties on the biological colonization of marine artificial structures“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1245, Nr. 1 (01.07.2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1245/1/012008.

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Abstract A main cause of biodiversity loss is artificialization of the marine environment (IPBES 2019). With 39,400 km2 of coastal and marine areas already encroached upon by human infrastructure and an increasing demand on space due to the growing global population – projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 – it is clear that humanity needs to find ways to prevent its activities from endangering biodiversity. To this end, since the 1990s ecologists have been trying to develop a win-win approach that unites ecological engineering with civil engineering. Today, civil engineers have a responsibility to incorporate eco-design processes in all construction projects underway to ensure that the latter benefit both humans and nature. Then, the new challenge of the 21st century is to develop eco-designed concretes that, in addition to their usual properties, provide improved bioreceptivity in order to enhance marine biodiversity without affecting the structure durability. The aim of this study is to master, clarify and classify the intrinsic parameters that influence the bioreceptivity (biocolonization) of cementitious materials in the marine environment. By using biofilm-culture-method (biofilm quantification), this study shows that the use of rough surface or slag cement CEM III and the surface treatment with green formwork oil enhance the biocolonization of cementitious materials in the marine environment whereas the application of curing agent (hydrophobic surface coating) has the opposite effect. Among the influent parameters, surface roughness proved to be the factor that promotes biocolonization most effectively.

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Hayek, Mahmoud, Marie Salgues, Jean-Claude Souche, Etienne Cunge, Cyril Giraudel und Osanne Paireau. „Influence of the Intrinsic Characteristics of Cementitious Materials on Biofouling in the Marine Environment“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (01.03.2021): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052625.

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Coastal marine ecosystems provide essential benefits and services to humanity, but many are rapidly degrading. Human activities are leading to significant land take along coastlines and to major changes in ecosystems. Ecological engineering tools capable of promoting large-scale restoration of coastal ecosystems are needed today in the face of intensifying climatic stress and human activities. Concrete is one of the materials most commonly used in the construction of coastal and marine infrastructure. Immersed in seawater, concretes are rapidly colonized by microorganisms and macroorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm and biofouling formation provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. The new challenge of the 21st century is to develop innovative concretes that, in addition to their usual properties, provide improved bioreceptivity in order to enhance marine biodiversity. The aim of this study is to master and clarify the intrinsic parameters that influence the bioreceptivity (biocolonization) of cementitious materials in the marine environment. By coupling biofilm (culture-based methods) and biofouling (image-analysis-based method and wet-/dry-weight biomass measurement) quantification techniques, this study showed that the application of a curing compound to the concrete surface reduced the biocolonization of cementitious materials in seawater, whereas green formwork oil had the opposite effect. This study also found that certain surface conditions (faceted and patterned surface, rough surface) promote the bacterial and macroorganism colonization of cementitious materials. Among the parameters examined, surface roughness proved to be the factor that promotes biocolonization most effectively. These results could be taken up in future recommendations to enable engineers to eco-design more eco-friendly marine infrastructure and develop green-engineering projects.

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Eyssautier-Chuine, Stéphanie, Kamel Mouhoubi, Fany Reffuveille und Jean-Luc Bodnar. „Thermographic imaging for early detection of biocolonization on buildings“. Building Research & Information 48, Nr. 8 (09.03.2020): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2020.1730740.

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5

Genova, Chiara, Elsa Fuentes, Gabriele Favero und Beatriz Prieto. „Evaluation of the Cleaning Effect of Natural-Based Biocides: Application on Different Phototropic Biofilms Colonizing the Same Granite Wall“. Coatings 13, Nr. 3 (26.02.2023): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030520.

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Natural derivatives, such as essential oils, are presented as an alternative to classical biocides to the treatment of biocolonization. Thus, in this work, the cleaning and biocidal potential of some natural derivatives towards two natural biofilms’ growth on the same granite wall, with different microbial composition, was evaluated. For this purpose, three essential oils (EOs) (from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Calamintha nepeta) and their main active principles (APs) (carvacrol, thymol and R-(+)-pulegone, respectively) were embedded in a hydrogel matrix, with different combinations of EOs and APs, in order to evaluate the synergistic action of different actives. For comparative purposes, pure hydrogel and a mechanical method (brushing) were also used. Colorimetric measurements and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate the cleaning action of the treatments on the biofilms. Overall, the EOs and APs present in the hydrogel proved to be reliable treatments to limit natural biocolonization, with O. vulgare being one of the most effective treatments in combination with other compounds, due to the majority presence of carvacrol. Moreover, the effect of the different treatments strictly depended on the biofilm in question, as well as its ability to adhere to the substrate.

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Mughal, Quratulain, und Wajid Hussain. „Deconstructing the Discursive Construction of Environmental Colonialism in Native America: A Study of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Almanac of the Dead“. International Journal of English Linguistics 9, Nr. 3 (29.05.2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p365.

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This paper deconstructs the Europeans’ environmental colonialism in Native America and, in that, elucidates that the rhetorical tactics and fundamental motivations, which are employed to ‘other’ people, are essentially the same as those used to ‘other’ environment and nature with all of its ecological subjects. A qualitative content analysis, the study investigates this notion in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Almanac of the Dead in the light of the joint critique of biocolonization and critical discourse analysis. Linguistically, it applies Fairclough’s approach of critical discourse analysis focusing on three scenarios of discourse: an acceptance of difference, an accentuation of difference, and an attempt to resolve difference. Through this critique of power, hegemony and identity, the research highlights the Natives’ objectification and representation by the white colonizer and the subsequent resistance by the Natives. The analysis reveals how the process of environmental colonialism, specifically biopiracy and biocolonization, is naturalized by the colonizer through discourse structure. Additionally, it deconstructs this discourse structure to attempt to resolve the difference exploited by the colonizer to exercise their colonial practice over the natives and their environment. Hence, the study discursively adds to the existing solutions to combat the environmental colonialism.

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Aires-Barros, L., M. J. Basto, R. C. Graça, A. Dionisio, F. M. A. Henriques, J. Delgado Rodrigues und A. E. Charola. „Cleaning of the Tower of Belem / Reinigen des Turmes von Belem“. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 4, Nr. 6 (01.12.1998): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1998-5322.

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Abstract The cleaning of the exterior masonry of the Tower of Beiern proceeded according to schedule. It was carried out by application of water nebulization, light brushing and final rinsing by nebulized water. Areas that had more resistant stains, received extra brushing while wet and for harder crusts, such as found under corbels or recessed areas, microabrasion was used in conjunction with careful scalpel scraping where necessary. Grey areas resulting from endolithic biocolonization became evident as the cleaning progressed and given the scheduling constraints for the completion of the project, these areas received a lime-wash to give this monument visual homogeneity.

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Charola, Asuncion Elena, Christopher McNamara und Robert J. Koestler. „Biocolonization of Stone: Control and Preventive Methods: Proceeedings from the MCI Workshop Series“. Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation, Nr. 2 (2011): 1–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.19492359.2.1.

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Charola, A. E., J. Delgado Rodrigues und M. Vale Anjos. „Entstellende Bewuchsmuster nach einer Hydrophobierung / Disfiguring Biocolonization Patterns after the Application of Water Repellents“. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 14, Nr. 5 (01.10.2008): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2008-6241.

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Charola, A. Elena, und Eberhard Wendler. „An Overview of the Water-Porous Building Materials Interactions“. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, Nr. 2-3 (01.06.2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-2006.

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Abstract Water is one of the key deterioration factors for porous building materials and has the capability of enhancing the deleterious effect of other factors such as air pollution and biocolonization, among others. The focus of the paper is the interaction of water with the porous inorganic materials: how does water enter the pore system, and how does it leave it? How does the presence of clays or soluble salts in porous materials affect these mechanisms? Pairwise examples are provided to illustrate the varying behavior of water in different materials. Also addressed is the importance of the pore size distribution on the behavior of water and its transport mechanisms. The aim of the paper is to synthesize the key points required to understand why water enters a porous system, in what way it is distributed within it, and the slow manner in which it departs, since time of wetness is fundamental in enhancing the effect of co-factors.

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Hofbauerová, Monika, Magdaléna Rusková, Andrea Puškárová, Mária Bučková, Adriana Annušová, Eva Majková, Peter Šiffalovič et al. „Protection and Disinfection Activities of Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils Encapsulated in Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules“. Molecules 28, Nr. 3 (19.01.2023): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031018.

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The biocolonization of building materials by microorganisms is one of the main causes of their degradation. Fungi and bacteria products can have an undesirable impact on human health. The protection and disinfection of sandstone and wood materials are of great interest. In this study, we evaluated the protection and disinfection activity of oregano and thyme essential oils encapsulated in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (Or-NCs, Th-NCs) against four types of environmental microorganisms: Pleurotus eryngii, Purpureocillium lilacinum (fungal strains), Pseudomonas vancouverensis, and Flavobacterium sp. (bacterial strains). The surfaces of sandstone and whitewood samples were inoculated with these microorganisms before or after applying Or-NCs and Th-NCs. The concentration-dependent effect of Or-NCs and Th-NCs on biofilm viability was determined by the MTT reduction assay. The results showed that Or-NCs and Th-NCs possess effective disinfection and anti-biofilm activity. Diffuse reflectivity measurements revealed no visible color changes of the materials after the application of the nanoencapsulated essential oils.

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Veneranda, Marco, Laura Blanco-Zubiaguirre, Graziella Roselli, Giuseppe Di Girolami, Kepa Castro und Juan Manuel Madariaga. „Evaluating the exploitability of several essential oils constituents as a novel biological treatment against cultural heritage biocolonization“. Microchemical Journal 138 (Mai 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.12.019.

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Berti, Letizia, Francesco Arfelli, Federica Villa, Francesca Cappitelli, Davide Gulotta, Luca Ciacci, Elena Bernardi et al. „LCA as a Complementary Tool for the Evaluation of Biocolonization Management: The Case of Palazzo Rocca Costaguta“. Heritage 7, Nr. 12 (05.12.2024): 6871–90. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7120318.

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The 17th Century Casa a Ponente of Palazzo Rocca Costaguta’s wall provided an opportunity for an evaluation based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach of conservation treatments aiming at removing biological colonization from built heritage surfaces. The investigated surfaces were historic plasters partially covered by a patchy green patina due to biofilm recolonization soon after a previous biocidal treatment. Areas of the biocolonized wall were treated by conservation professionals according to both conventional and “green” (i.e., exploiting natural active principles) biocidal products, including Preventol RI 50 (active substance benzalkonium chloride), Essenzio (active substance essential oregano oil), and hydrogen peroxide. Upon treatment, LCA analysis was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the different solutions, including a no-treatment option. LCA analysis was based on on-site investigations of the untreated wall surface with and without biofilm and following the biocidal treatment. The conservation treatment’s impact on the mineral substrate was based on digital microscopy, colorimetry, and water contact angle measurements via an innovative portable method. The results highlighted the impacts of the different biocidal treatments, which, in some cases, have not completely removed the biofilm and, in some cases, have altered the surface properties of the plaster. This pointed out the opportunity to re-think conservation strategy, including LCA analysis as a complementary tool to assess the environmental impact of the different conservation treatments and procedures.

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Henriques, F., A. E. Charola, V. Moreira Rato und P. Faria Rodrigues. „Development of Biocolonization Resistant Mortars: Preliminary Results / Entwicklung von Mörteln mit hohem Widerstand gegen biologischen Bewuchs: Vorläufige Ergebnisse“. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 13, Nr. 6 (01.12.2007): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2007-6169.

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Macchia, Andrea, Hélène Aureli, Chiara Biribicchi, Antonella Docci, Chiara Alisi, Fernanda Prestileo, Francesco Galiano et al. „In Situ Application of Anti-Fouling Solutions on a Mosaic of the Archaeological Park of Ostia Antica“. Materials 15, Nr. 16 (18.08.2022): 5671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165671.

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Biodegradation is among the most common issues affecting Cultural Heritage stone materials in outdoor environments. In recent years, the application of chemical agents with biocidal activity has been the most usual practice when dealing with biofilm removal. In outdoor environments, the use of these biocides is not effective enough, since the materials are constantly exposed to environmental agents and atmospheric pollutants. Thus, it becomes necessary to protect the surface of Cultural Heritage works with antimicrobial coatings to either prevent or at least limit future colonization. In this study, innovative biocides—both natural and synthetic—were applied on a Roman mosaic located in the Archaeological Park of Ostia Antica to compare their effectiveness in removing the biological degradation affecting it. In addition, an antimicrobial coating called “SI-QUAT” was applied and analyzed in situ. SI-QUAT has recently entered the market for its prevention activity against biocolonization. The biocidal activity of these products was tested and monitored using different analytical portable instruments, such as the multispectral system, the spectrocolorimeter, and the bioluminometer. The analyses showed that promising results can be obtained using the combination of the biocide and the protective effect of Preventol® RI50 and SI-QUAT.

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Villa, Federica, Davide Gulotta, Lucia Toniolo, Luigimaria Borruso, Cristina Cattò und Francesca Cappitelli. „Aesthetic Alteration of Marble Surfaces Caused by Biofilm Formation: Effects of Chemical Cleaning“. Coatings 10, Nr. 2 (01.02.2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020122.

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Despite the massive presence of biofilms causing aesthetic alteration to the façade of the Monza Cathedral, our team in a previous work proved that the biocolonization was not a primary damaging factor if compared to chemical-physical deterioration due to the impact of air pollution. Nonetheless, the conservators tried to remove the sessile dwelling microorganisms to reduce discolouration. In this research, two nearby sculpted leaves made of Candoglia marble were selected to study the effects of a chemical treatment combining the biocides benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and Algophase® and mechanical cleaning procedures. One leaf was cleaned with the biocides and mechanically, and the other was left untreated as control. The impact of the treatment was investigated after 1 month from the cleaning by digital microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and molecular methods to determine the composition and the functional profiles of the bacterial communities. Despite the acceptable aesthetic results obtained, the overall cleaning treatment was only partially effective in removing the biofilm from the colonized surfaces and, therefore, not adequately suitable for the specific substrate. Furthermore, the cleaning process selected microorganisms potentially more resistant to biocides so that the efficacy of future re-treatment by antimicrobial agents could be negatively affected.

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Luci, Marika, Filomena De Leo, Donatella De Pascale, Christian Galasso, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Sandra Lo Schiavo, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Nadia Ruocco und Clara Urzì. „Surface-Active Ionic-Liquid-Based Coatings as Anti-Biofilms for Stone: An Evaluation of Their Physical Properties“. Coatings 13, Nr. 10 (23.09.2023): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101669.

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The biodeterioration of stone surfaces can be a threat to the conservation of built heritage. Much effort has been put into finding treatments and processes to mitigate biocolonization and its effects, both in terrestrial and underwater environments. Recently, the use of surfactant ionic liquids has been shown to have biocidal and antifouling effects on stone. However, little information is currently available on the morphological and physical properties of such coatings. In this paper, we report on the physical characterization of coatings based on an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1-do-decanaminium cation and a combination of bromide and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) anions in a molar ratio of 3:1, respectively. Nanosilica and tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as binders to promote the adhesion of the ionic liquid to the stone surface. The coatings were applied on Carrara marble samples and analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), static contact angles, colorimetric measurements and capillary water absorption. The resistance to UV radiation and seawater was also investigated. The results show that the IL behaves differently depending on the binder. The latter influences the arrangement of the IL and its wettability, which decreases in the case of NanoEstel, whereas this parameter increases in the case of Estel. In addition, the coatings show good resistance to the degradation agents.

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Scatigno, C., C. Moricca, C. Tortolini und G. Favero. „The influence of environmental parameters in the biocolonization of the Mithraeum in the roman masonry of casa di Diana (Ostia Antica, Italy)“. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, Nr. 13 (30.03.2016): 13403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6548-x.

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Thurzo, Andrej, Paulína Gálfiová, Zuzana Varchulová Nováková, Štefan Polák, Ivan Varga, Martin Strunga, Renáta Urban et al. „Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Novel Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 3D Printed Using Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Thermoplastic Binder“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 23 (28.11.2022): 14870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314870.

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This paper presents a proof-of-concept study on the biocolonization of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Three-dimensional (3D) printed biomimetic bone structure made of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) intended as a future bone graft was made from newly developed composite material for FDM printing. The biopolymer polyvinyl alcohol serves in this material as a thermoplastic binder for 3D molding of the printed object with a passive function and is completely removed during sintering. The study presents the material, the process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) of CDHA scaffolds, and its post-processing at three temperatures (1200, 1300, and 1400 °C), as well it evaluates the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of scaffolds with MTT and LDH release assays after 14 days. The study also includes a morphological evaluation of cellular colonization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in two different filament orientations (rectilinear and gyroid). The results of the MTT assay showed that the tested material was not toxic, and cells were preserved in both orientations, with most cells present on the material fired at 1300 °C. Results of the LDH release assay showed a slight increase in LDH leakage from all samples. Visual evaluation of SEM confirmed the ideal post-processing temperature of the 3D-printed FDM framework for samples fired at 1300 °C and 1400 °C, with a porosity of 0.3 mm between filaments. In conclusion, the presented fabrication and colonization of CDHA scaffolds have great potential to be used in the tissue engineering of bones.

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Magadan, M. L., M. L. Cedrola, G. M. A. Korth und A. E. Charola. „Addressing Biocolonization in the Conservation Project of the Portal of the Church at San Ignacio Mini, Misiones, Argentina / Zum biologischen Bewuchs bei der Konservierung des Portals der Kirche der San Ignacio Mini Jesuit-Guarani Mission in Argentinien“. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 13, Nr. 6 (01.12.2007): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2007-6170.

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Morillas, Héctor, Maite Maguregui, Euler Gallego-Cartagena, Gladys Huallparimachi, Iker Marcaida, Isabel Salcedo, Luis F. O. Silva und Fernando Astete. „Evaluation of the role of biocolonizations in the conservation state of Machu Picchu (Peru): The Sacred Rock“. Science of The Total Environment 654 (März 2019): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.299.

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Pandey, V. D. „BIOCOLONIZATION AND BIODETERIORATION OF MONUMENTS BY CYANOBACTERIA“. PLANT ARCHIVES 21, Nr. 1 (15.04.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.208.

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Cyanobacteria are a morphologically diverse, remarkably adaptable and widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, many of which colonize, grow and survive on/in water-limited and nutrient-poor lithic substrates, such as natural rocks/stones and walls of historic monuments and buildings as lithobionts or lithobiontic organisms. They are often the primary colonizers of lithic substrates. They possess protective mechanisms against various abiotic stresses, such as desiccation, high irradiance, high levels of UV-radiation and high temperature which are often encountered on exposed rock surfaces and external walls of lithic monuments and buildings. The biocolonization and growth of cyanobacteria as lithobionts are influenced by various propertiesof monuments, buildings or buildingstones as well as by environmental factors. As photoautotrophs and primary colonizers of lithic substrates, they facilitate and promote the growth and development of heterotrophic microbes, such as bacteria and fungi.The production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) leads to the formation of cyanobacteriadominated phototrophic biofilms or sub-aerial biofilms on exposed surfaces of monuments, buildings and rocks/stones. Globally, thebiocolonization, growth and activities of lithobiontic cyanobacteria and other organisms cause unpleasant discoloration, biodeterioration (bioweathering) of monuments and buildings of historical, cultural or religious importance, leading to the aesthetic damage, structural damage and economic loss.These constitute serious problems world-wide. The article provides an overview of the processes of biocolonization and biodeterioration of monuments by lithobiontic(rockinhabiting) cyanobacteria, and their survival as lithobionts.

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Chen, Xuli, Huixing Song, Bo Sun und Tianyu Yang. „Effects of simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the bacterial community structure and diversity of four distinct biocolonization types on stone monuments: a case study of the Leshan Giant Buddha, a world heritage site“. Heritage Science 12, Nr. 1 (22.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01142-3.

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AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen deposition may affect the biodeterioration process of stone monuments through direct and indirect pathways, but relevant studies are lacking. Therefore, taking the biologically colonized rocks around the Leshan Giant Buddha (World Heritage - Mixed Property) as the research objects, we studied the effects of multiple nitrogen addition levels (0, 9, 18, 36, 72 kg N hm-2 a-1; N0, N1; N2 ; N3; N4) on the bacterial community structure and soil nutrients on the surfaces of stones with four biocolonization types, including naked rock (NR), and lichen (LR), bryophyte (BS) and vascular plant (VS) colonization, to investigate the potential effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the rock weathering of the Leshan Giant Buddha. The results demonstrated that nitrogen addition impacted soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, as well as bacterial community structure and composition, but the responses to nitrogen input varied among different colonization types. Nitrogen fertilization promoted the accumulation of total organic carbon and total nitrogen in NR and LR, and increased the content of total phosphorus in VS. Bacterial α-diversity decreased with nitrogen addition in NR but increased with nitrogen addition in VS. Nitrogen addition significantly (R > 0.9, p < 0.01) changed the bacterial community composition in the four biocolonization types, and the changes were dominated by species replacement (contributed to 60.98%, 76.32%, 67.27% and 72.14% for bacterial diversity in NR, LR, BS and VS, respectively). Total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and total phosphorus were the most important ecological factors affecting bacterial community structure in NR, LR, BS and VS, respectively. Nitrogen addition enriched different bacterial taxa in the four biocolonization types. The results of this study provide basic data for the protection of stone monuments and the formulation of sustainable development strategies under a changing climate.

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Reboah, Paloma, Aurélie Verney-Carron, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Vanessa Alphonse, Olivier Lauret, Sophie Nowak, Anne Chabas, Mandana Saheb und Clarisse Balland-Bolou-Bi. „The biological contribution to the weathering of limestone monuments in a vegetated urban area: results of a 5-year exposure“. Heritage Science 12, Nr. 1 (01.08.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01388-x.

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AbstractBiological activity, climate and pollution are responsible for the degradation of building stones, especially limestone, which is widely used in the Paris region. In order to determine the respective contribution of physicochemical and biological processes to the degradation of limestone, limestone specimens from the Père-Lachaise cemetery (Paris, France) were exposed for five years under different conditions: sheltered from or exposed to rain and in horizontal or vertical position. After exposure, the collected samples were characterized by light and electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and ion chromatography after elution. The results showed an intense biocolonization of the samples exposed to rain, while the sheltered samples were more affected by the pollution (soiling). The characterization of the bacterial and fungal communities using Next Generation Sequencing Illumina 16S for bacteria and ITS for fungi highlighted that five main bacterial phyla were identified: Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Deinococcota (major genera Flavobacterium, Methylobacterium-Methylobacter, Sphingomonas, Roseomonas and Nocardiodes). Among the fungi, the phylum Ascomycota was predominant with the genera Cladosporium, Ramularia, Aureobasidium and Lecania. However, the alteration of the limestone is difficult to quantify at this stage. Potassium nitrate of rain origin has been found in the sheltered area, but no gypsum. Therefore, the biocolonization is a fast phenomenon on the stone and the physico-chemical processes derived from it, caused by climate and pollution, are slower. This is in agreement with the long-term observations made on old and unrestored graves of the cemetery described in the literature.

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Dias, L., V. Pires, F. Sitzia, C. Lisci, A. Candeias, A. T. Caldeira und J. Mirão. „Evaluating the biosusceptibility of natural stone as an supporting tool to prevent Cultural Heritage biodeterioration“. European Physical Journal Plus 138, Nr. 6 (27.06.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04185-w.

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AbstractBiodeterioration of construction materials is still a major challenge that conservator-restorers face, especially in historic monuments with high cultural value. Natural stone is highly susceptible to deterioration through physical, chemical, and biological ways, whereas biological proliferation may potentiate both chemical and physical deterioration. The composition of the colonizers and their proliferation are highly dependent on climatic parameters like temperature and humidity, which are distinct from place to place. The present work proposes the execution of an innovative methodology that enables the determination of the susceptibility of natural stone to biocolonization, a parameter denominated as biosusceptibility. The study aims to contribute to the creation of models by predicting their deterioration even before the objects’ manufacture, promoting the sustainability of one of the most valuable natural resources. The methodology proposed here was performed on limestones, marbles and slates—exploited in the Portuguese territory—by using colonizing strains typically found on stones exposed to the Mediterranean climate. The results have demonstrated that the stones with higher porosity are less susceptible to epilithic colonization and, consequently, with a moderate alteration of their aesthetic appearance. However, the metabolic activity determined in these stones is higher, which indicates that biocolonization will cause more severe damage to their structure in the future. The first significant changes on the stones’ matrix were assessed one year after the inoculation, using cutting-edge technology of 3D surface micro-reconstruction. Due to its relevance in natural stone deterioration processes, the inclusion of the biosusceptibility information in technical brochures is strongly encouraged. Graphical Abstract

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Baptista, Cecília, Luís Santos, Maria Emília Amaral und Lúcia Silva. „Chemical Characterization of Essential Oils With a Biocide Base for Conservation and Restoration“. KnE Materials Science, 10.08.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11611.

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Essential oils (EOs) are acclaimed for their antimicrobial properties, leading to their multiple applications in various fields. In this work, four aromatic plants were used, namely thyme (Thymus mastichina L.), everlasting (Helychrysum stoechas Moench), European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Hydrodistillation was the extraction method used, and the obtained extracts were composed of a variety of volatile molecules, mainly terpenoids and phenylpropenoids. The EO yields were determined, and the chemical composition of these natural products was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The yields varied greatly in the range of 0.99 to 4.27% (v/w). The two major chemical constituents of the EOs analysed by GC-MS were as follows: thyme – 1,8-cineole and champhor; everlasting – α-pinene and limonene; European pennyroyal – pulegone and isomenthone; fennel – trans-anethole and limonene. This preliminary study is an important contribution to the understanding of EO bioactive compounds that are under investigation to establish their ability to control the biocolonization of cultural heritage. Keywords: aromatic plants, chemical characterization, essential oils, green biocides

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Slavík, Martin, Jiří Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillová und Lukáš Falteisek. „Impact of biocolonization on erosion and resistance of different types of sandstone surfaces in a quarry and in natural outcrops“. Geoscience Research Reports, 29.06.2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/zpravy.geol.2017.26.

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Charola, A. Elena. „STONE DETERIORATION CHARACTERIZATION FOR ITS CONSERVATION“. Geonomos, 07.05.2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18285/geonomos.v24i2.836.

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Abstract: The conservation of stone is fundamental for the preservation of our architectural and monumental heritage. Although stone is reputed as one of the most resistant materials, there are many factors that contribute towards its deterioration. This paper aims to summarize the main deterioration factors, such as air pollution, the presence of soluble salts, and biocolonization. A brief discussion of these factors serves as the basis to introduce the importance of a correct diagnosis regarding the origin of the observed deterioration. Only then, can the most appropriate solution be found to address the problem.Keywords: stone nature, deterioration, conservationResumo:CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DETERIORAÇÃO DAS PEDRAS PARA A SUA CONSERVAÇÃO. A conservação da pedra é fundamental para a preservação do nosso património arquitectónico e monumental. Embora seja um dos materiais mais resistentes, deve-se considerar que existem muitos factores que podem contribuir para a sua deterioração. O presente trabalho sintetiza os principais factores de deterioração, tais como a poluição atmosférica, a presença de sais solúveis e a biocolonização. Uma breve resenha destes factores serve de base para salientar a importância de fazer o diagnóstico correcto da origem da deterioração observada. Só então se pode encontrar a solução mais adequada para resolver o problema.Palavras Chave: tipo de pedra, deterioração, conservação.

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García-Gómez, José Carlos, Marta Garrigós und Javier Garrigós. „Plastic as a Vector of Dispersion for Marine Species With Invasive Potential. A Review“. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (26.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.629756.

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Plastic debris constitutes up to 87% of marine litter and represents one of the most frequently studied vectors for marine alien species with invasive potential in the last 15 years. This review addresses an integrated analysis of the different factors involved in the impact of plastic as a vector for the dispersal of marine species. The sources of entry of plastic materials into the ocean are identified as well as how they move between different habitats affecting each trophic level and producing hot spots of plastic accumulation in the ocean. The characterization of plastic as a dispersal vector for marine species has provided information about the inherent properties of plastics which have led to its impact on the ocean: persistence, buoyancy, and variety in terms of chemical composition, all of which facilitate colonization by macro and microscopic species along with its dispersion throughout different oceans and ecosystems. The study of the differences in the biocolonization of plastic debris according to its chemical composition provided fundamental information regarding the invasion process mediated by plastic, and highlighted gaps of knowledge about this process. A wide range of species attached to plastic materials has been documented and the most recurrent phyla found on plastic have been identified from potentially invasive macrofauna to toxic microorganisms, which are capable of causing great damage in places far away from their origin. Plastic seems to be more efficient than the natural oceanic rafts carrying taxa such as Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca. Although the differential colonization of different plastic polymers is not clear, the chemical composition might determine the community of microorganisms, where we can find both pathogens and virulent and antibiotic resistance genes. The properties of plastic allow it to be widely dispersed in practically all ocean compartments, making this material an effective means of transport for many species that could become invasive.

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