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1
Rodrigues, Joana P. B., Ângela Liberal, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, Ângela Fernandes und Lillian Barros. „Agri-Food Surplus, Waste and Loss as Sustainable Biobased Ingredients: A Review“. Molecules 27, Nr. 16 (15.08.2022): 5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165200.
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Ensuring a sustainable supply of food for the world’s fast growing population is a major challenge in today’s economy, as modern lifestyle and increasing consumer concern with maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is an important challenge for the agricultural sector worldwide. This market niche for healthier products, especially fruits and vegetables, has increased their production, consequently resulting in increased amounts of agri-food surplus, waste, and loss (SWL) generated during crop production, transportation, storage, and processing. Although many of these materials are not utilized, negatively affecting the environmental, economic, and social segments, they are a rich source of valuable compounds that could be used for different purposes, thus preventing the losses of natural resources and boosting a circular economy. This review aimed to give insights on the efficient management of agri-food SWL, considering conventional and emerging recovery and reuse techniques. Particularly, we explored and summarized the chemical composition of three worldwide cultivated and consumed vegetables (carrots, broccoli and lettuce) and evaluate the potential of their residues as a sustainable alternative for extracting value-added ingredients for the development of new biodynamic products.
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Zappaterra, Federico, Francesco Presini, Valentina Venturi, Lindomar Alberto Lerin, Pier Paolo Giovannini und Stefania Costa. „Biocatalytic Insights for The Synthesis of New Potential Prodrugs: Design of two Ibuprofen Derivatives“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 17 (31.08.2023): 9852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179852.
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Due to its effectiveness, ibuprofen is one of the most popular anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. However, the poor water solubility of this active ingredient severely limits its spectrum of pharmaceutical formulations (and often results in severe adverse effects due to high administered doses). To overcome these limitations, in this work, we enzymatically synthesized more hydrophilic derivatives of ibuprofen through its covalent attachment to two biobased polyalcohols: erythritol and glycerol. Herein, we report the optimized reaction conditions to produce an IBU–erythritol ester (82% ± 4% of conversion) by using Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB). Furthermore, we also report the enantioselective solventless esterification of (S)-ibuprofen with glycerol (83% ± 5% of conversion), exploiting immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase as a biocatalyst. The full NMR characterizations of the prodrug esters were performed via 1H, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC-NMR. The approach reported in this work can be extended to a large variety of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Mayser, Peter, Florian Genrich, Laura Meunier und Steffen Nordzieke. „Scalp Microbiome and Dandruff—Exploring Novel Biobased Esters“. Cosmetics 11, Nr. 5 (02.10.2024): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11050174.
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Recent data suggest that dandruff might be associated with dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome. This mini review summarizes the microbiome changes seen with the dandruff condition, as well as different solutions for dandruff control and their effects on the scalp microbiome in relation to in vivo efficacy. Since zinc pyrithione has been banned from cosmetics in the EU, the medium-chain fatty acid ester propanediol caprylate is a new option, in addition to the remaining conventional ingredients: piroctone olamine, climbazole, and salicylic acid. The ester is rapidly cleaved by Malassezia hydrolases in the external milieu, thereby releasing active caprylic acid. In addition to its auto-regulatory effects on Malassezia, propanediol caprylate is also able to influence the bacterial microbiota towards a healthier scalp microbiome. In vivo data have shown an efficacy comparable to climbazole and piroctone olamine. In vivo additive and synergistic effects in different combinations allow reductions in the concentration of conventional agents. Surprisingly, a new effect of a lasting healthier scalp has been identified in connection with ester use, in contrast to the usual return of dandruff experienced upon the discontinuation of anti-dandruff shampoo with conventional actives. We also report on new data from an unpublished comparative study on two propanediol monoesters confirming the long-lasting effect.
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Tămaș, Andra, Ioan Bîtcan, Sabina Nițu, Cristina Paul, Ioana Cristina Benea, Gerlinde Iuliana Rusu, Elline Perot, Francisc Peter und Anamaria Todea. „Novel Aromatic Estolide Esters from Biobased Resources by a Green Synthetic Approach“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 17 (04.09.2024): 7832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177832.
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The use of vegetable oils and their derivatives for polymer synthesis has been a major focus in recent years due to their universal availability, low production costs and biodegradability. In this study, the enzymatic synthesis of oligoesters of ricinoleic acid obtained from castor oil combined with three aromatic natural derivatives (cinnamyl alcohol, sinapic acid, and caffeic acid) was investigated. The formation of the reaction products was demonstrated by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy and for the oligo (ricinoleyl)-caffeate the thermal properties and biodegradability in sweet water were analyzed and a rheological characterization was performed. The successful enzymatic synthesis of oligoesters from ricinoleic acid and aromatic monomers using lipases not only highlights the potential of biocatalysis in green chemistry but also contributes to the development of sustainable and biodegradable methods for synthesizing products with potential applications as cosmetic ingredients.
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Ravi, Harish Karthikeyan, Côme Guidou, Jérôme Costil, Christophe Trespeuch, Farid Chemat und Maryline Abert Vian. „Novel Insights on the Sustainable Wet Mode Fractionation of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) into Lipids, Proteins and Chitin“. Processes 9, Nr. 11 (22.10.2021): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111888.
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The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a sustainable ingredient for feed applications, biofuels, composite materials and other biobased products. Processing BSFL to obtain lipid and protein fractions with enhanced functional properties as a suitable replacement for conventional feed ingredients has gained considerable momentum. In this regard, a novel and sustainable wet mode fractionation (WMF) scheme for BSFL was explored. Fresh BSFL were steam blanched and pulped to obtain BSFL juice and juice press cake. Subsequent treatment of BSFL juice employing homogenization or enzyme incubation and further centrifugation resulted in the obtention of four different BSFL fractions (Lipid—LF; Cream—CF; Aqueous—AF; and Solid—SF). Total energy consumption for a batch BSFL (500 g) WMF process was 0.321 kWh. Aqueous and solid fractions were the predominant constituents of BSFL juice. Lauric acid (44.52–49.49%) and linoleic acid (19.12–20.12%) were the primary fatty acids present in BSFL lipids. Lipid hydrolysis was observed in lipids belonging to the solid (free fatty acids > triacylglycerides) and cream fractions. Aqueous fraction proteins (ctrl) displayed superior emulsion stability and foam capacity than other treatments. Juice press cake retained 60% of the total chitin content and the rest, 40%, was found in the solid fraction (ctrl). The material distribution of principal constituents in different fractions of the WMF process and amino acid profile was elucidated. Overall, the versatile WMF process proposed in this study involves simple unit operations to obtain functional ingredients from BSFL, which can be further explored by researchers and industry stakeholders.
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Bacha, Katia, Catherine Chemotti, Jean-Claude Monboisse, Anthony Robert, Aurélien L. Furlan, Willy Smeralda, Christian Damblon et al. „Encapsulation of Vitamin C by Glycerol-Derived Dendrimers, Their Interaction with Biomimetic Models of Stratum corneum and Their Cytotoxicity“. Molecules 27, Nr. 22 (18.11.2022): 8022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228022.
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Vitamin C is one of the most sensitive cosmetic active ingredients. To avoid its degradation, its encapsulation into biobased carriers such as dendrimers is one alternative of interest. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the potential of two biobased glycerodendrimer families (GlyceroDendrimers-Poly(AmidoAmine) (GD-PAMAMs) or GlyceroDendrimers-Poly(Propylene Imine) (GD-PPIs)) as a vitamin C carrier for topical application. The higher encapsulation capacity of GD-PAMAM-3 compared to commercial PAMAM-3 and different GD-PPIs, and its absence of cytotoxicity towards dermal cells, make it a good candidate. Investigation of its mechanism of action was done by using two kinds of biomimetic models of stratum corneum (SC), lipid monolayers and liposomes. GD-PAMAM-3 and VitC@GD-PAMAM-3 (GD-PAMAM-3 with encapsulated vitamin C) can both interact with the lipid representatives of the SC lipid matrix, whichever pH is considered. However, only pH 5.0 is suggested to be favorable to release vitamin C into the SC matrix. Their binding to SC-biomimetic liposomes revealed only a slight effect on membrane permeability in accordance with the absence of cytotoxicity but an increase in membrane rigidity, suggesting a reinforcement of the SC barrier property. Globally, our results suggest that the dendrimer GD-PAMAM-3 could be an efficient carrier for cosmetic applications.
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Chambers, Meredith, und Mikesch Muecke. „Biobased Products and the LEED® Rating System“. Journal of Green Building 5, Nr. 4 (01.11.2010): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.4.91.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, over 40% by weight of all the materials consumed through the production of goods within the United States were comprised of renewable resources (Matos and Wagner 1998). In contrast, by the end of the 20th century renewable material usage had dropped to less than 8% by weight (Matos and Wagner 1998). Combined with both an increase in the overall rate at which we consume resources as well as growing awareness of the inherently finite availability of nonrenewable resources, the early decades of the 21st century may mark the beginning of a shift back to an increased use of biobased materials. While the relative proportion of the demand for biobased materials has changed over the past century, one factor that has remained constant is that a majority of renewable and nonrenewable resources consumed in the U.S. is used in the construction industry (Matos and Wagner 1998). Although the utilization of biobased products is increasing throughout all sectors, their popularity still lags in the building and construction industry, and they are surpassed by more widely accepted green practices such as the use of pre- and post-consumer recycled materials. There is, however, a great potential benefit to be gained from a resurgence in the use of biobased products, both from general environmental and human health perspectives. Examples of specific sectors that may profit from this include building and construction industries, which account for 40% (Roodman and Lenssen 1995) of global raw material usage, as well as the Federal government, which is the largest real property owner in the U.S. (U.S. General Services Administration 2006). A biobased material is defined as containing some percentage of a biologically renewable resource. According to ASTM E2114-2004, a renewable resource is something “that is grown, naturally replenished, or cleansed, at a rate which exceeds depletion of the usable supply of that resource.” The length of time needed to replace a renewable resource can vary greatly depending upon the resource—for example, it can take 30–100 years for a tree to mature while bamboo can be harvested in as little as 7 years. Rapidly renewable resources are defined, for the purposes of this paper, as those that can be replaced within 10 years. Bamboo, linoleum, and cork are just a few of the more common examples of rapidly renewable resources. The renewable, biobased, component of a material is either derived from a plant or animal, and resource supplies are typically managed in a sustainable fashion, thus ensuring its continued availability. This material may then be used within the product in a fairly unaltered state, it may undergo some chemical or physical transformation, or it may be combined with other products to create an intermediate ingredient in the production or manufacturing process. The decrease in biobased material utilization over the last 100 years has led to an increased use of non-biobased materials, and this development can yield numerous potentially negative impacts that have been fairly well documented in terms of many of their environmental impacts such as eutrophication and air pollution. These, however, only account for a portion of the total sum of potential impacts. In addition to potentially harmful impacts on the exterior environment, various material ingredients and components can negatively affect the interior environment as well through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other types of indoor air pollutants. VOCs are a concern because their emissions can be an ongoing problem within an interior space, since in addition to the initial release of compounds, surfaces can continually absorb and re-release the compounds back into the environment where they are absorbed by the inhabitants. If this occurs in combination with other problems, like poor building air circulation, the potential can develop for more serious concerns such as “Sick Building Syndrome” (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2010). While some of this can be mitigated through improved ventilation, indoor air quality is still found to be a concern by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Indoor Air Quality, 2010) and other groups. One of the most well known indoor air contaminants is formaldehyde, which is commonly found in the adhesives used in pressed wood products such as furniture, shelving, or particleboard; finishes and coatings on fabrics; paints and coatings; as well as some types of insulation.3 A 2008 study by Papadopoula, Nakos, and Tsiantzi examined the replacement of the formaldehyde-based resins with certain renewably based ones that yielded equivalent, and in some cases superior, performance characteristics in addition to providing a reduction in VOC levels. Another study that investigated school cleaning products found that, on average, the contaminate emission rate for green general cleaners was one fifth that of conventional cleaners (Environmental Working Group 2009). Other studies too, have shown correlations between the use of petroleum-based products and increased VOC levels. A joint report by the Healthy Building Network and Health Care Without Harm (Silas, Hansen, and Lent, 2007) also promotes the use of renewable materials to lessen indoor air quality concerns, and it provides guidelines and information for the health care industry on the benefits of renewable and biobased materials as well as the potential issues associated with petrochemical-based fibers. Additionally, the Healthy Building Network offers biopolymer and bioplastic production and purchasing guidelines. These environmental and health related concerns, as well as the potential market for biobased products, have become the focus of a variety of different areas of legislation and development. In addition to numerous Federal initiatives, an increased awareness of biobased materials and products is also being fostered within the building and construction fields by building rating systems such as Energy Star®, Green Globes, and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®).
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Munteanu, Silvestru Bogdănel, und Cornelia Vasile. „Vegetable Additives in Food Packaging Polymeric Materials“. Polymers 12, Nr. 1 (22.12.2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010028.
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Plants are the most abundant bioresources, providing valuable materials that can be used as additives in polymeric materials, such as lignocellulosic fibers, nano-cellulose, or lignin, as well as plant extracts containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds used in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The incorporation of additives into polymeric materials improves their properties to make them suitable for multiple applications. Efforts are made to incorporate into the raw polymers various natural biobased and biodegradable additives with a low environmental fingerprint, such as by-products, biomass, plant extracts, etc. In this review we will illustrate in the first part recent examples of lignocellulosic materials, lignin, and nano-cellulose as reinforcements or fillers in various polymer matrices and in the second part various applications of plant extracts as active ingredients in food packaging materials based on polysaccharide matrices (chitosan/starch/alginate).
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Oliva, Estefania, David Mathiron, Sébastien Rigaud, Eric Monflier, Emmanuel Sevin, Hervé Bricout, Sébastien Tilloy et al. „New Lipidyl-Cyclodextrins Obtained by Ring Opening of Methyl Oleate Epoxide Using Ball Milling“. Biomolecules 10, Nr. 2 (20.02.2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020339.
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Bearing grafts based on fatty esters derivatives, lipidyl-cyclodextrins (L-CDs) are compounds able to form water-soluble nano-objects. In this context, bicatenary biobased lipidic-cyclodextrins of low DS were easily synthesized from a fatty ester epoxide by means of alternative methods (ball-milling conditions, use of enzymes). The ring opening reaction of methyl oleate epoxide needs ball-milling and is highly specific of cyclodextrins in solventless conditions. L-CDs are thus composed of complex mixtures that were deciphered by an extensive structural analysis using mainly mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, as part of their potential use as vectors of active drugs, these products were submitted to an integrity study on in vitro model of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and the intestinal epithelium. No toxicity has been observed, suggesting that applications for the vectorization of active ingredients can be expected.
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Nuryadin, Egi, Ika Rahmawati, Fitri Natalia, Maya Cindiati, Dina Husnul Khotimah und Annisa Choerunnisa. „Pengabdian Masyarakat melalui Teknologi Osama Biobased Economy untuk Budidaya Cabai di Desa Sukasari Kabupaten Tasikmalaya“. Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 8, Nr. 3 (30.11.2022): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.8.3.289-302.
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Chili is one of the important food ingredients. The lack of public knowledge about chili cultivation techniques and good land optimization makes people's interest to grow chili less. In addition, household organic waste management in Tasikmalaya, especially in Sukasari Village, has not been optimal. The objectives of this service activity are 1) To provide knowledge and skills about chili cultivation techniques; 2) Utilization of household organic waste through the technology of processing household organic waste into organic fertilizer that can have economic value (Osama biobased economy); and 3) Educate the public regarding the optimization of yard land. The partners in this activity are the Jaya Mukti Farmers Association and Mukti Farmers Group which are located in adjacent areas with a total of 32 people using a random sampling technique because the sample is homogeneous. The activities carried out were in the form of socialization, demonstration, and practicum on household organic waste processing technology (Osama), chili cultivation techniques and optimization of yard land, as well as distribution of seeds and fertilizers to the community. The data collection technique in this activity uses a questionnaire. The results of this service activity indicate that there is an increase in community knowledge and skills in chili cultivation and the use of household organic waste and home yards.
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Mouro, Cláudia, Ana P. Gomes, Rita V. Costa, Farzaneh Moghtader und Isabel C. Gouveia. „The Sustainable Bioactive Dyeing of Textiles: A Novel Strategy Using Bacterial Pigments, Natural Antibacterial Ingredients, and Deep Eutectic Solvents“. Gels 9, Nr. 10 (05.10.2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100800.
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The textile industry stands as a prominent contributor to global environmental pollution, primarily attributable to its extensive reliance on synthetic dyes, hazardous components, and solvents throughout the textile dyeing and treatment processes. Consequently, the pursuit of sustainable textile solutions becomes imperative, aimed at replacing these environmentally unfriendly constituents with biobased and bioactive pigments, antibacterial agents, and, notably, natural solvents. Achieving this goal is a formidable yet indispensable challenge. In this study, the dyeing ability of the crude gel prodigiosin, produced by non-pathogenic bacteria Serratia plymuthica, was investigated on various multifiber fabrics at different conditions (temperature and pH) and by using salts and alternative mordants (the conventional Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4) and a new bio-mordant, L-Cysteine (L-Cys)). Additionally, a novel gel-based Choline chloride (ChCl)/Lactic acid (LA) (1:2) deep eutectic solvent (DES) dyeing medium was studied to replace the organic solvents. Nylon fabrics dyed with 3.0% over the weight of the fiber (owf) L-Cys at pH = 8.3 had improved color fastness to washing, while the gel-based ChCl/LA (1:2) DES dyebath provided a better color fastness to light. Moreover, nylon fabrics under these conditions exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In conclusion, the utilization of the crude gel-based prodigiosin pigment demonstrates a distinct advantage in dyeing textile materials, aligning with the growing consumer demand for more eco-friendly and sustainable products. Additionally, the application of the natural reducing agent L-Cys, previously untested as a bio-mordant, in conjunction with the use of gel-based DES as a dyeing medium, has showcased improved colorimetric and antibacterial properties when applied to nylon that is dyed with the crude gel prodigiosin pigment.
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Baptista, Sílvia, João R. Pereira, Cátia V. Gil, Cristiana A. V. Torres, Maria A. M. Reis und Filomena Freitas. „Development of Olive Oil and α-Tocopherol Containing Emulsions Stabilized by FucoPol: Rheological and Textural Analyses“. Polymers 14, Nr. 12 (09.06.2022): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122349.
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Biobased raw materials like natural polysaccharides are increasingly sought by the cosmetic industry for their valuable properties. Such biodegradable and usually non-cytotoxic biopolymers are commonly used in skin-care products as rheological modifiers, bioemulsifiers and/or bioactive ingredients. FucoPol is a natural polysaccharide with reported biocompatibility, emulsion-forming and stabilizing capacity, shear-thinning behavior and bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant capacity, wound healing ability) that potentiate its utilization in skin-care products. In this study, olive oil and α-tocopherol containing emulsions were stabilized with FucoPol. Although the presence of α-tocopherol negatively impacted the emulsions’ stability, it increased their emulsification index (EI). Moreover, FucoPol outperformed the commercial emulsifier Sepigel® 305, under the tested conditions, with higher EI and higher stability under storage for 30 days. The formulation of FucoPol-based emulsions with olive oil and α-tocopherol was studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) that allowed the definition of the ingredients’ content to attain high emulsification. The RSM model established that α-tocopherol concentration had no significant impact on the EI within the tested ranges, with optimal emulsification for FucoPol concentration in the range 0.7–1.2 wt.% and olive oil contents of 20–30 wt.%. Formulations with 25 wt.% olive oil and either 0.5 or 2.0 wt.% α-tocopherol were emulsified with 1.0 wt.% or 0.7 wt.% FucoPol, respectively, resulting in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The emulsions had similar shear-thinning behavior, but the formulation with higher FucoPol content displayed higher apparent viscosity, higher consistency, as well as higher firmness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness, but lower spreadability. These findings show FucoPol’s high performance as an emulsifier for olive oil/α-tocopherol, which are supported by an effective impact on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of the emulsions. Hence, this natural polysaccharide is a potential alternative to other emulsifiers.
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Paiva, Teresa, Maximiano Ribeiro und Paula Coutinho. „R&D Collaboration, Competitiveness Development, and Open Innovation in R&D“. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, Nr. 4 (16.10.2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040116.
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The competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector depends not only on its specific performance but also on the character and degree of the innovation performance, vital to added value development and differentiation in the biobased value-chain. This work intends to show, how through research and development (R&D), collaboration is possible to improve agri-food companies’ competitiveness, helping them to integrate biotechnology and offer innovative products. The method used to support the R&D collaboration model developed involves a diagnosis of biotechnological tools use, for developing appropriate solutions from food safety to food quality, improving health, and achieving new ingredients and/or food products within an agri-food Association partners survey results were integrated into the study of R&D collaboration practice. Results show that the companies (wine culture, fruticulture, and olive culture subsectors) inquired do not develop biotechnology research. They were all micro-business with a low volume of commercial billing, and only 27.3% claimed to have developed research activities in partnership with external research centres, but were not associated with higher education institutions. The barriers to the implementation of biotechnology techniques considered more relevant by respondents were access to capital and specialized human resources, which led to reinforcing the R&D collaboration strategy design.
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Manuguerra, Simona, Rosaria Arena, Eleonora Curcuraci, Giuseppe Renda, Maxime Rannou, Claire Hellio, Concetta Maria Messina und Andrea Santulli. „In Vitro Potential of Antioxidant Extracts from Gracilaria gracilis Cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) for Marine Biobased Sector“. Water 16, Nr. 18 (19.09.2024): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16182667.
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This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds extracted from Gracilaria gracilis cultivated in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system by different extraction solvents and to investigate the potential capacity of the extracts in cellular systems against environmental pollutants. The global yields, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity were assessed on G. gracilis by DPPH radical scavenging activity, comparing the antioxidant extraction efficiency of the different solvents (ethanol 80%, acetone 70%, N-hexane, and water). Ethanol extract, granted by the highest extractive yield and antioxidant capacity, was tested in vitro in the Sparus aurata fibroblast (SAF-1) cell line to evaluate its protective role against oxidative stress induced by the chemical flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). The results demonstrate that the cells pretreated with G. gracilis extract were protected against oxidative stress and had improved cell viability, cellular antioxidant defense system, and cell cycle control, as demonstrated by the gene expression on some biomarkers related to the cell cycle (p53) and oxidative stress (nrf2, sod, and cat). These results confirm that bioactive compounds obtained from seaweeds cultivated in IMTAs could contribute to producing high-value ingredients that are able to counteract environmental stressors, for the growth of the marine biobased industrial sector and the expansion of new value chains.
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Miles, Carol, Lisa DeVetter, Shuresh Ghimire und Douglas G. Hayes. „Suitability of Biodegradable Plastic Mulches for Organic and Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems“. HortScience 52, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11249-16.
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Biodegradable plastic mulch has the potential to be a sustainable technology in agricultural production systems if the mulch performs equally to polyethylene (PE) mulch and biodegrades completely into constituents that do not harm the soil ecology or environment. Reduced labor costs for removal and disposal, and reduced landfill waste add further appeal to the sustainability of biodegradable plastic mulch. Biodegradable paper mulch has been allowed in certified organic production systems in the United States for many years, while the National Organic Program (NOP) added biodegradable biobased plastic mulch to the list of allowed synthetic substances for organic crop production in Oct. 2014. Although biodegradable plastic mulch may meet the NOP biodegradability requirements (90% biodegradation within 2 years), currently no products have been approved for use in certified organic production because, so far, none meet the requirement of being completely biobased. Additionally, while the synthetic manufacturing processes that are used to make biodegradable plastic mulch are allowed by the NOP, the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the feedstocks, including their fermentation, is not allowed. Organic growers are advised always to check with their certifier before applying a product as some biodegradable mulch manufacturers and marketers erroneously advertise their product as “organic.” Looking forward, if biodegradable plastic mulch meets the NOP requirement of 90% biodegradation after 2 years, there is a possibility that 10% of plastic mulch residuals will persist (if the mulch contains nonbiodegradable ingredients); in this case, after 8 years of annual biodegradable mulch application, plastic residuals in the soil would exceed twice the amount of mulch applied per year. The current methods used by the NOP to test mulch biodegradation are laboratory based and it is uncertain if the results accurately represent field conditions. Reliable field sampling methods to measure residual mulch fragments in the soil need to be developed; however, it is unlikely such field tests will measure CO2 evolution, and thus will not be a true measure of biodegradation. Additional testing is needed under diverse field conditions to accurately quantify the rate and extent of biodegradation of mulch products that are marketed as biodegradable.
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Steinsholm, Silje, Åge Oterhals, Jarl Underhaug und Tone Aspevik. „Emulsion and Surface-Active Properties of Fish Solubles Based on Direct Extraction and after Hydrolysis of Atlantic Cod and Atlantic Salmon Backbones“. Foods 10, Nr. 1 (25.12.2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010038.
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The focus on natural foods and “clean” labeled products is increasing and encourages development of new biobased ingredients. Fish solubles derived from downstream processing of side stream materials in the fish filleting industries have potential as emulsifiers based on their surface-active and emulsion stabilizing properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare emulsion properties and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of direct protein extracts and protein hydrolysates based on fish backbones, and to identify associations between molecular weight distribution and process yield with the studied physicochemical properties. Protein extracts and enzymatic protein hydrolysates were produced based on two raw materials (cod and salmon backbones), two enzymes with different proteolytic specificity, and varying hydrolysis time. Emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI) and CMC were measured and compared with casein as a reference to protein-based emulsifiers. Protein hydrolysis was found to have negative impact on EAI and CMC, likely due to generation of small peptides disrupting the amphiphilic balance. The direct protein extracts had comparable EAI with casein, but the latter had superior ESI values. Protein hydrolysates with acceptable EAI could only be obtained at the expense of product yield. The study emphasizes the complexity of physicochemical properties of protein hydrolysates and discusses the challenges of achieving both good surface-active properties and high product yield.
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Bose, Ipsheta, Swarup Roy, Vinay Kumar Pandey und Rahul Singh. „A Comprehensive Review on Significance and Advancements of Antimicrobial Agents in Biodegradable Food Packaging“. Antibiotics 12, Nr. 6 (26.05.2023): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12060968.
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Food waste is key global problem and more than 90% of the leftover waste produced by food packaging factories is dumped in landfills. Foods packaged using eco-friendly materials have a longer shelf life as a result of the increased need for high-quality and secure packaging materials. For packaging purposes, natural foundation materials are required, as well as active substances that can prolong the freshness of the food items. Antimicrobial packaging is one such advancement in the area of active packaging. Biodegradable packaging is a basic form of packaging that will naturally degrade and disintegrate in due course of time. A developing trend in the active and smart food packaging sector is the use of natural antioxidant chemicals and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). The potential for active food packaging applications has been highlighted by the incorporation of these materials, such as polysaccharides and proteins, in biobased and degradable matrices, because of their stronger antibacterial and antioxidant properties, UV-light obstruction, water vapor permeability, oxygen scavenging, and low environmental impact. The present review highlights the use of antimicrobial agents and nanoparticles in food packaging, which helps to prevent undesirable changes in the food, such as off flavors, colour changes, or the occurrence of any foodborne outcomes. This review attempts to cover the most recent advancements in antimicrobial packaging, whether edible or not, employing both conventional and novel polymers as support, with a focus on natural and biodegradable ingredients.
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Batinić, Petar, Milena Milošević, Milan Lukić, Željana Prijić, Stefan Gordanić, Vladimir Filipović, Aleksandar Marinković, Branko Bugarski und Tatjana Marković. „In vitro evaluation of antioxidative activities of the extracts of petals of Paeonia lactiflora and Calendula officinalis incorporated in the new forms of biobased carriers“. Food and Feed Research 49, Nr. 2 (2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr49-36381.
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In this study, the petals collected from peony hybrid Paeonia lactiflora "Bowl of Beauty" and Calendula officinalis L. were extracted using an ethanol-water mixture assisted with microwave and ultrasonic treatment. The isolation of Calendula officinalis L. essential oil was done by hydrodistillation as well. The total phenolic and flavonoids content in the extracts and oil were determined and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. The highest total phenolic content was found for the extracts of hybrid P. lactiflora and C. officinalis L. obtained by ultrasound extraction (83.16 and 114.47 mg GA/g, respectively), while the flavonoid content obtained by microwave-assisted extraction was relatively high (123.48 and 65.29 mg QE/g, respectively). The highest antioxidant activity was obtained in DPPH• and ABTS•+ assay for the microwave-assisted extraction of hybrid P. lactiflora (79% and 83%) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of C. officinalis L. (45% and 49%), respectively. To improve antioxidant activity of both types of examined analytes (extracts and essential oil), the pectin biopolymer film (as a carrier) was prepared in the process of enzymatically assisted catalysis. Optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the characterization of obtained materials. The films, with essential oil of C. officinalis L. and gallic acid, showed significantly increased percentage inhibition in DPPH• and ABTS•+ test (91% and 95%, respectively) after 10 minutes. The results, also, showed that all formulations of pectin biopolymer film, modified with gallic acid, can be successfully applied as a carrier for both types of ingredients.
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Morganti, Pierfrancesco, Vladimir Yudin, Gianluca Morganti und Maria-Beatrice Coltelli. „Trends in Surgical and Beauty Masks for a Cleaner Environment“. Cosmetics 7, Nr. 3 (31.08.2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7030068.
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The surgical face mask (SFM) is a sheet medical device covering the mouth, nose and chin to protect the medical staff from the spread of respiratory droplets produced by the infective coughing or sneezing of hospitalized patients. On the other hand the beauty face mask (BFM) has been made by the same sheet but with a different aim—to protect the skin from pollution, acting as a hydrating and rejuvenation agent. Currently, both masks are made principally by non-biodegradable tissues, utilized to avoid the increasing great pollution invading our planet. Due to the diffusion of the current COVID-19 infection rate and the increasing consumption of skin care and beauty products, the waste of these masks, made principally by petrol-derived polymers, is creating further intolerable waste-invaded land and oceans. After an introduction to the aims, differences and market of the various masks, their productive means and ingredients are reported. These news are believed necessary to give the reader the working knowledge of these products, in the context of the bioeconomy, to better understand the innovative tissues proposed and realized by the biobased and biodegradable polymers. Thus, the possibility of producing biodegradable SFMs and BFMs, characterized for their effective antimicrobial and skin repairing activities or hydrating and antiaging activity, respectively. These innovative smart and biodegradable masks are requested from the majority of consumers oriented towards a future green environment. Giving this new sense of direction to their production and consumption, it will be possible to reduce the current waste, ranging worldwide at about 2 billion tons per year.
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Kristianto, Hans, Angelica Jennifer, Asaf Kleopas Sugih und Susiana Prasetyo. „Potensi Polisakarida dari Limbah Buah-buahan sebagai Koagulan Alami dalam Pengolahan Air dan Limbah Cair: Review“. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 14, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.57798.
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Nowadays, various studies related to utilization of biobased materials as natural coagulants have been explored. Based on the source, natural coagulants can be classified as animal, vegetable, or microbial based. Furthermore, based on the active ingredients, it can be classified as protein, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are abundant natural ingredients and are often found in plants or animals. In this study, we focused on polysaccharides, especially those from fruit waste, such as seeds and fruit peels. It is known that around 25-30% of the total weight of fruit is generally wasted, even though it contains phytochemicals and various active ingredients that can be utilized, especially as a natural coagulant. This review will focus on the use of pectin and starch from fruit waste as natural coagulants for water- wastewater treatment. Generally, pectin is commonly found in the skin of fruits as part of the cell wall structure, while starch is found in fruit seeds as food reserves. To be used as a natural coagulant, pectin or starch need to be extracted first. In particular, starch needs to be modified either physically or chemically. The coagulation mechanism of pectin and starch usually follows the interparticle bridging mechanism. The use of pectin and starch from fruit waste needs to be explored and further investigated, to substitute the use of chemical coagulants.Keywords: coagulation; fruit waste; natural coagulant; polysaccharidesA B S T R A KDewasa ini berbagai studi terkait pemanfaatan bahan alam sebagai koagulan alami telah banyak dieksplorasi. Berdasarkan sumbernya, koagulan alami dapat digolongkan berbasis hewani, nabati, maupun mikrobial, sementara berdasarkan bahan aktifnya dapat digolongkan sebagai protein, polifenol, dan polisakarida. Polisakarida merupakan bahan alam yang berlimpah dan seringkali dijumpai pada tumbuh-tumbuhan dan hewan. Pada kajian ini difokuskan pada polisakarida terutama yang berasal dari limbah buah-buahan yang tidak termanfaatkan, seperti biji dan kulit buah. Diketahui sekitar 25-30% dari total berat buah pada umumnya terbuang, padahal memiliki kandungan fitokimia dan berbagai bahan aktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan, salah satunya sebagai koagulan alami. Pada tinjauan ini akan difokuskan pada pemanfaatan pektin dan pati dari limbah buah-buahan sebagai koagulan alami untuk pengolahan air dan limbah cair. Secara umum pektin umum dijumpai pada bagian kulit buah-buahan sebagai bagian dari struktur dinding sel, sementara pati umum dijumpai pada biji buah-buahan sebagai cadangan makanan. Untuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai koagulan alami, pektin ataupun pati perlu diekstrak terlebih dahulu, dan pati secara khusus perlu dimodifikasi baik secara fisika maupun kimia. Secara umum mekanisme koagulasi oleh pektin dan pati mengikuti mekanisme interparticle bridging. Pemanfaatan pektin dan pati dari limbah buah-buahan perlu dieksplorasi dan diteliti lebih lanjut, agar dapat mensubstitusi penggunaan koagulan kimia secara komersial.Kata kunci: koagulasi; koagulan alami; limbah buah-buahan; polisakarida
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Kunioka, Masao, Akira Saito, Mari Nakajima und Shunji Araki. „BIOBASED CONTENTS OF MODEL RUBBER COMPOUNDS BASED ON ISO 19984 SERIES“. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 91, Nr. 1 (01.01.2018): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct-18-82613.
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ABSTRACT The percent modern carbon (pMC) values of natural rubbers from certain global areas as biomass resources and foods in Japan were confirmed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The pMC value of biomass harvested in 2014 and 2015 was determined to be 101%. The optimal conditions for AMS pretreatment procedures were examined. Eleven model rubber compounds were prepared to determine biobased contents. The biobased contents of the model rubber compounds were calculated using their formulations and measured by carbon-14 concentration (equivalent to percent modern carbon) using AMS. The biobased carbon contents of the rubber compounds were estimated based on ISO 19984-1 by the ratio of biobased carbon mass to total carbon mass in the sample material and measured based on ISO 19984-2 using AMS for the sample itself. Their biobased mass contents were calculated based on ISO 19984-1 as the ratio of biobased ingredient mass to total sample mass and measured based on ISO 19984-3 by chemical analysis and AMS for separated samples of rubber, solvent extract, and inorganics including carbon black. The reproducibility of the biobased contents was determined by round robin test (RRT) in the ISO technical committee 45 “Rubber and Rubber Products” during preparation, documentation, and discussion of the ISO 19984 series. Nine AMS laboratories and one chemical evaluation laboratory, located in four countries, participated in this RRT. These methods for determining biobased contents were confirmed to have high reproducibility. The biobased carbon content and the biobased mass content of commercial rubber products, such as tire parts, were successfully measured based on ISO 19984-2 and 3.
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Ariyanta, Harits Atika, Eko Budi Santoso, Lisman Suryanegara, Enos Tangke Arung, Irawan Wijaya Kusuma, Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib, M. Hazwan Hussin, Yeni Yanuar, Irmanida Batubara und Widya Fatriasari. „Recent Progress on the Development of lignin as future ingredient biobased cosmetics“. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 32 (Mai 2023): 100966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100966.
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Romero-Orejon, Frank L., Jorge Huaman, Patricia Lozada, Fernando Ramos-Escudero und Ana María Muñoz. „Development and Functionality of Sinami (Oenocarpus mapora) Seed Powder as a Biobased Ingredient for the Production of Cosmetic Products“. Cosmetics 10, Nr. 3 (12.06.2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10030090.
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Sinami (Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst), a native fruit found in the Amazon region of South America, has high nutritional value and is rich in lipids. However, the processing of sinami generates a large volume of agro-industrial waste, mainly composed of seeds. Our research comprises a proximal analysis of the sinami seed and its phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. The chemical analysis revealed high moisture but low protein, fiber, and lipid content. Furthermore, the extracts showed high in vitro antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical IC50 (0.34 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and ABTS IC50 (0.10 ± 0.0002 mg/mL) free radicals. Based on this previous assessment, a gel exfoliant was developed. Since sinami seed powder is a novel ingredient, different formulations were evaluated to determine future incorporation into the cosmetic market. The best exfoliant gel prototype was studied under normal and stressed conditions (40 °C) for 3 months, maintaining a pH value of 5.25 and final viscosities of 700–800 mPa.s and 600–500 mPa.s under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Although unexplored, the sinami seed could be considered a raw material for the cosmetic industry.
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Linares-Devia, Natalia, Javier Arrieta-Escobar, Yolima Baena, Alvaro Orjuela und Coralia Osorio. „Development and Characterization of Emulsions Containing Ground Seeds of Passiflora Species as Biobased Exfoliating Agents“. Cosmetics 9, Nr. 1 (21.01.2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9010015.
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Ground seeds from three species of the genus Passiflora, P. ligularis, P. edulis Sims fo edulis, and P. mollissima, were obtained by extraction, drying, grinding, and sieving, and their physicochemical properties (morphology, hardness, and proximal analysis) were compared to those of commercial exfoliant seeds from passion fruit. Particle sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm were obtained, and their properties were similar to the commercial product except for the extractable material content that was higher. Subsequently, prototypes of an exfoliating cosmetic product were developed by using the ground seeds as the main active ingredient. Rheology characterization of samples enables to verify that the particles have minor effects on emulsion properties and that the emulsion is stable even after thermal treatment. In particular, the pH of the emulsion decreased when using the obtained ground seeds. This is consistent with the extraction and solvation of organic acids into the emulsion, in particular, alpha-hydroxy acids, which are present in high concentrations in Passiflora species. This indicates that the prepared emulsions could have a synergic chemical and physical exfoliating activity and could be used in cosmetic products.
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Minsat, Laurène, Cédric Peyrot, Fanny Brunissen, Jean-Hugues Renault und Florent Allais. „Synthesis of Biobased Phloretin Analogues: An Access to Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds for Cosmetic Applications“. Antioxidants 10, Nr. 4 (25.03.2021): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040512.
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The current cosmetic and nutraceutical markets are characterized by a strong consumer demand for a return to natural products that are less harmful to both the consumers and the environment than current petrosourced products. Phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone (DHC) found in apple, has been widely studied for many years and identified as a strong antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase ingredient for cosmetic formulations. Its low concentration in apples does not allow it to be obtained by direct extraction from biomass in large quantities to meet market volumes and prices. Moreover, its remarkable structure prevents its synthesis through a green process. To overcome these issues, the synthesis of phloretin analogs appears as an alternative to access valuable compounds that are potentially more active than phloretin itself. Under such considerations, 12 chalcones (CHs) and 12 dihydrochalcones (DHCs) were synthesized through a green Claisen–Schmidt condensation using bio-based reagents. In order to evaluate the potential of these molecules, radical scavenging DPPH and anti-tyrosinase tests have been conducted. Moreover, the UV filtering properties and the stability of these analogs towards UV-radiations have been evaluated. Some molecules showed competitive antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities regarding phloretin. Two compounds in particular showed EC50 lower than phloretin, one chalcone and one dihydrochalcone.
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Han, Jiarui, Jiaxin Shi, Zhining Xie, Jun Xu und Baohua Guo. „Synthesis, Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Butylene 2-Methylsuccinate) and Application for Sustainable Release“. Materials 12, Nr. 9 (09.05.2019): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091507.
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A novel biobased and biodegradable polyester, i.e., poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene 2-methylsuccinate) (P(BS-BMS)) was synthesized by succinic acid (SA), 2-methylsuccinic acid (MSA), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) via a typically two-step esterification and polycondensation procedure. The chemical structure and macromolecular weight of obtained copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC. The melting temperature and degree of crystallinity were also studied by DSC, and it was found that the values were gradually decreased with increasing of MSA content, while the thermal stability remained almost unchanged which was tested by TGA. In addition, the biodegradation rate of the P(BS-BMS) copolymers could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of SA and MSA, and such biodegradability could make P(BS-BMS) copolymers avoid microplastic pollution which may be brought to the environment for applications in agricultural field. When we applied P(BS-BMS) copolymers as pesticide carriers which were prepared by premix membrane emulsification (PME) method for controlling Avermectin delivery, an improvement of dispersion and utilization of active ingredient was obviously witnessed. It showed a burst release process first followed by a sustained release of Avermectin for a long period, which had a great potential to be an effective and environmental friendly pesticide-release vehicle.
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Sadsyam, Titien Marwah, Muhammad Yanuar Ichrom Nahzi und Juli Harnida Purwaningayu. „ANTI-BACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF CHITOSAN OF PAPUYU FISH (Anabas testudineus) AGAINST BACTERIA Streptococcus mutans“. Dentino: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 9, Nr. 2 (02.09.2024): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v9i2.20393.
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Background: Streptococcus mutans is one of the main bacteria that cause dental caries by demineralized hard tissues of the teeth. People can use natural ingredients to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans microorganisms, that is chitosan papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus). Purpose: The purpose is to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan from papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria based on the values of the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration). Methods: This is an experimental study with posttest only with a control group design using 30 samples of chitosan papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus) grouped into 6 treatment groups and 5 samples repetitions. The treatment groups were chitosan papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus) with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, 0.2% chlorhexidine as a positive control, and aquades as a negative control. Calculation of absorbance using a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Biobase BK-D560 for MIC and Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies were visualized with a colony counter for MBC. Results: The results of the Kruskal Wallis test for MIC and MBC of papuyu fish chitosan concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% obtained significant results of p=0.00, which means p<0, 05 and showed a significant difference between treatments. Conclusion: There are differences in the effectiveness of MIC and MBC chitosan of papuyu fish scales (Anabas testudineus) at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (positive control), and aquadest (negative control).
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Goculdas, Tejas B., Maximus Ramirez, Michael of Crossley, Sunitha Sadula und Dionisios G. Vlachos. „Biomass‐derived, Target Specific, and Ecologically Safer Insecticide Active Ingredients“. ChemSusChem, 26.06.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202400824.
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With the continuous increase in food production to support the growing population, ensuring agricultural sustainability using crop‐protecting agents, such as pesticides, is vital. Conventional pesticides pose significant environmental risks, prompting the need for eco‐friendly alternatives. This study reports the synthesis of new amide‐based insecticidal active ingredients from biomass‐derived monomers, specifically furfural and vanillin. The process involves reductive amination followed by carbonylation. The synthesis of the furfural‐based carbamate yield reaches a cumulative 88%, with catalysts Rh/Al2O3 and La(OTf)3 being recyclable at each stage. Insecticidal activity assessments reveal that the furfural carbamate exhibits competitive performance, achieving an LC50 of 6.35 μg/cm², compared to 6.27 μg/cm² for carbofuran. Ecotoxicity predictions indicate significantly lower toxicity levels toward non‐target aquatic and terrestrial species. The importance of the low octanol‐water partition coefficient of the biobased carbamate, attributed to the oxygen heteroatom and electron density of the furan ring, is discussed in detail. Building on these promising results, the synthesis strategy was extended to six other biobased aldehydes, resulting in a diverse portfolio of biomass‐derived carbamates. A techno‐economic analysis reveals a minimum selling price of 11.1$/kg, only half that of comparable carbamates, demonstrating the economic viability of these new biobased insecticides.
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Yayci, Abdulkadir, Tim Sassmann, Alexander Boes, Felix Jakob, Alexander Töpel, Anne Loreth, Carolin Rauch, Andrij Pich und Ulrich Schwaneberg. „Adhesion Peptide‐Functionalized Biobased Microgels for Controlled Delivery of Pesticides“. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 23.04.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202319832.
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Widespread use of plant protection agents in agriculture is a major cause of pollution. Apart from active ingredients, the environmental impact of auxiliary synthetic polymers should be minimized if they are highly persistent. An alternative to synthetic polymers is the use of natural polysaccharides, which are abundant and biodegradable. In this study, we explore pectin microgels functionalized with anchor peptides (P‐MAPs) to be used as an alternative biobased pesticide delivery system. Using complexed Cu2+ as the active ingredient, P‐MAPs effectively prevented infection of grapevine plants with downy mildew under semi‐field conditions on par with commercial copper pesticides. By using anchor peptides, the microgels tightly bind to the leaf surface, exhibiting excellent rain fastness and prolonged fungicidal activity. Finally, P‐MAPs are shown to be easily degradable by enzymes found in nature, demonstrating their negligible long‐term impact on the environment.
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Yayci, Abdulkadir, Tim Sassmann, Alexander Boes, Felix Jakob, Alexander Töpel, Anne Loreth, Carolin Rauch, Andrij Pich und Ulrich Schwaneberg. „Adhesion Peptide‐Functionalized Biobased Microgels for Controlled Delivery of Pesticides“. Angewandte Chemie, 23.04.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202319832.
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Widespread use of plant protection agents in agriculture is a major cause of pollution. Apart from active ingredients, the environmental impact of auxiliary synthetic polymers should be minimized if they are highly persistent. An alternative to synthetic polymers is the use of natural polysaccharides, which are abundant and biodegradable. In this study, we explore pectin microgels functionalized with anchor peptides (P‐MAPs) to be used as an alternative biobased pesticide delivery system. Using complexed Cu2+ as the active ingredient, P‐MAPs effectively prevented infection of grapevine plants with downy mildew under semi‐field conditions on par with commercial copper pesticides. By using anchor peptides, the microgels tightly bind to the leaf surface, exhibiting excellent rain fastness and prolonged fungicidal activity. Finally, P‐MAPs are shown to be easily degradable by enzymes found in nature, demonstrating their negligible long‐term impact on the environment.
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CASTELO, Rachel Menezes, Luana Carvalho Da SILVA, Herllan Vieira de ALMEIDA, Huai Nan CHENG, Atanu BISWAS, Hilton César Rodrigues MAGALHÃES und Roselayne Ferro FURTADO. „Polymeric microencapsulation of pequi oil: preparation and characterization“. Food Science and Technology 44 (01.04.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/fst.00208.
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Microencapsulation is often used to protect an unstable bioactive ingredient from the actions of external factors. In our work, we have found biobased polymers to be particularly suited as polymeric microencapsulants. Thus, pequi oil (from Caryocar coriaceum) was encapsulated by ionic gelation through polyelectrolyte complex formation between chitosan and alginate. The process of microparticle formation was studied, and the formation of the polymeric emulsion and microparticles was fully characterized. The influence of freeze-drying and oven-drying on the characteristics of the microparticles was also investigated. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) was utilized as a testing protocol to prepare a stable emulsion for microencapsulation, with the HLB of 10.2 showing the best stability. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 96.2 and 37.0%, respectively. Oven-dried particles showed a smaller particle size and a lower degree of sphericity and swelling than freeze-dried particles. Furthermore, freeze-dried microparticles had a lower percentage of oleic acid than those dried in an oven. This systematic approach (involving preparation, characterization, and optimization) should be applicable to the polymeric microencapsulation of other unstable bioactive ingredients for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Vyavahare, Siddhant A., Baburao M. Kharat und Aarti P. More. „Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends and composites: A review“. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 26.04.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202300177.
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AbstractPolybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic material, which is a member of the polyester family. It has excellent thermal and flow properties, high stiffness, and strength, which make it a good choice for combining various polymers. Various blends and composites of PBT are majorly prepared by melt blending like PBT/polypropylene (PP), PBT/PC and PBT/epoxy are examples of polybutylene terephthalate combinations. The compatibilizer plays a crucial role in blending and PBT grafted with the main ingredients utilized in PBT mixes to increase adhesion between the phases are epoxies, acrylic acid, and maleic anhydride. PBT can be reinforced with powder fillers and fibers to make polymer composites. PBT blends and composites have applications in the automotive industry, aerospace, electronics, consumer goods, etc. Due to an increasing enviornmental concern, research is being carried out for biobased PBT blends and composites.
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Vargas-Carpintero, Ricardo, Felipe Romero-Perdomo, Juan F. Martínez und Iris Lewandowski. „A review of the knowledge base for the development of natural ingredients value chains for a sustainable biobased economy in Colombia“. Discover Sustainability 4, Nr. 1 (03.08.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00150-w.
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AbstractNatural ingredients (NIs) from plant biodiversity represent a value creation strategy in the transition to a sustainable biobased economy, especially in biodiversity rich countries. A necessary action to achieve this purpose is to orientate research and strengthen the knowledge base of NIs following a value chain (VC) approach. Although the promotion of NIVCs has gained increasing attention in the bioeconomy, a description of the scientific progress, research advances and gaps towards their development is necessary. This review aimed to scrutinize the existing literature on NIVCs to determine its state of progress. Firstly, we explored the global diffusion of research on natural plant ingredients. Secondly, we examined the research landscape in Colombia, focusing on the cooperation between countries, economic sectors impacted, and plant species reported. Lastly, we selected the most reported plant species as a promising NI source in Colombia to assess the literature that constitute the knowledge base of this plant in relation to the VC building blocks: biomass production, biomass processing, product development, and transversal aspects such as sustainability and governance. We show that research on NIs has risen worldwide, with notable scientific output from China, India, and the United States. In Colombia, the interest in NIs from plant biodiversity has also gained importance in the research agenda. Its progress is based on extensive collaboration between institutions, mainly from Spain, the United States, and Brazil. Its research prospects include diverse applications in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. We identify Lippia origanoides as the most reported native plant in scientific literature in Colombia. Using this plant as case study, we provide an overview of the knowledge base of L. origanoides in relation to the VC. Our results indicate that most publications focus on product development, suggesting a lack of comprehensive coverage of the VC and potentially neglected aspects. Based on this, we describe the current and desired scenario of L. origanoides VCs, as well as needs and opportunities for their sustainable implementation in Colombia. This contributes to build research and development roadmaps of sustainable NIVCs from plant diversity supported by multi-stakeholder collaboration.
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Kujur, Akish E., und Sudipta Goswami. „Effect of variation of biobased phenolic resin content in natural rubber blend on rheological, thermal and tribological properties“. Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, 24.01.2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443251317115.
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A biobased copolymer, phenol-cardanol-formaldehyde (PCF928), was prepared by condensation reaction between phenol, cardanol, and formaldehyde. The mixture (P) of phenol and cardanol (92:8 w/w) was mixed with formaldehyde (F) in the molar ratio of 1:0.8 (P:F), and using oxalic acid as a catalyst, the reaction was carried out. This resin (PCF928) was blended with natural rubber in various proportions (like 5, 10, 20, and 30 phr), and four samples were prepared that had the same amounts of C-black as filler and all other ingredients. These were vulcanized in the presence of hexamethylene tetramine and sulfur together. These samples were characterized by density, hardness, and crosslink density. The blends possess higher crosslink density, hardness, and density than that of the pure rubber compound. Mechanical properties of the blends were greater than those of the pure natural rubber (NR) compound. All the blend samples were found equally stable up to 400⁰C. Storage and loss modulus of the blends improved with an increase in PCF928 content when measured by varying the frequency at a constant temperature (125⁰C). Wear resistance of the blends increased with a simultaneous reduction in the coefficient of friction due to the increase in the resin content in them.
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Rischard, Floriane, Amandine L. Flourat, Léa Broche, Abdouramane Dosso, Blandine Godon, Florent Allais, Ecaterina Gore und Géraldine Savary. „Novel Biobased Multifunctional Emollients for Cosmetic Applications: Toward the Ingredient-List Reduction“. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 17.11.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04259.
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Zhang, Songbo, Qizhou Yu, Pibo Liu, Miao Guo, Juntao Ren, He Li, Yanming Hu und Guangyuan Zhou. „Biobased Inverse Vulcanized Polymer from Magnolol as a Multifunctional Ingredient for Carbon-Black-Reinforced Rubber Composites“. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 12.12.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06036.
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Binder, Pablo M., Nicola Frison, Nagore Guerra-Gorostegi, Ipan Hidayat, Lidia Paredes, Laia Llenas, Enric Blázquez et al. „Innovative multiple resource recovery pathways from EBPR wastewater treatment–derived sludge“. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 15.02.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03849-y.
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AbstractWastewater treatment–derived sludge is a growing concern. Environmental issues, rising sludge production rates, and stringent regulations create the necessity to seek for treatment and valorization alternatives. Sludge is a potential source of high-value materials which can be recovered and transformed into new products such as animal feeds; bioplastics; biofuels, biostimulants; or biobased fertilizers. Considering the current legal constraints hindering the use of certain waste streams, the objective of this work is to show the technical viability for obtaining multiple valuable products from sludge. The emphasis is placed on novel valorization pathways, such as microalgae and purple bacteria cultures growing over sludge. The obtained products are benchmarked against traditional methods for resource recovery such as direct land application and P recovery from ashes. Our results show, besides the nutrient (TKN 7.38, TP 4.41; K 0.47 g 100 g TS-1) and energy content (HHV 22.53 MJ Kg-1 TS), that sludge could be employed to produce a suitable growing medium for microalgae and purple bacteria cultures obtaining, in the latter, remarkable high contents of high-quality proteins (64.50 % dw) for potential valorization as animal feed ingredient. We also obtained nutrient rich microalgae biomass (TKN 7.10, TP 8.10; K 0.40 g 100 g TS-1) which could be used as inputs for biobased fertilizers or biostimulants preliminarily complying with the nutrient requirements in EU 2019/1009. Current global scenario, showing economic and supply risk uncertainties regarding food production inputs, generates the urgent need to find feasible pathways for obtaining recovered products such as the ones presented in this study. Graphical abstract