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1
Wojnowska-Baryła, Irena, Dorota Kulikowska und Katarzyna Bernat. „Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 5 (09.03.2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052088.
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This article focuses on the end-of-life management of bio-based products by recycling, which reduces landfilling. Bio-plastics are very important materials, due to their widespread use in various fields. The advantage of these products is that they primarily use renewable materials. At its end-of-life, a bio-based product is disposed of and becomes post-consumer waste. Correctly designing waste management systems for bio-based products is important for both the environment and utilization of these wastes as resources in a circular economy. Bioplastics are suitable for reuse, mechanical recycling, organic recycling, and energy recovery. The volume of bio-based waste produced today can be recycled alongside conventional wastes. Furthermore, using biodegradable and compostable bio-based products strengthens industrial composting (organic recycling) as a waste management option. If bio-based products can no longer be reused or recycled, it is possible to use them to produce bio-energy. For future effective management of bio-based waste, it should be determined how these products are currently being managed. Methods for valorizing bio-based products should be developed. Technologies could be introduced in conjunction with existing composting and anaerobic digestion infrastructure as parts of biorefineries. One option worth considering would be separating bio-based products from plastic waste, to maintain the effectiveness of chemical recycling of plastic waste. Composting bio-based products with biowaste is another option for organic recycling. For this option to be viable, the conditions which allow safe compost to be produced need to be determined and compost should lose its waste status in order to promote bio-based organic recycling.
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Głowińska, Ewa, Olga Gotkiewicz und Paulina Kosmela. „Sustainable Strategy for Algae Biomass Waste Management via Development of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Composites“. Molecules 28, Nr. 1 (03.01.2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010436.
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This work concerns the waste management method of algae biomass wastes (ABW). For this purpose, we prepared bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (bio-TPU) composites. Algae biomass wastes are derived from algal oil extraction of Chlorella vulgaris and from biomass of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina. ABWs were used in the bio-TPUs composites as a filler in the quantity of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The bio-based composites were prepared via the in situ method. Polymer matrix was synthesized from a bio-based polyester polyol, diisocyanate mixture (composed of partially bio-based and synthetic diisocyanates), and bio-based 1,3 propanediol. In this study, the chemical structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of prepared composites were investigated. Based on the conducted research, it was determined that the type and the content of algae waste influence the properties of the bio-based polyurethane matrix. In general, the addition of algae biomass wastes led to obtain materials characterized by good mechanical properties and noticeable positive ecological impact by increasing the total amount of green components in prepared bio-TPU-based composites from 68.7% to 73.54%.
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Abatyough, Michael Terungwa, Victor Olatunji Ajibola, Edith Bolanle Agbaji und Zakka Israila Yashim. „Properties of Upgraded Bio-oil from Pyrolysis of Waste Corn Cobs“. Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, Nr. 2 (26.05.2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i2.45348.
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Technologies for conversion of waste solid materials to liquid fuel and bio-crude oil have been researched widely for the production of renewable energy as substitute to fossil fuel oil. However, ash composition of biomass affects the pyrolysis process and the bio-crude oil product has unsatisfactory properties compared to conventional petroleum oil, such as, low heating value, high viscosity, corrosiveness, and the presence of oxygenated compound which causes bio oil ageing. This paper investigated the total waste materials; corn cobs and paper sludge obtained in municipal areas of Abuja, Nigeria, employed in pyrolysis of demineralized corn cobs and the upgrade of crude bio oil via thermal cracking using zeolite prepared from waste paper sludge, with expectation to improve bio oil properties. Demineralization of corn cob removed most of the ash content of biomass allowing for pyrolysis process. The prepared zeolite with mesoporous cage-like crystals analyzed using SEM was able to effectively catalyze thermal cracking of the crude bio oil and reduce the quantity of less desired high molecular weight oxygenated compounds. The bio oil chemical composition obtained from GC-MS analysis indicated the bio oil consisted of oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons such as aliphatic hydrocarbons (28.768%), alcohols (-0.001%), amines (10.472%), carboxylic acids (0.144), phenols (0.047%), and esters (60.57 %), which significantly influenced the bio oil properties. The physical and chemical properties of the corn cob bio oil was determined for density (0.852 ± 0.03), viscosity (1.66 ± 0.01), cloud point (-34.0 ± 0.02) and calorific value (30.9 ± 0.01). With the exception of Flash point (58 ± 0.01) and acid value (13.1 ± 0.03). In comparison, the produced bio oil had properties likened to petroleum fraction of conventional gasoline than diesel. In conclusion, pyrolysis of corn cob and upgrade of the crude bio oil using prepared zeolite was found as a promising process in improving bio oil quality. The pyrolysis study has potential in the management of environmental wastes to help resolve the challenge of solid waste disposal.
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Zore, Shivaji U., Sneha R. Pujari, Nitin S. Mali, Pratiksha B. Kokare und Yogesh Suryawanshi. „Case Study on Electricity Generation by Using Municipal Solid Waste“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 5 (31.05.2022): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42108.
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Abstract: Due to increase in population rate and change and the style of living its increases the rate of municipal solid waste hence its generation of municipal solid waste it creates biggest problem for human life, and its management is slightly impossible to disposal. Due to increasing buildings, factory is wanting more demand for electricity. Also, in our country facing many problems regarding electricity. Hence, we are the decided to study on generation of electricity from municipal solid waste. We adopted the bio chemical method for generation of electricity. Keywords: municipal solid waste, Bio gas Plant.
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Sun, Lei. „Application of Biological Contact Oxidation Process of Sewage Treatment in a Hospital Study“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (Januar 2015): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.123.
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Hospital sewage effluentwater quality similar to that of its integrated waste water, waste watercontent than the more complex chemical composition, the use of this treatmentis a biofilm of bio-contact oxidation process for the management of hospitalWaste water to run effective and save operating costs, facilitatethe management of operations, and achieved satisfactory economic benefits,social benefits and environmental benefits.
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Montoneri, Enzo, Vittorio Boffa, Piero Savarino, Daniele Perrone, Marzia Ghezzo, Corrado Montoneri und Raniero Mendichi. „Acid soluble bio-organic substances isolated from urban bio-waste. Chemical composition and properties of products“. Waste Management 31, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.029.
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A. V., Jadhav, Patil S. S. und Pathade G. R. „Isolation and Screening of Microorganisms from Municipal Solid Waste for Production of Amylase“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.038.
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One of the major problems of the present world is the management of municipal solid waste which in produced in enormous amount. For sustainable management of the solid waste, the use of microbial enzymes can be a better alternative over chemical conventional methods. Amylase is of great importance in textile, food and pharmaceutical industry. It can be used for biotransformation of wastes. The municipal solid waste can be used to isolate amylase producing bacteria that can help in bio-transformation of irritant municipal waste. Here, we have isolated two potent amylase producing strains from municipal solid waste, OW1 and OW2. These isolates were studied for their morphological, cultural and biochemical characters. The isolates were screened for the production of enzyme amylase. Optimization of growth of the isolates with respect to pH and temperature. The potential of the isolates for waste degradation was checked by weight loss method. The isolates were then tentatively identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.
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Anshakov, A. S., P. V. Domarov, A. I. Aliferov und V. A. Faleev. „INVESTIGATION OF PLASMA-OHMIC ELECTRIC FURNACES FOR GASIFYING CARBONACEOUSE WASTES“. Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, Nr. 2021.3 (11.09.2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ljwi2657.
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For the first time, the processes of reducing energy consumption of a plasma-ohmic electric furnace for the gasification of various carbon-containing wastes (municipal, biological, agricultural, and other organic wastes) were investigated. The effect of reducing the humidity, morphological composition of waste on energy consumption during plasma gasification of carbon-containing materials is shown. The possibility to exclude the process of preliminary drying from the production cycle of waste gasification has been revealed. In the modern world, one of the global trends in technology development is the continuous increase in the efficiency and environmental friendliness of carbon-containing waste management methods. The carbon-containing industrial waste includes: municipal (municipal solid waste (MSW)), agricultural (rice husk, etc.), industrial (wood waste, coal slimes, etc.) and biological (medical, biological sludge deposits (BIO) and etc.) Despite the different nature of this waste, they all consist of the same chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur, ash (a complex of inorganic elements and compounds), water (moisture), but contain elements and compounds dangerous for the environment (pathogens, heavy metals, etc.). Gasification of carbon-containing wastes is a complex physico-chemical process with a large number of effects, a complete scientific explanation of which is far from completion.
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Taneja, Akriti, Ruchi Sharma, Shreya Khetrapal, Avinash Sharma, Rupak Nagraik, Baskar Venkidasamy, Manju Nath Ghate, Shavkatjon Azizov, Somesh Sharma und Deepak Kumar. „Value Addition Employing Waste Bio-Materials in Environmental Remedies and Food Sector“. Metabolites 13, Nr. 5 (01.05.2023): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050624.
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Overall, combating food waste necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes education, infrastructure, and policy change. By working together to implement these strategies, we can help reduce the negative impacts of food waste and create a more sustainable and equitable food system. The sustained supply of nutrient-rich agrifood commodities is seriously threatened by inefficiencies caused by agricultural losses, which must be addressed. As per the statistical data given by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, nearly 33.33% of the food that is produced for utilization is wasted and frittered away on a global level, which can be estimated as a loss of 1.3 billion metric tons per annum, which includes 30% cereals, 20% dairy products 35% seafood and fish, 45% fruits and vegetables, and 20% of meat. This review summarizes the various types of waste originating from various segments of the food industry, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy, marine, and brewery, also focusing on their potential for developing commercially available value-added products such as bioplastics, bio-fertilizers, food additives, antioxidants, antibiotics, biochar, organic acids, and enzymes. The paramount highlights include food waste valorization, which is a sustainable yet profitable alternative to waste management, and harnessing Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technology to minimize food waste. Detail of sustainability and feasibility of food waste-derived metabolic chemical compounds, along with the market outlook and recycling of food wastes, have been elucidated in this review.
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Asafu-Adjaye, Osei A., Yusuf Celikbag, Jason Street, Maria S. Peresin, Maria L. Auad, Sushil Adhikari und Brian Via. „Elucidation of the effect of fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction on the physico-chemical properties of bio-oil from southern yellow pine biomass as a chemical feedstock“. BioResources 17, Nr. 2 (18.02.2022): 2176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2176-2192.
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Bio-oils obtained from southern yellow pine biomass from two thermochemical conversion processes, fast pyrolysis (FP) and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), were investigated. The effects of FP and HTL on the physical and chemical properties of the bio-oils were characterized. The HTL and FP bio-oil yields were 67 and 36 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that the physical properties of the HTL bio-oil and FP bio-oil were similar; however, there were variations in the composition of the bio-oils from the same biomass. The pH values of the FP and HTL bio-oils were 2.3 and 2.8, respectively. From the GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis, esterified chemical compounds were prevalent in the HTL bio-oil, while phenols and phenolic derivatives were found in both bio-oils. The 31P-NMR (phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis of the bio-oils further revealed that both FP and HTL bio-oils are rich in phenolic OH and aliphatic OH functionalities, which could serve as a potential bio-polyol.
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Gurikar, Chennappa, H. B. Vandana, B. P. Netravati, B. P. Chaitra Kumari, N. A. Nanje Gowda, K. N. Hanumantharaju und Lokesh A. C. „Microbial Fuel Cells: An Alternate Approach for Bioelectricity Generation and Waste Management“. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, Nr. 4 (27.11.2021): 1833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.74.
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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are the device that involves bacteria and organic matter, to generate electrical current via bacterial metabolism from a wide range of organic and inorganic substrates. MFCs are novel bioreactors, that convert chemical energy into electrochemical energy through bio-catalysis of various wastes (agriculture, food, households, food processing industries) using microorganisms. MFC is a promising approach that offers direct, clean, green energy generation, ease of waste recyclability, and by-product utilization of different sources. In recent, MFCs research advances related to electrode development and utilization of suitable different rural and urban wastes is a significant interest in the MFC application. Hence in a large-scale application, the MFC concept is one of the effective technologies for the management of different wastes and is simultaneously used for electricity generation to cater to the energy demand in rural or remote areas that are not linked to the electric grid. MFCs help reduce the global energy crisis and reduce the pressure on non-renewable energy resources.
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Sanad, Mohamed N., Mohamed Farouz und Mohamed M. ElFaham. „RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN NANO CELLULOSE AS A BIOMASS-BASED ADSORBENT FOR HEAVY METAL IONS REMOVAL: A REVIEW OF A SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT APPROACH“. Advanced Engineering Letters 2, Nr. 4 (2023): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/adeletters.2023.2.4.1.
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Rapid industrialization and unplanned urbanization have significantly increased environmental pollution. These human behaviors have resulted in massive waste discharges into the environment. As a result, organic and inorganic contaminants, including heavy metals, have accumulated in surface and groundwater. Heavy metals are highly carcinogenic and deadly. Heavy metal removal from drinking water has always been difficult. Conventional water treatment procedures could be more efficient, wasteful of energy, and generate massive amounts of harmful waste. In this initiative, researchers created a bio-based adsorption technology for removing heavy metal ions from polluted water. Nano celluloses (NCs) as biosorbents have sparked considerable attention due to their unique properties, such as the presence of several -OH groups on their surface, allowing the insertion of chemical moieties, a substantial specific surface area, strong mechanical properties, recyclability, and biodegradability. This review paper goes into great detail regarding the ways of producing Nano cellulose and its essential qualities. Many factors influence the use of NC- based adsorbents in water treatment systems, including synthesis pathways, functionalization of the surface, specific surface area, regeneration capacity, and reusability. Recent advances in bio-sorbent synthesis have prompted using bio-derived NC-based adsorbents in water treatment methods. This study also demonstrates that utilizing the potential for agricultural wastes, specifically sugarcane bagasse (SCB), as a precursor for Nano celluloses represents a sustainable approach, namely the conversion of low-value waste into a specific high-value product and its use in wastewater treatment.
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Sahota, Shivali, Subodh Kumar und Lidia Lombardi. „Biohythane, Biogas, and Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Recent Advancements, Technical Bottlenecks, and Prospects“. Energies 17, Nr. 3 (30.01.2024): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030666.
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Food waste (FW) is a significant global issue with a carbon footprint of 3.3 billion tonnes (Bt), primarily generated due to improper food supply chain management, storage issues, and transportation problems. Acidogenic processes like dark fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and a combination of DF-AD can produce renewable biofuels (Bio-CH4, Bio-H2) by valorising FW, aligning with the UN SDGs. FW is an ideal substrate for acidogenic processes due to its high moisture content, organic matter, and biodegradability. However, the choice of FW valorisation pathways depends on energy yield, conversion efficiency, and cost effectiveness. Acidogenic processes are not economically viable for industrial scale FW treatment due to reduced energy recovery from stand-alone processes. So, this study reviews comparative studies on biogas, biohydrogen, and biohythane production from FW via acidogenic processes, focusing on energy yield, energy recovery, and environmental and economic impact to provide a clear understanding of energy recovery and yield from all acidogenic processes. Additionally, this review also explores the recent advancements in digestate slurry management and the synergistic effects of AD and HTC processes. Lastly, a futuristic integrated bio-thermo-chemical process is proposed for maximum energy recovery, valuing food waste to energy vectors (Bio-H2, Bio-CH4, and hydro-char) along with digestate management and biofertilizer production.
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Christiany, Ari. „POTENSI TEKNIS - EKONOMIS DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEKSTIL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI ARANG AKTIF“. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 9, Nr. 2 (11.07.2019): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.2.229-240.
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Abstract.Growth Textile industry from year to year demands high creativity both design and color. The process production of textile industry especially dyeing can not separated from the use of clean water and high wastewater pollutant produced. With Zero Water Discharge principle, the industry is expected to reduce the amount of waste discharged into the environment. There are many water, and wastewater recycling technology processes. However, in Indonesia conventional wastewater processing is still widely encountered, limited to aerobic and anaerobic active sludge processes, chemical coagulation - flocculation processes, as well as activated carbon - filtration processes. This study examined the process of wastewater recycling in the management of bio-chemical waste and using activated carbon aplication for post treatment. This recycling process could improve process efficiency and saved production costs. Carbon active process decreased COD contamination up to 96%, with contact time 20 minutes. The study and research of potential wastewater recycling on conventional bio-chemical-carbon active processing expected to be an inspiration for industries, and the public to do waste water recycling.
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Taylor, Martin, Hassan Alabdrabalameer und Vasiliki Skoulou. „Choosing Physical, Physicochemical and Chemical Methods of Pre-Treating Lignocellulosic Wastes to Repurpose into Solid Fuels“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 13 (30.06.2019): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133604.
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Various methods of physical, chemical and combined physicochemical pre-treatments for lignocellulosic biomass waste valorisation to value-added feedstock/solid fuels for downstream processes in chemical industries have been reviewed. The relevant literature was scrutinized for lignocellulosic waste applicability in advanced thermochemical treatments for either energy or liquid fuels. By altering the overall naturally occurring bio-polymeric matrix of lignocellulosic biomass waste, individual components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be accessed for numerous downstream processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and catalytic upgrading to value-added products such as low carbon energy. Assessing the appropriate lignocellulosic pre-treatment technology is critical to suit the downstream process of both small- and large-scale operations. The cost to operate the process (temperature, pressure or energy constraints), the physical and chemical structure of the feedstock after pre-treatment (decomposition/degradation, removal of inorganic components or organic solubilization) or the ability to scale up the pre-treating process must be considered so that the true value in the use of bio-renewable waste can be revealed.
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Śliwka, Małgorzata, Alicja Uliasz-Bocheńczyk und Małgorzata Pawul. „An appraisal of the properties of bottom waste obtained from bio-mass congestion to estimate the ways of its environmental use“. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0024.
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Abstract The bottom waste obtained from bio-mass burning shows a huge variability of chemical and physical properties, depending on the kind of bio-mass, the type of a cauldron and burning parameters. The huge variability of the bottom ashes from the incineration plant and co-combustion of bio-mass makes it difficult to find any way to its management. In reality, only the bottom ashes from coal combustion and the small amount from lignite combustion are used, mainly in the building industry and in mining industry. The article presents the initial research, concerning the estimation of the properties of the bottom ashes obtained from bio-mass congestion in the fluidized-bed boiler to use them safely for the environment. To determine the influence of the tested waste on plants, a number of pot experiments have been conducted. The plants which have been used are recommended for phytotoxicity estimation, and are also used for biological reclamation.
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Turon, Xavier, Joachim Venus, Mehrdad Arshadi, Michalis Koutinas, Carol S. K. Lin und Apostolis Koutinas. „Food Waste and Byproduct Valorization through Bio-processing: Opportunities and Challenges“. BioResources 9, Nr. 4 (04.08.2014): 5774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.4.5774-5777.
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The bioeconomy era will rely on efficient fractionation of renewable resources via integrated biorefineries. The food supply chain waste, despite its inherent variability, could evolve into an important industrial feedstock on account of its availability, versatility, and sustainability, for the production of bio-based products. Waste streams generated from all stages of the life cycle of food products could be refined into different fractions, which will be either purified to high-value molecules or converted via green chemical and/or biotechnological routes for the production of bio-based products. A working group of the EUBis COST Action TD1203 is taking steps to gather a critical mass of knowledge and expertise to create innovation and technological breakthroughs.
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Riswanda, Muhammad. „STUDI KARAKTERISTIK PROSES PIROLISIS CEPAT RDF-5 BEBRBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH AREN DAN KOPI DENGAN PENGIKAT LIMBAH PLASTIK TERHADAP KUANTITAS BIO-OIL“. NOZEL Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin 4, Nr. 4 (14.03.2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/nozel.v4i4.72277.
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<p>Currently, the Indonesian people are faced with various problems in terms of waste management, both organic and inorganic waste. Some of the wastes that can be used are palm waste, coffee grounds and HDPE plastic waste which can be used as alternative fuels, one of which is through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of a material thermally in the absence of oxygen. This pyrolysis process converts RDF-5 biomass into a liquid smoke product in the form of bio-oil. This study aims to determine the quantity of pyrolysis oil through the best variation of the composition ratio used. In this study used composition ratio variables, namely 50%:30%:20%, 40%:40%:20%, and 30%:50%:20%. The results of this study obtained the best quantity from a mixture ratio of 50% palm waste, 30% coffee grounds and 20% HDPE plastic to produce 200 ml. The composition ratio affects the quantity of pyrolysis oil results. RDF-5 from palm waste and coffee grounds with HDPE plastic waste binder produces a quantity that tends to decrease as the composition ratio of palm waste waste decreases.</p>
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Pratelli, Antonio, Patrizia Cinelli, Maurizia Seggiani, Giovanna Strangis und Massimiliano Petri. „Agricultural Plastic Waste Management“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (31.12.2022): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.124.
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This article aims at describing both the studies and results implemented in the framework of the H2020-EU research project “RECOVER: New bio-recycling routes for food packaging and agricultural plastic waste” which deals with the sustainability of innovative biodegradation processes for plastic waste and production, in any environmental, social, economic and safety matters. In such a framework, the POLOG University Centre (Livorno, Italy), reconstructed and analyzed the actual farm plastic waste supply chain, as described in the following sections. The first section is introductive and it has been intended as a primer to the most common different types of plastic materials. The second section has deserved to be a state of the art on the most relevant issues raised in plastic waste management. The third section deals with suitable approaches to address the environmental side effects of rapidly growing plastics production, use, and disposal. Some of these approaches were listed, such as physical treatment of the polymeric components, plastic reduction use and employment as much as mechanical and/or chemical recycling and energy recovery. The fourth section shows how some of the above main issues, which raise coping with plastic reduction and recycling, are suited to be coped with from a logistics perspective. Such logistics belong to the basic needs due to tackling any plastic waste supply chain, i.e. collection and transport to intermediate stock and final delivery to recycling plants and/or brownfields, applying the set of methodologies and techniques drawn from the well-known field of pick-up-and-delivery models. These last tasks become crucial when the main effort has addressed the enforcement of any feasible changes from the use of items made in old high environmental intrusive to their replacement with new agricultural and biodegradable plastics. The paper goes to end presenting shortly of a few suitable solutions that could be proposed and applied to the entire plastic waste supply chain. Finally, some concrete aspects of each phase of the supply chain were discussed and it was highlighted how much each of these can be best used in addressing the problem known throughout the world as the problem of the emergency of old plastic waste.
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Pratelli, Antonio, Patrizia Cinelli, Maurizia Seggiani, Giovanna Strangis und Massimiliano Petri. „Agricultural Plastic Waste Management“. International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development 1 (07.11.2023): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232033.2023.1.20.
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This article aims at describing both the studies and results implemented in the framework of the H2020-EU research project “RECOVER: New bio-recycling routes for food packaging and agricultural plastic waste” which deals with the sustainability of innovative biodegradation processes for plastic waste and production, in any environmental, social, economic and safety matters. In such a framework, the POLOG University Centre (Livorno, Italy), reconstructed and analyzed the actual farm plastic waste supply chain, as described in the following sections. The first section is introductive and it has been intended as a primer to the most common different types of plastic materials. The second section has deserved to be a state of the art on the most relevant issues raised in plastic waste management. The third section deals with suitable approaches to address the environmental side effects of rapidly growing plastics production, use, and disposal. Some of these approaches were listed, such as physical treatment of the polymeric components, plastic reduction use and employment as much as mechanical and/or chemical recycling and energy recovery. The fourth section shows how some of the above main issues, which raise coping with plastic reduction and recycling, are suited to be coped with from a logistics perspective. Such logistics belong to the basic needs due to tackling any plastic waste supply chain, i.e. collection and transport to intermediate stock and final delivery to recycling plants and/or brownfields, applying the set of methodologies and techniques drawn from the well-known field of pick-up-anddelivery models. These last tasks become crucial when the main effort has addressed the enforcement of any feasible changes from the use of items made in old high environmental intrusive to their replacement with new agricultural and biodegradable plastics. The paper goes to end presenting shortly of a few suitable solutions that could be proposed and applied to the entire plastic waste supply chain. Finally, some concrete aspects of each phase of the supply chain were discussed and it was highlighted how much each of these can be best used in addressing the problem known throughout the world as the problem of the emergency of old plastic waste.
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Neupane, S. K., Ram K. Sharma und Shiva Shankar Karki. „Poultry Faeces Management by Bioconversion Technology with Modified GGC 2047 Model“. Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 1 (13.05.2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v1i0.14928.
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<p>In this report, entitled “Poultry Faeces Management by Bioconversion Technology with Modified GGC 2047 model” focuses on various parameters relating to physico-chemical characteristics of the substrate, fertilizing value of digested poultry waste and potential to create profitability from biogas energy, thus generated and balancing the environmental aspects using poultry waste digestion. Also, biogas may be the tool of energy generation in rural areas while sanitation (waste management) in urban areas of developing countries asNepal. Biogas production from chicken faeces could be obtained more effectively by feeding around 8.5 kg per day. It is concluded that digester could be run by around 2.5 quintal chicken faeces per month. Hence those people, who can manage this quantity of waste, can utilize bio-digester without poultry farm.</p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015</em>, pp. 107-117</p>
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BANERJEE, Mallicka, und Swapan PAUL. „Waste as A Medium for Agriculture- An Example of Sustainable Waste Management: A Case Study of Titagarh Municipal Dump Site, West Bengal“. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 10, Nr. 1 (05.03.2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1158999.
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Urbanization is considered as a core event which accelerate the generation and accumulation of waste materials in a large scale. This waste can be managed by different ways, garbage farming is most environment friendly among them. The aim of the current work is to uncover the present waste management system of Titagarh municipality, waste characterization and valuate this waste management system. Approximately 60–65-ton waste is being deposited in this dumping ground every day, which are the main source of bio-fertilizer of 70.08 acre of land. By using this organic manure, the chemical properties of the agricultural field are so good that three crops can be cultivated in a year. Therefore, the gross economic value of this landfill site, taking into account the financial value of garbage farming and other sources, is approximately 1600000 Indian rupees.
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Vriens, Bas, Benoît Plante, Nicolas Seigneur und Heather Jamieson. „Mine Waste Rock: Insights for Sustainable Hydrogeochemical Management“. Minerals 10, Nr. 9 (19.08.2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090728.
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Mismanagement of mine waste rock can mobilize acidity, metal (loid)s, and other contaminants, and thereby negatively affect downstream environments. Hence, strategic long-term planning is required to prevent and mitigate deleterious environmental impacts. Technical frameworks to support waste-rock management have existed for decades and typically combine static and kinetic testing, field-scale experiments, and sometimes reactive-transport models. Yet, the design and implementation of robust long-term solutions remains challenging to date, due to site-specificity in the generated waste rock and local weathering conditions, physicochemical heterogeneity in large-scale systems, and the intricate coupling between chemical kinetics and mass- and heat-transfer processes. This work reviews recent advances in our understanding of the hydrogeochemical behavior of mine waste rock, including improved laboratory testing procedures, innovative analytical techniques, multi-scale field investigations, and reactive-transport modeling. Remaining knowledge-gaps pertaining to the processes involved in mine waste weathering and their parameterization are identified. Practical and sustainable waste-rock management decisions can to a large extent be informed by evidence-based simplification of complex waste-rock systems and through targeted quantification of a limited number of physicochemical parameters. Future research on the key (bio)geochemical processes and transport dynamics in waste-rock piles is essential to further optimize management and minimize potential negative environmental impacts.
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Jansuwan, Kanokporn, Saysunee Jumrat, Teerasak Punvichai, Seppo Karrila, Tule Sirikitputtisak, Nitipong Songthongkaew und Yutthapong Pianroj. „Properties of bio-oil and bio-char from high-intensity microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste“. BioResources 18, Nr. 1 (05.01.2023): 1420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.1420-1435.
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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis was applied using four magnetrons to implement a high intensity at a power density of 0.3107 W/m3 with 800 g specimen size. The 23 full factorial experimental design manipulated the factors temperature, mixture ratio, and pyrolysis time, seeking to maximize %yield at minimum cost of crude bio-oil. The optimum according to model fit had a temperature of 611 °C with a 70:30 sample mixture ratio of oil palm shell (OPS) to activated carbon (AC), and time 39.6 min for a yield of 15.3% and 8.48 Thai-Baht/cc cost. The coefficients of determination were R2 = 93.99% and 94.00% for the respective models. In the aqueous phase of crude bio-oil, acetic acid was the dominant chemical component at 55.2%, whereas phenol was dominant in the bio-oil phase at 44.2%, from 400 °C pyrolysis temperature. The assessed properties of bio-char were proximate composition, heating value, specific surface, and pore volume, and these were improved compared to the raw OPS. However, these properties must be improved further to match commercial-grade activated carbon.
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Tomina, E. V., N. A. Khodosova, V. E. Manukovskaya und K. V. Zhuzhukin. „Effect of Physico-chemical Activation on Sorption Activity of Bio-coal from Pine Sawdust“. Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, Nr. 6 (20.06.2023): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-67-71.
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Pine sawdust, 0.5–1 mm in size, was made carbonized. The resulting biochar was activated. This activated KOH biochar was confirmed to be a better methylene blue dye sorbent than the original charcoal. The conclusion was made about the possibility of using the study results in the processing of timber industry waste into carbon sorbents for water treatment systems and ensuring environmental safety of production sites.
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Ajaweed, Aseel Najeeb, Fikrat M. Hassan und Nadhem H. Hyder. „Evaluation of Physio-Chemical Characteristics of Bio Fertilizer Produced from Organic Solid Waste Using Composting Bins“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 8 (15.04.2022): 4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084738.
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Background: The possibility of converting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste to mature compost using the composting bin method was studied. Nine distinct treatments were created by combining municipal solid waste (MSW) with animal waste (3:1, 2:1), poultry manure (3:1, 2:1), mixed waste (2:1:1), agricultural waste (dry leaves), biocont (Trichoderm hazarium), and humic acid. Weekly monitoring of temperature, pH, EC, organic matter (OM percent), and the C/N ratio was performed, and macronutrients (N, P, K) were measured. Trace elements, including heavy metals (Cd and Pb), were tested in the first and final weeks of maturity. Results: Temperatures in the first days of composting reached the thermophilic phase in MSW compost with animal and poultry manure between 55–60 °C, pH and EC (mS/cm) increased during the composting period in most composting bin treatments. Overall, organic matter (OM percent) and the C/N ratio decreased (10.27 to 18.9) as result of microbial activity during composting. Organic matter loss percent was less in treatments containing additives (biocont l humic acid) as well agricultural waste treatment. Composting bin treatments with animals and poultry showed higher K and P at the mature stage with an increase in micronutrients. Finally heavy metals were (2.25–4.20) mg/kg and (139–202) mg/kg for Cd and Pb respectively at maturation stage. Conclusion: Therefore, the results suggested that MSW could be composted in the compost bin method with animal and poultry manure. The physio-chemical parameters pH, Ec and C/N were within the acceptable standards. Heavy metals and micronutrients were under the limits of the USA standards. The significance of this study is that the compost bin may be used as a quick check to guarantee that the outputs of long-term public projects fulfill general sustainability requirements, increase ecosystem services, and mitigate the effect of municipal waste disposal on climate change particularly the hot climate regions.
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Khalib, Siti Noor Baya Binti, Z. Irnis Azura und T. I. Tengku Nuraiti. „Mini Review: Environmental Benefits of Composting Organic Solid Waste by Organic Additives“. Bulletin of Environmental Science and Sustainable Management (e-ISSN 2716-5353) 2, Nr. 1 (30.07.2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bessm.v2i1.40.
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Solid waste generation has become one of the major problems throughout the world. Increasingly generation of solid waste cause a problem in managing it. Organic solid waste is a major contribution of this increasing solid waste generated. The composting process is seen one of the best waste management options in managing the organic solid waste produce. Composting is the biological process that using microorganism, which turns the organic solid waste into a valuable product and turns the organic matters back to the soil under controlled conditions. Application of organic additives during composting can accelerate the process by using microorganism to break down the organic matter in organic waste. Environmental product of compost known as bio organic fertilizers could be produce to substitute with chemical fertilizers. The product of compost can be used in agriculture and also can increase soil stability and fertility.
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Rangaiah, G. P., und S. Lakshminarayanan. „Special issue: Chemical and Bio-Systems Engineering“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 1, Nr. 1-2 (Oktober 2006): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.1.
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Trovagunta, Ramakrishna, und Martin A. Hubbe. „Suberin as a bio-based flame-retardant?“ BioResources 18, Nr. 3 (02.05.2023): 4388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.4388-4391.
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Fire hazard is a constant risk in everyday life with the use of combustibles such as polymeric materials, wood, and fabrics, to name a few. Halogenated compounds have been widely used as efficient flame-retardants, often being applied as coatings or impregnations. With growing environmental concerns and regional bans on the use of halogenated flame-retardant compounds, bio-based alternatives are garnering significant research interest. Naturally occurring materials such as eggshells, DNA, and certain proteins have developed a self-defense mechanism against fire over millions of years of evolution. Cork, a naturally occurring biological tissue in outer bark, is of interest as it is often used as a heat shield and moisture repellent, specifically in spacecraft. A deeper look into the chemical structure of cork indicates the presence of suberin, a bio-polyester group that makes up as much as 40% of its chemical composition. These bio-polyester groups play a key role as a protective barrier between the plant and the surrounding external environment. Thus, the role of suberin in plants could be mimicked for the design of biobased flame-retardant materials.
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Gandhi, Mansi. „Design and Development of Food Waste Inspired Electrochemical Platform for Various Applications“. Electrochem 4, Nr. 3 (14.08.2023): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem4030026.
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Plants have a remarkable position among renewable materials because of their abundance, and nearly thousands of tons are consumed worldwide every day. Most unexploited plants and agricultural waste can be a real potential resource system. With increasing environmental awareness and the growing importance of friendly agricultural waste, crops and fruit waste can be used for efficient conversion into bio-fertilizers, biocarbons, bio-polymers, biosensors and bio-fibers. Global challenges based on limited natural resources and fossil energy reserves simulated keen interest in the development of various electrochemical systems inspired by food and plant scraps, which aid in curbing pollution. The successful adoption of a renewable energy roadmap is dependent on the availability of a cheaper means of storage. In order to cut down the cost of storage units, an improvement on energy storage devices having better stability, power, and energy density with low post-maintenance cost is the vital key. Although food and plant scraps have a huge need for energy storage, it has been extended to various sensing platform fabrications, which are eco-friendly and comparable to organic molecule-based sensors. Current research proclivity has witnessed a huge surge in the development of phyto-chemical-based sensors. The state-of-the-art progresses on the subsequent use of plant-waste systems as nano-engineered electrochemical platforms for numerous environmental science and renewable energy applications. Moreover, the relevant rationale behind the use of waste in a well-developed, sustainable future device is also presented in this review.
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Desta, Mulu Berhe, Dagmawi Girmay Tebeje und Hagos Mebrahtu Gebrehiwot. „Potential of Electricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment of Organic Brewery Effluent Using Inoculated H-Type Microbial Fuel Cell“. Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 13, Nr. 2 (16.03.2023): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i2260.
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MFCs are bio-electrochemical devices that are capable of transforming chemical energy stored in waste organic matter into direct electrical energy through catalytic activity of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. Bio-electrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), serve as greener alternatives to conventional fuel energy. In recent years, MFCs have drawn science community interest as a method for direct bioelectricity recovery from wastewater while simultaneously treating the wastewater. Moreover; they gain a competitive advantage over other water treatment technologies due to their unique features such as huge energy benefits, less environmental impact, good operating stability, and high economic efficiency. Reports reveal that MFCs are the subject of much interest to researchers, and the number of papers on MFCs in wastewater treatment is increasing. The ever-growing demand for green waste management and renewable sources of energy has enthused research efforts all over the world. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of process variables on the bio-electrical performance of H-type microbial fuel cells fueled with brewery wastewater and inoculated with distillery plant waste. From the experimental results, 1150mV maximum voltage output, 92.85%, 91.40%, 68.87%, and 70.10% removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TN and TP respectively were obtained at 35ºC, pH 7, and 5 days. These results confirmed that brewery wastewater effectively treated would generate a considerable amount of direct bio-electricity. Results also revealed that the MFC provides an alternative insight into an effective treatment of wastewater that can simultaneously generate a direct bio-electricity in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner.
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S., Krupa, Vandana C.D und Shradha P. „SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES THROUGHNANOMATERIALS AND NANOBIOREMEDIATION:A REVIEW“. International Journal of Advanced Research 11, Nr. 11 (30.11.2023): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17880.
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Environmental pollution resulting from the release of various pollutants into ecosystems is a growing concern worldwide. Traditional bioremediation methods have demonstrated effectiveness in detoxifying contaminated environments, yet their efficiency is often limited by the complex nature of pollutants and the dynamics of environmental matrices. In recent years, the convergence of nanotechnology and bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach to address these limitations. Researchers and scientists in various fields of environmental sciences, particularly in bioremediation, have paid close attention to nanomaterials because they possess distinctive physical and chemical features. The improvement in living standards brought about by science and technology also has an impact either directly or indirectly on the rise in toxic waste. Therefore, removing poisons from the environment with current technology does not adequately and efficiently clean it up. The use of nanomaterials for bioremediation would not only have a less negative impact on microorganisms but will increase the microbial activity of the specific waste and toxic material, lowering the overall time consumption and the overall cost. The objective of nanotechnology functional side is to improve material performance andreduce the quantity of materials needed to complete the cleanup process. Nano-bio remediation uses ex-situ or in-situ nanomaterials to treat contaminated materials. Therefore, using nanomaterials to remove environmental pollution could be an efficient, effective method that is sustainable. This review paper presents an overview of the recent advancements and future prospects of nano bioremediation, highlighting the potential of nanomaterials in enhancing the efficiency and specificity of bioremediation processes.
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Jeyaraj, Dhesinghraja, Mayandi Kalimuthu, Rajini Nagarajan, Prakash Chithamparam, Sikiru O. Ismail, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan und Kumar Krishnan. „Biowaste management: Comparison of banana (Musa acuminata) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fibers“. BioResources 19, Nr. 1 (05.01.2024): 1245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1245-1259.
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Both developed and developing countries around the world are increasingly utilizing biodegradable products and bio-based materials. This is required to curb rampant environmental pollution caused by synthetic materials and their by-products. In this study, banana and bamboo fibers were prepared from agricultural and industrial wastes, respectively. Banana and bamboo fibers were obtained with aid of mechanical and waste extractions, respectively. Both fibers were subjected to a retting process for 24 hours, using normal warm water at a room temperature (27 ± 3 °C) to remove the impurities. Then, a comparative investigation and analysis was conducted concerning their properties and applications. The biomass level, physical, and chemical properties, structure, experimental analysis, and moisture regain behaviors of the plant materials were studied. Additionally, the antibacterial property of the samples was discussed. The biomass level was measured per hectare for banana (36.1 tons) and per plant for bamboo (65%), and the physical and chemical properties were identified via some basic testing techniques. The molecular, crystalline, and morphology structures were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the industrial applications were elucidated to establish the possibility of using both fibers as promising sustainable, renewable, recyclable, and eco-friendly materials.
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Mannu, Alberto, Sebastiano Garroni, Jesus Ibanez Porras und Andrea Mele. „Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling“. Processes 8, Nr. 3 (22.03.2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030366.
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Recently, the interest in converting waste cooking oils (WCOs) to raw materials has grown exponentially. The driving force of such a trend is mainly represented by the increasing number of WCO applications, combined with the definition, in many countries, of new regulations on waste management. From an industrial perspective, the simple chemical composition of WCOs make them suitable as valuable chemical building blocks, in fuel, materials, and lubricant productions. The sustainability of such applications is sprightly related to proper recycling procedures. In this context, the development of new recycling processes, as well as the optimization of the existing ones, represents a priority for applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and material science. With the aim of providing useful updates to the scientific community involved in vegetable oil processing, the current available technologies for WCO recycling are herein reported, described, and discussed. In detail, two main types of WCO treatments will be considered: chemical transformations, to exploit the chemical functional groups present in the waste for the synthesis of added value products, and physical treatments as extraction, filtration, and distillation procedures. The first part, regarding chemical synthesis, will be connected mostly to the production of fuels. The second part, concerning physical treatments, will focus on bio-lubricant production. Moreover, during the description of filtering procedures, a special focus will be given to the development and applicability of new materials and technologies for WCO treatments.
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Li, Ning, Zixiang Gao, Weiming Yi, Zhihe Li, Lihong Wang, Peng Fu, Yongjun Li und Xueyuan Bai. „Fast pyrolysis of birch wood in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor with recycled non-condensable gases“. BioResources 14, Nr. 4 (22.08.2019): 8114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8114-8134.
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A fluidized bed reactor pyrolysis process with recycled non-condensable gases was designed for a capacity of 5 kg/h based on previous basic studies of key parts. The main components of the pyrolysis process were introduced, and the performance was appraised. Initial experiments were conducted between 450 °C and 550 °C to characterize the bio-oil at different temperatures, using non-condensable gas as fluidizing medium. Simultaneously, the contents and higher heating value of non-condensable gases were determined. The results showed that the excellent efficiency of cooling and of capturing the organic compounds, contributing to a high yield of bio-oil and clean non-condensable gases. At 500 °C, the highest yield of bio-oil reached 55.6 wt%, and the yields of bio-char and gas were 23.4 wt% and 21 wt%, respectively. Non-condensable gas not only carried the organic compounds, but also participated in fast pyrolysis. However, temperature was the major factor affecting the chemical components of bio-oil. The heavy bio-oil mainly included long chain macromolecules and phenols. Higher temperature favored degradation and gas purification.
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Chenga, Shuiming, und Shengdong Zhu. „Use of lignocellulosic materials for a sustainable chemical industry“. BioResources 3, Nr. 3 (2008): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.3.666-667.
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Traditional chemical industry depends on non-renewable fossil resources and is now facing great challenges. Lignocellulosic materials are the most abundant renewable resources in the world, and their efficient utilization provides a practical route to maintain sustainable development of chemical industry. Modern chemical technology as well as industrial biotechnology will play an important role in comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic materials in an environmentally friendly way. Bio-refinery is a useful concept in use when considering lignocellulosic materials for a sustainable chemical industry.
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Hasan H. Ali und Hussein M. Flayeh. „ROTARY IN-VESSEL BIO-CONVERTING OF AGRICULTURE WASES INTO COMPOST“. IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, Nr. 5 (29.10.2023): 1433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1843.
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This study was aimed to convert agricultural waste to organic fertilizer and find the best combinations from agricultural waste, that were used in the research, Composting has always shown to be a reliable and ecologically beneficial technique for removing large amounts of bio-waste. Bio-waste is produced in a variety of sorts (forest residue, farms, agricultural, food industry, and municipal garbage) and is expanding on a daily basis, offering a management and disposal challenge. Millions of tons of cereal vegetable crops, industrial crops, dates and fruits, are produces in Iraq, there are about 20 million tons per year of agriculture waste materials in Iraq, according to estimates, and only a small part of it is used. Composting is an alternate method of material recovery that has no negative consequences. The composting was performed for study with agricultural waste from tree leaves, twigs, date palm, rise husk as a carbon source and manure (sheep, horses, poultry), and vegetable and fruit market waste as a nitrogen source to determine the appropriate mixing, proportion, and combination, as well as the influence of sludge on mixtures. Six distinct experiments were conducted to investigate the alterations in physic-chemical and biological changes during composting utilizing the rotary drum method. Consequently, the compost generated by all experiments had a pH of 6.95–8.00, electrical conductivity of 1.42–2.03 dS.cm⁻¹, a drop in the percentage of overall organic carbon of 16.4–13 percent, a percentage rise in total nitrogen of 0.86–0.19 percent, and a C:N ratio of 8.8–13.7. In this research, the optimal proportions from the various combinations attempted were discovered in drum (B2).
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Kumar, Ritesh, Kambiz Sadeghi, Jaeyoung Jang und Jongchul Seo. „Mechanical, chemical, and bio-recycling of biodegradable plastics: A review“. Science of The Total Environment 882 (Juli 2023): 163446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163446.
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Smorawska, Joanna, Marcin Włoch und Ewa Głowińska. „Structure–Property Relationship and Multiple Processing Studies of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers“. Materials 16, Nr. 18 (17.09.2023): 6246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186246.
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Currently, the growing demand for polymeric materials has led to an increased need to develop effective recycling methods. This study focuses on the multiple processing of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs) as a sustainable approach for polymeric waste management through mechanical recycling. The main objective is to investigate the influence of two reprocessing cycles on selected properties of bio-TPUs. Two series of bio-based TPUs were synthesized via a solvent-free two-step method with the use of hexamethylene diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate/partially bio-based diisocyanate mixtures, bio-based poly(triamethylene ether) glycol, and bio-based 1,3 propanediol. Both the raw bio-TPUs and those subjected to two reprocessing cycles were examined with respect to their chemical, physical, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties. The conducted research revealed that reprocessing led to changes in the phase separation between the hard and soft segments, thereby affecting the bio-TPUs’ properties. Both series of materials showed similar chemical structures regardless of reprocessing (slight changes were observed in the range of carbonyl peak). The thermal properties of TPUs exhibited slight differences after each reprocessing cycle, but generally, the non-processed and reprocessed bio-TPUs were thermally stable up to about 300 °C. However, significant differences were observed in their mechanical properties. The tensile strength increased to 34% for the twice-reprocessed bio-TPUs, while the elongation at break increased by ca. 200%. On the other hand, the processing cycles resulted in a decrease in the hardness of both bio-TPU series (ca. 3–4 °ShA). As a result, the prepared bio-TPUs exhibited characteristics that were closer to those of the sustainable materials model, promoting the circular economy of plastics, with environmental benefits arising from their recyclability and their high content of bio-based monomers (78.4–78.8 wt.%).
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Tan, Jiunn Luh, Kok Yu Ang, Min Hui Chow, Eunice Ting Yee Lee, Kuan Hoong Lee, Li Yen Lee, Soo Wei Ooi, Wei Chuen Soh und Raveenderan Sithambaran. „A Preliminary Study on Reducing the Dosage of Chemical Fertiliser by using Empty Fruit Bunch as Soil Amendment on the Growth of Choy Sum“. ASM Science Journal 13 (24.06.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2020.456.
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Palm oil production results in many valuable products, but it also generates agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunch (EFB). EFB composting usually produces nutrient-enriched bio-fertilisers and thus, able to help in reducing the chemical fertilisers applied. Most conventional vegetable farmers in Malaysia solely depend on chemical fertilisers in crop production. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilisers has led to various side effects. Thus, this study was to determine the effect on the growth of choy sum by reducing the dosage of chemical fertiliser with EFB compost as soil amendments. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of the choy sum were found to be not significantly different among all the treatments (T1 – T4) and positive control. This study found that T4 with 30% lesser chemical fertiliser applied showed no significant growth difference with the rest of the treatments indicating that EFB may have the ability to help in reducing chemical fertiliser usage in the growth of choy sum. Further study is recommended as this will help in better EFB waste management and lowering the cost of production for local vegetables.
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Kamperidou, Vasiliki, und Paschalina Terzopoulou. „Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste Materials“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 22 (19.11.2021): 12810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212810.
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Nowadays, the climate mitigation policies of EU promote the energy production based on renewable resources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) constitutes a biochemical process that can convert lignocellulosic materials into biogas, used for chemical products isolation or energy production, in the form of electricity, heat or fuels. Such practices are accompanied by several economic, environmental and climatic benefits. The method of AD is an effective method of utilization of several different low-value and negative-cost highly available materials of residual character, such as the lignocellulosic wastes coming from forest, agricultural or marine biomass utilization processes, in order to convert them into directly usable energy. Lignin depolymerization remains a great challenge for the establishment of a full scale process for AD of lignin waste. This review analyzes the method of anaerobic digestion (biomethanation), summarizes the technology and standards involved, the progress achieved so far on the depolymerization/pre-treatment methods of lignocellulosic bio-wastes and the respective residual byproducts coming from industrial processes, aiming to their conversion into energy and the current attempts concerning the utilization of the produced biogas. Substrates’ mechanical, physical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatments or a combination of those before biogas production enhance the hydrolysis stage efficiency and, therefore, biogas generation. AD systems are immensely expanding globally, especially in Europe, meeting the high demands of humans for clean energy.
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Izydorczyk, Grzegorz, Katarzyna Mikula, Dawid Skrzypczak, Krzystof Trzaska, Konstantinos Moustakas, Anna Witek-Krowiak und Katarzyna Chojnacka. „Agricultural and non-agricultural directions of bio-based sewage sludge valorization by chemical conditioning“. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, Nr. 35 (19.07.2021): 47725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15293-4.
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AbstractThis literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of waste sludge protein hydrolysates obtained by chemical sludge conditioning was reported. The discussed areas include acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, lime conditioning, polyelectrolyte dewatering and other supporting techniques such as ultrasounds, microwave or thermal methods. The legislative aspects related to the indication of the development method and admission to various applications based on specified criteria were discussed. Particular attention was devoted to the legally regulated content of toxic elements: cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium and microelements that may be toxic: copper and zinc. Various methods of extracting valuable proteins from sewage sludge have been proposed: chemical, physical and enzymatic. While developing the process concept, you need to consider extraction efficiency (time, temperature, humidity, pH), drainage efficiency of post-extraction residues and directions of their management. The final process optimization is crucial. Despite the development of assumptions for various technologies, excess sewage sludge remains a big problem for sewage treatment plants. The high costs of enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods and the need for a neutralizing agent in acid solubilization limit the rapid implementation of these processes in industrial practice. Graphical abstract
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Devi, Okram Bijaya, Anita Singh, L. Peace Raising, Tshering Lhamu Sherpa, Songthat William Haokip, Sanjay Hazarika und Anam Khan. „Fruit Peels as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for Sustainable Agriculture and Horticulture: A Review“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 9 (10.08.2023): 3403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92592.
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The annual increase in global population of 1.1% necessitates increased agricultural yields to provide a sustainable food supply, which necessitates the extensive use of chemical fertiliser and pesticide. This practise, however, causes a number of environmental and health issues, which ultimately drives the creation of safer organic fertilisers and bio-pesticides. Organic fertiliser comprises various antioxidants and carbonaceous matter, which are inexpensive and safe elements utilised for plant growth. While inorganic fertiliser is typically made entirely, such as sulphate of ammonia, they may also be processed from quarries. One must need to develop other sustainable alternative to meet the demand of world's expanding population, thereby meeting the SDGs of poverty eradication, zero hunger, and climate action.One possible technique is to use fruit peels as biofertilizers and bio pesticides. Fruit peels are often discarded in the garbage and taken to a solid waste dumping facility. Because of the breakdown of peel material at the disposal location, this generates an odour problem. Ergothis is critical for establishing the peel as a significant bio resource in worldwide organic agriculture development, reducing solid waste accumulation in the environment with its attendant public health threat, and documenting a long-term management technique. Fruit peels are high in nutrients such as potassium, calcium, iron, zinc,calcium, citrate content, and other minerals.
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Oyebanji, Joseph A., Anthony O. Onokwai und Imhade P. Okokpujie. „Characterization of Adansonia Digitata (Baobab Wood) Bio‑Oil and Biochar Produced Using a Fixed-Bed Tubular Reactor“. Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 33, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.330106.
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The investigation of the characterization of Adansonia digitata biomass from pyrolysis in a fixed-bed tubular carbon steel reactor at temperatures of 400℃ to 700℃. Firstly, proximate, ultimate, and heating value analyses of the raw biomass were obtained prior to experimental runs via the fast pyrolysis process; thereafter, the quality of the bio-oil and biochar yields for bioenergy and industrial applications was investigated using the following analyses: higher heating values (HHV), lower heating values (LHV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Optimum bio-oil (52.70 wt%) and bio-char (40 wt%) yields were obtained at temperatures of 500 and 400℃, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the yielded biooil revealed a higher percentage of oleic acid, phenol, methanol, and ketone among the fuel compositions, whereas the bio-oil chemical composition includes carbon (70.99%), hydrogen (13.40%), nitrogen (0.54%), oxygen (15.01%), and sulfur (0.06%), flash (81) and pour points (-7) for bio-oil with HHV (30.75 MJ/kg) and LHV (27). The results obtained demonstrated that the properties of products can serve as a waste management strategy, sorbent, soil enhancer, and biofuel industry application.
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Kravetz, Carolina, Carlos Leca, José Otávio Brito, Daniel Saloni und David C. Tilotta. „Characterization of selected pyrolysis products of diseased orange wood“. BioResources 15, Nr. 3 (29.07.2020): 7118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.7118-7126.
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Orange trees in Brazil are often burned as a means of eradication when they become infected with Huanglongbing disease. Rather than destroying them, which is a low-value proposition, one potential option is to utilize the biomass through pyrolysis. In this preliminary work, orange trees (Citrus sinensis) otherwise selected for purging, were sampled and pyrolyzed at 500 °C, and the charcoal and bio-oil were evaluated for potential value-added use. The results showed that the pyrolysis process resulted in 26.3% charcoal, 57.6% bio-oil, and 16.0% non-condensable gases. Qualitative analysis of the bio-oil by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry found 178 chemical compounds; however, only 25% of those compounds could be reliably identified. Potential applications of the compounds identified in the bio-oil were determined by examining the published literature, and it was found that at least 73% of them showed promise. Finally, initial studies on the immediate analysis of the pyrolysis charcoal showed that it potentially meets the standards set forth for Brazilian domestic use.
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Silvestri, Teresa, Paola Di Donato, Irene Bonadies, Annarita Poli, Mariaenrica Frigione, Marco Biondi und Laura Mayol. „Physico-Chemical Properties and Valorization of Biopolymers Derived from Food Processing Waste“. Molecules 28, Nr. 19 (30.09.2023): 6894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196894.
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The widespread use of synthetic plastics, as well as the waste produced at the end of their life cycle, poses serious environmental issues. In this context, bio-based plastics, i.e., natural polymers produced from renewable resources, represent a promising alternative to petroleum-based materials. One potential source of biopolymers is waste from the food industry, the use of which also provides a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to waste management. Thus, the aim of this work concerns the extraction of polysaccharide fractions from lemon, tomato and fennel waste. Characterizing the chemical–physical and thermodynamic properties of these polysaccharides is an essential step in evaluating their potential applications. Hence, the solubility of the extracted polysaccharides in different solvents, including water and organic solvents, was determined since it is an important parameter that determines their properties and applications. Also, acid-base titration was carried out, along with thermoanalytical tests through differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the electrospinning of waste polysaccharides was investigated to explore the feasibility of obtaining polysaccharide-based membranes. Indeed, electrospun fibers are a promising structure/system via which it is possible to apply waste polysaccharides in packaging or well-being applications. Thanks to processing feasibility, it is possible to electrospin waste polysaccharides by combining them with different materials to obtain porous 3D membranes made of nanosized fibers.
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Arifah, Zulia, Martomo Setyawan und Siti Jamilatun. „Effect of Temperature and Amount of Nickel Catalyst on Yield and Bio-Oil Composition in Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse“. Agroindustrial Technology Journal 7, Nr. 3 (04.12.2023): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/atj.v7i3.10744.
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The abundance of bagasse waste from sugar cane processing needs special attention apart from being used for direct combustion in boilers. Sugarcane bagasse waste can be further processed by pyrolysis so that it will produce bio-oil, bio-gas and char products which have the potential to be used as fuel or high-value chemicals. Pyrolysis of bagasse was carried out to study the effect of temperature and the ratio of the amount of Ni catalyst on the yield and composition of bio-oil in the form of oxygen to carbon (O/C) ratio, hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio, higher heating value (HHV), content of oxygenated compounds and range of aromatic compounds. Pyrolysis of bagasse is carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a heating rate of 10-12 ºC/minute to the desired temperature. Pyrolysis with and without a catalyst was carried out at a temperature range of 300-600 ºC with a variation of Ni catalyst weighing 2.5 grams and 5 grams. Liquid product analysis was tested using GCMS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy) to determine the compound content in the liquid product resulting from pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Bio-oil resulting from pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse contains several dominant compounds including alcohol, fatty acids, esters, carotenoids and levoglucosan. However, the yield of sugarcane bagasse bio-oil without catalyst was dominated by high levoglucosan, namely 70.52%. Meanwhile, the bio oil resulting from pyrolysis which varied with 2.5 grams and 5 grams of Ni catalyst was dominated by esters, namely 69.07% and 81.68% respectively. These compounds have different chemical properties and applications, and understanding the composition of bio-oil can help in deciding how to use it efficiently.
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Rosli, Noor Afizah, Wan Hafizi Wan Ishak, Siti Salwani Darwis, Ishak Ahmad und Mohammad Fauzul Azim Mohd Khairudin. „Bio-nanocomposites based on compatibilized poly(lactic acid) blend-reinforced agave cellulose nanocrystals“. BioResources 16, Nr. 3 (16.06.2021): 5538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5538-5555.
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Enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blend without deteriorating its other useful features was the goal of this work. The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Agave angustifolia fibers was carried out, and the properties of the bio-nanocomposites comprising these CNCs were evaluated, which included PLA, natural rubber (NR), and liquid NR (LNR). Transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful isolation of CNCs from agave fibers after several chemical treatment steps. The effects of different CNC loadings on the properties of the bio-nanocomposites were investigated using tensile tests, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, and water absorption tests. Bio-nanocomposites containing 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% CNC had the optimal tensile modulus and strength, respectively. Different levels of CNC did not noticeably affect the thermal stability of the bio-nanocomposites, although the thermogram curves increased slightly as CNC content increased. The addition of CNC at different loadings affects the crystallization rate of PLA blend. The water absorption capacity increased as CNC level increased, and 5 wt% CNC gave rise to the highest water absorption. The four-component bio-nanocomposites created in this study provided an alternative for producing new green materials with tunable physical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
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Liu, Yuling, Kebing Wang, Yuan Zhong und Xue Wang. „Co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila in a sub/super-critical water-ethanol system“. BioResources 15, Nr. 3 (27.05.2020): 5433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5433-5449.
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The co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila was used to produce the bio-oil with sub/super-critical water-ethanol as the reaction medium in a WHF-0.1 stainless steel autoclave. The effects of experimental conditions including reaction temperature, holding time, the ratio of S. lignite to S. psammophila, and addition of catalyst were investigated. NaOH is most beneficial to co-liquefaction of S. lignite and S. psammophila. The characteristics of bio-oil and solid residue under the best conditions were determined, and the chemical compositional analysis of bio-oil was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the solid residue after the liquefaction. The melting degree of S. lignite in co-liquefaction residue was deeper than that in L-residue, which showed there is a synergic effect between S. lignite and S. psammophila in co-liquefaction.
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Niero, Guilherme, Albertina X. R. Corrêa, Theodoro M. Wagner, Rogério Corrêa, Gizelle I. Almerindo, Clóvis A. Rodrigues und Claudemir M. Radetski. „Shrimp Exoskeleton and Mussel Shell Wastes As Adsorbent Material to Remove Reactive Turquoise Blue 15 (RTB15) and Reactive Red 120 (RR120) Dyes from Textile Wastewaters“. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, Nr. 3 (01.08.2020): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.213.
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Industrial environmental management includes reutilizing waste by transforming solid bio-waste into a valuable resource, e.g. a bioadsorbent. This study aimed to mitigate two environmental local problems: the disposal of fishing biowaste and the removal of dyes from textile wastewater. For this purpose, fishing industry waste (shrimp exoskeleton – SE and mussel shell-MS) was used as adsorbent material to remove dye from textile wastewaters. Adsorption efficiency was evaluated by general, kinetic and thermodynamic physico-chemical parameters in adsorption isotherms, using Reactive Turquoise Blue 15 (RTB15) and Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dyes as adsorbate models, as these dyes are commonly used in the local textile industry. The isothermal data from the batch experiments were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich (SIPS) equations, with the best fit shown by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of the dyes on the bioadsorbents was an endothermic yet spontaneous processes in the case of SE waste. Both bioadsorbents adsorbed both tested dyes, but the SE showed better results. Due to its abundant availability SE and MS biowaste can be employed as a low-cost alternative adsorbent for dye removal.