Thematische Bibliographien / Bio-Chemical Waste Management

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Bio-Chemical Waste Management“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Bio-Chemical Waste Management"

Wojnowska-Baryła, Irena, Dorota Kulikowska und Katarzyna Bernat. „Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 5 (09.03.2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052088.

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This article focuses on the end-of-life management of bio-based products by recycling, which reduces landfilling. Bio-plastics are very important materials, due to their widespread use in various fields. The advantage of these products is that they primarily use renewable materials. At its end-of-life, a bio-based product is disposed of and becomes post-consumer waste. Correctly designing waste management systems for bio-based products is important for both the environment and utilization of these wastes as resources in a circular economy. Bioplastics are suitable for reuse, mechanical recycling, organic recycling, and energy recovery. The volume of bio-based waste produced today can be recycled alongside conventional wastes. Furthermore, using biodegradable and compostable bio-based products strengthens industrial composting (organic recycling) as a waste management option. If bio-based products can no longer be reused or recycled, it is possible to use them to produce bio-energy. For future effective management of bio-based waste, it should be determined how these products are currently being managed. Methods for valorizing bio-based products should be developed. Technologies could be introduced in conjunction with existing composting and anaerobic digestion infrastructure as parts of biorefineries. One option worth considering would be separating bio-based products from plastic waste, to maintain the effectiveness of chemical recycling of plastic waste. Composting bio-based products with biowaste is another option for organic recycling. For this option to be viable, the conditions which allow safe compost to be produced need to be determined and compost should lose its waste status in order to promote bio-based organic recycling.

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Głowińska, Ewa, Olga Gotkiewicz und Paulina Kosmela. „Sustainable Strategy for Algae Biomass Waste Management via Development of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Composites“. Molecules 28, Nr. 1 (03.01.2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010436.

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This work concerns the waste management method of algae biomass wastes (ABW). For this purpose, we prepared bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (bio-TPU) composites. Algae biomass wastes are derived from algal oil extraction of Chlorella vulgaris and from biomass of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina. ABWs were used in the bio-TPUs composites as a filler in the quantity of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The bio-based composites were prepared via the in situ method. Polymer matrix was synthesized from a bio-based polyester polyol, diisocyanate mixture (composed of partially bio-based and synthetic diisocyanates), and bio-based 1,3 propanediol. In this study, the chemical structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of prepared composites were investigated. Based on the conducted research, it was determined that the type and the content of algae waste influence the properties of the bio-based polyurethane matrix. In general, the addition of algae biomass wastes led to obtain materials characterized by good mechanical properties and noticeable positive ecological impact by increasing the total amount of green components in prepared bio-TPU-based composites from 68.7% to 73.54%.

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Abatyough, Michael Terungwa, Victor Olatunji Ajibola, Edith Bolanle Agbaji und Zakka Israila Yashim. „Properties of Upgraded Bio-oil from Pyrolysis of Waste Corn Cobs“. Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, Nr. 2 (26.05.2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i2.45348.

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Technologies for conversion of waste solid materials to liquid fuel and bio-crude oil have been researched widely for the production of renewable energy as substitute to fossil fuel oil. However, ash composition of biomass affects the pyrolysis process and the bio-crude oil product has unsatisfactory properties compared to conventional petroleum oil, such as, low heating value, high viscosity, corrosiveness, and the presence of oxygenated compound which causes bio oil ageing. This paper investigated the total waste materials; corn cobs and paper sludge obtained in municipal areas of Abuja, Nigeria, employed in pyrolysis of demineralized corn cobs and the upgrade of crude bio oil via thermal cracking using zeolite prepared from waste paper sludge, with expectation to improve bio oil properties. Demineralization of corn cob removed most of the ash content of biomass allowing for pyrolysis process. The prepared zeolite with mesoporous cage-like crystals analyzed using SEM was able to effectively catalyze thermal cracking of the crude bio oil and reduce the quantity of less desired high molecular weight oxygenated compounds. The bio oil chemical composition obtained from GC-MS analysis indicated the bio oil consisted of oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons such as aliphatic hydrocarbons (28.768%), alcohols (-0.001%), amines (10.472%), carboxylic acids (0.144), phenols (0.047%), and esters (60.57 %), which significantly influenced the bio oil properties. The physical and chemical properties of the corn cob bio oil was determined for density (0.852 ± 0.03), viscosity (1.66 ± 0.01), cloud point (-34.0 ± 0.02) and calorific value (30.9 ± 0.01). With the exception of Flash point (58 ± 0.01) and acid value (13.1 ± 0.03). In comparison, the produced bio oil had properties likened to petroleum fraction of conventional gasoline than diesel. In conclusion, pyrolysis of corn cob and upgrade of the crude bio oil using prepared zeolite was found as a promising process in improving bio oil quality. The pyrolysis study has potential in the management of environmental wastes to help resolve the challenge of solid waste disposal.

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Zore, Shivaji U., Sneha R. Pujari, Nitin S. Mali, Pratiksha B. Kokare und Yogesh Suryawanshi. „Case Study on Electricity Generation by Using Municipal Solid Waste“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 5 (31.05.2022): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42108.

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Abstract: Due to increase in population rate and change and the style of living its increases the rate of municipal solid waste hence its generation of municipal solid waste it creates biggest problem for human life, and its management is slightly impossible to disposal. Due to increasing buildings, factory is wanting more demand for electricity. Also, in our country facing many problems regarding electricity. Hence, we are the decided to study on generation of electricity from municipal solid waste. We adopted the bio chemical method for generation of electricity. Keywords: municipal solid waste, Bio gas Plant.

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Sun, Lei. „Application of Biological Contact Oxidation Process of Sewage Treatment in a Hospital Study“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (Januar 2015): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.123.

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Hospital sewage effluentwater quality similar to that of its integrated waste water, waste watercontent than the more complex chemical composition, the use of this treatmentis a biofilm of bio-contact oxidation process for the management of hospitalWaste water to run effective and save operating costs, facilitatethe management of operations, and achieved satisfactory economic benefits,social benefits and environmental benefits.

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Montoneri, Enzo, Vittorio Boffa, Piero Savarino, Daniele Perrone, Marzia Ghezzo, Corrado Montoneri und Raniero Mendichi. „Acid soluble bio-organic substances isolated from urban bio-waste. Chemical composition and properties of products“. Waste Management 31, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.029.

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A. V., Jadhav, Patil S. S. und Pathade G. R. „Isolation and Screening of Microorganisms from Municipal Solid Waste for Production of Amylase“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.038.

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One of the major problems of the present world is the management of municipal solid waste which in produced in enormous amount. For sustainable management of the solid waste, the use of microbial enzymes can be a better alternative over chemical conventional methods. Amylase is of great importance in textile, food and pharmaceutical industry. It can be used for biotransformation of wastes. The municipal solid waste can be used to isolate amylase producing bacteria that can help in bio-transformation of irritant municipal waste. Here, we have isolated two potent amylase producing strains from municipal solid waste, OW1 and OW2. These isolates were studied for their morphological, cultural and biochemical characters. The isolates were screened for the production of enzyme amylase. Optimization of growth of the isolates with respect to pH and temperature. The potential of the isolates for waste degradation was checked by weight loss method. The isolates were then tentatively identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.

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Anshakov, A. S., P. V. Domarov, A. I. Aliferov und V. A. Faleev. „INVESTIGATION OF PLASMA-OHMIC ELECTRIC FURNACES FOR GASIFYING CARBONACEOUSE WASTES“. Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, Nr. 2021.3 (11.09.2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ljwi2657.

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For the first time, the processes of reducing energy consumption of a plasma-ohmic electric furnace for the gasification of various carbon-containing wastes (municipal, biological, agricultural, and other organic wastes) were investigated. The effect of reducing the humidity, morphological composition of waste on energy consumption during plasma gasification of carbon-containing materials is shown. The possibility to exclude the process of preliminary drying from the production cycle of waste gasification has been revealed. In the modern world, one of the global trends in technology development is the continuous increase in the efficiency and environmental friendliness of carbon-containing waste management methods. The carbon-containing industrial waste includes: municipal (municipal solid waste (MSW)), agricultural (rice husk, etc.), industrial (wood waste, coal slimes, etc.) and biological (medical, biological sludge deposits (BIO) and etc.) Despite the different nature of this waste, they all consist of the same chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur, ash (a complex of inorganic elements and compounds), water (moisture), but contain elements and compounds dangerous for the environment (pathogens, heavy metals, etc.). Gasification of carbon-containing wastes is a complex physico-chemical process with a large number of effects, a complete scientific explanation of which is far from completion.

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Taneja, Akriti, Ruchi Sharma, Shreya Khetrapal, Avinash Sharma, Rupak Nagraik, Baskar Venkidasamy, Manju Nath Ghate, Shavkatjon Azizov, Somesh Sharma und Deepak Kumar. „Value Addition Employing Waste Bio-Materials in Environmental Remedies and Food Sector“. Metabolites 13, Nr. 5 (01.05.2023): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050624.

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Overall, combating food waste necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes education, infrastructure, and policy change. By working together to implement these strategies, we can help reduce the negative impacts of food waste and create a more sustainable and equitable food system. The sustained supply of nutrient-rich agrifood commodities is seriously threatened by inefficiencies caused by agricultural losses, which must be addressed. As per the statistical data given by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, nearly 33.33% of the food that is produced for utilization is wasted and frittered away on a global level, which can be estimated as a loss of 1.3 billion metric tons per annum, which includes 30% cereals, 20% dairy products 35% seafood and fish, 45% fruits and vegetables, and 20% of meat. This review summarizes the various types of waste originating from various segments of the food industry, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy, marine, and brewery, also focusing on their potential for developing commercially available value-added products such as bioplastics, bio-fertilizers, food additives, antioxidants, antibiotics, biochar, organic acids, and enzymes. The paramount highlights include food waste valorization, which is a sustainable yet profitable alternative to waste management, and harnessing Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technology to minimize food waste. Detail of sustainability and feasibility of food waste-derived metabolic chemical compounds, along with the market outlook and recycling of food wastes, have been elucidated in this review.

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Asafu-Adjaye, Osei A., Yusuf Celikbag, Jason Street, Maria S. Peresin, Maria L. Auad, Sushil Adhikari und Brian Via. „Elucidation of the effect of fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction on the physico-chemical properties of bio-oil from southern yellow pine biomass as a chemical feedstock“. BioResources 17, Nr. 2 (18.02.2022): 2176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2176-2192.

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Bio-oils obtained from southern yellow pine biomass from two thermochemical conversion processes, fast pyrolysis (FP) and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), were investigated. The effects of FP and HTL on the physical and chemical properties of the bio-oils were characterized. The HTL and FP bio-oil yields were 67 and 36 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that the physical properties of the HTL bio-oil and FP bio-oil were similar; however, there were variations in the composition of the bio-oils from the same biomass. The pH values of the FP and HTL bio-oils were 2.3 and 2.8, respectively. From the GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis, esterified chemical compounds were prevalent in the HTL bio-oil, while phenols and phenolic derivatives were found in both bio-oils. The 31P-NMR (phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis of the bio-oils further revealed that both FP and HTL bio-oils are rich in phenolic OH and aliphatic OH functionalities, which could serve as a potential bio-polyol.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Bio-Chemical Waste Management"

Munganga, Gracia. „Integrating bio-based resource recovery and treatment into municipal solid waste management in developing countries: a focus on anaerobic digestion“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16970.

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Many authors, along with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), argue that biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting would be suitable in developing cities due the highly organic nature of their waste. AD entails the degradation of organic substances in the absence of oxygen, and its main products are CH 4-rich biogas and the remaining sludge. AD occurs in four main phases (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis) and is a complex process, where microbiological, biochemical and physico-chemical phenomena are closely linked. Although composting the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) has been the preferred treatment method due to the low economic costs and operative ease, the production of biogas - a renewable energy source - has now positioned AD as the more energy efficient process as opposed to composting which requires energy inputs. A clear identification and understanding of the different organic waste streams available, their respective biogas potential, the engineering considerations and process limitations are needed to ensure good performance of AD plants. Location-specific data on the behaviour of different organic wastes in AD are, however, scarce, particularly in Africa. This dissertation is an attempt to generate Africa-relevant engineering knowledge through laboratory scale experiments of AD of organic waste streams typically disposed off in landfills. The main objectives of this dissertation are to (i) investigate the suitability for treatment by AD of typical organic waste streams in MSW, and (ii) consider the interplay between the nature of the available wastes and the temporal evolution of various process parameters. Finally, this dissertation aims to make sound recommendations from the data generated, building a preliminary source of knowledge for waste management officials and independent entrepreneurs.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Bio-Chemical Waste Management"

Tiwari, Praveen Kumar, Surendra Kumar Pandey, Rohit Kushwaha, Sonam, Kapil Malviya, Markandeya, Sheo Prasad Shukla und Devendra Mohan. „A Critical Appraisal of Biomedical Waste Management in Uttar Pradesh“. In Advances in Chemical, Bio and Environmental Engineering, 619–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96554-9_42.

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Banerjee, Sayan, Shristi Gupta, Samran Banerjee und Amit Dutta. „Cost and Global Warming Optimization Through Landfill Reuse and Integrated Waste Management for Kolkata“. In Advances in Chemical, Bio and Environmental Engineering, 455–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96554-9_31.

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Teterin, Yu A. „Physico-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Bio-Sorbents and Mechanisms of Their Interaction with Radionuclides“. In Biotechnology for Waste Management and Site Restoration, 135–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1467-4_16.

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Agnihotri, Vasudha. „Advancement in Bioremediation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products“. In Waste Management, 1150–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch052.

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Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are regularly used by human being for their day to day life. These products contains various chemical compounds which are regularly added in our surface and ground water sources either through untreated or partially treated domestic and industrial wastes or through agricultural runoffs etc. These are present at the concentration of μg liter-1, and at such low concentration also these have shown harmful affect to living being. A lot of studies have been carried out for studying their effects on animal biodiversity, which can directly or indirectly affect human being also. So their removal from waste water is essential. Various technologies are being tested for removing these compounds from polluted water; bioremediation is also one of them. Present chapter will briefly give the description of various PPCPs present in waste water, their impact and removal technologies available for their removal with special emphasis on bio remediation.

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Ishigaki, Tomonori, Hiroyuki Ishimori, Hiroki Kitamura und Masato Yamada. „Engineering Measures for Isolation and Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Waste as Safe Final Sink“. In Hazardous Waste Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102872.

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The long-term safety management of hazardous substances is essential to the development of an environmentally sound resource circulation society. To achieve this, engineering measures to attenuate environmental risks in the isolation and sequestration of hazardous heavy metals are reviewed. From the standpoint of the isolation and sequestration of heavy metals from resource circulation, we assess the challenges in implementing immobilization technologies, constructing updated isolation structures, and controlling environmental conditions. It is also focused intensively on the (bio) chemical transformation behavior of heavy metals and its effect on the migration of the transformed materials in the environment. The contributions of solubilized and gasified metal components to emission into the environment are considered. The obtained results underscore the necessity of multiple barriers to retard and attenuate the migration of hazardous heavy metals. Innovative schemes for the isolation and sequestration of heavy metals will lead to higher levels of safety and environmentally sound resource circulation.

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Tye, Ching Thian. „Recent Advances in Waste Cooking Oil Management and Applications for Sustainable Environment“. In Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security, 635–51. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch033.

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This chapter discusses the management of waste cooking oil (WCO) in a sustainable manner in order to protect the environmental pollution. Increasing consumption of edible oils worldwide leads to generation of substantial amount of waste cooking oil (WCO). While WCO is not considered toxic, large amount of WCO can contribute to environment pollution if not being handled properly. The huge generation of WCO in the world creates problem of collection, treatment and disposal. Due to its chemical features, the recycling of WCO not only provides a renewable feedstock for producing biofuels and bio-based products, but also alleviates environmental pollution arising from its improper handling. This chapter also provides an overview of some recent approaches in WCO recycling and applications.

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Tye, Ching Thian. „Recent Advances in Waste Cooking Oil Management and Applications for Sustainable Environment“. In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 47–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch003.

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Goswami, Aakansha, und Manjul Mungali. „Green Chemistry and Its Role for Environmental Sustainability“. In Handbook of Research on Green Technologies for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Resources, 281–89. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8434-7.ch018.

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The development of synthetic chemical products has increased in the last few decades. Some synthetic chemicals are very vital (e.g., pharmaceutical products, fertilizers, textiles, etc.), and the dependency of humans on these chemicals has led to an increase in their production. Green chemistry covers the entire life cycle of a chemical product and aims to reduce hazardous substances from the design process, manufacturing, use, and final disposal. Green chemistry is also used for the removal of waste or harmful metals from water sources or for the treatment of wastewater. In this context, the elevated level of Arsenic concentrations in natural waters now becomes a global problem. It has a lethal effect on human health. The threshold concentration of Arsenic has been re-established at 0.01mg/L by WHO. The chapter focuses on green chemistry, and it describes the preparation of economic bio-sorbent for the removal of Arsenic using wood pulp and MGA-NCC bio-nanosorbent synthesis process.

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Cecilia Gortari, María, und Roque Alberto Hours. „Crustaceans Used in Biotechnology“. In Fisheries and Aquaculture, 463–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865627.003.0018.

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Exploitation of aquatic natural resources contributes to important economic and social services to the world’s population. According to the latest FAO statistics, aquaculture production reached 167.2 million tons in 2014, representing values of nearly USD285 billion. Particularly, crustacean production represents 9% of the total, representing almost 7 Mt, which generates a great amount of waste, mainly from the exoskeletons. The increasing tendency toward a responsible and sustainable production that combines economic development and the conservation of natural resources has generated changes regarding production management. Within this framework, the biotechnological use of waste not only provides an added value to materials that have been traditionally discarded but also can reduce the environmental contamination resulting from their chemical processing. Thus, there is an opportunity for the preparation of substances with high aggregate value, such as chitin and its derivatives (chitosan, chito-oligosaccharides, and glucosamine), proteins, lipids, and carotenoid pigments. Byproducts resulting from the processing of crustaceans have potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, biomedical, and agricultural industries as well as in bio- and nanotechnology. In addition, the biomimetic of the structures, functions, and properties of the exoskeletons of crustaceans and the processes involved in their formation constitute the basis for the development of diverse structures, such as laminates or buildings, the creation of new materials that are potentially useful in diverse areas, and the adoption of novel modes of technologies.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Bio-Chemical Waste Management"

Vigano`, Federico, Stefano Consonni, Marco Ragazzi und Elena Cristina Rada. „A Model for Mass and Energy Balances of Bio-Drying“. In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5457.

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The viability of Mechanical Biological Treatments (MBT) is a widely discussed topic regarding Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the world. Bio-drying is a MBT process that shows its best performances when the waste has a high moisture content. The purpose of bio-drying is the exploitation of the exothermic bacterial reactions for the evaporation of the highest part of the moisture in the waste with the lowest conversion of organic matter. As side effects the waste stream increases its calorific value and its composition is partially stabilized. This paper presents a simple model based on bio-drying mass and energy balances. The model takes into account the heat release from biochemical oxidation of the volatile matter, the evaporation of moisture, the heating of process air and the thermal losses, as well as changes in the chemical composition of the volatile matter that remains in the waste. Some very simple rules are identified to allow a rapid evaluation of the process performances.

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Panchal, Yashesh, Nihal Mounir, Mehdi Loloi, Ibrahim Mohamed, Omar Abou-Sayed und Ahmed Abou-Sayed. „Application of Slurry Injection Technology in Biowaste Management - A New Discipline in Managing Bio-Waste in Economic and Environmentally Friendly Manner“. In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200836-ms.

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Abstract Carbon offset describes the environmental benefit from an initiative that avoids, reduces or removes greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identified Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) as major constituent of the GHGs. Wastewater Treatment Facilities (WWTFs) among several other sectors is a neglected source for GHG emission. Considering the risk of rise in GHGs, United States along with other countries signed the Paris Agreement to respond to the global climate change threat in 2016. It is assessing projects to cut GHGs in exchange for emission credits that can be used to comply with goals they set under the United Nations pact. In order to curb the GHG emission by WWTFs, an innovative approach "Bioslurry Injection" (BSI) can be implemented to reduce the emission of the GHGs produced during the course of biological and chemical treatment of wastewater. The technology is inherited from the traditional drill cutting injection and Carbon sequestration technology implemented by the Oil and Gas industry since 1980's. The BSI operation has the ability to accept the feed from different treatment stages after the initial screening process to prepare the injection slurry and help in controlling the GHG emission at respective treatment stage along with managing the intake volume. The slurry can be prepared by mixing the treated biosolids with wastewater and injected into a pre-selected underground earth formation, where biosolids undergo anaerobic digestion and decompose into CO2 and CH4. An injection formation with sufficient capacity to accept the slurry is selected by conducting a detailed geomechanical and fracture simulation analyses. Along with the injection feasibility, the calculations of the amount of Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) sequestrated underground by implementing BSI technique is presented in this paper. The sequestration of decomposed GHGs is an environmentally friendly activity that has proved to be economically beneficial due to its ability to earn carbon offsets. According to the new carbon law in the state of California the amount of CO2e eliminated from the atmosphere can be traded to earn carbon credits. TIRE facility through its ability to sequester and thus eliminate emission of the GHGs from the atmosphere can gain up to $1.5M worth of carbon credits per year providing both environmental and economic benefit. Also, low capital and operating cost for the BSI facility due to its compact surface requirement is an additional advantage along with reduced risk of spillage hazard when BSI facility is incorporated within the WWTF boundaries.

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