Zeitschriftenartikel: „Bio-aggregate“

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Ferreira, Saulo Rocha, Rodolfo Giacomim Mendes de Andrade, Gabriele Melo de Andrade, Olga Maria Oliveira de Araújo, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Eduardo de Moraes Rego Fairbairn, Thiago Melo Grabois und Neven Ukrainczyk. „Bond Behavior of a Bio-Aggregate Embedded in Cement-Based Matrix“. Materials 15, Nr. 17 (05.09.2022): 6151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176151.

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This paper investigates the bond behavior between a bio-aggregate and a cement-based matrix. The experimental evaluation comprised physical, chemical, image, and mechanical characterization of the bio-aggregate. The image analyses about the bio-aggregate’s outer structure provided first insights to understand the particularities of this newly proposed bio-aggregate for use in cementitious materials. A mineral aggregate (granitic rock), largely used as coarse aggregate in the Brazilian civil construction industry, was used as reference. The bond behavior of both aggregates was evaluated via pull-out tests. The results indicated that both aggregates presented a similar linear elastic branch up to each respective peak loads. The peak load magnitude of the mineral aggregate indicated a better chemical adhesion when compared to the bio-aggregate’s. The post-peak behavior, however, indicated a smoother softening branch for the bio-aggregate, corroborated by the microscopy image analyses. Although further investigation is required, the macaúba crushed endocarp was found to be a thriving bio-material to be used as bio-aggregate.

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Zhu, Lixia, Mengmeng Cao, Chengchen Sang, Tingxuan Li, Yanjun Zhang, Yunxia Chang und Lili Li. „Trichoderma Bio-Fertilizer Decreased C Mineralization in Aggregates on the Southern North China Plain“. Agriculture 12, Nr. 7 (11.07.2022): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071001.

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Trichoderma bio-fertilizer is widely used to improve soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration, but the mechanism for increasing C accumulation remains unclear. In this study, effects of Trichoderma bio-fertilizer on the mineralization of aggregate-associated organic C were investigated in a field experiment with five treatments (bio-fertilizer substitute 0 (CF), 10% (BF10), 20% (BF20), 30% (BF30) and 50% (BF50) chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N)). Aggregate fractions collected by the dry sieving method were used to determine mineralization dynamics of aggregate-associated organic C. The microbial community across aggregate fractions was detected by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The results indicated that Trichoderma bio-fertilizer increased organic C stock across aggregate fractions and bulk soil compared with CF. Cumulative mineralization of aggregate-associated organic C increased with the increasing bio-fertilizer application rate. However, the proportion of organic mineralized C was lower in the BF20 treatment except for <0.053 mm aggregate. Moreover, the PLFAs and fungal PLFA/bacterial PLFA first increased and then decreased with increasing bio-fertilizer application rates. Compared with CF, the increases of bacteria PLFA in >2 mm aggregate were 79.7%, 130.0%, 141.0% and 148.5% in BF10, BF20, BF30 and BF50, respectively. Similarly, the PLFAs in 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25 and <0.053 mm aggregates showed a similar trend to that in >2 mm aggregate. Bio-fertilizer increased the value of fungi PLFA/bacteria PLFA but decreased G+ PLFA/G− PLFA, and BF20 shared the greatest changes. Therefore, appropriate Trichoderma bio-fertilizer application was beneficial to improving soil micro-environment and minimizing risks of soil degradation.

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Huang, Gang, Ariane Abou-Chakra, Sandrine Geoffroy und Joseph Absi. „A Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation on Thermal Conductivity of Bio-Based Construction Materials“. Construction Materials 2, Nr. 3 (04.07.2022): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater2030011.

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Amid increasing concern about carbon emissions and ENERGY consumption in the building industry, bio-based construction materials are one of the solutions, especially considering their excellent thermal insulation. This study aims to develop a multi-scale numerical model to analyze the effect of microstructure on the thermal conductivity of a bio-based construction material. To achieve this, the size, shape, orientation, porosity, and water saturation of the bio-aggregate were considered in this study. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the bio-based material increases significantly and nonlinearly with water saturation, in contrast to the parallel thermal conductivity of the transversely isotropic bio-aggregate, which increases linearly. The thermal conductivity of the bio-based material shows an anisotropy in different directions and it obtains a maximum at water saturation of 0.4. Analysis of inclusions with different shapes shows that the thermal conductivity in the compaction direction is almost independent of the shape, but not in the direction perpendicular to the compaction. The finite element results show that the heat flow tends to transfer along the bio-aggregate rather than across it. These findings help to better understand the effect of microstructure on thermal conductivity and then promote the application of bio-based concrete as an insulation material in buildings.

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Amantino, Guilherme Miguel, Nicole Pagan Hasparyk, Francieli Tiecher und Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. „Assessment of bio-aggregate concretes’ properties with rice residue“. Journal of Building Engineering 52 (Juli 2022): 104348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104348.

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da Silva, Bruno Tiago Angelo, und Suelly Helena de Araújo Barroso. „The Application of Soy Biodiesel in Bituminous Priming of Soil-Aggregate Layers of Low Traffic Volume Roads in the State of Ceara, Brazil“. Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (Februar 2014): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.115.

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This work investigates the potential of penetration, in terms of bituminous prime coat, of an asphalt mixture produced adding Soy Biodiesel [BIO] to the Asphalt Cement [AC] to be used in low traffic volume roads in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The main objective of this investigation was finding a less polluting alternative, by replacing kerosene, usually applied as diluent of AC in the traditional mixture CM-30. Therefore, a comparative study was made between the traditional binder [CM-30] and the proposed mixture [40% of Soy Biodiesel and 60% of AC 50/70], named as AC/BIO. Both tested binders were used in specimens made by the stabilization of a sandy soil, adding 50% and 60% of construction and demolition waste, resulting in two different soil-aggregate mixtures. The research considered some factors that influence the extent of penetration of the prime coat: moisture content of the base, type and volume of binder used and compaction energy. The characterization of the materials used in this research included tests such as the gradation of the aggregates, CBR and Resilient Modulus of the mixtures soil/aggregate, viscosity Saybolt-Furol and penetration of the binders (traditional and AC/BIO) in the samples of soil/aggregate. The results showed that the penetration potential of the AC/BIO mixture was similar to the CM-30 keeping the technical viability.

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Yew, M. K., M. C. Yew, J. H. Beh, L. H. Saw, Y. L. Lee, J. H. Lim und C Y T. „Fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete by incorporating lightweight bio-based aggregate“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 920, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012009.

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Abstract Concrete is widely used in the industry due to its effectiveness in terms of cost and strength. In this study, the introduction of bio-based aggregate as coarse aggregate in lightweight foam concrete will be investigated to find a better solution for fire incidents that are commonly happened. As such, lightweight foam concrete (LWFC) has been applied in many buildings especially in non-load bearing wall to enhance thermal conductivity, sound insulation and fire resistance. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of incorporating bio-based aggregate namely oil palm shell (OPS) into lightweight form concrete in terms of strength properties and fire resistance. Three different concrete mix was designed containing different percentage of OPS aggregate replacement (0, 5, 10 and 15%). From the result, the compressive strength of the LWFC-CTR mixture had achieved the highest compressive strength at 28-day, which is recorded at 3.82 MPa. The fire resistance of LWFC-OPS 15% had showed a positive outcome with improvement by almost 23.5% compared to control mix at 15 minutes. Therefore, the major finding of this research is the incorporation of eco-friendly OPS aggregate has improved the fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete, which can be used as an alternative solution for non-load bearing walls.

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Peng, Yuanyuan, He Zhang, Jinshan Lian, Wen Zhang, Guihua Li und Jianfeng Zhang. „Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer with Microbial Inoculum Improved Aggregate Formation and Salt Leaching in a Secondary Salinized Soil“. Plants 12, Nr. 16 (15.08.2023): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12162945.

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Greenhouse vegetable production provides significant quantities of vegetables throughout the year and improves farmers’ income. However, over-fertilization with mineral fertilizer causes soil secondary salinization and decreases the stability of the soil structure. To improve aggregate formation and decrease salt accumulation in the soil profile, bio-organic fertilizers (Protaetia brevitarsis larvae frass with Bacillus amyloliticus and/or Trichoderma harziensis) were applied to partially substitute mineral fertilizer in a salinized vegetable soil. Soil nutrient condition, aggregate stability, and salt movement in the soil profile were measured in a greenhouse double-cucumber system. The results showed that soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP) increased significantly under bio-organic fertilizer treatments compared with control. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and total salt content (TSC) decreased by 15.74–24.20% and 19.15–29.05%, respectively, with bio-organic fertilizers (p < 0.05). Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− content under double inoculation with B. amyloliticus and T. harziensis reduced by 31.19%, 26.30%, and 53.11%, respectively, compared to CK (p < 0.05). In addition, double inoculation was more efficient in reducing nitrate content in the soil profile than single inoculation. Soil microaggregates of 0.25–0.053 mm increased by 75.87–78.51% with bio-fertilizers compared with control, and double inoculation was the best for aggregate formation. In conclusion, the inoculation of plant-growth-promoting and salt-tolerant microorganisms with high humic acid larvae frass can alleviate salinization in vegetable soil, enhance soil nutrient content, and improve the soil structure.

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Khushnood, Rao Arsalan, Zarar Ali Qureshi, Nafeesa Shaheen und Sikandar Ali. „Bio-mineralized self-healing recycled aggregate concrete for sustainable infrastructure“. Science of The Total Environment 703 (Februar 2020): 135007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135007.

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Hariz, Samah, Fouad Ghomari und Brahim Touil. „Characterization of a bio-based concrete using virgin cork aggregate“. Journal of Building Materials and Structures 9, Nr. 2 (29.12.2022): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v9i2.2780.

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The field of construction, like other field besides, faces new challenges, particularly that relating to reduction of the environmental impact and the improvement of the thermal and energy performances. To this end, the work presented in this article concerns bio-based concrete which complies with the new regulatory provisions inherent in cementitious materials. This is a concrete where 25% of the mineral volume is replaced by the same plant volume (male cork) in the dry state and immersed for 2 hours in water while adding 10% of filler. A first experimental campaign was carried out in the laboratory in order to identify the rheological behavior of the composite in the fresh state and the mechanical behavior in the hardened state. The results showed that this material can be used in many civil engineering applications.

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Bellei, Poliana, Fernanda Magalhães, Manuel Pereira, Isabel Torres, Runar Solstad und Inês Flores-Colen. „Innovative Thermal Renders Incorporating Oyster Shells for Sustainable Insulation“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 22 (15.11.2023): 15952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215952.

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In accordance with current sustainable development objectives, it is intended to implement innovative and sustainable solutions at economic, environmental, and functional levels, boosting the construction sector to increasingly contribute to society. Expanded cork is an alternative to sand aggregate in improving the thermal insulating properties of renders. In addition, other materials can be incorporated as aggregates in an attempt to contribute to both the improvement of the physical characteristics that the render must fulfil as well as the improvement of thermal behaviour (if possible). In this sense, bio-based materials generated by the aquaculture sector, such as oyster shells, can contribute as a bio-based insulation material for thermal renders. In this study, thermal natural hydraulic lime mortars were produced from a mixture of expanded cork (EC) insulating aggregate and oyster shells (OSs). The percentages of replacing EC by OSs were 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The tests were carried out in fresh and hardened states. The studied mortars presented a thermal conductivity and compressive strength of 0.151 W/(m·K) and 0.63 MPa, respectively. The most interesting performance between thermal conductivity and compressive strength was for the composite with 50% of each bio-based material. The potential of incorporating oyster shells as a bio-based insulation material could contribute to a sustainable blue circular economy.

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Sassu, Mauro, Linda Giresini, Elisa Bonannini und Mario Puppio. „On the Use of Vibro-Compressed Units with Bio-Natural Aggregate“. Buildings 6, Nr. 3 (19.09.2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings6030040.

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Wu, Chun-Ran, Ya-Guang Zhu, Xiao-Tong Zhang und Shi-Cong Kou. „Improving the properties of recycled concrete aggregate with bio-deposition approach“. Cement and Concrete Composites 94 (November 2018): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.012.

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Tomson, Phillip L., Liam M. Grover, Philip J. Lumley, Alastair J. Sloan, Anthony J. Smith und Paul R. Cooper. „Dissolution of bio-active dentine matrix components by mineral trioxide aggregate“. Journal of Dentistry 35, Nr. 8 (August 2007): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2007.04.008.

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Andrade, Gabriele Melo de, Rodolfo Giacomim Mendes de Andrade, Olga Maria Oliveira de Araujo, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Túlio Caetano Guimaraes und Saulo Rocha Ferreira. „Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) endocarp as a coarse aggregate for bio-concretes“. Construction and Building Materials 451 (November 2024): 138667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138667.

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Anantharaman, Surendra B., Daniel Messmer, Amin Sadeghpour, Stefan Salentinig, Frank Nüesch und Jakob Heier. „Excitonic channels from bio-inspired templated supramolecular assembly of J-aggregate nanowires“. Nanoscale 11, Nr. 14 (2019): 6929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10357g.

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Brouard, Yoann, Naima Belayachi, Dashnor Hoxha, Stéphane Méo und Wajih Abdallah. „Hygrothermal Behavior of Clay - Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Rape Straw (Brassica napus) Plaster Bio-Composites for Building Insulation“. Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (März 2017): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.242.

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The aim of this experimental investigation is to study and compare hygrothermal properties of different materials based on vegetable aggregates and clay in order to prove the performance of the developed composite in the framework of BIOCOMP project. Crude earth is known to have very high capacities to regulate indoor humidity. Vegetable aggregate is characterized by high porosity leading also to very effective natural indoor climate regulators. Then, we expect the mix of these two material will to produce an insulation bio-composite with enhanced thermal and hygroscopic performance. Sunflower stem, rape straw and clay used in this investigation are considered as a very low carbon footprint because they are real local agricultural byproducts. Clay-sunflower and rape bio-composites seem to be appropriate and effective biobased insulating plasters, further investigations must be performed in order to characterize more accurately their interesting hygrothermal properties as long as the acoustical and mechanical aspects. Samples have been manufactured with four different vegetable aggregates (rape straw, sunflower bark, sunflower pith and a mix of sunflower pith and bark) at a same binder/aggregate ratio. The same clay soil is used as a binder for the four bio-composites. The thermal properties for the different bio-composites were obtained from the thermal conductivity measurements after various relative humidity, in order to evaluate the impact of the water content on the thermal parameters. For the hydraulic properties, the sorption-desorption isotherms for the four composites are obtained. The results show a significant effect of the different aggregates on the hygrothermal behavior of the bio-composite based on clay.

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Yilmaz, Erdem, und Mehmet Sönmez. „The role of organic/bio–fertilizer amendment on aggregate stability and organic carbon content in different aggregate scales“. Soil and Tillage Research 168 (Mai 2017): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.003.

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Liu, Mengdi, Jun Xia, Chee Seong Chin und Zuowei Liu. „Improving the properties of recycled aggregate pervious pavement blocks through bio-mineralization“. Construction and Building Materials 262 (November 2020): 120065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120065.

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Zhang, Chuyan, Yingyun Qiao und Qiang Song. „Practice of Improving Saline–Alkali Soil with Bio-Humic Acid“. Processes 12, Nr. 6 (18.06.2024): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061250.

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The improvement and exploitation of saline–alkali soil is a hot topic worldwide. Analysis of soil aggregate structure and water and of the salt transport law, a new technology that uses humic acid as a saline–alkali soil amendment has been proposed. These advancements may effectively improve the soil aggregate structure of saline–alkali soil at the source. In this study, biological pyrolysis liquid was modified to produce soil modifier for saline–alkali land, and this soil modifier was used in a rice planting experiment. The results show that the application of a bio-humic acid soil amendment in the amount of 3000 kg/ha and its combination with humic acid fertilizer produced rice yields as high as 9750 kg/ha. At the same time, the pH of the soil was reduced from 10.81 to 8.95 (with bio-humic acid soil amendment content of 3000 kg/ha), and the soil organic matter demonstrated a trend of increasing with an increased amount of bio-humic acid soil amendment. The content of calcium, magnesium, and trace elements in the soil were clearly increased with the use of the amended soil in comparison with the normal group. With this amendment, saline–alkali land could be transformed and planted in the same year, increasing the potential yearly income for the land. This may be efficient and environmentally friendly, encouraging the agricultural circular economy.

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Zúniga, Arlen, Rute Eires und Raphaele Malheiro. „New Lime-Based Hybrid Composite of Sugarcane Bagasse and Hemp as Aggregates“. Resources 12, Nr. 5 (27.04.2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12050055.

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Bio-based materials help reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, contributing to the development of sustainable construction. Industrial Hemp Concrete (IHC), which uses hemp stalk (HS) as an aggregate and a lime-based binder, is a bio-based material with various applications. This research developed a new hybrid composite in order to improve the mechanical strength and durability of hemp concrete, with the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as an aggregate, a resource of a renewable origin that is abundant in several countries. Different formulations were used, which were molded and pressed manually, evaluating their cohesion and compactness. The performance of the developed hybrid composite was measured considering mechanical, thermal, and durability properties. The compression test results showed an increase of 19–24% for composites with 75% hemp and 25% SCB. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance coefficients were also improved, reaching 0.098 (W/m °C) and 0.489 (m2 °C/W), respectively. This aggregate combination also showed the lowest water absorption coefficient (reducing by 35%) and the best performance in durability tests compared to IHC. The resistance to freeze–thaw is highlighted, increasing 400%. The main reason is the influence of the SCB addition because the short and thin fiber form helps to maintain the physical integrity of the composite by filling the spaces between the hemp aggregates.

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Stevulova, Nadezda, und Jozef Junak. „Green Building Materials Based on Waste Filler and Binder“. Civil and Environmental Engineering 17, Nr. 2 (01.12.2021): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0055.

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Abstract This study is aimed at the application of alternative binder (AB) into bio-aggregate-based composite. The technically important parameters (density, thermal conductivity, water absorption and compressive strength) of 28, 60 and 90 days hardened green composites containing chemically and physico-chemically modified hemp hurds (HH) with AB compared to the Portland cement (PC) are presented. Testing of two reference bio-composites with original HH confirmed higher values of compressive strength and thermal conductivity unlike water absorption for all hardened specimens based on alternative binder (MgO-cement) compared to conventional PC. Changes in the final properties of hardened bio-composites were affected by treatment process of organic filler and alkaline nature of MgO-cement. The combination of purified HH by ultrasound treatment and AB appears to be promising for preparation of bio-based composite material with better properties compared to PC. In this paper, other option of the preparation of bio-composite system based on original (non-treated) filler and binder consisting of optimal activated MgO and silica fume is presented.

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Almohareb, Rahaf A., Reem M. Barakat, Fahda N. Algahtani, Mshael Ahmed Almohaimel, Denah Alaraj und Norah Alotaibi. „Effect of bioceramic intracanal medication on the dentinal bond strength of bioceramic cements: an ex-vivo study“. PeerJ 12 (25.07.2024): e17826. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17826.

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Background The present study evaluated the effect of a bioceramic intracanal medicament (Bio-C Temp) on the push-out bond strength of bioceramic cements. Methods Forty-eight human single-canaled premolars were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: Group (A) received no intracanal medicament; Group (B) calcium hydroxide (CH); and Group (C) Bio-C Temp. After medicament removal, the roots were sectioned transversely. The slices in each group were separated into two subgroups (n = 16): in Subgroup (1), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was placed, and in Subgroup (2) Bio-C Repair. Push-out bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine, applying a constant compressive force on the cement until bond failure. The failure mode was also evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results The pushout bond strength of Bio-C Repair was significantly higher than that of MTA irrespective of intracanal medication (p = 0.005). The placement of Bio-C Temp was associated with significantly lower bond strength (p = 0.002, p = 0.001). Conclusion Bio-C Repair showed better bond strength compared to MTA, irrespective of intracanal medication. Bio-C Temp intracanal medicament, however, decreased the bond strength of both these cements.

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Collison, Robert, und Mark Grismer. „Upscaling the Zeolite-Anammox Process: Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Filtrate“. Water 10, Nr. 11 (01.11.2018): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111553.

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State regulatory and other agencies identified that nitrogen loading from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging around its periphery has adversely affected the San Francisco Bay (SFB) water quality. Here we consider the upscaling of the zeolite-anammox process treatment to nitrogen removal from relatively high-ammonia content (~500 NH3-N mg/L) anaerobic-digester (AD) filtrate to facilitate reductions in WWTP nitrogen discharge. First, by operating a 210 L barrel reactor as a trickling filter with a 10% by volume initial bio-zeolite seeding fraction, we found that 6–8 weeks elapsed before the anammox activity became apparent. Moreover, the 10-mm zeolite aggregate reactor achieved an 89% ammonia-N removal compared to the 85% achieved by the 20-mm aggregate. We then evaluated the performance of the trickling-filter design in a 68 m3 Baker tank nearly filled with 20-mm zeolite aggregate seeded with bio-zeolite at about 1.5% by volume. At an average inflow of 42 m3/day, about one year elapsed before achieving adequate anammox activity and acceptable treatment. Unfortunately, inadequate suspended solids pre-treatment of the AD filtrate resulted in clogging problems in the Baker tank reactor, so we evaluated aerobic-anaerobic cycling within the tank and then operated it (anaerobically) as a nitrate-scavenging tank. In the final anaerobic operational stage, nitrate effluent concentrations were <1 mg/L, perhaps due to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium by the anammox process, but ammonia removal fractions were only about 47%.

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Djuraeva, Nigora. „COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE DRUG “BIO-DENT” IN BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF TREATMENT OF PULPITES BY THE METHOD OF INDIRECT COATING“. UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-1-9.

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The article presents the results of using a material based on the mineral trioxide unit “Bio-Dent”for the indirect coating of the pulp. It was found that there were no complaints from the use of domestic Portland cement both in the near term (98.8%) and inthe long term after treatment in comparison with materials based on calcium hydroxide (72.5%). Stabilization of the pulp electroexcitability indicators at the level of 10 mkA was noted with the use of the material based on MTA “Bio-Dent”as a medical liner for indirect pulp covering.Keywords: dental pulp,indirect pulp coating, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, pulp electroexcitability.

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Djuraeva, Nigora. „COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE DRUG “BIO-DENT” IN BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF TREATMENT OF PULPITES BY THE METHOD OF INDIRECT COATING“. UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-1-9.

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The article presents the results of using a material based on the mineral trioxide unit “Bio-Dent”for the indirect coating of the pulp. It was found that there were no complaints from the use of domestic Portland cement both in the near term (98.8%) and inthe long term after treatment in comparison with materials based on calcium hydroxide (72.5%). Stabilization of the pulp electroexcitability indicators at the level of 10 mkA was noted with the use of the material based on MTA “Bio-Dent”as a medical liner for indirect pulp covering.Keywords: dental pulp,indirect pulp coating, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, pulp electroexcitability.

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Liu, Ziyi, und Stephen R. Smith. „Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA) Preparation from Waste Activated Sludge“. Microorganisms 11, Nr. 8 (27.07.2023): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081902.

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Enzymes are used extensively as industrial bio-catalysts in various manufacturing and processing sectors. However, commercial enzymes are expensive in part due to the high cost of the nutrient medium for the biomass culture. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. Recovering enzymes from AS therefore offers a potential alternative to conventional production techniques. A carrier-free, cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) was produced from crude AS enzyme extract for the first time. A major advantage of the CLEA is the combined immobilization, purification, and stabilization of the crude enzymes into a single step, thereby avoiding large amounts of inert carriers in the final enzyme product. The AS CLEA contained a variety of hydrolytic enzymes and demonstrated high potential for the bio-conversion of complex organic substrates.

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Mistri, Abhijit, Navdeep Dhami, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Sudhirkumar V. Barai, Abhijit Mukherjee und Wahidul K. Biswas. „Environmental implications of the use of bio-cement treated recycled aggregate in concrete“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 167 (April 2021): 105436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105436.

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Ghorbel, Elhem, Mariem Limaiem und George Wardeh. „Mechanical Performance of Bio-Based FRP-Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression“. Materials 14, Nr. 7 (03.04.2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071778.

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This research investigates the effectiveness of bio-sourced flax fiber-reinforced polymer in comparison with a traditional system based on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer in order to confine recycled aggregate concretes. The experimental investigation was conducted on two series of concrete including three mixtures with 30%, 50%, and 100% of recycled aggregates and a reference concrete made with natural aggregates. The concrete mixtures were intended for a frost environment where an air-entraining agent was added to the mixture of the second series to achieve 4% air content. The first part of the present work is experimental and aimed to characterize the compressive performance of confined materials. The results indicated that bio-sourced composites are efficient in strengthening recycled aggregates concrete, especially the air-entrained one. It was also found that the compressive strength and the strain enhancement obtained from FRP confinement are little affected by the replacement ratio. The second part was dedicated to the analytical modeling of mechanical properties and stress–strain curves under compression. With the most adequate ultimate strength and strain prediction relationships, the full behavior of FRP-confined concrete can be predicted using the model developed by Ghorbel et al. to account for the presence of recycled aggregates in concrete mixtures.

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Lee, Won Jin, und Byung-Keun Oh. „Effective Elimination of Cu(II) in Marine Environment Using Recycled Aggregate Bio-Carrier“. Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology 24, Nr. 5 (31.10.2016): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17640/kswst.2016.24.5.35.

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Yew, Ming Kun, Jing Han Beh, Ming Chian Yew, Foo Wei Lee, Lip Huat Saw und Siong Kang Lim. „Performance of surface modification on bio-based aggregate for high strength lightweight concrete“. Case Studies in Construction Materials 16 (Juni 2022): e00910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00910.

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Williams, Joseph, Mike Lawrence und Pete Walker. „A method for the assessment of the internal structure of bio-aggregate concretes“. Construction and Building Materials 116 (Juli 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.088.

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Singh, L. P., Vishakha Bisht, M. S. Aswathy, Leena Chaurasia und Sanjay Gupta. „Studies on performance enhancement of recycled aggregate by incorporating bio and nano materials“. Construction and Building Materials 181 (August 2018): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.248.

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Yong, Zi Cong, Ming Kun Yew, Xin Wei Sieng, Jing Han Beh, Ming Chian Yew und Foo Wei Lee. „Strength and Acoustics Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Incorporating of Bio-Based Aggregate“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012014.

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Abstract This paper investigates the incorporation of bio-based aggregate in lightweight foam concrete (LWFC). The aim of this research is to determine the strength and acoustics properties of lightweight foamed concrete incorporating 5% bio-based aggregate (LWFC-OPS5). A targeted density of 1100 +/- 100 kg/m3 of LWFC-OPS5 is produced and achieved a compressive strength of 3 MPa. A total of six mixes containing different water to cement (w/c) ratios 0.52, 0.56 and 0.60 with 0% and 5% of OPS replacement were designed. From the result, LWFC-OPS5-0.52 had showed the highest strength properties at 28 days, which are recorded at 3.59 MPa and 1.75 MPa respectively. It also showed the highest density among the LWFC-OPS5 mix design which is 1180 kg/m3 under fresh density conditions. LWFC-OPS5-0.56 has showed the most significant increase in compressive strength and flexural strength at 28 days, which have an increment of 30 - 40% from 7 days’ results. On the other hand, LWFC-OPS5-0.60 has increased about 36.81%, 32.73% and 63.83% compared to LWFC-CTR. All cube specimens have achieved above 3 MPa of compressive strength except LWFC-OPS5-0.60 due to its lowest fresh density. From the acoustics properties test results, LWFC-OPS5-0.56 had showed the maximum sound absorption coefficient. Thus, this research proved that LWFC-OPS5 can be used for different applications such as wall panels, roof tiles, sound barriers and etc.

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Mohamad, Maheera, Khai Lin Chong, Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir, Rahimi Abidin, Noor Hidayah Abu, Mohd Rizal Razalli, Che Azlan Taib, Yuhainis Mohd Yusoff und Vignes Chellamuthu. „Potential of Pressmud Waste from Sugar Industry in Brick Manufacturing for Green Business and Sustainability“. PaperASIA 40, Nr. 1(b) (10.02.2024): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i1(b).58.

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The construction industry in Malaysia is currently witnessing sustained expansion, as seen by the rising demand for residential properties, commercial structures, and other infrastructures throughout our country. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify suitable materials and proportions for manufacturing lightweight bricks utilizing industrial waste materials. This study investigates the feasibility of using pressmud, a sugarcane refinery waste, as a fine bio-aggregate for the production of construction materials. Binary blended cement-pressmud bricks were formed by mixing Ordinary Portland cement with pressmud at various weights percentages (50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%). Various experiments were undertaken to investigate and compare the characteristics of pressmud bricks and commercial sand bricks. The experiments focused on density determination and compression tests (standard brick). The compression tests demonstrated that cement-pressmud bricks with a weight ratio of up to 20% exhibited a compatible strength to standard brick, with values ranging from 17.16 MPa to 23.01 MPa. The pressmud bricks exhibited reduced weight, with 10% and 20% variants weighing 17-23% less than the standard brick. Thus, it can be concluded that pressmud possesses significant potential as a bio-aggregate for producing lightweight and cost-effective construction materials when used in appropriate proportions.

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Rus, Anika Zafiah M., Nur Munirah Abdullah, M. F. L. Abdullah und M. Izzul Faiz Idris. „Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (Oktober 2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.115.

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Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

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Li, Xiao, Jun Li, Zhihui Zhao, Keyao Zhou, Xiumei Zhan, Ying Wang, Ning Liu, Xiaori Han und Xue Li. „Soil Organic Carbon and Humus Characteristics: Response and Evolution to Long-Term Direct/Carbonized Straw Return to Field“. Agronomy 14, Nr. 10 (17.10.2024): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102400.

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While numerous studies have examined the effects of direct and carbonized straw return on soil fertility, most focus on short-term impacts. Long-term research is needed to understand how these practices affect soil fertility and organic carbon transformation, providing guidance for the use of straw and biochar in agriculture. This study examined the long-term effects of corn straw (CS), straw biochar (BIO), and biochar-based fertilizer (BF) applied over 5, 10, and 15 years on soil aggregates, organic carbon, and humus composition in a peanut field microplot experiment. Using pig manure compost (PMC) as a control, we assessed soil water-stable aggregate distribution, carbon content in soil and aggregates, and organic carbon’s infrared spectral characteristics. The goal was to understand how different straw utilization methods impact soil carbon retention and humus composition for sustainable agricultural practices. The results showed that the straw biochar (BIO) had a significantly better long-term effect on increasing the proportion and stability of large soil aggregates compared to direct straw return (CS) and biochar-based fertilizer (BF). After ten years of continuous fertilization, the organic carbon content in soils treated with BIO was higher than that in soils treated with CS. After fifteen years of continuous fertilization, the organic carbon content in soils treated with BF was similar to that of the CS treatment. Additionally, humus carbon primarily accumulated in the 2–0.25 mm aggregates (SMA), and the BIO treatment significantly improved the quality of soil humus. FTIR spectra indicated that the long-term application of BIO and BF increased the proportion of aromatic carbon in the soil, enhancing the stability of soil organic carbon. Long-term application of carbonized straw returns improved soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, and humus quality, contributing to carbon sequestration. Fertilization duration directly and indirectly regulated humus formation through its impact on organic carbon and aggregates, while organic materials influenced humus indirectly.

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PIEGAY, Clément, Philippe GLé und Chems ANWAR. „Poroelasticity and acoustic properties of bio-based materials : from characterization to the understanding of mechanical dissipation effects“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, Nr. 2 (04.10.2024): 9653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_4281.

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The building sector is a key element in reducing the effects of climate change. To operate sustainably and efficiently, solutions based on building materials having a low environmental impact, such as bio-based materials, are needed. In fact, they present high-level multi-functional properties and they capture atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, even if a number of works has examined visco-thermal dissipation effects, the understanding of the mechanical dissipation effects on the acoustic performances of bio-based materials is still incomplete and little data are available in the literature. Therefore, it seems particularly relevant to investigate by experimental characterizations and modelling methods the effects of mechanical dissipation on the acoustic properties of a representative variety of bio-based materials such as vegetal wools, vegetal aggregate stacks and vegetal concretes. To do this, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and structural damping were measured on the various typology of materials by a quasi-static analysis method. The non-linear elastic behaviour in compression of bio-based samples is analyzed. Finally, the influence of Young's modulus and structural damping on the acoustic absorption and attenuation properties of bio-based materials is described using modelling approaches.

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Podolsky, Joseph H., Zahra Sotoodeh-Nia, Theodore Huisman, R. Christopher Williams und Eric W. Cochran. „Practical Approach to Mix Design with High Binder and Aggregate Replacement in Iowa using Fractionation“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 10 (27.05.2019): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834303.

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A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effect of fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP) materials on the performance of a standard surface hot mix asphalt (HMA), as well as a HMA crack relief interlayer. The surface mix contained a PG58-28S binder, 3.3% of a bio-rejuvenator (0.12% by total mix weight), and 50% FRAP containing 30% fine fraction and 70% coarse fraction. The interlayer mix contained a polymer modified PG76-28 binder, 3.5% of the bio-rejuvenator (0.16% by total mix weight), and 50% FRAP containing 100% fine fraction. The surface mix was evaluated for HMA rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and low temperature fracture resistance, while the interlayer mix was evaluated for interlayer fatigue resistance. The rejuvenated FRAP surface mix performed better than the control FRAP surface mix in rutting and moisture susceptibility (stripping inflection point of 19,582 versus 17,805 for the control), and had a 100% improvement in low temperature fracture (768 J/m2 versus 354 J/m2 for the control) all due to the addition of 0.12% of a bio-rejuvenator by total mix weight. From the interlayer test there was a 57.7% and 33.6% improvement in number of cycles to failure and cumulative dissipated energy due to the addition of 0.16% of a bio-rejuvenator by total mix weight. Neither the FRAP control nor rejuvenated FRAP interlayer mixtures passed the interlayer test criteria. There is room for further improvement in the future, however, and the bio-rejuvenator is shown to improve performance substantially for mixtures with high asphalt binder and high aggregate replacement.

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Stevulova, N., und A. Estokova. „Changes in thermal stability of lignocelluloses waste aggregates long-term incorporated in composite“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 900, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012042.

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Abstract This paper is addressed to comparative study of changes in thermal stability of surface-modified hemp-hurds aggregates long-term incorporated in bio-aggregate-based composites with the original ones before their integration into alternative binder matrix. In this study, the effectiveness of alkaline treatment of hemp hurds compared to the raw bio-aggregates as well as in relation to their behaviour when they are long-term incorporated in the MgO-cement environment is investigated. The differences in the thermal behaviour of the samples are explained by the changed structure of hemp hurds constituents due to the pre-treatment and long-term action of the alternative binder components on the bio-aggregates. Alkaline treatment increases thermal stability of hemp hurds compared to raw sample. Also long-term incorporation of hemp hurds in MgO-cement matrix had a similar effect in case of alkaline modified bio-aggregates. The more alkali ions present in the structure of hemp hurdssamples, the more ash is formed during their thermal decomposition studied by thermal gravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

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Neufurth, Meik, Shunfeng Wang, Heinz C. Schröder, Bilal Al-Nawas, Xiaohong Wang und Werner E. G. Müller. „3D bioprinting of tissue units with mesenchymal stem cells, retaining their proliferative and differentiating potential, in polyphosphate-containing bio-ink“. Biofabrication 14, Nr. 1 (31.12.2021): 015016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac3f29.

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Abstract The three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes reach increasing recognition as important fabrication techniques to meet the growing demands in tissue engineering. However, it is imperative to fabricate 3D tissue units, which contain cells that have the property to be regeneratively active. In most bio-inks, a metabolic energy-providing component is missing. Here a formulation of a bio-ink is described, which is enriched with polyphosphate (polyP), a metabolic energy providing physiological polymer. The bio-ink composed of a scaffold (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan), a hydrogel (alginate) and a cell adhesion matrix (gelatin) as well as polyP substantially increases the viability and the migration propensity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In addition, this ink stimulates not only the growth but also the differentiation of MSC to mineral depositing osteoblasts. Furthermore, the growth/aggregate pattern of MSC changes from isolated cells to globular spheres, if embedded in the polyP bio-ink. The morphogenetic activity of the MSC exposed to polyP in the bio-ink is corroborated by qRT-PCR data, which show a strong induction of the steady-state-expression of alkaline phosphatase, connected with a distinct increase in the expression ratio between RUNX2 and Sox2. We propose that polyP should become an essential component in bio-inks for the printing of cells that retain their regenerative activity.

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Cintura, Eleonora, Lina Nunes, Luisa Molari, Matteo Bettuzzi, Maria Pia Morigi, Rosa Brancaccio und Paulina Faria. „Hygroscopicity and Morphology of Bio-Based Boards—The Influence of the Formulation“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (19.01.2024): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020873.

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The internal structures and the hygroscopicity of bio-based boards consisting of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and hazelnut shells as bio-aggregates, and a sodium silicate solution as the adhesive, were investigated. The aim was to evaluate the influence of each material (the bio-aggregates and adhesive) and their distributions in the boards on the final performance. By carrying out X-ray computed tomography, the internal structures and the porosities of the boards were determined, allowing important considerations of their hygroscopicity. The voids’ percentages were between 26% and 36% of the total volume of the composites. Both the materials and the composites demonstrated high hygroscopicity. In particular, the mixtures of the bio-aggregates and the sodium silicate allowed reaching a moisture buffering value of 7.44 g/(m2%RH) for the A. donax-based composite, 3.86 g/(m2%RH) for the hazelnut-shell-based composite, and 4.65 g/(m2%RH) for the mixture-based composite. Besides the identification of the contributions of the materials, a detailed discussion of the assessed properties was carried out to use these bio-based boards in vernacular historic construction. The results show how the aggregate type and the adhesive content affected the final behavior, demonstrating the importance of a conscious material choice. Furthermore, helpful information for the future development of these types of bio-based boards and their possible optimization was provided.

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Alfiansah, Yustian Rovi, Jens Harder, Matthew James Slater und Astrid Gärdes. „Addition of Molasses Ameliorates Water and Bio-Floc Quality in Shrimp Pond Water“. Tropical Life Sciences Research 33, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2022.33.1.8.

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Suspended particulate matter, phytoplankton and bacteria can be exploited to form larger aggregates, so-called bio-flocs. These serve as feeds for cultured shrimps, govern inorganic nutrients and load bacteria including pathogens. The current study aimed to simulate aggregate formation from available particulate matter in shrimp pond water and investigate quality of aggregates as well as possible impact to the pond water. Molasses was added to cylindrical tanks containing shrimp pond waters, and the tanks were rolled for 48 h. Besides water quality (inorganic nutrients and physical parameters), the researchers investigated and separated bacterial community compositions (BCC) to free-living (FL) and bio-flocs/particle-attached (PA) bacteria via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and measured macro-molecules contents (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) in the bio-flocs. Molasses addition increased bacterial numbers in the bio-flocs to two-fold higher than the FL’s. Moreover, potential probiotics such as Halomonas, Psychrobacter, Mesonia and Chromohalobacter were detected associated to bio-flocs and dominated the BCC. In contrast, bio-flocs without molasses showed 4-fold less carbohydrates and harboured elevated potential pathogens such as Vibrio and Alteromonas. Results show that molasses (at C/N ratio 1:2) increases pH (to 8.2 ± 0.09 and 8.0 ± 0.04 after 24 h and 48 h, respectively) in pond water, improving beneficial biofloc formation. Molasses also increased carbohydrates and proteins in bio-flocs and maintained abundances of beneficial bacteria resulting in low inorganic nutrient concentrations. Thus, molasses is suitable for shrimp farming to improve rearing processes.

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Aslam, Muhammad, Payam Shafigh und Mohd Zamin Jumaat. „Drying shrinkage behaviour of structural lightweight aggregate concrete containing blended oil palm bio-products“. Journal of Cleaner Production 127 (Juli 2016): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.165.

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Williams, Joseph, Mike Lawrence und Pete Walker. „The influence of constituents on the properties of the bio-aggregate composite hemp-lime“. Construction and Building Materials 159 (Januar 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.109.

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Serrano-González, Lorena, Daniel Merino-Maldonado, Manuel Ignacio Guerra-Romero, Julia María Morán-Del Pozo, Paulo Costa Lemos, Alice Santos Pereira, Paulina Faria, Julia García-González und Andrés Juan-Valdés. „Use of Mixed Microbial Cultures to Protect Recycled Concrete Surfaces: A Preliminary Study“. Materials 14, Nr. 21 (01.11.2021): 6545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216545.

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One approach to tackle the problems created by the vast amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generated worldwide while at the same time lengthening concrete durability and service life is to foster the use of recycled aggregate (RA) rather than natural aggregate (NA). This article discusses the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)-producing mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) to treat the surface of recycled concrete with a view to increase its resistance to water-mediated deterioration. The microorganisms were cultured in a minimal medium using waste pinewood bio-oil as a carbon source. Post-application variations in substrate permeability were determined with the water drop absorption and penetration by water under pressure tests. The significant reduction in water absorption recorded reveals that this bioproduct is a promising surface treatment for recycled concrete.

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Chakravarthy H G, Nahushananda, Karthik M. Seenappa, Sujay Raghavendra Naganna und Dayananda Pruthviraja. „Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 18 (12.09.2023): 13621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813621.

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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a special form of high-performance concrete that is highly efficient in its filling, flowing, and passing abilities. In this study, an attempt has been made to model the compressive strength (CS) of SCC mixes using machine-learning approaches. The SCC mixes were designed considering lightweight expandable clay aggregate (LECA) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate; ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for binding material (cement); and incinerated bio-medical waste ash (IBMWA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. LECA, GGBS, and IBMWA were replaced with coarse aggregate, cement, and fine aggregate, respectively at different substitution levels of 10%, 20%, and 30%. M30-grade SCC mixes were designed for two different water/binder ratios—0.40 and 0.45—and the CS of the SCC mixes was experimentally determined along with the fresh state properties assessed by slump-flow, L-box, J-ring, and V-funnel tests. The CS of the SCC mixes obtained from the experimental analysis was considered for machine learning (ML)-based modeling using paradigms such as artificial neural networks (ANN), gradient tree boosting (GTB), and CatBoost Regressor (CBR). The ML models were developed considering the compressive strength of SCC as the target parameter. The quantities of materials (in terms of %), water-to-binder ratio, and density of the SCC specimens were used as input variables to simulate the ML models. The results from the experimental analysis show that the optimum replacement percentages for cement, coarse, and fine aggregates were 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The ML models were successful in modeling the compressive strength of SCC mixes with higher accuracy and the least errors. The CBR model performed relatively better than the other two ML models, with relatively higher efficiency (KGE = 0.9671) and the least error (mean absolute error = 0.52 MPa) during the testing phase.

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Pinto Dabés Guimarães, Ana Cláudia, Olivier Nouailletas, Céline Perlot und David Grégoire. „Granular Skeleton Optimisation and the Influence of the Cement Paste Content in Bio-Based Oyster Shell Mortar with 100% Aggregate Replacement“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 6 (10.03.2024): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062297.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to optimise the granular skeleton assembly of cementitious materials containing non-spherical aggregates. The method is general and can be applied to any granular skeleton whatever the aggregate shape, size, or composition because it is simply based on the direct minimisation of the intergranular porosity to consequently increase the skeleton’s compactness. Based on an experimental design approach, this method was applied to and validated for bio-based oyster shell (OS) mortar with 100% aggregate replacement. First, the best combination of seven crushed oyster shell particle classes was determined and compared with a standardised sand skeleton (0/4 mm) and three other non-optimised OS gradings in terms of intergranular porosity. In particular, it is shown that simply mimicking a reference grading curve initially designed for spherical particles with non-spherical particles led to poor performances. Then, different mortars were cast with the standardised sand skeleton, the optimised OS grading, and the three other non-optimised OS gradings by keeping the water-to-cement ratio (0.5), the aggregate bulk volume, and the cement paste content constant. Mechanical tests in compression confirmed the higher performance of the optimised OS mortar, validating the global optimisation approach. However, the high elongation of the oyster shell aggregates led to high skeleton intergranular porosities—even after optimisation—and the cement paste content needed to be adapted. For a given granular skeleton and for a constant aggregate bulk volume, the increase of the cement paste content led to an increase of both the filling ratio and the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths). Finally, it is shown that the proposed skeleton optimisation and a cement paste content adjustment allowed recovering good mechanical properties for an oyster shell mortar with 100% aggregate replacement, especially in flexural tension.

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M.O. AL-Ashou, Wiaam, Nawal A. Al-Sabawi und Maha M. Yahya. „Comparison of push out bond strength of various root perforation repair materials“. Mustansiria Dental Journal 18, Nr. 2 (28.12.2022): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v18i2.980.

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Background/ Aims: High bond strength of root perforation repair materials is essential for success of endodontic therapy. The aims of current study were to assist the push-out bond strength of 4 types of root perforation repair materials (Biodentine , Mineral trioxide aggregate, glass ionomer cement, and calcium hydroxide paste) from dentin, and to determine the modes of failure at debonded surfaces. Materials and Methods: Forty lower premolars with a straight single root canal and matured apex were utilized. Then the teeth decorated 15 mm from the apex, and the middle third of the roots were cut perpendicular to their long axis in order to obtain sections with 1 mm thick. After that instrumentation for the canal of the dentin discs with Gates Glidden was done from sizes 2-5 to result into standardized cavities with 1.3 mm diameter. After that, specimens were divided randomly into 4groups with 10 specimens in every group as follows: group I: Bio (Biodentine), group II: Mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA), group III: GI (glass ionomer), and group IV: calcium hydroxide paste (Ca(OH)2). Prepared cavity was then filled with each of the material tested according to the corresponding groups. after setting of the tested materials the specimens stored for one week and then push-out bond strength test preformed. Results: push-out bond strength of Biodentine was significantly higher than other tested materials. Followed by Mineral trioxide aggregate, which exhibited significantly higher bond strength than glass ionomer and MTA materials, while the Ca(OH)2 showed the lowest value of push-out bond strength. Conclusions: push-out bond strength Biodentine, was significantly greater than MTA, GI, and Ca(OH)2. Therefore, BIO can be used successfully for treatment of root perforation that might occur during endodontic therapy of the root canal.

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ABEDINI, HASSAN, SAEID MOVAHED und NABIOLLAH ABOLFATHI. „NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRESSURE-INDUCED CELL PRINTING“. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, Nr. 05 (Oktober 2015): 1550065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500657.

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Nowadays, because of great biomedical applications of state-of-the art prototyping (bio-printing), many studies have been conducted in this field with focus on three-dimensional prototyping. There are several mechanisms for bio-printing of live cells such as piezoelectric and thermal and pneumatic inkjeting systems. Cell viability should be preserved during the bio-printing process. Lots of researches have been carried out to investigate and compare cell viability through different prototyping mechanisms. In order to quantify percentage of the cells that are killed during the proto-typing process, applied stresses on the cell and consequently its deformation should be calculated. A maximum strain energy density that the cell can tolerate is reported in the range of 25 Kj ⋅ m-3 to 100 Kj ⋅ m-3. This can be considered as a criteria to find the percentage of the damaged cells during the bio-printing processes. In this study, the bio-printing of the cell has been modeled and the cell viability have been investigated. Firstly, it is shown that in modeling of the bio-printing process, the effects of dynamic flow on calculating the applied stress on the cell is not negligible and must be considered. In the next step, the percentage of damaged endothelial cell aggregate under 80 kPa applied pressure (64 MPa/m) and 200 micron nozzle diameter is reported. Based on findings of this study, the percentage of endothelial cells viability under mentioned condition is reported 76%. The proposed method of this study can be utilized to examine the cell viability and performance of each prototyping systems.

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Pokorný, Jaroslav, Radek Ševčík, Jiří Šál, Lukáš Fiala, Lucie Zárybnická und Luboš Podolka. „Bio-based aggregate in the production of advanced thermal-insulating concrete with improved acoustic performance“. Construction and Building Materials 358 (Dezember 2022): 129436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129436.

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