Thematische Bibliographien / Bilateral handel

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Bilateral handel“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Wölwer, Anna-Lena, Martin Breßlein und Jan Pablo Burgard. „Gravity Models in R“. Austrian Journal of Statistics 47, Nr. 4 (08.06.2018): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v47i4.688.

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Gravity models are used to explain bilateral flows related to the sizes of bilateral partners, a measure of distance between them and other influences on interaction costs. The underlying idea is rather simple. The greater the masses of two bodies and the smaller the distance between them, the stronger they attract each other. This concept is applied to several research topics such as trade, migration or foreign direct investment. Even though the basic idea of gravity models is rather simple, they can become very complex when it comes to the choice of models or estimation methods. The package \textbf{gravity} targets to provide \proglang{R} users with the functions necessary to execute the most common estimation methods for gravity models, especially for cross-sectional data. Gravitätsmodelle werden verwendet, um bilaterale Ströme zu erklären. Dabei werden sowohl die Größen und die Distanz der jeweiligen Partner als auch weitere Einflussfaktoren zur Erklärung herangezogen. Die zugrundeliegende Idee dieser Modelle beruht auf dem Gravitätsprinzip. Je schwerer zwei Körper und je kleiner deren Distanz zueinander, desto stärker ist ihre gegenseitige Anziehungskraft. Dieses Konzept wird auf verschiedene Forschungsreiche angewendet, so zum Beispiel Handel, Migration und ausländische Direktinvestitionen. Auch wenn die zugrundeliegende Idee von Gravitätsmodellen eher einfach ist, so kann deren Schätzung je nach Wahl des zugrundegelegten ökonomischen Zusammenhangs komplex werden. Das Paket \textbf{gravity} ermöglicht es \proglang{R}-Nutzern die gängigsten Verfahren für Gravitätsmodelle in der Querschnittsanalyse zu verwenden.

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Petrova, Nadezhda, und Emilia Andreenko. „Bilateral differences in papillary fingerprint patterns of left-handed and right-handed individuals“. Glasnik Antropoloskog drustva Srbije, Nr. 53 (2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gads53-17813.

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Wang, Wendy, Heather G. Mack, Richard Stawell, Owen White und John Waterston. „HaNDL with bilateral central venous occlusions“. BMJ Neurology Open 2, Nr. 1 (Juni 2020): e000043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2020-000043.

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BackgroundThe syndrome of Headache and focal Neurological Deficits with cerebrospinal fluid Lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is considered a rare, idiopathic and self-limited condition.MethodsWe present a patient with HaNDL who had unique findings of florid optic disc haemorrhages from bilateral central retinal vein occlusions.ResultsOur patient made a full recovery with conservative management.ConclusionIt is important for medical attendants to recognise that HaNDL syndrome can be associated with neuro-ophthalmic complications.

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Marangon, Mattia, Stéphane Jacobs und Scott H. Frey. „Evidence for context sensitivity of grasp representations in human parietal and premotor cortices“. Journal of Neurophysiology 105, Nr. 5 (Mai 2011): 2536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00796.2010.

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Grasp-related responses in neurons of the macaque rostral inferior parietal lobule [PF/PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP)] are modulated by task context. Event-related functional MRI was used to determine whether this is true in putative homologs of the human cortex, the rostral inferior parietal lobule (rIPL) and the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS). Fifteen healthy, right-handed adults were required to select prospectively the most comfortable way to grasp a horizontally oriented handle using the cued hand (left or right). In the “no-rotation” condition, the task was simply to grasp the handle, whereas in the “rotation” condition, the goal was to plan to grasp and rotate it into a vertical orientation with the cued end (medial or lateral) pointing downward. In both conditions, participants remained still and indicated their grip preferences by pressing foot pedals. As in overt grasping, participants' grip preferences were significantly influenced by anticipation of the demands associated with handle rotation. Activity within the aIPS and rIPL increased bilaterally in both the rotation and no-rotation conditions. Importantly, these responses were significantly greater in the rotation vs. no-rotation condition. Similar context effects were detected in the presupplementary motor area, caudal intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule, and bilateral dorsal and left ventral premotor cortices. Grasp representations within the rIPL and aIPS are sensitive to predicted task demands and play a role in context-sensitive grip selection. Moreover, the findings provide additional evidence that areas involved in the sensorimotor control of grasp also contribute to feedforward planning.

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Murphy, G. J. „Sums of Laurent and bilateral Hankel operators“. Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 31, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1988): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500006763.

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One can define “Laurent” and “Hankel” operators relative to groups more general than the circle group . We do that here, derive some of their properties, and compute their spectra, using a concrete realization of a crossed product C*-algebra by the two-element group ℤ2.

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Curtin, Brian, Doug Abbott, John Nyland und David Caborn. „Bilateral bucket handle medial plica in an adolescent“. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 18, Nr. 4 (14.10.2009): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0954-2.

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Frenkel, Michael, und Benedikt Walter. „Internationale Handels- und Investitionsabkommen“. WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium 48, Nr. 11 (2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2019-11-25.

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Die internationale Handels- und Investitionspolitik basiert auf einer Vielzahl bilateraler und multilateraler Abkommen, die den Rahmen für internationale Güter- und Investitionsströme bilden. Die Abkommen umfassen sowohl Handels- als auch Investitionsschutzabkommen. Während Handelsabkommen den Abbau von tarifären und nicht-tarifären Handelshemmnissen zum Ziel haben, betreffen Investitionsschutzabkommen Bestimmungen, die ausländische Direktinvestitionen schützen und damit Investitionsanreize setzen.

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Walker, Brett, und Andrew Limbert. „Bilateral, Simultaneous Medial Meniscus Bucket Handle Tears in a 23-Year-Old Female“. Case Reports in Orthopedics 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/689130.

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Traumatic tears of the meniscus are well reported in the literature. Rarely, bilateral meniscal tears occur. A PubMed search found that only three cases of bilateral medial meniscus bucket handle type tears have been reported. Treatment options range from partial meniscectomy to repair of the meniscal tear. Repair is reported to be more successful in the vascular red-red or red-white zones. We present the case of a 23-year-old female who sustained simultaneous bilateral medial meniscus bucket handle type tears in an automobile accident. She was treated in a staged fashion with knee arthroscopy. Her meniscus tears were both found to be in the vascularized zone and meniscal tear repair was conducted. At two weeks postoperatively, she had excellent resolution of her symptoms and has returned to pain-free weight-bearing. She has remained pain-free at six-month follow-up.

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Li, Sheng, Frederic Danion, Mark L. Latash, Zong-Ming Li und Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky. „Finger Coordination and Bilateral Deficit during Two-Hand Force Production Tasks Performed by Right-Handed Subjects“. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, Nr. 4 (November 2000): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.4.379.

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One purpose of the present study was to compare indices of finger coordination during force production by the fingers of the right hand and of the left hand. The other purpose was to study the relation between the phenomena of force deficit during multifinger one-hand tasks and of bilateral force deficit during two-hand tasks. Thirteen healthy right-handed subjects performed maximal voluntary force production tasks with different finger combinations involving fingers of one hand or of both hands together. Fingers of the left hand demonstrated lower peak forces, higher indices of finger enslaving, and similar indices of force deficit. Significant bilateral effects during force production by fingers of both hands acting in parallel were seen only during tasks involving different fingers or finger groups in the two hands (asymmetrical tasks). The bilateral deficit effects were more pronounced in the hand whose fingers generated higher forces. These findings suggest a generalization of an earlier introduced principle of minimization of secondary moments. They also may be interpreted as suggesting that bilateral force deficit is task-specific and may reflect certain optimization principles.

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Kolev, Nikolai V., und Ljudmila I. Halacheva. „Effect Of Handedness On Functional Organization Of Bimanual Isometric Handgrip“. Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 8, Nr. 1 (01.06.2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0145.

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine force production during maximal isometric handgrip in unilateral (UL) and bilateral (BL) tasks in right- and left-handed subjects. Ten right-handed (RH) and 8 left-handed (LH) young men were studied. The subjects were instructed, after a command, to perform a shot-like handgrip, raising maximal force as fast as possible. Three series were performed as follows: 1) UL - right handgrip; 2) UL - left handgrip; 3) BL handgrip. We measured peak force, time to peak of force and rate of force. The BL/UL ratios for the right (R) and left (L) hand and L/R ratios for the UL and BL tasks were calculated. The L/R ratios for peak force and force rate in RH group ranged across all tasks and conditions from 0.71 to 0.75. They were significantly lower than 1 (p<0.01). These ratios did not differ significantly from 1 for LH subjects (0.98–1.02), indicating the handedness in RH group only. The BL/UL ratios for peak force were 0.89 and 0.89 in RH, suggesting symmetrical bilateral strength deficit. The magnitude of the bilateral deficit in LH group was larger for the dominant (L) hand compared to non dominant (R) hand – 0.93 and 0.97 (p<0.05) respectively, suggesting an asymmetry of bilateral deficit in LH. These ratios for time of force and rate of force indicated bilateral deficit (BD) in the dominant hand of RH group only.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Grip, Johan, und Mounir Karadja. „Effekten av Valutarisk på Bilateral Handel“. Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88331.

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This paper evaluates the effect of exchange rate risk on the sum of bilateral trade. To distinguish the effect between different types of countries, two groups are defined: advanced and developing economies. Economic theory on exchange rate risk and trade proposes ambiguous effects of increased volatility. However, the ex ante hypothesis is that developing economies are more sensitive to volatility. Contrarily to the hypothesis, the empirical results suggest that advanced economies would benefit up to twice as much from a removal of exchange rate risk. The lower sensitivity of developing countries to exchange rate risk is conjectured to be due to a lower real average income of firms in these areas. The empirical analysis is based on an extended gravity model, which is estimated and subsequently tested for robustness using four different techniques. All estimates imply that exchange rate volatility depresses bilateral trade flows. Further, the result that developing countries are less sensitive to exchange risk is not affected by different specifications of our model.

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Rohlfing, Ingo [Verfasser]. „Bilateral and multilateral cooperation in international trade : a political-economy perspective / Ingo Rohlfing“. Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1034967665/34.

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Hector, Tobias, und David Olsson. „EU-medlemskaps påverkan på bilaterala handelsflöden“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177166.

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The different ways countries trade with each other have developed during the years but the purpose, free exchange in goods and services, remains intact. The main idea of trade between countries is that both parties gain from the exchange. The European Union is the world’s biggest trading block, and in the form of a customs union there are mainly two different ways in which it theoretically can affect bilateral trade flows, namely by trade diversion or by trade creation. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the European Union affects the bilateral trade flows both within the union, as well as with countries outside of it. In order to examine these effects a quantitative method will be used where a regression analysis is applied based on a gravity model, observing the years 2000–2019. The results indicate a significant positive effect of EU-membership on both trade flows with different member countries, as well as with countries without a membership. The estimations from the different regressions indicate that the bilateral trade flows between member countries increases with around 33%–40%, while bilateral trade flows with countries outside of the union increases with around 3%.
Länders sätt att handla med varandra har utvecklats genom åren men syftet, fritt utbyte av varor och tjänster, är intakt. Grundidén till handel mellan länder är att båda tjänar på utbytet. Europeiska unionen är världens största handelsblock, och som en tullunion så finns det framförallt två effekter detta kan ge på länders bilaterala handel, antingen handelsfrämjande eller handelsomfördelande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur den europeiska handelsunionen påverkar den bilaterala handeln dels med andra medlemsländer, dels med länder utanför handelsunionen. För att undersöka dessa effekter används en kvantitativ metod där en regressionsanalys genomförs med hjälp av en gravitationsmodell, där de observerade åren är år 2000–2019. Resultatet av denna studie visar ett positivt signifikant samband mellan bilateral handel med både andra medlemsländer såväl som länder utanför unionen. Estimeringarna från de olika regressionerna indikerar att den bilaterala handeln ökat mellan EU-medlemmar med cirka 33%–40% och med cirka 3% med länder utanför unionen.

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Maluck, Julian. „The complex network topology of trade in a globalized world“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19366.

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Die Organisation von Handelsstrukturen bringt seit je her weitreichende soziale, politische sowie ökonomische Implikationen mit sich. Da die zugrundeliegenden Dynamiken von Handelssystemen a priori unbekannt sind bieten Konzepte aus der Theorie komplexer Systeme nützliche Werkzeuge, um neue Muster zu entdecken, sowie neue Hypothesen zu den Vorgängen innerhalb der Handelssysteme zu entwickeln. Einen nützlichen Ansatz stellen dabei komplexe Netzwerke dar, da Handelsströme zwischen ökonomischen Einheiten sinnvoll als Knoten und Verbindungen im Netzwerk darstellbar sind. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir spezielle Methoden auf komplexen Netzwerken, um die Netzwerk-Topologie des Handels auf globaler und auf nationaler Ebene zu untersuchen. Auf dem Level einzelner Industriesektoren erhalten wir neue Einblicke in die topologische Struktur des internationalen Handelsnetzwerks. Dazu führen wir neue Netzwerkmaße ein, welche die Funktion von Knoten in Subgraphen unter dem Blickwinkel, dass das Gesamtsystem durch ein Netzwerk aus mehreren Subnetzwerken dargestellt wird, beschreiben. Im Zuge der Globalisierung gewinnen bilaterale Handelsabkommen bei Entscheidungsträgern an Aufmerksamkeit und werden in zunehmender Zahl verhandelt. Wir entwickeln in dieser Arbeit einen neuen Ansatz, um die Auswirkungen dieser Abkommen auf die beteiligten Ökonomien zu analysieren und zu quantifizieren. Weiterhin behandeln wir die Fragestellung, in welchem Maß Handel als ein Übermittler von Nachfrage- und Angebotsveränderungen auf andere Industrien angesehen werden kann. Schließlich betrachten wir Handelsnetzwerke auf der Ebene von einzelnen Firmen und beschreiben die Funktion von einzelnen Knoten, insbesondere deren Rolle innerhalb von 3er-Motiven. Obwohl alle Methoden und Maße, die wir im Zuge dieser Arbeit einführen, aus Fragen im Kontext des Handels motiviert sind, sind die methodischen Konzepte auf komplexe Netzwerke in anderen Forschungsrichtungen anwendbar.
The organization of trade and its patterns and structures have always had far reaching implications among social, political and economic dimensions. The underlying dynamics of trade systems are often a priori unknown and concepts from complex system theory provide useful tools to discover new patterns and to develop new hypotheses on the mechanisms of the system. Complex networks offer a particularly useful approach to trade systems, as trade flows between economic entities can be intuitively and meaningfully represented as nodes and links in a network. In this thesis, we extend specific methods of complex networks with a focus on the relations between different subnetworks to investigate the network topology of trade on both the global and national scale. On an aggregation level considering individual industries as nodes, we obtain new insights about the topological structure of the international trade network by introducing new network measures that characterize the roles of nodes in subnetworks from a network of networks perspective. During the process of globalization bilateral trade agreements have received rising attention among policy makers and have been negotiated at an increasing pace. Here, we develop a framework to analyze and quantify impacts of these agreements on the involved economies. A further question that we address is to what extent trade can be regarded as a mediator of demand and supply spillovers to other industries. Finally, we look into trade networks at the scale of individual business firms and describe the role of nodes with a focus on 3-node motifs. Although all new methods and measures introduced in this thesis are motivated by questions in the context of trade, the methodological concepts are widely applicable to complex networks of other research disciplines.

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Prasittirat, Tachasit. „The Potential Effects of a Free Trade Agreement between Thailand and the European Union“. St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01653179002/$FILE/01653179002.pdf.

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Hansson, Helena. „Hur har frihandelsavtalet mellan EU och Chile förändrat den bilaterala handeln?“ Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8056.

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Denna uppsats undersöker vad som har hänt med den bilaterala handeln mellan EU och Chile sedan associeringsavtalet mellan dem trädde i kraft för fyra år sedan. Teorin om effekter av tullsänkningar säger att ett borttagande av en tull bör leda till välfärdsvinster genom prissänkningar. I uppsatsen framkommer att det är tveksamt om några sådana uppstått då tullarna redan innan avtalet var låga och inte många tullar har sänkts. Inte någon av parternas export tycks ha ökat avsevärt till följd av avtalet. Analysen av varuhandeln visar att parterna varken före eller efter utnyttjar några stordriftsfördelar i handeln utan att det snarare handlar om en typisk nord-syd-handel med användande av komparativa fördelar.

Uppsatsen avslutas med ett ifrågasättande om huruvida ökad handel till följd av tullsänkningar och en större gemensam marknad egentligen var parternas syfte med att inleda samarbetet.

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Castañeda, Jorge Eugenio. „El contrato bilateral“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116337.

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Schewe, Christoph J. „Die Beteiligung nichtstaatlicher Akteure in Streitschlichtungssystemen des internationlen Handels : Ansätze in multilateralen und bilateralen Handelsübereinkommen /“. Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989457788/04.

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Schewe, Christoph J. „Die Beteiligung nichtstaatlicher Akteure in Streitschlichtungssystemen des internationalen Handels Ansätze in multilateralen und bilateralen Handelsübereinkommen“. Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989457788/04.

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Peres, Daniele. „Tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português-Brasil do Chedoke Arm And Hand Activity Inventory (Cahai) e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Cahai-Brasil“. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1814.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Peres - resumo.pdf: 11413 bytes, checksum: 4febb8b048c11a9c669b0e5e67711780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) é um instrumento de avaliação da capacidade do membro superior de indivíduos com hemiparesia em atividades bilaterais. Este estudo objetivou traduzir, adaptar transculturamente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do CAHAI. O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural consistiu em oito etapas: tradução do CAHAI do inglês para o português por dois tradutores e mescla das duas traduções (T1 e T2) resultando em uma versão traduzida (T12), que passou por uma revisão de layout, gramática e tipografia. Retrotradução de T12 por dois tradutores independentes, com língua materna inglesa. Avaliação por um comitê de especialistas, envio da versão final para os autores da versão original e aplicação do pré-teste. Para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão CAHAI-Brasil, participaram 24 adultos (56,5±12,3 anos) com hemiparesia de 44,2±32,8 meses pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). A destreza manual (Box and Block Test ), a força de preensão (dinamômetro manual) e a sensibilidade tátil, (Moving Touch Pressure) foram avaliadas para caracterização da amostra. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi utilizado para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores dos itens individuais e da pontuação total. A validade concorrente do CAHAI foi avaliada através da correlação de Pearson com as atividades bilaterais do Test d Évaluation des Membres Supérieurs des Personnes Agées (TEMPA). A validade discriminante entre os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado ou severo (segundo os escores da Escala de Fugl-Meyer) foi avaliada com a ANOVAoneway. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores do escore total foi excelente (respectivamente CCI = 0,96 e 0,97). A pontuação do CAHAI apresentou forte correlação com as tarefas bilaterais do TEMPA (r= - 0,86). O CAHAI discrimina os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado e grave (p<0.05 para todos). A versão traduzida e adaptada do CAHAI (o Inventário Chedoke de Atividades do Braço e da Mão) apresentou validade concorrente, discriminante e confiabilidade adequadas.

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Bücher zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Driels, Morris. Adaptive control of direct drive dexterous robotic hand with bilateral tactile sensing. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.

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The Japan-U.S. trade friction dilemma: The role of perception. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1998.

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Silja, Schaffstein. Part I The Doctrine of Res Judicata in Litigation, 2 The Doctrine of Res Judicata in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715610.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses how international law deals with the problems of multiple proceedings and conflicting judgments concerning the doctrine of res judicata. In international law, the problem is handled differently depending on whether it arises in the private or public international law context. In private international law, the problem has long been resolved by domestic private international law acts and various bilateral conventions. In Europe, the Brussels I Regulation seeks to avoid these problems among Member States by unifying rules on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments. On the other hand, in public international law, a uniform doctrine of res judicata has been developed on the basis of domestic res judicata rules.

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Foster, Helen, und Paul A. Brogan, Hrsg. Rashes in paediatric rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592630.003.0010.

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Systemic JIA 448Palmar psoriasis in a patient with psoriatic JIA 448Nail pits and psoriasis in a patient with psoriatic JIA 449Psoriatic JIA (elbows) 449Psoriatic JIA (hands) 450HSP with bilateral ankle swelling 450Juvenile dermatomyositis with periorbital oedema 451Severe juvenile dermatomyositis with anterior chest wall vasculitis—‘shawl sign’ ...

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R, Krugman Paul, Hrsg. Trade with Japan: Has the door opened wider? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

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Krotz, Ulrich, und Katharina Wolf. Franco-German Defence and Security Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0026.

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Bilateral Franco-German cooperation in security and defence is characterized by a paradox. On the one hand, France and Germany are closely connected institutionally, and consult across all key areas of foreign policy, security, and defence in highly regularized ways. On the other hand, the countries’ general orientations in security and defence, as well as their strategic postures and numerous policy preferences in these domains, often are disparate and, not infrequently, deeply divergent. This chapter outlines both the institutional underpinnings of the robust Franco-German bilateral connection and the enduring differences between France and Germany. It then explores how this ‘double logic’ of institutional cohesion versus preference divergence plays out across key areas in security and defence, including armament cooperation; nuclear forces; the Franco-German brigade and the Eurocorps; and military deployment. The chapter concludes by discussing where the Franco-German relationship may be heading, and the implications of these developments for European politics.

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Cronin, Bruce. Treaty Law: New Trends. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.355.

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Treaties are agreements between sovereign states, and occasionally between states and international organizations. Treaties can include conventions, covenants, charters, and statutes, all of which are legally binding under international law. There are two main types of treaties: bilateral and multilateral. Bilateral agreements are concluded by a limited number of states (usually two), and typically address a narrow set of issues that are unique to specific parties and particular circumstances. Multilateral treaties, on the other hand, establish generalized principles of conduct that apply to a wide range of states without regard to the future particularistic interests of the parties or the strategic exigencies that may exist in a particular occurrence. Treaties can serve a wide variety of functions: ending wars and establishing conditions for peace; creating new international organizations or alliances; generating new rules of coexistence and cooperation; regulating a particular type of behavior; distributing resources; and initiating new rights and obligations for future relations. No single organization or agency has the authority to enforce treaty commitment. Rather, treaties can be enforced in at least two ways. First, states can use diplomatic, economic, and/or military coercion. Second, some treaties establish their own enforcement mechanisms; for example Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter grants enforcement authority to the Security Council.

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Voon, Tania, und Andrew Mitchell. Community Interests and the Right to Health in Trade and Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0014.

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The authors examine the interaction between international trade and investment law on the one hand and the right to health as a human right on the other. They argue that international economic law has the potential to make a profound impact on the realization of the right to health. Yet the relationship between international economic law, on the one hand, and international human rights law and the right to health, on the other, is rarely acknowledged explicitly in the primary sources of trade and investment law. The chapter considers the U.N. treatment of this relationship as well as the right to health and human rights in WTO agreements, preferential trade agreements, bilateral investment treaties, and international disputes. Using tobacco control as a case study, the chapter concludes that international economic law has the capacity to balance health interests, such that the objectives of health, trade, and investment can be aligned.

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Brummer, Klaus, und Friedrich Kießling, Hrsg. Zivilmacht Bundesrepublik? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748904878.

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Employing perspectives from the fields of political science and history, this interdisciplinary volume examines the explanatory power of the concept of ‘civilian power’ for the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany. Based on European and global topics, the volume examines whether the foreign behaviour of the Federal Republic before and after 1989 can be understood through this concept. Moreover, it examines similar historical concepts like the ‘culture of restraint’, alternatives to civilian power or deviations from the respective concepts in the Federal Republic’s practice of foreign policy. The respective case studies it conducts not only employ relational perspectives through which the Federal Republic’s bilateral relations can be investigated through a theoretical lens, but also examine domestic processes of interpretation and contestation about Germany as a ‘civilian power’. With contributions by Klaus Brummer, Friedrich Kießling, Kristina Spohr, Hanns W. Maull, Gunther Hellmann, Andreas Plöger, Dominik Geppert, Sebastian Harnisch, Ulrich Lappenküper, Mladen Mladenov, Bernhard Stahl, Andreas N. Ludwig, Caroline Rothauge, Christian Rabini, Katharina Dimmroth, Mischa Hansel, Kai Oppermann, Patrick A. Mello.

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Seline, Trevisanut. Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 12 The Contribution of UNHCR to Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in ocean governance. Created in 1950 to replace the International Refugee Organization, the UNHCR provides protection to refugees and displaced persons. In addition to promoting the development and ratification of multilateral and bilateral agreements for the protection of refugees, the UNHCR assists governments and private organizations dealing with the repatriation or settlement of refugees in host countries. The chapter first provides a brief overview of the UNHCR’s beginnings and the progressive expansion of its mandate before analysing the role of the UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom). It then considers how the UNHCR handles crises involving irregular migration by sea, including the Haitian crisis and the Indochinese crisis, along with its influence on the development of the international legal framework of search and rescue services. Finally, it highlights the ways in which the UNHCR contributes to ocean governance.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Barss, Trevor S., Taryn Klarner und E. Paul Zehr. „Equivalent Bilateral Early Latency Cutaneous Reflex Amplitudes during Graded Contractions in Right Handers“. In Biosystems & Biorobotics, 279–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08072-7_47.

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Raghavan, Pallavi. „Bilateral Solutions“. In Animosity at Bay, 23–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087579.003.0002.

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In this chapter, I highlight how the administrative response to the immediate fallout of the partition, was determined foremost by how it could be bilaterally handled, rather than being governed by any other consideration—including, for instance, the necessity of bringing immediate relief to the law and order question. I examine how the Partition Council approached the question of setting up the foreign ministries for India and Pakistan in August, 1947, and the importance that was given to having a diplomatic architecture in place that could handle the inter-face between India and Pakistan on issues relating to abducted women, and the Punjab Boundary Force. In many ways, notwithstanding the glaring inadequacies of the state apparatus in being able to contain the violence around partition, what was given importance was the ability to produce a bilateral mechanism to deal with partition’s fallout.

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Christmas, Jill, und Rosaline Van de Weyer. „Bilateral integration sequencing (BIS)“. In Hands on Dyspraxia: Developmental Coordination Disorder, 105–16. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429438998-6.

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Christmas, Jill. „Bilateral integration: working both sides of the body together“. In Hands On Dyspraxia, 93–104. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169125-6.

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Afshari, Mitra, Philip A. Starr und Jill L. Ostrem. „Bilateral Ventral Intermediate Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Medication-Refractory Orthostatic Tremor“. In Deep Brain Stimulation, herausgegeben von Laura S. Surillo Dahdah, Umar Yazdani, Richard B. Dewey, Padraig O’Suilleabhain und Shilpa Chitnis, 29–32. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647209.003.0005.

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In this case, a 61-year-old right-handed woman presented with a 20-year history of mild bilateral kinetic hand tremor and a 10-year history of progressive gait imbalance on standing. The unsteadiness was relieved with walking. She was diagnosed with essential tremor (ET) and orthostatic tremor (OT). Her hand tremor initially responded to treatment with propranolol, but later worsened despite dose optimization. Bilateral Vim stimulation provided tremor relief and an increase in “standing time.” The chapter discusses some of the common physiology between ET and OT, which has been a longtime topic of investigation. It also introduces the new concept of preoperative, postoperative, and even intraoperative use of EMG of the legs to help quantify tremor more objectively in addition to measuring “standing time.”

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Kroth, Julia, Susanne Schneider und Sergiu Groppa. „Deactivation of One Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Device to Address Brittle Ipsilateral Dyskinesia in a Patient With Tremor-Dominant Parkinson Disease“. In Deep Brain Stimulation, herausgegeben von Laura S. Surillo Dahdah, Padraig O’Suilleabhain, Hrishikesh Dadhich, Mazen Elkurd, Shilpa Chitnis und Richard B. Dewey, 93–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647209.003.0018.

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A 78-year-old right-handed woman with a 10-year history of tremor-dominant Parkinson disease (PD) was recommended for bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The patient was implanted with bilateral omnidirectional STN DBS electrodes after intraoperative microelectrode recordings and intraoperative test stimulation. Immediately after implantation, the motor symptoms improved considerably, but 3 to 4 weeks later, a debilitating left-sided resting tremor re-emerged. Personalized programming at the right STN ameliorated the tremor, while painful dyskinesia and hemiballism of the ipsilateral right side of the body developed subsequently over the next few days. Adapting the stimulation parameters and the dopaminergic medication improved these symptoms only marginally. After turning off the left STN electrode, the dyskinesia and hemiballism disappeared completely. In the following weeks, the amperage of the right STN electrode was increased gradually to control the left-sided resting tremor. This was possible without the development of ipsilateral hyperkinesia. During the off phases of stimulation, a considerable direct improvement of hyperkinesia was noted, and the decision to turn off the left STN electrode was ultimately made.

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Morís, Germán, und Julio Pascual. „Headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) syndrome“. In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, herausgegeben von Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai und Christopher Kennard, 403–8. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0044.

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Headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare, self-limited syndrome that is characterized by 1–12 episodes of headache with temporary neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis within a period of 3 months. HaNDL syndrome is more frequent in males (3:1) around their third and fourth decades of life. As HaNDL is commonly preceded by a viral illness, a possibility is that this syndrome is autoimmune in origin. Headache is usually described as severe and bilateral, and lasts from a few hours to a few days. Accompanying temporary deficits typically are restricted to one hemisphere and last an average of 5 hours. Sensory symptoms, language disorders, and hemiparesis, in this order, are the more frequent focal deficits. Contrary to migraine aura, visual symptoms are rare. While neuroimaging discloses no abnormalities, lumbar tap demonstrates lymphocytic pleocytosis with normal glucose levels and negative microbiological results. Electroencephalography and brain single photon emission computed tomography show hemispheric slowing or decrease uptake within the acute episodes. There is no specific treatment, but the syndrome does not leave any sequel.

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Moscovich, Mariana. „Freezing of Gait After Bilateral Globus Pallidus Interna Deep Brain Stimulation in Generalized Dystonia“. In Deep Brain Stimulation, herausgegeben von Laura S. Surillo Dahdah, Padraig O’Suilleabhain, Hrishikesh Dadhich, Mazen Elkurd, Shilpa Chitnis und Richard B. Dewey, 105–8. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647209.003.0021.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a safe and long-term effective treatment for medication-refractory dystonia. However, complications and side effects may occur. Freezing of gait (FOG) is a rare phenomenon in patients with dystonia, although very frequently this complication is observed in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). FOG can be disabling and may severely impair quality of life, even when episodic. This chapter reports on a case of a 49-year-old left-handed man presenting with FOG, impairment in balance, and walking difficulty. These issues emerged 3 years after successful bilateral GPi DBS for primary generalized dystonia.

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Michalopoulos, Constantine. „Aid Effectiveness“. In Ending Global Poverty, 59–76. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850175.003.0005.

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The collaboration the U4 launched at Utstein covered a wide variety of development issues handled by different international institutions. This involved in the first place coordination of their positions at the World Bank and the IMF, and the UN and its funds, programmes, and agencies. The World/Bank IMF were very important both because of the size and extent of their own programmes but also for helping developing countries manage the overall poverty reduction strategies within which all bilateral aid was supposed to fit. Increasing the effectiveness of bilateral aid could only succeed if it were part of a consistent overarching multilateral effort. This chapter starts with a discussion of U4 efforts to ensure that the poverty reduction strategies developed with the help of the World Bank/IMF in connection with debt relief actually reflected developing country priorities. It then moves on to U4’s efforts to improve the effectiveness of UN programmes which tended to be characterized by fragmentation and inefficiencies. The last part addresses the problem of coherence and collaboration between the IMF and the World Bank—the international financial institutions, on the one hand, and the UN and its agencies, on the other.

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Cranston, Ross, Emilios Avgouleas, Kristin van Zweiten, Theodor van Sante und Christoper Hare. „11. Cross-Border Banking“. In Principles of Banking Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199276080.003.0011.

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This chapter first sets out seven cases that illustrate some of the legal problems arising from international banking. Many of these cases are not new, nor are most confined to banking. The chapter outlines of how these problems have been handled followed by an examination of the broader principles underlying the resolution of the harder cases. Comity, balancing, cooperation, and harmonization are considered. Jurisdictional clashes over banking matters continue to occur. Some are resolvable in accordance with established legal doctrine, some in accordance with bilateral and multilateral agreements between states. There remains a question mark over how much is achievable in reducing the conflict by pursuing notions of jurisdiction, comity, and the balancing of interests. Rather, shared concerns on substantive issues, such as money laundering and terrorist financing, are more likely to lead to deference by, and cooperation between, jurisdictions.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Mohajerpoor, Reza, Iman Sharifi, Heidar Ali Talebi und Seyed Mehdi Rezaei. „Adaptive bilateral teleoperation of an unknown object handled by multiple robots under unknown communication delay“. In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2013.6584250.

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Ohka, M., Y. Mitsui und H. Komura. „Brain Activation Measurement of Velvet Hand Illusion Using Pocket NIRS“. In ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8540.

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In this research, as a different approach to the conventional one which enhances the performance with hardware of a haptic device, we adopt another approach to make the brain feel as if the person is touching the real thing via an illusion. Thus, we study Velvet Hand Illusion (VHI) which is an illusionary phenomenon concerning tactile touch. In VHI, a hexagonal wire mesh is sandwiched between both hands and rubbing the wire mesh without relative motion between both hands generates a smooth feeling, like velvet. The brain activation at this time is measured by PocketNIRS, which contains two channels measuring the bilateral prefrontal cortex. We obtained the result that the prefrontal cortex was activated to roughly two times larger when VHI occurred than when touching real velvet fabric. Since different responses can be obtained in the prefrontal cortex during brain activation between real velvet and VHI, it is possible to use pocketNIRS for the evaluation of VHI.

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Erdem, Çağrı. „Burgeoning Sino-Russian Economic Relations and the Russian Far East: Prospects and Challenges“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00623.

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The colossal economic transformations and political intrusions had been affecting brutally China and the Soviet Union in the final decades of the twentieth century. Currently, Russia is a gigantic power, struggling to rebuild its economic base in an era of globalization. There are a number of significant difficulties of guaranteeing a stable domestic order due to demographic shifts, economic changes, and institutional weaknesses. On the other hand, the economic rise of China has attracted a great deal of attention and labeled as a success story by the Western world. The current growth of the Chinese economy is of immense importance for the global economy. Both nations are part of the world’s largest and fastest-growing emerging markets—member of the BRIC. Their respective GDPs are growing at an impressive rate by any global standards. Relations between China and Russia have evolved dramatically throughout the twentieth century. However, it would be fair to argue that during the past decade China and Russia have made a number of efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation on a number of economic/political/diplomatic fronts. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation maintain exceptionally close and friendly relations, strong geopolitical and regional cooperation, and significant levels of trade. This paper will explore the burgeoning economic and political relationships between the two nations and place the Russian Far East in the context of Russia's bilateral relations with China in order to examine the political, economic, and security significance of the region for both sides.

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Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M. „Operational Space Impulse Momentum Algorithm for Flexible Multibody Systems With Generalized Topologies“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48886.

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This paper presents a new methodology for modeling discontinuous dynamics of flexible and rigid multibody systems based on the impulse momentum formulation. The new methodology is based on the seminal idea of the divide and conquer scheme for modeling the forward dynamics of rigid multibody systems. While a similar impulse momentum approach has been demonstrated for multibody systems in tree topologies, this paper presents the generalization of the approach to systems in generalized topologies including many coupled kinematically closed loops. The approach utilizes a hierarchic assembly-disassembly process by traversing the system topology in a binary tree map to solve for the jumps in the system generalized speeds and the constraint impulsive loads in linear and logarithmic cost in serial and parallel implementations, respectively. The coupling between the unilateral and bilateral constraints is handled efficiently through the use of kinematic joint definitions. The generalized impulse momenta equations of flexible bodies are derived using a projection method.

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Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M., und Kurt S. Anderson. „Efficient Impulse Momentum Formulation for Multi-Flexible Body Systems“. In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87408.

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This paper presents the generalization of the divide and conquer impulse momentum formulation to systems with flexible bodies. The approach utilizes a hierarchic assembly-disassembly process by traversing the system topology in a binary tree map to solve for the jumps in the system generalized speeds and the constraint impulsive loads in linear and logarithmic cost in serial and parallel implementations, respectively. The coupling between the unilateral and bilateral constraints is handled efficiently through the use of kinematic joint definitions. The equations of motion for the system are produced in a hierarchic sub-structured form. The generalized impulse momenta equations of flexible bodies are derived using a projection method. The equations are then cast into a format amenable to be incorporated in the basic divide and conquer form. The solution of the equations using the hierarchic assembly disassembly process by using the boundary conditions are discussed for free floating, anchored trees and kinematically closed loop systems.

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Stubbs, Kimberly J., Brendon C. Allen und Warren E. Dixon. „Teleoperated Motorized Functional Electric Stimulation Actuated Rehabilitative Cycling“. In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3131.

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Abstract Many people are affected by a wide range of neuromuscular disorders, many of which can be improved through the use of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) rehabilitative cycling. Recent improvements in nonlinear, Lyapunov-based FES muscle control with motor assistance in unstimulated regions of the cycle-crank rotation have led to a reduction in muscle fatigue, allowing rehabilitation time to be extended. Studies in rehabilitation have shown that the addition of coordinated movement between the upper limbs and lower limbs can have a positive effect on neural plasticity leading to faster restoration of walking in those who have some neurological disorders. In this paper, to implement coordinated motion during rehabilitation, a strongly coupled bilateral telerobotic system is developed between a hand-cycle system driven by the participant’s volitional efforts and a split-crank leg-cycle system driven by the switched application of FES with motor assistance. A variable operator is applied to the leg-cycle’s motor input during the FES stimulation regions to provide assistance as required. Lyapunov-based analysis methods are used on the combined leg and hand-cycle system to prove global exponential stability. Analysis further proves that all switched system inputs are bounded, thus the states of the telerobotic master (i.e., hand-cycle system) are bounded, therefore, the telerobotic system is stable.

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Abiri, Reza, Soheil Borhani, Xiaopeng Zhao und Yang Jiang. „Real-Time Brain Machine Interaction via Social Robot Gesture Control“. In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5128.

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Brain-Machine Interaction (BMI) system motivates interesting and promising results in forward/feedback control consistent with human intention. It holds great promise for advancements in patient care and applications to neurorehabilitation. Here, we propose a novel neurofeedback-based BCI robotic platform using a personalized social robot in order to assist patients having cognitive deficits through bilateral rehabilitation and mental training. For initial testing of the platform, electroencephalography (EEG) brainwaves of a human user were collected in real time during tasks of imaginary movements. First, the brainwaves associated with imagined body kinematics parameters were decoded to control a cursor on a computer screen in training protocol. Then, the experienced subject was able to interact with a social robot via our real-time BMI robotic platform. Corresponding to subject’s imagery performance, he/she received specific gesture movements and eye color changes as neural-based feedback from the robot. This hands-free neurofeedback interaction not only can be used for mind control of a social robot’s movements, but also sets the stage for application to enhancing and recovering mental abilities such as attention via training in humans by providing real-time neurofeedback from a social robot.

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Ağaoğlu, Cahit. „Problems of Turkish and Foreign Construction Companies on the Fidic Arbitration Rules“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01954.

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FIDIC rules are generally accepted as standard contract for construction projects in international commercial practice. Disputes arising from standard agreements are often referred to as international arbitration rules. However, at the beginning of the difficulties encountered in the arbitration proceedings under the FIDIC Rules at the international arbitration institutions, the question is whether the engineer is impartial. On the other hand, the fact that the Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) has been used effectively is also an important issue. It has been revealed through the case-law that the adoption of the FIDIC Rules by the domestic laws of the parties has not yet reached the desired stage. Aside from the fact that arbitral awards are confronted with public authority during the enforcement phase, there are also difficulties of parallel proceedings that national courts have resorted to legal proceedings although there is an agreement involving arbitration clauses. The protection of the investor, the equitable treatment of the investor and the protection against expropriation are all on the agenda and a direct link can be established between FIDIC and Bilateral Investment Treaties.

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Zumbado, Fernando A., Samuel T. McJunkin und Marcia K. O'Malley. „Experimental System Identification of Force Reflecting Hand Controller“. In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14780.

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This paper describes the combined time and frequency domain identification of the first three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of a six degree-of-freedom force reflecting hand controller (FRHC). The FRHC is used to teleoperate Robonaut, a humanoid robotic assistant developed by NASA, via a bilateral teleoperation architecture. Three of the six DOF of the FRHC are independently identified due to the decoupled nature of the manipulator design. The frequency response for each axis is acquired by coupling a known environmental impedance to the joint axis and then applying a sinusoidal sweep torque input. Several data sets are averaged in the frequency domain to obtain an averaged frequency response. A coherence analysis is then performed and data with low coherence values are ignored for subsequent analysis and model fitting. The paper describes the use of coherence data to ensure acceptable model fits for transfer function estimation. Results of the identification experiments are presented, including implications of assumptions of decoupling and linearity. In addition, frequency and time domain validations for each axis model are performed using data sets excluded from the parameter estimation, with strong correlation.

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Ban, Maja, Tomislav Đurković und Nenad Marelić. „Comparison of FMS tests between female and male volleyball players with possible implications on volleyball performance“. In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-1.

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Purpose: The main goal of this study is to determine possible differences in the range and quality of movement between senior male and female volleyball players of HAOK Mladost. Methods: Respondents, all right-handed and healthy, were members of the senior volleyball team of HAOK Mladost (female n=24, male n=17). The testing was conducted during the transition period, between the first and second competition period. We used seven tests, all part of standard FMS protocol: Deep Squat (DS), Hurdle Step (HS), In-Line Lunge (ILL), Shoulder Mobility (SM), Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR), Trunk Stability Push-up (TSPU), Rotary Stability (RS), with 12 measured variables (left and right side for five bilateral tests plus DS and TSPU). Educated staff at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb con-ducted the testing. The examination of significance of the differences between senior male and female volleyball players was conducted by using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant difference in three tests: In – Line Lunge Left (ILLL), z= -2,11, p=0,03, with moderate effect size (r=0.33), Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL), z= -2,58, p=0,01, with moderate to strong effect size (r=0.4) and Stability Push-up (TSPU) z= -3,68, p=0,00, with strong effect size (r=0.58). Conclusion: Statistically significant difference was determined in the range and quality of movement in three measured variables. Male volleyball players achieved better results in two tests: In-Line Lunge Left (ILLL) and Stability Push-up (TSPU). That addresses to a higher ability to keep the balance during lunges (reaction on short balls during reception or defence phase of the game) and considerably higher ability to maintain the stability of the trunk in the transfer of force from the upper extremities to the lower (during block) and vice versa (during spike). It is interesting to note that female volleyball players achieved a significantly better rating in the Active Straight Leg Raise Left (ASLRL) test, suggesting a better flexibility of the left hamstrings and better right hip mobility which enables higher capacity in performing el-ements which require extension, which include almost all volleyball elements (hitting, serve receive and transition into offense, defence and transition into counterattack and blocking, smashing and jump serve).

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Bilateral handel"

Driels, Morris R. Adaptive Control of Direct Drive Dexterous Robotic Hand with Bilateral Tactile Sensing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233980.

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