Zeitschriftenartikel: „Bigyan“

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Chhetri, Jyoti, Krishna Gurung, Abhisek Khadka, Reeju Sharma, Mira Kumari Khatri, Anil Bhujel, Amrita Acharaya und Goma Pokharel. „Synergistic Effects of Artemisia vulgaris, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica and Castanopsis indica Extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus“. Himalayan Biodiversity 5, Nr. 1 (28.12.2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hebids.v5i1.36152.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is not only resistant to methicillin and other β-lactam antibacterial agents but also to other antibacterial agents. Therefore, new agents are needed to treat Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main aim of the present research was to study the antibacterial activity of four plants extract against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at the purpose of overcoming its infection. The current investigation was carried out at Pokhara Bigyan tatha Prabidhi Campus based on the evaluation of traditional plants on its antibacterial activity against MRSA. Antibacterial activity of the medicinal plant extract was observed by mixing 100 g powder of collected leaves in 70% methanol making 1000 sml. After performed processes, extract was filtered and methanol was evaporated. Antibacterial activity of the medicinal plant extract was determined using agar well diffusion assay method. Methanol leaf extracts may have the potential to act against MRSA and could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat infections caused by methicillin resistant strains of microorganisms from community as well as hospital settings. The synergistic effect was clearly observed among all four medicinal herbs.

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Bhattarai, Shreya, und Rakesh Kusma. „Preparation And Quality Evaluation Of Sugar And Honey Based Beetroot Candies“. Sustainability in Food and Agriculture 3, Nr. 1 (2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/sfna.01.2022.15.18.

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Beetroot is notable for its sweetness, high sugar content, but is very low in calories. Despite its nutritional value, many people refuse to consume it because of its earthy flavor. So, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus from September 2020 to December 2020 to prepare sugar and honey-based beetroot candy and make a comparative study on their qualities. By following the preliminary operations, fresh beetroot was candied by using honey and sugar syrup of 30 °Brix. Within certain days of boiling and draining of syrup, a gradual increment of TSS was obtained up to 70 °Brix and was finally dried at 55±3 ℃. The moisture content (26.18±0.58), crude fat (0.52±0.01), crude protein (1.60±0.14), crude fiber (2.39±0.19), titratable acidity (0.23±0.05), pH (5.82±0.02), reducing sugar (38.07±0.28), color (6.7±0.24), flavor (6.3±0.18), texture (6.65±0.25), taste (7.10±0.22), appearance (7.17±0.27) and overall acceptability (7.10±0.24) was recorded more in honey-based candy while carbohydrate (70.01±0.76) and ash (1.75±0.13) was recorded more in sugar-based candy. The total soluble solid was obtained equally in both sugar and honey-based candy which was 70 °Brix. The honey-based candy was better in nutritional, chemical and sensory attributes so it is suggested to use honey as a syrup instead of sugar syrup.

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Schuman, Joel S. „Biglan Festschrift“. Seminars in Ophthalmology 23, Nr. 5-6 (Januar 2008): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08820530802505880.

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Stoecker, Judith L. „The Biglan classification revisited“. Research in Higher Education 34, Nr. 4 (August 1993): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00991854.

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SANTOS COSTA, VÍTOR, und DAVID VAZ. „BigYAP: Exo-compilation meets UDI“. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 13, Nr. 4-5 (Juli 2013): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000501.

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AbstractThe widespread availability of large data-sets poses both an opportunity and a challenge to logic programming. A first approach is to couple a relational database with logic programming, say, a Prolog system with MySQL. While this approach does pay off in cases where the data cannot reside in main memory, it is known to introduce substantial overheads. Ideally, we would like the Prolog system to deal with large data-sets in an efficient way both in terms of memory and of processing time. Just In Time Indexing (JITI) was mainly motivated by this challenge, and can work quite well in many application.Exo-compilation, designed to deal with large tables, is a next step that achieves very interesting results, reducing the memory footprint over two thirds. We show that combining exo-compilation with Just In Time Indexing can have significant advantages both in terms of memory usage and in terms of execution time.An alternative path that is relevant for many applications is User-Defined Indexing (UDI). This allows the use of specialized indexing for specific applications, say the spatial indexing crucial to any spatial system. The UDI sees indexing as pluggable modules, and can naturally be combined with Exo-compilation. We do so by using UDI with exo-data, and incorporating ideas from the UDI into high-performance indexers for specific tasks.

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Cai, Lingtao. „Comparative Analysis the Super-Resolution Image Generation Performance Based on BigGAN and VQ-VAE-2“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 41 (30.03.2023): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v41i.6812.

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Super-resolution image reconstruction has always been a popular research direction in the field of computer vision, which aims to recover high-resolution clear images from low-resolution images. Traditional super-resolution reconstruction algorithms mainly rely on the construction of constraints and the accuracy of registration between images to achieve the reconstruction effect, but their accuracy cannot meet the needs of practical applications with large multiples. Thanks to the rapid development of deep learning field, super-resolution image reconstruction based on deep learning has become the mainstream, and has achieved great success in reconstruction accuracy and speed. According to the different generative models used, the existing super-resolution image reconstruction methods mainly include two categories: GAN-based and VAEs-based. To quantitatively compare the limits of the two approaches' performance, this study selects two representative algorithms, BigGAN and VQ-VAE-2, and introduces the theoretical details and training process of these two methods, respectively. Furthermore, the reconstruction results of BigGAN and VQ-VAE-2 are further compared. Finally, this paper discusses the future development trend of super-resolution picture reconstruction with the current potential problems of BigGAN and VQ-VAE-2.

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Hoermann, Henrike, Irena Krueger, Nadine Maurus, Friedrich Reusswig, Yi Sun, Christina Kohlmorgen, Maria Grandoch, Jens W. Fischer und Margitta Elvers. „The Proteoglycan Biglycan Modulates Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation in a GPVI-Dependent Manner“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 22 (10.11.2021): 12168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212168.

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Background: Vascular injury induces the exposure of subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) important to serve as substrate for platelets to adhere to the injured vessel wall to avoid massive blood loss. Different ECM proteins are known to initiate platelet adhesion and activation. In atherosclerotic mice, the small, leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan is important for the regulation of thrombin activity via heparin cofactor II. However, nothing is known about the role of biglycan for hemostasis and thrombosis under nonatherosclerotic conditions. Methods: The role of biglycan for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation was investigated using a recombinant protein and biglycan knockout mice. Results: The present study identified biglycan as important ECM protein for the adhesion and activation of platelets, and the formation of three-dimensional thrombi under flow conditions. Platelet adhesion to immobilized biglycan induces the reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, biglycan binds and activates the major collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI, because reduced platelet adhesion to recombinant biglycan was observed when GPVI was blocked and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in a GPVI-dependent manner was observed when platelets were stimulated with biglycan. In vivo, the deficiency of biglycan resulted in reduced platelet adhesion to the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times. Conclusions: Loss of biglycan in the vessel wall of mice but not in platelets led to reduced platelet adhesion at the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times, suggesting a crucial role for biglycan as ECM protein that binds and activates platelets via GPVI upon vessel injury.

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Wang, Bin, Guang-Xin Li, Shu-Guang Zhang, Quan Wang, Yu-Gang Wen, Hua-Mei Tang, Chong-Zhi Zhou et al. „Biglycan expression correlates with aggressiveness and poor prognosis of gastric cancer“. Experimental Biology and Medicine 236, Nr. 11 (November 2011): 1247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ebm.2011.011124.

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Biglycan, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, has been implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of biglycan expression in gastric cancer has not been determined. In the present study, biglycan mRNA and protein concentrations were analyzed using quantitative realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in 69 gastric cancer and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, respectively. Biglycan expression was further assessed using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays that contained 264 cases of gastric cancer, and others containing normal or metastasized lymph node tumor tissues. Biglycan was upregulated at the transcriptional and translational levels and there was a correlation between the expression of biglycan mRNA and protein ( P = 0.000, κ = 0.769). Over-expression of biglycan was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor (T) classification, metastasis (M) classification, vascular invasion and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage. Patients with biglycan-positive tumors had a significantly higher disease recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with biglycan-negative tumors after the radical surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that biglycan expression is an independent prognostic indicator for survival of patients with gastric cancer. The data from the current study demonstrate that elevated expression of biglycan may play an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer, and could be further evaluated as a biomarker for predication of a poor clinical outcome.

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Fairouz, Faiha, Rumana Rashid und Abdullah Abu Sayeed. „How Far Scientific is Snakebite Prevention and First Aid Treatment in School Textbook?“ Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 31, Nr. 1 (30.12.2019): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v31i1.44753.

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Background: Snakebite is an old health problem in rural areas. In Bangladesh, the snakebite issue is included in school syllabus, in curriculum since long time, so that people can take/get immediate first aid treatment and can prevent snakebite. The success of snakebite treatment depends more on providing first aid treatment immediately after snakebite by learning and by sending the patients quickly to hospital. Snakebite is a preventable health problem indeed. If it can be prevented the rate of snakebite will also decrease. In the recently published snake bite management Guideline by WHO it has been targeted to reduce 50% of mortality & disability due to snakebite by 2030.1 Methods: a. The snakebite topic or issue has been thoroughly reviewed in the secondary and higher secondary school books. b. National Guidelines on snakebite in providing/ giving first aid treatment has been reviewed.2 c. The correlation between the topic to learn the subject and the national guidelines have been reviewed and given taken into account. d. The similarity or correlation between the national guidelines and the topic in the prevention of snakebite in the book have been observed & reviewed. It was a descriptive/narrative research study. Results: In the book of class IV in Primary and Secondary level students, ‘Elementary Science, (‘Prathomiik Bigghan’) page no. 86 and in book of class VIII Home Science (‘Gharjhastha Biggan’) page no. 16 the Snakebite issue/topic is mentioned.2,3 There are 22 information on the first aid/primary treatment of Snakebite among which 5 (five) are nonscientific rather harmful. (Table & Picture) Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 39-40

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Nastase, Madalina V., Marian F. Young und Liliana Schaefer. „Biglycan“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 60, Nr. 12 (20.07.2012): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155412456380.

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Borg, Christian B., Nina Braun, Stephanie A. Heusser, Yasmin Bay, Daniel Weis, Iacopo Galleano, Camilla Lund et al. „Mechanism and site of action of big dynorphin on ASIC1a“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 13 (12.03.2020): 7447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919323117.

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Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that contribute to neurotransmission, as well as initiation of pain and neuronal death following ischemic stroke. As such, there is a great interest in understanding the in vivo regulation of ASICs, especially by endogenous neuropeptides that potently modulate ASICs. The most potent endogenous ASIC modulator known to date is the opioid neuropeptide big dynorphin (BigDyn). BigDyn is up-regulated in chronic pain and increases ASIC-mediated neuronal death during acidosis. Understanding the mechanism and site of action of BigDyn on ASICs could thus enable the rational design of compounds potentially useful in the treatment of pain and ischemic stroke. To this end, we employ a combination of electrophysiology, voltage-clamp fluorometry, synthetic BigDyn analogs, and noncanonical amino acid-mediated photocrosslinking. We demonstrate that BigDyn binding results in an ASIC1a closed resting conformation that is distinct from open and desensitized states induced by protons. Using alanine-substituted BigDyn analogs, we find that the BigDyn modulation of ASIC1a is primarily mediated through electrostatic interactions of basic amino acids in the BigDyn N terminus. Furthermore, neutralizing acidic amino acids in the ASIC1a extracellular domain reduces BigDyn effects, suggesting a binding site at the acidic pocket. This is confirmed by photocrosslinking using the noncanonical amino acid azidophenylalanine. Overall, our data define the mechanism of how BigDyn modulates ASIC1a, identify the acidic pocket as the binding site for BigDyn, and thus highlight this cavity as an important site for the development of ASIC-targeting therapeutics.

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Giatagana, Eirini-Maria, Aikaterini Berdiaki, Margrethe Gaardløs, Sergey A. Samsonov, George N. Tzanakakis und Dragana Nikitovic. „Biglycan Interacts with Type I Insulin-like Receptor (IGF-IR) Signaling Pathway to Regulate Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Response to Chemotherapy“. Cancers 14, Nr. 5 (25.02.2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14051196.

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Osteosarcoma (OS) is a mesenchymally derived, aggressive bone cancer. OS cells produce an aberrant nonmineralized or partly mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) whose components participate in signaling pathways connected to specific pathogenic phenotypes of this bone cancer. The expression of biglycan (BGN), a secreted small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), is correlated to aggressive OS phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy. A constitutive signaling of IGF-IR signaling input in sarcoma progression has been established. Here, we show that biglycan activates the IGF-IR signaling pathway to promote MG63 biglycan-secreting OS cell growth by forming a complex with the receptor. Computational models of IGF-IR and biglycan docking suggest that biglycan binds IGF-IR dimer via its concave surface. Our binding free energy calculations indicate the formation of a stable complex. Biglycan binding results in prolonged IGF-IR activation leading to protracted IGF-IR-dependent cell growth response of the poorly-differentiated MG63 cells. Moreover, biglycan facilitates the internalization (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001) and sumoylation-enhanced nuclear translocation of IGF-IR (p ≤ 0.05) and its DNA binding in MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.001). The tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor mediates this mechanism. Furthermore, biglycan downregulates the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene, PTEN (p ≤ 0.01), and increases the expression of endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aggressiveness markers vimentin (p ≤ 0.01) and fibronectin (p ≤ 0.01) in MG63 cells. Interestingly, this mechanism is not valid in moderately and well-differentiated, biglycan non-expressing U-2OS and Saos-2 OS cells. Furthermore, biglycan exhibits protective effects against the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, in MG63 OS cells (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, these data indicate a potential direct and adjunct therapeutical role of biglycan in osteosarcoma.

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Pinto, Filipe, Liliana Santos-Ferreira, Marta Pinto, Catarina Gomes und Celso Reis. „The Extracellular Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Biglycan Is a Key Player in Gastric Cancer Aggressiveness“. Cancers 13, Nr. 6 (16.03.2021): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061330.

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Biglycan (BGN gene), an extracellular proteoglycan, has been described to be associated with cancer aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical value of biglycan as a biomarker in multiple independent GC cohorts and determine the in vitro and in vivo role of biglycan in GC malignant features. We found that BGN is commonly over-expressed in all analyzed cohorts, being associated with disease relapse and poor prognosis in patients with advanced stages of disease. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that biglycan knock-out GC cells display major phenotypic changes with a lower cell survival, migration, and angiogenic potential when compared with biglycan expressing cells. Biglycan KO GC cells present increased levels of PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage and a decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. Importantly, biglycan deficient GC cells that were supplemented with exogenous biglycan were able to restore biological features, such as survival, clonogenic and migratory capacities. Our in vitro and in vivo findings were validated in human GC samples, where BGN expression was associated with several oncogenic gene signatures that were associated with apoptosis, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. This study provided new insights on biglycan role in GC that should be taken in consideration as a key cellular regulator with major impact in tumor progression and patients’ clinical outcome.

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Rodrigo, Manoj C., Douglas S. Martin und Kathleen M. Eyster. „Estrogen decreases biglycan mRNA expression in resistance blood vessels“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2003): R754—R761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00540.2002.

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This study was designed to identify new gene targets of estrogen in the mesenteric arteries and to determine whether the soy phytoestrogens could mimic estrogen effects. Ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol, genistein, or daidzein for 4 days. The mesenteric arteries were harvested, total RNA was extracted, mRNA was reverse transcribed in the presence of [33P]dCTP, and the labeled probes were hybridized with DNA microarrays. Analysis of the microarray data identified biglycan as a target of estrogenic regulation. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm and quantitate the decrease in biglycan gene expression in response to estrogen (-37%), genistein (-15%), and daidzein (-10%). Treatment with the pure estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182,780 reversed the inhibition of biglycan gene expression. The decrease in biglycan gene expression in response to estrogens was paralleled with a decrease in biglycan protein expression. Biglycan protein was localized to the media of the mesenteric arteries by immunohistochemistry. Collectively, these data suggest that biglycan is a vascular protein regulated at the genomic level by estrogens.

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Bedford, Richard. „Mobility in Melanesia: bigman bilong circulation“. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 40, Nr. 1 (April 1999): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8373.00077.

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Biglan, A. „Discussion by Albert W. Biglan, MD“. Ophthalmology 108, Nr. 2 (Februar 2001): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00564-9.

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Calmus, Megan L., Elyse E. Macksoud, Richard Tucker, Renato V. Iozzo und Beatrice E. Lechner. „A mouse model of spontaneous preterm birth based on the genetic ablation of biglycan and decorin“. REPRODUCTION 142, Nr. 1 (Juli 2011): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0387.

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Preterm premature rupture of membranes is responsible for one-third of preterm births. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes in humans. In particular, an EDS variant is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal secretion of biglycan and decorin, two small leucine-rich proteoglycans highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Because biglycan/decorin null mutant (Bgn−/−Dcn−/−) mice demonstrate phenotypic changes similar to EDS, we used this model to test whether either biglycan or decorin or both play a role in the attainment of successful term gestation. Wild-type biglycan null mutant, decorin null mutant, and biglycan/decorin null mutant pregnancies were assessed for the length of gestation, pup and placenta weight, and litter size. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure biglycan and decorin gene expression, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess protein expression in placenta and fetal membranes at embryonic days E12, E15, and E18.Bgn−/−Dcn−/−dams displayed preterm birth, whereas the possession of at least two biglycan or decorin wild-type alleles was protective of preterm birth. The number ofBgn−/−Dcn−/−pups was decreased at postnatal day P1 but not at E18. Biglycan and decorin were upregulated in the placenta in the absence of each other and were developmentally regulated in fetal membranes, suggesting that these two proteoglycans demonstrate genetic complementation and contribute to gestational success in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the biglycan/decorin null mutant mouse is a model of genetically induced preterm birth and perinatal loss. This model presents novel targets for preventive or therapeutic manipulation of preterm birth.

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Johnstone, B., M. Markopoulos, P. Neame und B. Caterson. „Identification and characterization of glycanated and non-glycanated forms of biglycan and decorin in the human intervertebral disc“. Biochemical Journal 292, Nr. 3 (15.06.1993): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2920661.

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Immunological studies revealed the presence of several different forms of biglycan and decorin in human intervertebral-disc tissues (annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and cartilage end-plate). In the young intervertebral disc, glycosaminoglycan-containing (glycanated) forms of both biglycan and decorin represented a greater proportion of the total proteoglycan population present in extracts of annulus fibrosus and cartilage end-plate compared with extracts of nucleus pulposus, in which they were barely detectable. In older discs the glycanated forms of biglycan and decorin represented only a small proportion of the total proteoglycan present. Immunochemical analyses with an antibody to chondroitin/dermatan sulphate isomers indicated differences in the glycosaminoglycans substituted on glycanated forms of small proteoglycans found in different disc tissues. Dermatan sulphate was the predominant glycosaminoglycan present on biglycan and decorin in annulus fibrosus extracts, whereas chondroitin 4-sulphate was present in both small proteoglycans isolated from cartilage end-plate. In addition, immunochemical analyses with antibodies against core protein epitopes identified two non-glycanated forms of both biglycan and decorin. These non-glycanated forms of the small proteoglycans were found in all three regions of the disc. The two nonglycanated forms of biglycan had estimated molecular masses of 37 and 41 kDa and those of decorin were 43 and 45 kDa, respectively. These non-glycanated forms of biglycan and decorin increased in proportion with aging. N-terminal sequence analysis indicated that the larger non-glycanated form of decorin was a degradation product of its glycanated precursor. However, no N-terminal sequence information was obtainable from the other non-glycanated form of decorin or the two non-glycanated forms of biglycan. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that some of the non-glycanated forms of decorin and biglycan are degradation products of native precursors. However, the possibility remains that several different post-translationally modified forms of decorin and biglycan are synthesized by intervertebral-disc tissues.

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Bowe, Mark A., Duane B. Mendis und Justin R. Fallon. „The Small Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteoglycan Biglycan Binds to α-Dystroglycan and Is Upregulated in Dystrophic Muscle“. Journal of Cell Biology 148, Nr. 4 (21.02.2000): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.4.801.

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The dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) is necessary for maintaining the integrity of the muscle cell plasma membrane and may also play a role in coordinating signaling events at the cell surface. The α-/β-dystroglycan subcomplex of the DAPC forms a critical link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. A ligand blot overlay assay was used to search for novel dystroglycan binding partners in postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric organ. An ∼125-kD dystroglycan-binding polypeptide was purified and shown by peptide microsequencing to be the Torpedo ortholog of the small leucine-rich repeat chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biglycan. Biglycan binding to α-dystroglycan was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation with both native and recombinant α-dystroglycan. The biglycan binding site was mapped to the COOH-terminal third of α-dystroglycan. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan is not necessary for this interaction, but binding is dependent upon the chondroitin sulfate side chains of biglycan. In muscle, biglycan is detected at both synaptic and nonsynaptic regions. Finally, biglycan expression is elevated in muscle from the dystrophic mdx mouse. These findings reveal a novel binding partner for α-dystroglycan and demonstrate a novel avenue for interaction of the DAPC and the extracellular matrix. These results also raise the possibility of a role for biglycan in the pathogenesis, and perhaps the treatment, of muscular dystrophy.

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Cornford, Stan. „Biggin again??“ Weather 60, Nr. 9 (01.09.2005): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/wea.83.05.

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ROUGHLEY, Peter J., Robert J. WHITE und John S. MORT. „Presence of pro-forms of decorin and biglycan in human articular cartilage“. Biochemical Journal 318, Nr. 3 (15.09.1996): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3180779.

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The proteoglycans decorin and biglycan in extracts of human articular cartilage were analysed by SDS/PAGE and immunoblotting, using antisera raised to peptide sequences present in the pro-regions and the mature core proteins. In adult cartilage, both pro-forms and mature processed forms of the proteoglycan core protein were observed for both decorin and biglycan. In the case of biglycan, it was also shown that additional proteolytic processing takes place after removal of the propeptide and that this accounts for the presence of non-glycanated forms of the molecule. For both decorin and biglycan, the relative abundance of the pro-forms was much less in the juvenile than the adult. Different adult connective tissues, including meniscus, tendon and intervertebral disc were also examined for the presence of pro-forms of the proteoglycans. While the mature form of decorin was present at a similar level in extracts of all tissues examined, the pro-form was only detected in the articular cartilage. In the case of biglycan, the abundance of the mature form was more varied, with high levels in articular cartilage, intermediate levels in meniscus and the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, low levels in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, and non-detectable levels in the patellar tendon. The pro-form of biglycan was detected in the disc tissue extracts, albeit at a lower level than in articular cartilage, but was not detected in the meniscus or tendon. The proportion of the pro-form relative to the mature form of biglycan was, however, higher in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc than in articular cartilage. Thus, the persistence of pro-forms of both decorin and biglycan is a feature of the extracellular matrix of some connective tissues, although their abundance is both tissue-and age-dependent, with adult articular cartilage being a particularly rich source.

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Lee, Hanon, Jiyeong Lim, Jang-Hee Oh, Soyun Cho und Jin Ho Chung. „IGF-1 Upregulates Biglycan and Decorin by Increasing Translation and Reducing ADAMTS5 Expression“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 3 (30.01.2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031403.

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Proteoglycan (PG) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-conjugated protein essential for maintaining tissue strength and elasticity. The most abundant skin PGs, biglycan and decorin, have been reported to decrease as skin ages. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is important in various physiological functions such as cell survival, growth, and apoptosis. It is well known that the serum level of IGF-1 decreases with age. Therefore, we investigated whether and how IGF-1 affects biglycan and decorin. When primary cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were treated with IGF-1, protein levels of biglycan and decorin increased, despite no difference in mRNA expression. This increase was not inhibited by transcription blockade using actinomycin D, suggesting that it is mediated by IGF-1-induced enhanced translation. Additionally, both mRNA and protein expression of ADAMTS5, a PG-degrading enzyme, were decreased in IGF-1-treated NHDFs. Knockdown of ADAMTS5 via RNA interference increased protein expression of biglycan and decorin. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression of ADAMTS5 increased in aged human skin tissues compared to young tissue. Overall, IGF-1 increases biglycan and decorin, which is achieved by improving protein translation to increase synthesis and preventing ADAMTS5-mediated degradation. This suggests a new role of IGF-1 as a regulator for biglycan and decorin in skin aging process.

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Barth, Mareike, Jessica I. Selig, Svenja Klose, Antje Schomakers, Lena S. Kiene, Silja Raschke, Udo Boeken, Payam Akhyari, Jens W. Fischer und Artur Lichtenberg. „Degenerative aortic valve disease and diabetes: Implications for a link between proteoglycans and diabetic disorders in the aortic valve“. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, Nr. 3 (19.12.2018): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118817922.

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Degenerative aortic valve disease in combination with diabetes is an increasing burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that particularly small leucine-rich proteoglycans are involved in the development of degenerative aortic valve disease. Nevertheless, the role of these molecules in this disease in the course of diabetes has not been elucidated in detail and previous studies remain controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to broaden the knowledge about small leucine-rich proteoglycans in degenerative aortic valve disease and the influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on aortic valves and valvular interstitial cells is examined. Analyses were performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, (immuno)histology and colorimetric assays. We could show that biglycan, but not decorin and lumican, is upregulated in degenerated human aortic valve cusps. Subgroup analysis reveals that upregulation of biglycan is stage-dependent. In vivo, loss of biglycan leads to stage-dependent calcification and also to migratory effects on interstitial cells within the extracellular matrix. In late stages of degenerative aortic valve disease, diabetes increases the expression of biglycan in aortic valves. In vitro, the combinations of hyperglycaemic with pro-degenerative conditions lead to an upregulation of biglycan. In conclusion, biglycan represents a potential link between degenerative aortic valve disease and diabetes.

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Huang, Hongpei. „Data augmentation by using gans and image transformation in facial emotion classification“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2580, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2580/1/012003.

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Abstract We propose different approach combinations including GANs and image transformation in facial emotion classification especially for FER-2013 dataset. Our goal is not to reach the highest accuracy for this dataset, but to compare and verify the data augmentation effects for several main GAN methods such as Vanilla GAN, CGAN, DCGAN and BiGAN. We used these GAN models to generate fake images and put them to our train dataset. And the data together was through image transformation to train in the CNN model that we designed to perform facial emotion classification. Base on the result when we used some GANs (BiGAN/DCGAN) and image transformation, the accuracy of the model indeed has been improved. The best combination data augmentation approaches in this paper are using image transformation and DCGAN.

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Saha, Arka, Sanith Cheriyamundath, Anmol Kumar, Nancy Gavert, Thomas Brabletz und Avri Ben-Ze’ev. „A Necessary Role for Increased Biglycan Expression during L1-Mediated Colon Cancer Progression“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 1 (31.12.2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010445.

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Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downstream β-catenin-TCF target genes is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We identified the immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion receptor L1CAM (L1) as a target of β-catenin-TCF transactivation in CRC cells. Overexpression of L1 in CRC cells confers enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis, and L1 is exclusively localized at invasive areas of human CRC tissue. Several genes are induced after L1 transfection into CRC cells by a mechanism involving the L1-ezrin-NF-κB pathway. We conducted a secretomic analysis of the proteins in the culture medium of L1-overexpressing CRC cells. We detected a highly increased level of biglycan, a small leucine-rich ECM component, and a signaling molecule. We found that induction of biglycan is required for the cellular processes conferred by L1, including enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. The suppression of endogenous biglycan levels or a point mutation in the L1 ectodomain that regulates cell–cell adhesion mediated by L1 blocked the enhanced tumorigenic properties conferred by L1. The mechanism of biglycan induction by L1 involves the L1-NF-κB pathway. Blocking NF-κB signaling in L1 expressing cells suppressed the induction of biglycan and the tumorigenic properties conferred by L1. Biglycan expression was undetectable in the normal colonic mucosa, but expressed at highly increased levels in the tumor tissue, especially in the stroma. The therapeutic strategies to target biglycan expression might provide a useful approach for CRC treatment in L1-overexpressing tumors.

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Valgaeren, B., J. Malgorzata, N. Broekaert, M. Devreese und S. Croubels. „Vraag & Antwoord“. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 84, Nr. 4 (30.08.2015): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v84i4.16599.

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Baker, R. J. „Oslo and Biggar spring wheats respond differently to controlled temperature and moisture stress“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, Nr. 3 (01.07.1996): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-073.

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In studying the inconsistent field performance of Oslo spring wheat, Oslo and Biggar were exposed to controlled levels of temperature and moisture stress in growth chamber experiments. Plants were started under low stress with day/night temperatures of 18/10 °C and watering to 90% of plant-available water. From 30 d after planting to maturity, temperature and/or moisture stress were applied to one-half of the material by raising day/night temperatures to 30/18 °C and watering to approximately 30% of plant available water every 3–4 d. Biggar produced greater root dry matter than Oslo under low temperatures but less under high temperature stress. Moisture stress caused a relatively greater decrease in kernel production in Biggar than in Oslo Although temperature stress reduced seed set relatively more in Oslo than in Biggar, Oslo was better able to compensate through the grain-filling period. The change in rank of grain yield per plant with increasing levels of stress indicates that Oslo was more tolerant to stress than Biggar. Key words: Temperature stress, moisture stress, spring wheat, Triticum aestivum.

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Kolb, Martin, Peter J. Margetts, Patricia J. Sime und Jack Gauldie. „Proteoglycans decorin and biglycan differentially modulate TGF-β-mediated fibrotic responses in the lung“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, Nr. 6 (01.06.2001): L1327—L1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.l1327.

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Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and pharmacological interference with TGF-β can ameliorate the fibrotic tissue response. The small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan are able to bind and inhibit TGF-β activity in vitro. Although decorin has anti-TGF-β properties in vivo, little is known about the physiological role of biglycan in vivo. Adenoviral gene transfer was used to overexpress active TGF-β, decorin, and biglycan in cell culture and in murine lungs. Both proteoglycans were able to interfere with TGF-β bioactivity in vitro in a dose-dependant manner. In vivo, overexpression of TGF-β resulted in marked lung fibrosis, which was significantly reduced by concomitant overexpression of decorin. Biglycan, however, had no significant effect on lung fibrosis induced by TGF-β. The data suggest that differences in tissue distribution are responsible for the different effects on TGF-β bioactivity in vivo, indicating that decorin, but not biglycan, has potential therapeutic value in fibrotic disorders of the lung.

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Shill, Gregory H. „The puzzle and persistence of biglaw clustering“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 23, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2022-0008.

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Abstract Elite U.S.-based global law firms (“Biglaw” firms) concentrate in the costliest districts of superstar cities, especially two neighborhoods in Manhattan. This pattern has persisted despite both the dispersal of Biglaw clients across less-dense, lower-cost U.S. geographies and the development of telework capacity. It suggests a puzzle: law is among the occupations most conducive to remote work, yet Biglaw prior to the coronavirus pandemic required in-person work in the priciest places—meaning it paid (and continues to pay) a premium on both of its biggest expenses, wages and real estate. How might this equilibrium be explained, and what might lead it to change? This Article contends that Biglaw clustering reflects a management preference for the exploitation of proven strategies over the exploration of novel and uncertain ones—but that the pandemic telework experience is eroding this dichotomy. This analysis has direct implications for private international law (“PIL”) practice, where large-scale transactions and disputes are handled by Biglaw firms and involve significant international travel. This Article contributes to a growing literature on telework’s impacts on cities, labor markets, and industries, and is the first to extend that focus to Biglaw and PIL. A post-pandemic Biglaw embrace of dispersal via telework would destabilize standard accounts of collaboration in agglomeration economies. While the Article expresses skepticism about that outcome, it identifies a mechanism by which it might plausibly come about. Crucially, this mechanism—the replacement of an exploit vs. explore choice with two different exploit options—posits as the key driver not technology but management learning and innovation that quickened during the pandemic.

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Nakamura, Toshifumi, Benjamin Bonnard, Roberto Palacios-Ramirez, Amaya Fernández-Celis, Frédéric Jaisser und Natalia López-Andrés. „Biglycan Is a Novel Mineralocorticoid Receptor Target Involved in Aldosterone/Salt-Induced Glomerular Injury“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 12 (15.06.2022): 6680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126680.

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The beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs) for various kidney diseases are established. However, the underlying mechanisms of kidney injury induced by MR activation remain to be elucidated. We recently reported aldosterone-induced enhancement of proteoglycan expression in mitral valve interstitial cells and its association with fibromyxomatous valvular disorder. As the expression of certain proteoglycans is elevated in several kidney diseases, we hypothesized that proteoglycans mediate kidney injury in the context of aldosterone/MR pathway activation. We evaluated the proteoglycan expression and tissue injury in the kidney and isolated glomeruli of uninephrectomy/aldosterone/salt (NAS) mice. The MRA eplerenone was administered to assess the role of the MR pathway. We investigated the direct effects of biglycan, one of the proteoglycans, on macrophages using isolated macrophages. The kidney samples from NAS-treated mice showed enhanced fibrosis and increased expression of biglycan accompanying glomerular macrophage infiltration and enhanced expression of TNF-α, iNOS, Nox2, CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3), and phosphorylated NF-κB. Eplerenone blunted these changes. Purified biglycan stimulated macrophages to express TNF-α, iNOS, Nox2, and CCL3. This was prevented by a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or NF-κB inhibitor, indicating that biglycan stimulation is dependent on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. We identified the proteoglycan biglycan as a novel target of MR involved in MR-induced glomerular injury and macrophage infiltration via a biglycan/TLR4/NF-κB/CCL3 cascade.

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Kram, Vardit, Reut Shainer, Priyam Jani, Josephina A. N. Meester, Bart Loeys und Marian F. Young. „Biglycan in the Skeleton“. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 68, Nr. 11 (06.07.2020): 747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155420937371.

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Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including Biglycan, have key roles in many organ and tissue systems. The goal of this article is to review the function of Biglycan and other related SLRPs in mineralizing tissues of the skeleton. The review is divided into sections that include Biglycan’s role in structural biology, signaling, craniofacial and long bone homeostasis, remodeled skeletal tissues, and in human genetics. While many cell types in the skeleton are now known to be affected by Biglycan, there are still unanswered questions about its mechanism of action(s).

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Mennella, Jenna M., Lori A. Underhill, Sophia Collis, Geralyn M. Lambert-Messerlian, Richard Tucker und Beatrice E. Lechner. „Serum Decorin, Biglycan, and Extracellular Matrix Component Expression in Preterm Birth“. Reproductive Sciences 28, Nr. 1 (17.08.2020): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00251-1.

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AbstractPreterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Decorin and biglycan are proteoglycans that play key roles in maintaining the connective tissue matrix and tensile strength of human fetal membranes and have been previously linked to PPROM. Extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2), and collagen VI (COL-6), have also been linked to PPROM and may have utility in a serum-based screening model for this condition. To define the natural course of serum decorin and biglycan expression throughout the duration of healthy pregnancy, to explore patterns of serum decorin and biglycan expression in serum of asymptomatic women who go on to develop spontaneous preterm labor, and to investigate the potential role for matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and collagen VI in a serum-based screening model to predict PPROM. Serum decorin level decreases less than 1% per week, and serum biglycan decreases by 2.9% per week over the duration of healthy pregnancy. Serum decorin and biglycan concentrations do not differ in spontaneous preterm labor cases compared with those in controls. Mean concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and COL-6 do not differ in PPROM cases compared with those in controls. We have demonstrated that serum decorin and biglycan concentrations remain stable throughout the duration of normal pregnancy and are not early indicators of preterm labor, while common MMPs, TIMPs, and collagen VI are not early indicators of PPROM.

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Nowosad, Sławomir. „Nigel Biggar. In Defence of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. XI +361“. Roczniki Teologiczne 64, Nr. 3 (2017): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt.2017.64.3-11en.

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Bianco, P., L. W. Fisher, M. F. Young, J. D. Termine und P. G. Robey. „Expression and localization of the two small proteoglycans biglycan and decorin in developing human skeletal and non-skeletal tissues.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, Nr. 11 (November 1990): 1549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.11.2212616.

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The messenger RNAs and core proteins of the two small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, were localized in developing human bone and other tissues by both 35S-labeled RNA probes and antibodies directed against synthetic peptides corresponding to nonhomologous regions of the two core proteins. Biglycan and decorin expression and localization were substantially divergent and sometimes mutually exclusive. In developing bones, spatially restricted patterns of gene expression and/or matrix localization of the two proteoglycans were identified in articular regions, epiphyseal cartilage, vascular canals, subperichondral regions, and periosteum, and indicated the association of each molecule with specific developmental events at specific sites. Study of non-skeletal tissues revealed that decorin was associated with all major type I (and type II) collagen-rich connective tissues. Conversely, biglycan was expressed and localized in a range of specialized cell types, including connective tissue (skeletal myofibers, endothelial cells) and epithelial cells (differentiating keratinocytes, renal tubular epithelia). Biglycan core protein was localized at the cell surface of certain cell types (e.g., keratinocytes). Whereas the distribution of decorin was consistent with matrix-centered functions, possibly related to regulation of growth of collagen fibers, the distribution of biglycan pointed to other function(s), perhaps related to cell regulation.

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Wiberg, Charlotte, Dick Heinegård, Christina Wenglén, Rupert Timpl und Matthias Mörgelin. „Biglycan Organizes Collagen VI into Hexagonal-like Networks Resembling Tissue Structures“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, Nr. 51 (26.09.2002): 49120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m206891200.

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The ability of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins biglycan, decorin, and chondroadherin to interact with collagen VI and influence its assembly to supramolecular structures was studied by electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements in the BIAcore 2000 system. Biglycan showed a unique ability to organize collagen VI into extensive hexagonal-like networks over a time period of only a few minutes. Only the intact molecule, substituted with two dermatan sulfate chains, had this capacity. Intact decorin, with one dermatan sulfate chain only, was considerably less efficient, and aggregates of organized collagen VI were found only after several hours. Chondroadherin without glycosaminoglycan substitutions did not induce any ordered collagen VI organization. However, all three related LRR proteins were shown to interact with collagen VI using electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Biglycan and decorin were exclusively found close to the N-terminal parts of the collagen VI tetramers, whereas chondroadherin was shown to bind close to both the N- and C-terminal parts of collagen VI. In the formed hexagonal networks, biglycan was localized to the intra-network junctions of the collagen VI filaments. This was demonstrated by electron microscopy after negative staining of gold-labeled biglycan in aggregation experiments with collagen VI.

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Van den Hof, J., J. Beek, K. Chiers und D. Maes. „Risicofactoren voor oorhematomen bij biggen“. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 83, Nr. 3 (27.06.2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v83i3.16650.

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In deze studie werd het voorkomen van oorhematomen bij gespeende biggen onderzocht en werd nagegaan of het voorkomen gerelateerd was aan bepaalde risicofactoren. In totaal werden vijf opeenvolgende groepen biggen (n=10.657) binnen een bedrijf onderzocht vanaf het spenen (drie weken) tot het einde van de biggenbatterij (tien weken). De gemiddelde incidentie per groep bedroeg 2,3%, variërend van 1,3% tot 2,9%. Bij bargen was de incidentie 2,1%, bij zeugen 2,5% (P > 0,05). De incidentie bij biggen van eersteworpszeugen bedroeg 0,92%, bij biggen van meerdereworpszeugen was dit 2,45% (P < 0,001). De meeste nieuwe gevallen traden vier à vijf weken na het spenen op. Het risico op het ontstaan van een oorhematoom was ruim tweemaal groter langs de zijde waar een oormerk aanwezig was (RR = 2,28 [1,74 – 2,98]). Verder onderzoek, bij voorkeur op meerdere bedrijven, is wenselijk om de resultaten te bevestigen en/of te verklaren en om de controlemaatregelen te optimaliseren.

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Amata Fami, Sri Yusrina, Athallah Yacob Asy'ari und Irma RG Barus. „Pengaruh Pemilihan Palet Warna Dalam E-Book Terhadap Representasi Identitas Desa Bigaran, Borobudur“. SENIMAN: Jurnal Publikasi Desain Komunikasi Visual 2, Nr. 1 (15.12.2023): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59581/seniman-widyakarya.v2i1.2167.

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This study employs Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic semiotic theory analysis and utilizes quantitative regression analysis to investigate the impact of color palette selection in e-books on representing the identity of Bigaran Village in Borobudur. Involving 50 respondents with a valid and reliable questionnaire, the research establishes a significant relationship between color palette selection and the perception of the village's identity. With a correlation coefficient of 0.792 and a determination coefficient of 62.76%, the study indicates a robust contribution in understanding how colors influence users' perception of Bigaran Village's identity. In other words, the brown color palette is considered successful in representing the identity of Bigaran Village, serving as an effective representamen. The main findings reveal a positive and significant association between color palette selection in e-books and the representation of Bigaran Village's identity. Consequently, this research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of color in representing village identity in e-books.

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Fretter, William. „Robert Bigham Brode“. Physics Today 39, Nr. 11 (November 1986): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2815222.

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Fulmer, Tim. „Biglycan meets utrophin“. Science-Business eXchange 4, Nr. 5 (Februar 2011): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scibx.2011.122.

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Mirzaei, Reza, Charlotte D’Mello, Marina Liu, Ana Nikolic, Mehul Kumar, Frank Visser, Pinaki Bose, Marco Gallo und Wee Yong. „Abstract 2435: Single cell spatial analysis identifies regulators of brain tumor initiating cells“. Cancer Research 83, Nr. 7_Supplement (04.04.2023): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2435.

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Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive brain tumors with extensive intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics and single-cell ATAC-seq to dissect the transcriptome of distinct anatomical regions of the tumor microenvironment. We identified numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including biglycan elevated in areas infiltrated with brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the ECM molecules were differentially expressed by cells including injury response versus developmental BTICs. Exogeneous biglycan or overexpression of biglycan resulted in a higher proliferation rate of BTICs, and this was associated mechanistically with LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) binding and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biglycan-overexpressing BTICs grew to a larger tumor mass and higher mesenchymal phenotypes when implanted intracranially in mice. This study points to the spatial heterogeneity of ECM molecules in the GBM microenvironment and suggests biglycan-LRP6 axis as a therapeutic target to curb GBM growth. Citation Format: Reza Mirzaei, Charlotte D’Mello, Marina Liu, Ana Nikolic, Mehul Kumar, Frank Visser, Pinaki Bose, Marco Gallo, Wee Yong. Single cell spatial analysis identifies regulators of brain tumor initiating cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2435.

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Yamada, T., Y. Ono, I. Lee, T. Ikeda und M. Takagi. „Light and Electron Microscope Immunohistochemical Localization of Decorin and Biglycan in Osteoblasts and Early Bone Matrix of Developing Rat Bone.“ Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600007832.

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Decorin and biglycan are the predominant proteoglycans (PGs) isolated from bone of several animal species. Previous light microscope (LM) immunohistochemical studies of fetal human bone demonstrated that osteoid and osteoblasts reacted with both biglycan and decorin antibodies, but min-eralized matrix did not; however, the precise distribution of immunostaining was not examined at the electron microscope (EM) level. The present study examines LM and EM immunolocalization of decorin and biglycan in osteoblasts and early bone matrix of developing mandible of fetal rats, using polyclonal antibodies (LF113, LF106) directed against synthetic peptides corresponding to nonho-mologous regions of the two core proteins.Fetuses were collected at embryonic day 15-18 from pregnant Wistar rats. After aldehyde fixation, developing jaws with and without osmium post-fixation were dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin, Spurr's resin, or LR gold resin for morphological and immunohistochemical observations. Sections cut from paraffin- or LR gold resin-embedded specimens were immunostained with LF113 specific for rat decorin or LF106 specific for rat biglycan, which were kindly provided by Dr. L.W. Fisher, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Maryland.

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Hildebrand, A., M. Romarís, L. M. Rasmussen, D. Heinegård, D. R. Twardzik, W. A. Border und E. Ruoslahti. „Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor β“. Biochemical Journal 302, Nr. 2 (01.09.1994): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020527.

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We have analysed the interactions of three proteoglycans of the decorin family, decorin, biglycan and fibromodulin, with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). The proteoglycan core proteins, expressed from human cDNAs as fusion proteins with Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein, each bound TGF-beta 1. They showed only negligible binding to several other growth factors. Intact decorin, biglycan and fibromodulin isolated from bovine tissues competed with the fusion proteins for the TGF-beta binding. Affinity measurements suggest a two-site binding model with Kd values ranging from 1 to 20 nM for a high-affinity binding site and 50 to 200 nM for the lower-affinity binding site. The stoichiometry indicated that the high-affinity binding site was present in one of ten proteoglycan core molecules and that each molecule contained a low-affinity binding site. Tissue-derived biglycan and decorin were less effective competitors for TGF-beta binding than fibromodulin or the non-glycosylated fusion proteins; removal of the chondroitin/dermatan sulphate chains of decorin and biglycan (fibromodulin is a keratan sulphate proteoglycan) increased the activities of decorin and biglycan, suggesting that the glycosaminoglycan chains may hinder the interaction of the core proteins with TGF-beta. The fusion proteins competed for the binding of radiolabelled TGF-beta to Mv 1 Lu cells and endothelial cells. Affinity labelling showed that the binding of TGF-beta to betaglycan and the type-I receptors in Mv 1 Lu cells and to endoglin in endothelial cells was reduced, but the binding to the type-II receptors was unaffected. TGF-beta 2 and 3 also bound to all three fusion proteins. Latent recombinant TGF-beta 1 precursor bound slightly to fibromodulin and not at all to decorin and biglycan. The results show that the three decorin-type proteoglycans each bind TGF-beta isoforms and that slight differences exist in their binding properties. They may regulate TGF-beta activities by sequestering TGF-beta into extracellular matrix.

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DePauw, R. M., K. R. Preston, T. F. Townley-Smith, E. A. Hurd, G. E. McCrystal und C. W. B. Lendrum. „Biggar red spring wheat“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, Nr. 2 (01.04.1991): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-073.

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Biggar red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield potential with semidwarf stature and wide adaptation. Biggar has improved end-use suitability relative to HY320 such as harder kernels, better flour milling properties, greater water absorption, and stronger gluten properties. It received registration No. 3089 and is eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (red). Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), high yield, cultivar description

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Sutter, Meg. „How to Create Nurturing Environments With Anthony Biglan, PhD“. Eye on Psi Chi Magazine 23, Nr. 1 (2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2164-9812.eye23.1.32.

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Dixe, Sandra, João Leite, Jaime C. Fonseca und João Borges. „BigGAN evaluation for the generation of vehicle interior images“. Procedia Computer Science 204 (2022): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.08.067.

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Malaney, Gary D. „Characteristics of graduate students in Biglan areas of study“. Research in Higher Education 25, Nr. 4 (1986): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00992129.

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Kaplan, M. Oguz, und S. Emre Alptekin. „An improved BiGAN based approach for anomaly detection“. Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.08.020.

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Thomas, J. B., R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, E. Czarnecki, A. B. Campbell, J. Nielsen, R. I. H. McKenzie, K. J. Degenhardt und R. J. Morrison. „AC Foremost red spring wheat“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, Nr. 4 (01.10.1997): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-194.

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AC Foremost, red-seeded spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), combines high grain yield with resistance to prevalent races of common bunt (caused by Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.), and loose smut except T9 (caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr. in a semidwarf, photoperiod insensitive background. AC Foremost has improved pre-harvest sprouting tolerance compared with Biggar, AC Taber, and Genesis; improved resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita Roberg ex Desmaz.) and leaf spots (caused by Septoria spp. and Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.) Drechs.) compared with Neepawa and Biggar, and earlier maturity compared with Biggar, AC Taber, and Genesis. AC Foremost is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (Red) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, loose smut resistance, common bunt resistance, high yield, red spring wheat

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Anonymous. „Plumbing the BigGin Greenland“. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 68, Nr. 35 (1987): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo068i035p00725-01.

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Preußner, Christian. „Pulverlack-Verwertung ohne Bigbag“. JOT Journal für Oberflächentechnik 54, Nr. 5 (April 2014): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35144-014-0225-y.

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