Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Best weed strains“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Best weed strains.
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Best weed strains" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Gajić-Umiljendić, Jelena, Marija Sarić-Krsmanović, Ljiljana Radivojević und Ljiljana Šantrić. „Allelopathic potential of actinobacteria for weed control“. Biljni lekar 50, Nr. 2 (2022): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2202118g.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In laboratory conditions 10 actinobacteria strains were screened for germination and seedling growth of maize and Johnson grass. Primary inoculum of actiobacteria were grown in starch casein broth for 7 days in a shaking incubator. Ten seeds from both species, were placed inside sterile Petri dishes and moinsted with 5ml of the culture filtrate of actinobacteria and incubated at 26°C. After the period of 7 days, the percentage of germination was calculated and coleoptile and radicle length were measured. Suspensions of all 10 actinobacteria strains had an effect on seed germination and early seedling growth of maize and Johnson grass. The A18 strain proved to be the best candidate for further testing because the inhibitions for maize were less than 35% and for Johnson grass they were higher than 90%.
2
Poonkodi, Kathirvel, und Subban Ravi. „Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra“. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, Nr. 2 (19.03.2016): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i2.24666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>
3
López, Ernesto, Enrique Becerra, Arturo Durán, Octavio Cano, Guillermo Fraire, Valentín Esqueda und Dora Ortega. „Logros obtenidos en la investigación sobre el cultivo del frijol del proyecto CONACYT-TIPP-FRUOL en el sureste de México.“ Agronomía Mesoamericana 9, Nr. 2 (30.05.2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v9i2.20118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A project supported by the National Council of Science and Technology was carried out in Southeast Mexico between 1991 and 1993. The project's goal was to generate new technologies for bean crops. Results can be summarized as follows: (a) three inbred varieties were released (Negro Cotaxtla- 91, Negro Inifap and Negro Tacana) for the states of Veracruz, Chiapas, and for the Southeast region respectively; (b) foliar fertilization (Urea concentrated at 1.75%) as an agronomic technology was applied; (c) the best Rhizobium strains for the bean varieties in the state of Veracruz were found; (d) mechanical and chemical control for the main weed species was implemented; (e) main diseases and their distribution and control practices were also implemented; (f) the technological quality of the new varieties and their performance under different storage conditions was determined; and, (g) a program to train farmers was implemented in order to increase use of new varieties.
4
Abdullahi, Wajiha M., Mahamadi Dianda, Ousmane Boukar, Ibnou Dieng, Gaya S. Mohammed, Nouhoun Belko, Abou Togola et al. „Integrated management of Striga gesnerioides in cowpea using resistant varieties, improved crop nutrition and rhizobium inoculants“. Plant and Soil 473, Nr. 1-2 (19.01.2022): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05295-7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Background Cowpea is a grain legume of major importance in sub-Saharan Africa where it is cultivated by smallholder farmers on poor soils and production is often constrained by the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. Method Experiments were conducted to assess the potential of rhizobium inoculation to mitigate Striga infection and increase cowpea productivity. We infested soils with S. gesnerioides and assessed the impact of treatments combining cowpea genotypes and bradyrhizobium inoculation on Striga dynamics and cowpea yield. In total, 20 cowpea genotypes were included, of which nine were resistant to Striga and 11 were susceptible. In the first experiment these were factorially combined with three inoculation options (two bradyrhizobium strains USDA3384 and IRJ2180A, and uninoculated control) in a screen-house using potted sterile soils. Second, the same trial was repeated in the field with basal phosphorus applied at sowing and a fourth treatment of fertilizer-N (urea) included testing whether N was limiting cowpea growth. The field trial also included a separate treatment with no input that served as a negative check. Result Significant genotype x treatment interactions were observed in nodule counts, Striga attachment, emergence, and cowpea shoot growth in the screen-house. There were few nodules across all cowpea lines. Striga counts were the lowest for resistant varieties with no emerged plants. Rhizobial inoculants depressed Striga counts with consistent differences across cowpea genotypes. Inoculation with IRJ2180A performed the best against Striga attachment in resistant genotypes, and against Striga emergence in susceptible genotypes. In the field trial, cowpea grown without inputs had the least number of nodules. The genotype x treatment interaction was significant: resistant cowpea genotypes were free of emerged Striga while there was much more Striga emergence without input addition with susceptible genotypes. A significant genotype x treatment interaction was observed on cowpea grain yield. Yield response to inoculation was clearest with resistant genotypes inoculated with the strain IRJ2180A. Conclusion The integrated use of Striga-resistant cowpea lines, basal phosphorus fertilizer and elite bradyrhizobium inoculants is a promising approach to mitigate Striga infection and increase cowpea productivity.
5
West, R. J., und T. C. Vrain. „NEMATODE CONTROL OF BLACK ARMY CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS“. Canadian Entomologist 129, Nr. 2 (April 1997): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129229-2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractFour steinernematid strains, Steinernema carpocapsae All strain, S. carpocapsae Umeå strain, S. feltiae Lie strain, and S. feltiae strain 27, were evaluated in laboratory and field tests as potential agents for the control of the black army cutworm, Actebia fennica (Tauscher). Although each of the six instars was susceptible to attack, incidences of infection were highest and generally over 60% for the third, fourth, and fifth instars when exposed to 100 infective juvenile nematodes in petri dishes. Fifth-instar larvae exposed for 1 week to soil containing 4000 infective juveniles in a 1:1:1 mixture of the L1c, All, and Umeå strains were most frequently infected with the L1c strain when reared at 10 and 12 °C and with the All strain when reared at 14 and 16 °C. One hundred thousand infective juveniles of the L1c, All, and Umeå strains and strain 27, alone and in various combinations, and applied by either a spray or soil-plug inoculation, killed black army cutworm larvae caged in the field for 1 week with treated black spruce seedlings and provided protection of current and 1 -year-old foliage. Treatments that included strain 27 provided the best protection when daily mean soil temperatures were 7–11 °C in comparison to treatments that included the Umeå or All strains, whereas treatments that included the All strain as a component appeared to be more effective than treatments containing the L1c and Umeå strains when daily mean soil temperatures were 16–17 °C.
6
Jabir, Brahim, Noureddine Falih, Asmaa Sarih und Adil Tannouche. „A Strategic Analytics Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Weed Identification in Sugar Beet Fields“. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Researchers in precision agriculture regularly use deep learning that will help growers and farmers control and monitor crops during the growing season; these tools help to extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images received from the field using several techniques in order to create a strategic analytics for making a decision. The information result of the operation could be exploited for many reasons, such as sub-plot specific weed control. Our focus in this paper is on weed identification and control in sugar beet fields, particularly the creation and optimization of a Convolutional Neural Networks model and train it according to our data set to predict and identify the most popular weed strains in the region of Beni Mellal, Morocco. All that could help select herbicides that work on the identified weeds, we explore the way of transfer learning approach to design the networks, and the famous library Tensorflow for deep learning models, and Keras which is a high-level API built on Tensorflow.
7
Nielsen, Tommy Harder, und Jan Sørensen. „Production of Cyclic Lipopeptides by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains in Bulk Soil and in the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, Nr. 2 (Februar 2003): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.861-868.2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRACT The production of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antifungal and biosurfactant properties by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains was investigated in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. Purified CLPs (viscosinamide, tensin, and amphisin) were first shown to remain highly stable and extractable (90%) when applied (ca. 5 μg g−1) to sterile soil, whereas all three compounds were degraded over 1 to 3 weeks in nonsterile soil. When a whole-cell inoculum of P. fluorescens strain DR54 containing a cell-bound pool of viscosinamide was added to the nonsterile soil, declining CLP concentrations were observed over a week. By comparison, addition of the strains 96.578 and DSS73 without cell-bound CLP pools did not result in detectable tensin or amphisin in the soil. In contrast, when sugar beet seeds were coated with the CLP-producing strains and subsequently germinated in nonsterile soil, strain DR54 maintained a high and constant viscosinamide level in the young rhizosphere for ∼2 days while strains 96.578 and DSS73 exhibited significant production (net accumulation) of tensin or amphisin, reaching a maximum level after 2 days. All three CLPs remained detectable for several days in the rhizosphere. Subsequent tests of five other CLP-producing P. fluorescens strains also demonstrated significant production in the young rhizosphere. The results thus provide evidence that production of different CLPs is a common trait among many P. fluorescens strains in the soil environment, and further, that the production is taking place only in specific habitats like the rhizosphere of germinating sugar beet seeds rather than in the bulk soil.
8
Basnet, Ramesh, Anping Du, Li Tan, Ling Guo, Yanglin Jin, Zhuolin Yi, Tianfang Huang, Yang Fang und Hai Zhao. „Investigation on Selection, Improvement of Biomass Production and Protein Content in Duckweeds (Lemna Strains)“. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 51, Nr. 4 (31.07.2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Duc kweeds are becoming an emerging plant protein source as it may be produced in a more efficient and eco-friendly manner than other major crops. Screening is essential for tapping the desired traits. We conducted the screening on 32 Lemna species and accessions available in the Gene Bank. It follows two steps screening, primary screening involved culturing in 1/5 strength Hoagland Solution (HS) for one week. Based on protein %, the best three strains were cultured two sets ammonium and nitrate nitrogen source. Based on both biomass and protein content, D0158 strain was identified as the best. Then, the strain was optimized in five different parameters. In our study, we found that a longer photoperiod resulted in greater biomass accumulation and a lower percentage of protein. There was a 6.51% increase in crude protein, rising from 30.97% to 33.13% and dry biomass growth rate increase of 54.48% from 4.35 to 6.72 g/m2/d. The findings can be used to enhance the duckweed indoor cultivation system. Additionally, this protocol can be applied to other duckweed strains for similar purposes.
9
Vázquez, María Belén, Viviana Barrera und Virginia Bianchinotti. „Molecular identification of three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum isolated from agricultural soils in Argentina, and their abilities to detoxify in vitro metsulfuron methyl“. Botany 93, Nr. 11 (November 2015): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Metsulfuron methyl (MM) is a sulfonylurea herbicide used worldwide for the control of weeds in cereal crops. In a previous study, three Trichoderma strains (T5, T6, and T7) capable of using MM as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated. In this study, the three strains were identified as Trichoderma harzianum using genetic markers, and the transformation of MM by the T. harzianum strains was quantified using spectrophotometry. Solutions of different phytotoxic doses of MM were incubated with plugs of mycelia of the Trichoderma strains and the resulting mixtures were used to assess MM detoxification. The toxicity of the degradation products was tested with a bioassay using pre-germinated seeds of Lens culinaris Medik. and mycelia. Strain T7 was more efficient in transforming MM at higher concentrations than the T5 and T6 strains. In the bioassay, T5 showed the best performance at higher MM doses. We conclude that both T5 and T7 strains are promising for further studies regarding treatment or amelioration of MM contaminated soils.
10
Nosike, R. J., D. N. Onunkwo, E. N. Obasi, W. Amaduruonye, H. O. Ukwu, O. F. Nwakpu, J. C. Ezike und E. I. Chijioke. „Prediction of body weight with morphometric traits in some broiler chicken strains“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, Nr. 3 (02.01.2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.732.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Morphometric traits also called linear body measurements or conformation traits are important parameters in predicting body weight especially in commercial breeders and producers. Thus, the study was carried out to predict body weight of broiler using linear body measurement. In this study, a total of 270 day old broiler chicks comprising of 90 chicks each of Abor Acre, Ross and Marshal Strains were used. Data were collected on body weight using body measurements to include breast length (BRL), thigh width (TW), shank length (SL), keel length (KL), wing length and drumstick length (DL). The regression analysis was simple linear regression. The values of the coefficient of determination (R2) in Abor Acre, Ross and Marshall strains ranged from 89.8 – 99.8; 88.4 – 98.9; and 80.8 – 99.5 respectively with thigh width showing the highest % R2 value of 99.8% in week 2; 66.5 – 97.9; 60.3 – 80.4 and 28.6 – 72.3 respectively with breast length (97.9%) having the highest % R2 value. This showed that breast length was the best predictor of the body weight of the broiler in week 4; 38.5 – 100; 88.0 – 98.6; 17.0 – 94.8 with shank length (100%) showing a 100% R2 value. This showed that breast length was the best predictor of the body weight of the broiler in week 4; 38.5 – 100; 88.0 – 98.6; 17.0 – 94.8 with shank length (100%) showing a 100% R2 value in week 6; 76.9 – 96.3, 72.2 – 88.8 and 58.1 – 97.6 respectively with wing length recording the highest % R2 value in week 6; 76.9 – 96.3, 72.2 – 88.8 and 58.1 – 97.6 respectively with wing length recording the highest value (97.9%) week 8. The different strains had different coefficient of determination (R2) values above 50% with different linear body parameter at different ages of the birds, indicating that any of the linear body parameter could be used to predict body weight of broiler chicken although, accuracy of prediction increased with increasing R2 value. Amongst all the linear body parameters evaluated, the shank length of Abor Acres strain had highest R2 value (100%) in week 6. Thus shank length was the best linear body parameter with 100% accuracy of prediction, and may be useful criterion in estimation of growth and prediction of body weight.
11
Yang, Chang-Hsien, und Gan-Der Ho. „Resistance and Susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum“. Phytopathology® 88, Nr. 4 (April 1998): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.330.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a model system for studying plant-bacterial interactions, because it is genetically one of the best characterized plant diseases. We demonstrate here that four different strains of R. solanacearum, two from radishes (Rd4 and Rd15) and two from tomato (Ps21 and Ps95), can infect 27 different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, causing different responses. All ecotypes tested were highly susceptible to strain Rd15, which caused symptoms similar to those observed in tomato plants. For example, leaf drooping and discoloration developed just 3 days after inoculation, and plants completely wilted within 1 week. Strains Rd4 and Ps95 were less infectious than Rd15. With these two strains, a variety of disease responses were observed among different ecotypes at 2 weeks after inoculation; both susceptible and resistant ecotypes of A. thaliana were identified. Ps21 was the least infectious of the four strains and caused almost no symptoms in any of the ecotypes of Arabidopsis tested. Direct bacterial isolation and plant skeleton hybridization analysis from infected plants indicated that bacterial colonization was correlated with the severity of symptoms. Growth of bacteria was limited to the infection site in resistant plants, whereas the bacteria spread throughout susceptible plants by 1 week after inoculation.
12
Ramos, P. L., A. Fernández, G. Castrillo, L. Díaz, A. L. Echemendía, A. Fuentes, R. Peral et al. „Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus, a New Begomovirus Infecting Macroptilium lathyroides in Cuba“. Plant Disease 86, Nr. 9 (September 2002): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.1049b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Macroptilium lathyroides (L) is a weed that is widely distributed in Cuba. Frequently, leaves show bright yellow mosaic symptoms, which suggest the incidence of a viral disease. Since begomovirus occurrence in Macroptilium lathyroides has been previously reported in other islands of the Caribbean (1,3), symptomatic plants from three distant places in Cuba (Havana, Villa Clara, and Camaguey), were collected and tested for the presence of begomoviruses. Plant DNA extracts were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with two sets of degenerate primers (2). The presence of a bipartite begomovirus was evident through strong hybridization signals obtained with the DNA-A and DNA-B of Taino tomato mottle virus as probes at low stringency. Furthermore, 1.4-kb and 1.2-kb PCR amplified fragments were obtained with DNA-A degenerate primers, PAL1v1978-PAR1c715 and PAL1c1960-PAR1v722, respectively. Both PCR fragments from the samples from the three locations were cloned, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 1.4-kb fragments were performed using PstI, EcoRI, HincII, XbaI and BglII. Restriction fragment patterns were the same for the three clones. The DNA-A sequence (GenBank Accession No. AJ344452) of the isolate from Villa Clara was compared with sequences available for other geminiviruses using CLUSTAL program. For the coat protein (CP) gene, the comparisons had the highest percentage of identity with various strains of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV, GenBank Accession Nos. AF173555, M91604, and L01635) (85 to 87% and 93 to 94%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). For Rep gene (1,044 nt), the best percentages of identities were with BGYMV (81 to 82% and 80 to 82% nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), Tomato leaf crumple virus (GenBank Accession No. AF101476) (78 and 81%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), and Sida golden mosaic virus from Florida (GenBank Accession No. AF049336) (78 and 79%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). Finally, the comparative analysis of the intergenic region (i.e. the common region plus the CP gene promoter) had the highest identity with BGYMV (56 to 55%) and Tomato severe rugose virus (GenBank Accession No. AY029750) (49%). Interestingly, this virus has in this region the three G-box elements that are characteristic of BGYMV but it differs in the Rep protein-binding iterative motif that is GGTGA instead of GGAGA, for BGYMV. These data indicate that this virus is a new begomovirus and the name of Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) is proposed. References: (1) A. M. Idris et al. Plant Dis. 83:1071, 1999. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (3) M. E. Roye et al. Plant Dis. 81:1251, 1997.
13
Lehnhoff, Erik, und Rebecca Creamer. „Prediction of Early Season Beet Leafhopper Populations in Southern New Mexico“. Plant Health Progress 21, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-08-19-0051-fi.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Curly top is an important widespread disease in semiarid regions that can be caused by several Curtovirus and Becurtovirus species. The strains of beet curly top virus (BCTV) have been some of the most widely reported to be associated with curly top. The viruses causing curly top are phloem limited and transmitted by the beet leafhopper (BLH), Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The BLH can also transmit other important pathogens such as phytoplasmas. Both the virus and insect vector have a broad host range of crops and weeds, including the winter annual weed London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Prior prediction of disease would allow growers a window of opportunity to make informed management choices. A prediction model of BLH abundance was developed for southern New Mexico based on fall precipitation, which corresponds with London rocket emergence, and BLH sticky trap catch data for 2001 to 2018. Regression analyses showed positive associations between BLH numbers and October + November rainfall (P < 0.001) for two areas within southern New Mexico. A third area, where good weed management was used, had lower BLH numbers, and the relationship with precipitation was not significant (P = 0.190). Cumulative-season BLH abundance was correlated with BLH abundance in late April (r = 0.43) and late May (r = 0.56), indicating that early season knowledge of BLH abundance is useful for planning later season management. Although models based on October + November precipitation are good predictors of BLH abundance through June, they may not predict year-long BLH abundance because other environmental and biological factors contribute to subsequent BLH success and movement.
14
Parmar, H. J., Mohamed M. Hassan, N. P. Bodar, V. V. Umrania, S. V. Patel und H. N. Lakhani. „In Vitro Antagonism between Phytopathogenic Fungi Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma Strains“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, Nr. 1 (25.03.2015): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Six Trichoderma strains (collected from IARI, New Delhi and MTCC, Chandigarh) were tested for their ability to inhibit soil born pathogenof groundnut mainly Sclerotium rolfsii (causing stem rot on groundnut). Morphological observations of Trichoderma strains as well asphytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were made from culture grown at 28 0C for about one week on PDA media. The radial growth, fastest growthand coiling of test fungus of various Trichoderma strains on plant pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were examined under LEICA phase contrastbinocular light microscope. In vitro percent growth inhibition of S.rolfsii by various Trichoderma strain was recorded at 5 days after inoculationat 28 oC in the 90 cm petriplates. Results obtained from the antagonism study indicated that Trichoderma viride (NBAII Tv 23) inhibited 61%growth of phytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii followed by T. harzianum (NBAII Th1) (55% growth inhibition of pathogen). This suggested thatamong different Trichoderma strains, T. viride was the best bio-control agent to inhibit in vitro growth of phytopathogen S.rolfsii whichotherwise cause stem rot disease in groundnut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 16-19
15
Sogunle, O. M., E. T. Odekunle, O. A. Adeyemi, O. A. Olaniyi, D. A. Ekunseitan und C. A. V. Jege. „Response of two strains of broiler chickens to feeding trough shapes“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, Nr. 2 (10.01.2021): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i2.788.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study determined the effect of feeding trough shapes on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit analysis of 180 broiler chickens of two strains (90 birds each of Marshal and Hubbard strains) subjected to circular, rectangular and square-shaped 2 feeding troughs with a surface area of 900 cm each. The broiler chicks were brooded for two weeks and thereafter allotted into six treatment groups of 30 chicks each, consisting of 3 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Daily weight gains were recorded and at the 8th week, 3 broiler chickens that were of average weights for each replicate were used for carcass evaluation. Data were analysed using PRO GLM at 5% level of significance. Results showed that feeding trough shapes significantly (P< 0.05) influenced the final weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Birds on circular feeding trough recorded the best feed conversion ratio (2.98±0.03). The feeding trough shape and strain did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the cut-up parts and organs measured. In the interaction between strain and feeding trough, the dressing percentage was significantly (P<0.05) affected, but did not follow any trend. Marshal strain on square feeding trough recorded significantly (P<0.05) lowest production cost (N539.25) while Hubbard strain on circular feeder had the highest cost of N605.46. It was concluded that, in terms of cost of production, the square and rectangular shaped feeding troughs could be adopted.
16
Ibrahim, Wasir, Rita Mutia, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Nelwida Nelwida und Berliana Berliana. „Penggunaan Kulit Nanas Fermentasi dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Gulma Berkhasiat Obat Terhadap Konsumsi Nutrient Ayam Broiler“. Jurnal Agripet 16, Nr. 2 (01.10.2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.4142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kulit nanas fermentasi ke dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat terhadap konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC jantan strain cob umur 2 hari sebanyak 200 ekor yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. P0 = 0% tepung kulit nanas fermentasi (TKNF) dalam ransum mengandung 0% gulma obat(GO), (kontrol positif), P1 = 0% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma obat (GO),(kontrol negatif), P2 = 7.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P3 = 15% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P4 = 22.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat. Parameter yang diamati kandungan gizi kulit nanas sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dan konsumsi nutrient. Pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan, Data yang diperoleh dari setiap parameter dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kulit nanas yang fermentasi dengan yoghurt dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat pada taraf 15% memberikan hasil terbaik pada konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. (Fermented pineapple peel supplementation with addition of medicinal weeds on nutrient intake consumption of broiler chicken) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on nutrient consumption and performance of broiler . Two hundred 2 days male broiler chicken cob strain were used in this study and kept for 42 days. Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7.5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). The parameters measured was nutrien intake before and after fermented peel and consumption. The observed data were analyzed by statistical product and service solution (SPSS 16.0). Results showed that use of fermented pineapple peel meal up to 15% with addition medicinal weeds was the best on nutrient consumption of broiler chicken.
17
Mengeling, William L., Kelly M. Lager und Ann C. Vorwald. „Clinical effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on pigs during the early postnatal interval“. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.01.52.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
SUMMARY Objective To determine the effect of congenital and early postnatal infection of pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on postnatal survival and growth. Animals 20 pregnant gilts and their pigs and fetuses. Procedure 16 pregnant gilts (principals) comprising 4 groups (4 gilts/group) were exposed oronasally to 4 strains of PRRSV (a vaccine strain, and 3 field strains) at or about day 90 of gestation. Four pregnant gilts (controls) were kept under similar conditions, except for exposure to PRRSV. Samples collected from pigs before ingestion of colostrum and samples and specimens collected from pigs at selected times thereafter were tested for PRRSV and homologous antibody. Pigs were observed for clinical signs and were weighed at birth and at weekly intervals until they were euthanatized and necropsied at about 3 weeks of age. Results At least some members of all litters of principal gilts were infected congenitally. Most noninfected, liveborn littermates became infected within the first week of life. Infection of pigs with field strains did, and infection of pigs with the vaccine strain did not, adversely affect postnatal survival and growth rate. All infected pigs had generalized lymph node enlargement. Conclusion Exposure of pregnant gilts to either attenuated (vaccine) or virulent (field) strains of PRRSV can result in congenital infection. Vaccine as well as field strains can be transmitted postnatally from infected to noninfected littermates. Pigs infected with field strains have a poorer rate of survival and growth than do noninfected pigs. Clinical Relevance Because attenuated (vaccine) PRRSV can cause congenital infection and be transmitted postnatally from congenitally infected to immune-naive pigs, the use of attenuated virus during gestation is, at best, questionable. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:52–55)
18
Hsieh, Min-Wei, Huey-Yueh Chen und Cheng-Chih Tsai. „Screening and Evaluation of Purine-Nucleoside-Degrading Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Winemaking Byproducts In Vitro and Their Uric Acid-Lowering Effects In Vivo“. Fermentation 7, Nr. 2 (10.05.2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In Taiwan, adult hyperuricemia affects as many as 1 in 4 males and 1 in 6 females, who are predominantly young adults aged 19–45. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance and high affinity to intestinal cells were extracted from the side products of alcohol fermentation (distillers’ grains). These bacteria were evaluated for their ability to lower uric acid levels. Qualitative identification and quantitative analysis were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the purine-degrading enzymes to select purine-decomposing LAB for animal testing. When the final concentration of purine compounds reached 0.1% and 1%, seven strains of LAB showed potential in degrading purine compounds. HPLC was used to analyze their purine-degrading abilities, and the three best performing LAB strains, (107) 8–16, (107) tau 1–3, and (107) 6–10 were screened for further animal testing with Wistar rats. By the third week, the results showed that strain (107) 6–10 could prevent formation and reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in yeast extract/potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. The multi-strain lactic acid bacteria (MLAB) performed best for uric acid reduction in the serum and down regulated BUN. Yeast extract/potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia had no impact on serum creatinine, while LAB did not affect the creatinine concentration. In summary, MLAB not only protects kidney function but is also effective in regulating uric acid concentration in the body. Hence, MLAB can be used as a functional food supplement that prevents or aids the treatment of hyperuricemia in a rodent model.
19
Nielsen, Peter Søe, Casper Alexander Ormstrup, Benjamin Arnold Krekeler Hartz, Morten Storgaard Nielsen und Niels Bay. „Simulative Winding of Roll Formed Profile in Carcass Production for Flexible Pipes“. Key Engineering Materials 639 (März 2015): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In carcass production for flexible pipe systems roll formed profiles are wound around a mandrel forming an interlocking, flexible structure able to withstand collapse from outside water pressure or mechanical crushing. Carcass is often produced in lengths of several kilometres, which implies numerous welds between coils of stainless steel, often duplex grades. The welds are a source of failure, since fracture from time to time occurs here in the winding stage. A simulative test in form of three-point-bending is developed, which shows promising results together with simplified air- and v-bent profiles allowing offline testing of welds for optimisation purposes. Comparative studies are shown possible but discrepancies in boundary conditions cause the maximum strains in the simulative test to differ from those in production. A study of weld failure is done applying the simulative test and tensile tests using GOM ARAMIS 4M system for strain measurements. The results show strain localization at the weld from onset of yielding caused by the soft, heat affected zone next to the weld seam resulting in a local thinning of the strip similar to what is observed in production.
20
Stojšin, V., J. Balaž, D. Budakov, Slaviša Stanković, I. Nikolić, Ž. Ivanović und T. Popović. „First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Sugar Beet in Serbia“. Plant Disease 99, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0628-pdn.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A severe bacterial leaf spot was observed during June and July 2013 on commercial cultivars of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) in the Vojvodina Province of Serbia. Serbia is a major sugar beet production area in southeastern Europe, with 62,895 ha and 3 million tons of sugar beet yield in 2013. A foliar leaf spot observed in 25 commercial sugar beet fields surveyed ranged from 0.1 to 40% severity. Symptoms were characterized as circular or irregular, 5- to 20-mm diameter, white to light brown necrotic spots, each with a dark margin. Diseased leaves were rinsed in sterilized, distilled water (SDW) and dried at room temperature, and leaf sections taken from the margin of necrotic tissue were macerated in SDW. Isolations from 48 symptomatic leaves onto nutrient agar with 5% (w/v) sucrose (NAS) produced bacterial colonies that were whitish, circular, dome-shaped, and Levan-positive. Representative isolates (n = 105) were Gram negative; aerobic; positive for catalase, fluorescence on King's medium B, and tobacco hypersensitivity; and negative for oxidase, potato rot, and arginine dehydrolase. These reactions corresponded to LOPAT group Ia, which includes Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (2). Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (rep)-PCR was used for genetic fingerprinting the isolates using the REP, ERIC, and BOX primers. Twenty-five different profiles were obtained among the strains. From each profile group, one representative strain was sequenced for the gyrB gene (1). Four heterogenic groups were observed, and representative gyrB gene sequences of each group were deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ950024 to KJ950027). The sequences were compared with those of pathotype strain P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 1617 deposited in the PAMDB database; one strain was 100% homologous, and the other three were 99% homologous. To fulfill identification of the Serbian sugar beet isolates, gltA and rpoD partial gene sequences were determined (1), and the sequences were deposited as Accession Nos. KM386838 to KM386841 for gltA and KM386830 to KM38683033 for rpoD. The sequences were 100% homologous with those of pathotype strain CFBP 1617. Pathogenicity of each of four representative bacterial strains was tested on 3-week-old plants of the sugar beet cultivars Marinela, Serenada, and Jasmina (KWS, Belgrade, Serbia) and Lara (NS Seme, Novi Sad, Serbia) by atomizing a bacterial suspension of ~106 CFU/ml of the appropriate isolate onto the abaxial leaf surface of three plants per cultivar until water-soaking of the leaf surface was observed. Three plants of each cultivar atomized similarly with P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 2473 and SDW served as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. Inoculated plants were kept in a clear plastic box at 80 to 100% RH and 17 ± 1°C and examined for symptom development over 3 weeks. For all test isolates and the control strain, inoculated leaves first developed water-soaked lesions 7 days after inoculation (DAI). By 10 to 14 DAI, lesions were necrotic and infection had spread to the petioles. By 21 DAI, wilting was observed on more than 50% of inoculated plants. Negative control plants were symptomless. Bacteria re-isolated onto NAS from inoculated leaves had the same colony morphology, LOPAT results, and gyrB partial gene sequences as described for the test strains. No bacteria were re-isolated from negative control plants. Based on these tests, the pathogen causing leaf spot on sugar beet in Serbia was identified as P. syringae pv. aptata. References: (1) P. Ferrente and M. Scortichini. Plant Pathol. 59:954, 2010. (2) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.
21
Vlková, E., M. Grmanová, V. Rada, I. Homutová und S. Dubná. „Selection of probiotic bifidobacteria for lambs“. Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 12 (25.12.2009): 552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/151/2009-cjas.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Twenty-six bifidobacteria were isolated from faecal samples of lambs. The isolates were identified, functional properties (survival ability at low pH and bile conditions) and antimicrobial activities against potential pathogens were determined. From the isolates with suitable properties (13 strains) rifampicin-resistant mutants were prepared by gradient plate techniques. This property enabled us to differentiate the administered organism from wild strains because resistance to rifampicin is rare among bifidobacteria. Rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBifs) were administered to 3-days-old lambs in two trials. In the first trial the strain <i>B. ruminantium</i> L29 was applied to 3 lambs and was detected in faecal samples at high counts (6 log CFU/g on average) for one week. In the second trial 3 lambs received a “cocktail” of 12 strains and RRBifs survived in the intestinal tract at counts of about 6 log CFU/g for 25 days. The control group without probiotic treatment consisted of 6 animals. In both treated groups RRBifs dominated among bifidobacteria after their administration. Total bifidobacterial counts (5.64–7.32 log CFU/g) were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to 2.31–2.85 log CFU/g detected in the control group during the first month of lamb life. Lactobacilli counts were also significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to the control. The administered bifidobacteria did not affect any other monitored bacterial groups. On the basis of in vitro test results, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for lambs were chosen. Some of them survived for 30 days in the gastrointestinal tract of treated lambs, but no tested strain was able to colonise the lamb’s tract permanently. The administration of bifidobacterial “cocktail” and consequent identification of the best survived strain seems to be an effective method for selection of potential probiotics.
22
MOHIUDDIN, Abul K. M., Zaliha C. ABDULLAH, Kamal CHOWDHURY, Kulaveerasingam HARIKRISHNA und Suhaimi NAPIS. „Enhanced Virulence Gene Activity of Agrobacterium in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. ‘Birdie’“. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, Nr. 2 (16.05.2011): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb325877.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivar ‘Birdie’, was evaluated for its response to the tumorigenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the oncogenic A. rhizogenes strains. Stem and petiole of three week-old in vitro-grown muskmelon plants were inoculated with five strains of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes each and observed phenotypic expressions i.e. induction of crown galls and hairy roots. This phenotypic expression was efficaciously increased when virulence gene activity of different strains of two Agrobacterium species was enhanced. Intensive studies on enhancement of virulence gene activity of Agrobacterium found to be correlated to the appropriate light intensity (39.3 μmol m-2 s-1) with a specific concentration of monocyclic phenolic compound, acetosyringone (20 μM). The gene activity was also influenced by several other physical factors e.g. plant tissue type, Agrobacterium species and their strains, and plant tissue-Agrobacterium interaction. Among the different A. tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 showed the best virulence gene activity in both stem and petiole through the formation of higher rate of crown galls. On the other hand, strain 15834 of A. rhizogenes showed better gene activity in stem and 8196 in petiole through the formation of higher rate of hairy roots as well as higher average number of hairy roots. Among the two different types of explants, petiole was more susceptible to both Agrobacterium species. Thus it was concluded that future muskmelon transformation study can efficiently be carried out with LBA4404, 15834 and 8196 strains using petiole explants by adding 20 μM of acetosyringone in the medium.
23
Csutak, Ortansa, Viorica Corbu, Ileana Stoica und Tatiana Vassu. „Fatty Acids Effect on Lipase and Biosurfactant Induction in Rhodotorula Glutinis CMGB-RG5“. “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, Nr. 1 (01.07.2018): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractFatty acids represent important substrates for obtaining microbial lipases and biosurfactants. The yeast strain CMGBRG5 was identified as Rhodotorula glutinis using the BIOLOG MicroLog System. The opacity screening tests showed that R. glutinis CMGB-RG5 was able to produce lipases in presence of 1% Tween 80 after three days of incubation. Lipase induction was estimated as cell growth in presence of Tween 80, Tween 20, olive oil and tributyrin. After 48 hours, best results were obtained in presence of butyric acid, respectively, oleic acid: 2.2 × 107cells/ml on tributyrin and 1.0 × 107cells/ml on olive oil. Biosurfactant production was evaluated as emulsification index (E24%). After one week, high E24 values were obtained on fried sunflower oil (53%) and olive oil (35%). Crude and concentrated biosurfactants were tested against nine Candida strains. Best antimicrobial activity was observed for [20X] biosurfactants against C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei. In conclusion, R. glutinis CGB-RG5 shows high potential for using fatty acids from various sources as unique carbon substrates for synthesis of biocompounds with high economic and biotechnological value.
24
Xiong, Ying, und Han Ying Zheng. „Cyclic Mechanical Properties of 16MnR Welded Joint under Constant“. Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (Februar 2011): 1658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1658.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Fatigue tests are carried out for 16MnR welded joint under constant strain control. Test results reveal that 16MnR weld metal exhibits characteristic of cyclic softening and non-masing obviously. The strain–life curve can be best described by the three-parameter equation. It shows the fatigue endurance limit in the heat-affecting zone (HAZ) of welded joint is lower than that in the weld metal.
25
Yordanov, Daniel, Lyudmila Boyanova, Rumyana Markovska, Juliana Ilieva, Nikolay Andreev, Galina Gergova und Ivan Mitov. „Influence of Dietary Factors onHelicobacter pyloriand CagA Seroprevalence in Bulgaria“. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9212143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of this study was to assess the association between some dietary factors and prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection or strain virulence in 294 adult asymptomatic blood donors.Methods. Seroprevalence was evaluated using ELISA. Logistic regression was used.Results. Anti-H. pyloriIgG prevalence was 72.4%, and CagA IgG seroprevalence was 49.3%. In the multivariate analyses, the frequent (>5 days per week) honey consumption was associated with both reducedH. pyloriseroprevalence OR, 0.68 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.473–0.967 and reduced CagA IgG seroprevalence OR, 0.65 with 95% CI, 0.486–0859. Frequent (>5 days per week) yoghurt consumption also was associated with lowerH. pylorivirulence of the strains (CagA IgG OR, 0.56 with 95% CI, 0.341–0.921). Smoking and consumption of the other dietary factors resulted in no significant differences in the prevalence ofH. pyloriIgG and CagA IgG within the subject groups.Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report revealing reverse associations between honey or yoghurt consumption and CagA IgG prevalence as well as between frequent honey consumption and lower prevalence of theH. pyloriinfection. Regular honey and yoghurt consumption can be of value as a supplement in the control ofH. pyloritherapy.
26
Greenwood, Melody H., und W. L. Hooper. „The use of alkalinity and incubation at 9 °C for improved recovery ofYersiniaspp. from faeces“. Epidemiology and Infection 101, Nr. 1 (August 1988): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
SUMMARYRecovery ofYersinia enterocoliticaand related strains from faecal samples enriched in 1% buffered peptone water (pH 7·2) and incubated at 4 °C for 17–21 days was compared with recovery from 1% peptone water buffered to pH 8·0 and incubation over the temperature range 4–26°C. Best recovery was obtained by use of the alkaline medium incubated at 9°C. Greatest recovery was obtained after incubation for 10–14 days, but most strains (> 75%) were recovered after 1 week.
27
Kaur, Parwinder, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam und Martin J. Barbetti. „Host Range and Phylogenetic Relationships of Albugo candida from Cruciferous Hosts in Western Australia, with Special Reference to Brassica juncea“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 6 (Juni 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0765.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
White rust, caused by Albugo candida, is a serious pathogen of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) worldwide and poses a potential hazard to the presently developing canola-quality B. juncea industry in Australia. Nine isolates of A. candida, representing strains collected from B. juncea, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. tournefortii, Raphanus raphanistrum, R. sativa, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Sisymbrium irio, from different locations in Western Australia (W.A.), were tested on cruciferous host differentials to characterize their pathogenicity. In particular, these studies were aimed to determine the hazard to the newly emerging B. juncea industry in Australia from races or pathotypes of A. candida present. Pathogenicity tests with appropriate differentials demonstrated the presence in W.A. of a unique strain from B. rapa that did not show characteristics of either race 7A or 7V and clearly is a distinct new pathogenic strain within race 7. Different strains collected from W.A. differed in their host range, with the strains from B. tournefortii and S. irio being highly host specific, failing to be pathogenic on any other differentials. B. tournefortii was host to a strain attacking B. juncea and E. vesicaria subsp. sativa. The strain from R. raphanistrum showed a relatively wide host range among the differentials tested. B. tournefortii, C. bursa-pastoris, R. raphanistrum, and S. irio are common weeds within grain belt and horticultural regions in Australia. The B. oleracea isolate (race 9) was pathogenic to B. juncea ‘Vulcan’ whereas the isolate from B. juncea (race 2V) was not pathogenic on B. oleracea. Similarly, the strain from C. bursa pastoris (race 4) was pathogenic on B. juncea Vulcan but the B. juncea strain was not pathogenic on C. bursa pastoris. In contrast, the strain from R. sativus (race 1) was pathogenic on B. juncea and the B. juncea strain was also pathogenic on R. sativus. Field isolates from B. rapa, B. tournefortii, E. vesicaria subsp. sativa, and S. irio were all nonpathogenic on B. juncea. Isolates from B. juncea and R. raphanistrum were pathogenic on B. napus (FAN 189). For the nine A. candida isolates from W.A., complete rDNA internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequence analysis showed a nucleotide identity range of 72.4 to 100% in comparison with previous Australian collections of A. candida and those previously reported in Europe and Asia. The B. tournefortii isolate of A. candida from W.A. formed a distinct clade on its own, with an identity range of 77.4 to 80.5% compared with the other isolates. Isolates from R. raphanistrum and R. sativus from W.A. were least similar to the other isolates, with a nucleotide identity similarity of only 72.4%. Characterization of the races of A. candida in Western Australia adds to the current knowledge regarding the diversity of this pathogen, allows choice of Brassica spp. or cultivars with resistance to races across different regions, and highlights the particular cruciferous weeds involved in pathogen inoculum carryover between successive cruciferous crops, particularly B. juncea crops.
28
Oluwatosin Mawunapon Adegoke, Jesuyon. „Bartlett factor scores in multiple linear regression equation as a tool for estimating economic traits in broilers“. Stočarstvo 71, Nr. 1-2 (25.08.2017): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/s.71.1-2.3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
To propose a simpler tool that eliminates the age-long problems associated with the traditional index method for selection of multiple traits in broilers, the Barttlet factor regression equation is being proposed as an alternative selection tool. 100 day-old chicks each of Arbor Acres (AA) and Annak (AN) broiler strains were obtained from two rival hatcheries in Ibadan Nigeria. These were raised on deep litter system in a 56-day feeding trial in the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm, located in South-west Tropical Nigeria. The body weight and body dimensions were measured and recorded during the trial period. Eight (8) zoometric measurements namely Live weight (g), Abdominal Circumference, Abdominal length, Breast width, leg length, Height, Wing length and Thigh circumference (all in cm) were recorded randomly from 20 birds within strain, at a fixed time on the first day of the new week respectively with a 5-kg capacity Camry scale. These records were analyzed and compared using completely randomized design (CRD) of SPSS analytical software, with the means procedure, Factor Scores (FS) in stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) procedure for initial live weight equations. Bartlett Factor Score (BFS) analysis extracted 2 factors for each strain, termed Body-length and Thigh-meatiness Factors for AA, and; Breast Size and Height Factors for AN. These derived orthogonal factors assisted in deducing and comparing trait-combinations that best describe body conformation and Meatiness in experimental broilers. BFS procedure yielded different body conformational traits for the two strains, thus indicating the different economic traits and advantages of strains. These Factors could be useful as selection criteria for improving desired economic traits. The final Bartlett Factor Regression equations for prediction of body weight were highly significant with P<0.0001, R2 of 0.92 and above, VIF of 1.00, and DW of 1.90 and 1.47 for Arbor Acres and Annak respectively. These FSR equations could be used as a simple and potent tool for selection during poultry flock improvement, it could also be used to estimate selection index of flocks to discriminate between strains, and evaluate consumer preference traits in broilers.
29
Prakoso, Vitas Atmadi, und Kurniawan Kurniawan. „COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF Oreochromis niloticus SELECTED STRAIN FROM BOGOR, WEST JAVA“. Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 12, Nr. 2 (13.12.2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.12.2.2017.53-58.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Inefficient feed management strategy in aquaculture will increase the fish production cost. One of the most effective strategies to solve this problem is through a better understanding of the compensatory growth of cultured fish. O. niloticus BEST tilapia strain (total length: 7.23 ± 0.11 cm mean ± SD; Body weight: 7.04 ± 0.08 g mean ± SD) were reared in aquariums at 26.3 ± 1.4oC for 10 weeks. During the experiment, the control group was fed twice a day. The other two groups were deprived of food for one and two weeks and then fed twice a day during refeeding period. At the end of the experiment, the fish deprived for one week had a body weight, biomass and specific growth rate that were not significantly different from the control group. The body weight, biomass and specific growth rate of fish deprived for two weeks were significantly lower than the other groups. This study revealed that concentrations of ash and lower concentrations of protein and lipid on the deprived groups were higher compared to those without feed deprivation. Mortality of fish was lower than 9% and not significantly different among the treatments. Fish aggressive behavior was the main reason for injuries and death. Given the results, BEST tilapia strain was only able to reach complete growth compensation not longer than one week deprivation period. The results of the present study could be applied as basic information for further research on feeding management of BEST tilapia strain.
30
Villegas-Armenta, Luis Angel, Priti Wanjara, Javad Gholipour, Isao Nakatsugawa, Yasumasa Chino und Mihriban Pekguleryuz. „Linear Friction Welding of an AZ91 Magnesium Alloy and the Effect of Ca Additions on the Weld Characteristics“. Materials 14, Nr. 11 (07.06.2021): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Solid-state welding offers distinct advantages for joining reactive materials, such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys. This study investigates the effect of linear friction welding (LFW) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast AZ91 (Mg–9Al–1Zn) and AZ91–2Ca alloys, which (to the best knowledge of the authors) has not been reported in the literature. Using the same set of LFW process parameters, similar alloy joints—namely, AZ91/AZ91 and AZ91–2Ca/AZ91–2Ca—were manufactured and found to exhibit integral bonding at the interface without defects, such as porosity, inclusions, and/or cracking. Microstructural examination of the AZ91/AZ91 joint revealed dissolution of the Al-rich second phase in the weld zone, while the Mn containing phases remained and were refined. In the AZ91–2Ca/AZ91–2Ca joint, the weld zone retained Ca- and Mn-rich phases, which were also refined due to the LFW process. In both joint types, extensive recrystallization occurred during LFW, as evidenced by the refinement of the grains from ~1000 µm in the base materials to roughly 2–6 µm in the weld zone. These microstructural changes in the AZ91/AZ91 and AZ91–2Ca/AZ91–2Ca joints increased the hardness in the weld zone by 32%. The use of digital image correlation for strain mapping along the sample gage length during tensile testing revealed that the local strains were about 50% lower in the weld zone relative to the AZ91 and AZ91–2Ca base materials. This points to the higher strength of the weld zone in the AZ91/AZ91 and AZ91–2Ca/AZ91–2Ca joints due to the fine grain size, second phase refinement, and strong basal texture. Final fracture during tensile loading of both joints occurred in the base materials.
31
Koike, S. T., D. M. Henderson, C. T. Bull, P. H. Goldman und R. T. Lewellen. „First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Swiss Chard Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata in California“. Plant Disease 87, Nr. 11 (November 2003): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1397b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
From 1999 through 2003, a previously unreported disease was found on commercial Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) in the Salinas Valley, (Monterey County) California. Each year the disease occurred sporadically throughout the long growing season from April through September. Initial symptoms were water-soaked leaf spots that measured 2 to 3 mm in diameter. As disease developed, spots became circular to ellipsoid, 3 to 8 mm in diameter, and tan with distinct brown-to-black borders. Spots were visible from the adaxial and abaxial sides. Cream-colored bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from spots. Strains were fluorescent on King's medium B, levan positive, oxidase negative, and arginine dihydrolase negative. Strains did not rot potato slices but induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turk). The isolates, therefore, belong in LOPAT group 1 (1). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis (MIS-TSBA version 4.10, MIDI Inc., Newark, DE) gave variable results that included Pseudomonas syringae, P. cichorii, and P. viridiflava with similarity indices ranging from 0.91 to 0.95. BOX-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis gave identical banding patterns for the chard isolates and for known P. syringae pv. aptata strains, including the pathotype strain CFBP1617 (2). The bacteria were identified as P. syringae. Pathogenicity of 11 strains was tested by growing inoculum in nutrient broth shake cultures for 48 h, diluting to 10 × 6 CFU/ml, and spraying onto 5-week-old plants of Swiss chard cvs. Red, White, Silverado, and CXS2547. Untreated control plants were sprayed with sterile nutrient broth. After 7 to 10 days in a greenhouse (24 to 26°C), leaf spots similar to those observed in the field developed on all inoculated plants. Strains were reisolated from the spots and identified as P. syringae. Control plants remained symptomless. To investigate the host range of this pathogen, the same procedures were used to inoculate three strains onto other Chenopodiaceae plants: five cultivars of sugar beet (B. vulgaris), and one cultivar each of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Swiss chard. In addition, five chard strains and strain CFBP1617 were inoculated onto two cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and one cultivar each of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), sugar beet, spinach, and Swiss chard. All Swiss chard, cantaloupe, sunflower, and sugar beet plants developed leaf spots after 7 days. The pathogen was reisolated from spots and confirmed to be the same bacterium using BOX-PCR analysis. Spinach and untreated controls failed to show symptoms. All inoculation experiments were done at least twice and the results were the same. The phenotypic data, fatty acid and genetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests indicated that these strains are P. syringae pv. aptata. To our knowledge this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot of commercially grown Swiss chard in California caused by P. syringae pv. aptata. The disease was particularly damaging when it developed in Swiss chard fields planted for “baby leaf” fresh market products. Such crops are placed on 2-m wide beds, planted with high seed densities, and are sprinkler irrigated. This disease has been reported from Asia, Australia, Europe, and other U.S. states. References: (1) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. (2) J. L. W. Rademaker et al. Mol. Microbiol. Ecol. Man. 3.4.3:1–27, 1998.
32
Loconsole, Daniela, Anna Lisa De Robertis, Anna Morea, Daniele Casulli, Rosanna Mallamaci, Simona Baldacci, Francesca Centrone et al. „High Public-Health Impact in an Influenza-B-Mismatch Season in Southern Italy, 2017-2018“. BioMed Research International 2019 (20.08.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4643260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background. Yearly influenza epidemics have considerable effects on public health worldwide. The 2017-2018 influenza season in Italy was of greater severity than previous seasons. The aim of this study was to describe the 2017-2018 influenza season in Southern Italy and the molecular characteristics of the circulating viral strains. Methods. The incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) was analysed. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with ILI from week 46/2017 to week 17/2018 were tested to identify influenza A viruses (IAV) and influenza B viruses (IBV). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin genes were also performed on 73 positive samples (35 IBV, 36 IAV H1, and 2 IAV H3 strains). Results. During the 2017-2018 season, the peak incidence was 14.32 cases per 1,000 inhabitants. IBV strains were identified in 71.0% of cases. The 35 characterised IBV strains belonged to Yamagata lineage clade 3, the 36 A/H1N1pdm09 strains clustered with the genetic subgroup 6B.1, and the 2 A/H3N2 strains clustered with the genetic subgroup 3C.2a. Intensive-care unit (ICU) admission was required in 50 cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among the >64-year age group, 18 out of 26 ICU-ARDS cases (69.2%) were caused by IBV, and 14 of these (77.8%) were B/Yamagata lineage. Conclusions. The 2017-2018 influenza season was one of the most severe in a decade in Southern Italy. IBV mismatch between the trivalent vaccine and the circulating strains occurred. The high number of ICU-ARDS cases caused by B/Yamagata strains in the >64-year age group suggests that further data on the effectiveness of the available influenza vaccines are needed to determine the best way to protect the elderly against both IBV lineages.
33
Redza, Mohd Ridhwan Mohammed, Yupiter H. P. Manurung, Robert Ngendang A. Lidam, Mohd Shahar Sulaiman, Mohammad Ridzwan Abdul Rahim, Noor Syahadah Yussoff und Abdul Ghalib Tham. „Transversed Residual Stress Analysis on Multipassed Fillet Weld 2D-Using FEM and Experiment“. Advanced Materials Research 576 (Oktober 2012): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In this project, the residual stress due to multipassed welding process at the fillet weld will be studied using 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation method and experimental investigation. Due to the extensive capabilities and dedicated tools for the simulation of welding, including material deposit via element activation or deactivation and predefined or customized moving heat sources, SYSWELD 2010 was chosen as the FEA software. The material with a thickness of 9 mm was structural steel S355J2G3 for simulation and low carbon steel for the experiment. The clamping condition was selected to obtain the best relationship between simulation and experiment by using Strain Gage. The model was dedicated to multipassed welding using the robotic welding system
34
Zorrilla, Jesús G., Marco Masi, Suzette Clement, Alessio Cimmino und Susan Meyer. „Production of (10S,11S)-(—)-epi-Pyriculol and Its HPLC Quantification in Liquid Cultures of Pyricularia grisea, a Potential Mycoherbicide for the Control of Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris)“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 3 (03.03.2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9030316.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
(10S,11S)-(—)-epi-pyriculol is a phytotoxic metabolite produced by Pyricularia grisea, a fungus identified as a foliar pathogen on the invasive weed species buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in North America. The effective control of buffelgrass has not yet been achieved, and there is a need to develop effective and green solutions. Herbicides based on natural products and the use of phytopathogenic organisms could provide the most suitable tools for the control of weeds such as buffelgrass. Thus, one of the most relevant points to study about potential suitable phytotoxins such as (10S,11S)-(—)-epi-pyriculol is its production on a large scale, either by isolation from fungal fermentations or by synthesis. For these purposes, rapid and sensitive methods for the quantification of (10S,11S)-(—)-epi-pyriculol in complex mixtures are required. In this study, a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for its quantification was developed and applied to organic extracts from twelve P. grisea isolates obtained from diseased buffelgrass leaves and grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) liquid cultures. The analysis proved that the production of (10S,11S)-(—)-epi-pyriculol is fungal-isolate dependent and strongly correlated with phytotoxic activity, shown by the P. grisea organic extracts in a buffelgrass radicle elongation test. The HPLC method reported herein allowed us to select the best strain for the production of (10S,11S)-(—)-epi-pyriculol and could be useful for selecting the best cultural conditions for its mass production, providing a tool for the use of this promising metabolite as a new bioherbicide for the control of buffelgrass.
35
Edgar Enrique, Sosa-Rubio, Herrera-Cool Gilbert Jose, Zavaleta-Cordova Maria Del Carmen und Montoya-Reyes Francisco. „USE OF RHIZOBIUMBACTERIA TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF FIVE TROPICAL LEGUMES WITH FORAGE POTENTIAL“. International Journal of Advanced Research 9, Nr. 11 (30.11.2021): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13783.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of the application of Rhizobium bacteria in the biomass production of forage legumes. Rhizobiumstrains were isolated and selected from the rhizosphere of five forage species. Characterization and subsequent cultivation were carried out to inoculate plants in a greenhouse. Subsequently, the biofertilizer was prepared to apply it to five forage legumes: C. ternatea, L. leucocephala, C. macrocarpum, M. pruriens and C. cajan. Plants were germinated in petri dishes and on substrate, after 10 days of germination, they were transplanted into Leonards Jugs and watered with distilled water. The plants were placed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The evaluations were carried out every week measuring plant heightand at the end of the experiment root weigh, dry matter of aerial part and radicular volume. The best values obtained were in M. pruriens which showed from 49 to 50 cm of plant height. For cross inoculation in weight variable was observed that the strains from C. ternatea and L. leucocephala showed the best results with 0.22 and 0.25 g/plant respectively. Although the best data of dry matter of aerial part was observed in L. leucocephalawith 0.40 g, better response of Radicular volume and plant height was observed in strains that came from C. ternatea with 2 mL and 7 cm respectively. In this study it can be conclude that the use of biofertilizers can be an alternative for low-cost forage production, as long as it contains Rhizobium strains capable of associating with legumes and fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
36
Durovic, Ana, Andreas F. Widmer, Reno Frei und Sarah Tschudin-Sutter. „DistinguishingClostridium difficileRecurrence From Reinfection: Independent Validation of Current Recommendations“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, Nr. 8 (08.06.2017): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
OBJECTIVEDistinguishing recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (CDI), defined as CDI caused by the same genotype, from reinfection with a different genotype, has important implications for surveillance and clinical trials investigating treatment effectiveness. We validated the proposed 8-week period for distinguishing “same genotype CDI” from “different genotype CDI,” and we aimed to identify clinical variables with distinctiveness to propose an improved definition.METHODSFrom January 2004 to December 2013, a cohort of all inpatients with CDI at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, was established, and respective strains were collected. In patients with a second episode of CDI, both strains were compared using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping. The standard definition of recurrence (within 8 weeks after initial diagnosis) was evaluated for its performance to predict CDI caused by the same genotype.RESULTSAmong 750 patients with CDI, 130 (17.3%) were diagnosed with recurrence or reinfection. Strains from both episodes were available from 106 patients. Identical strains were identified in 36 patients with recurrence (36 of 47) and 27 patients with reinfection (27 of 59). Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the standard definition were 56%, 74%, 53%, and 76%, respectively. An extended period of 20 weeks resulted in the best match for both sensitivity and specificity (83% and 58%, respectively), while none of the clinical characteristics revealed independent distinctive power.CONCLUSIONSOur results challenge the utility of the 8-week cutoff for distinguishing recurrent CDI from reinfection. An extended period of 20 weeks may result in improved overall performance characteristics, but this finding requires external validation.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:891–896
37
Xie, Jun. „Prevention Methods of Fitness and Bodybuilding Exercise Injury Based on Data Mining“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (14.04.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7083991.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Fitness and bodybuilding are becoming the trend of the development of sports projects today, not only to bring health to the exercisers, but also to keep the body in good condition. However, due to the wrong attitudes and methods of exercisers, they often have negative effects on exercisers, such as sprains, strains, and tendon strains. This article is based on data mining technology to realize the research of exercise injury prevention methods, so firstly, it introduces the steps and applications of data mining technology and highlights the cluster analysis method in data mining technology. Then it discusses the injury factors of fitness and bodybuilding and outlines the best measures to prevent exercise injury. At the same time, the C4.5 algorithm was introduced to realize the processing of the data set, and the effectiveness of preventive measures was proved by investigating the damage of fitness and bodybuilding exercises in 15 clubs in a certain city. The results of the study show that the number of people who exercise more than 3 times a week accounts for 65.6% of the total number of people, which shows that exercisers in a city’s fitness club exercise more frequently each week.
38
Azarang, Aein, Omid Farshad, Mohammad Mehdi Ommati, Akram Jamshidzadeh, Reza Heidari, Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi und Ahmad Gholami. „Protective Role of Probiotic Supplements in Hepatic Steatosis: A Rat Model Study“. BioMed Research International 2020 (22.11.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5487659.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background. Treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the public health priorities in the past decade. So far, probiotics have represented promising results in controlling the signs and symptoms of NAFLD. However, attempts to find the ideal probiotic strain are still ongoing. The present study is designed to find the best strain amongst suitable probiotic strains according to their ability to ameliorate histopathological and oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatic steatosis-induced rats. Methods. Initially, four probiotics species, including Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, L. casei, L. reuteri, and Bacillus coagulans, were cultured and prepared as a lyophilized powder for animals. The experiment lasted for fifty days. Initially, hepatic steatosis was induced by excessive ingestion of D-fructose in rats for eight weeks, followed by eight weeks of administering probiotics and D-fructose concurrently. Forty-two six-week-old male rats were alienated to different groups and were supplemented with different probiotics ( 1 ∗ 10 9 CFU in 500 mL drinking water). After eight weeks, blood and liver samples were taken for further evaluation, and plasma and oxidative stress markers corresponding to liver injuries were examined. Results. Administration of probiotics over eight weeks reversed hepatic and blood triglyceride concentration and blood glucose levels. Also, probiotics significantly suppressed markers of oxidative stress in the liver tissue. Conclusions. Although some of the single probiotic formulations were able to mitigate oxidative stress markers, mixtures of probiotics significantly ameliorated more symptoms in the NAFLD animals. This enhanced effect might be due to probiotics’ cumulative potential to maintain oxidative stress and deliver improved lipid profiles, liver function markers, and inflammatory markers.
39
ZAFAR, HASSAN, SAJJAD UR RAHMAN, SULTAN ALI und MUHAMMAD TARIQ JAVED. „Evaluation of a Salmonella Strain Isolated from Honeybee Gut as a Potential Live Oral Vaccine Against Lethal Infection of Salmonella Typhimurium“. Polish Journal of Microbiology 68, Nr. 2 (10.06.2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In this research, Salmonella species were isolated from the animal, insect and human enteric sources in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. These species were characterized by different microbiological and molecular techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. Furthermore, sequencing of the amplicons confirmed all ten isolates as Salmonella strains. The antigenic cross-reactivity was found maximum between the HB1 (strain isolated from honeybee) antiserum and its antigen with an antibody titer of 1:128, while the HB1 antiserum showed a cross-reactive titer range of 1:8 to 1:64. On the basis of the highest geometric mean titer (GMT) shown by the antiserum of the HB1 antigen, it was selected as the best candidate for a cross-reactive live Salmonella oral antigen. Moreover, the HB1 antigen was used a live oral antigen (1 × 1010 CFU/ml) in a safety test in rabbits and proved to be avirulent. During the animal trial, three different oral doses of the HB1 live oral antigen were evaluated in four different rabbits’ groups (R1, R2, R3, and R4). The dose number 2 of 0.5 ml (two drops orally and repeated after one week) gave the best GMT measured by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) as compared to the other two doses, while R4 group was kept as control. Results of the challenge protection test also validated the efficacy of the double dose of the HB1 live vaccine, which gave the highest survival percentage. Results of this study lay the foundation for a potential cross-reactive live oral Salmonella vaccine that has proved to be immunogenic in rabbits.
40
Reynolds, Matthew R., Andrea M. Weiler, Shari M. Piaskowski, Holly L. Kolar, Ann J. Hessell, Madelyn Weiker, Kim L. Weisgrau et al. „Macaques Vaccinated with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239Δnef Delay Acquisition and Control Replication after Repeated Low-Dose Heterologous SIV Challenge“. Journal of Virology 84, Nr. 18 (30.06.2010): 9190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00041-10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRACT An effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine will likely need to reduce mucosal transmission and, if infection occurs, control virus replication. To determine whether our best simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine can achieve these lofty goals, we vaccinated eight Indian rhesus macaques with SIVmac239Δnef and challenged them intrarectally (i.r.) with repeated low doses of the pathogenic heterologous swarm isolate SIVsmE660. We detected a significant reduction in acquisition of SIVsmE660 in comparison to that for naïve controls (log rank test; P = 0.023). After 10 mucosal challenges, we detected replication of the challenge strain in only five of the eight vaccinated animals. In contrast, seven of the eight control animals became infected with SIVsmE660 after these 10 challenges. Additionally, the SIVsmE660-infected vaccinated animals controlled peak acute virus replication significantly better than did the naïve controls (Mann-Whitney U test; P = 0.038). Four of the five SIVsmE660 vaccinees rapidly brought virus replication under control by week 4 postinfection. Unfortunately, two of these four vaccinated animals lost control of virus replication during the chronic phase of infection. Bulk sequence analysis of the circulating viruses in these animals indicated that recombination had occurred between the vaccine and challenge strains and likely contributed to the increased virus replication in these animals. Overall, our results suggest that a well-designed HIV vaccine might both reduce the rate of acquisition and control viral replication.
41
Dutta, B., T. Ingram, R. D. Gitaitis, D. B. Langston, T. Brenneman, T. M. Webster und R. F. Davis. „First Report of Bacterial Blight of Sugar Beet Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata in Georgia, USA“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0235-pdn.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is not currently a commercial crop in Georgia, but experimental plantings as a winter rotational crop are promising in terms of yield and industrial sugar production (T. Brenneman, personal communication). A disease outbreak of suspected bacterial origin occurred in sugar beet plots (experimental lines Beta Seed energy beet ‘BTS ENC115,’ ‘BTS EGC184,’ ‘BTS EGC195,’ and ‘BTS 1EN6702’) in Tift Co., GA, in December 2012, at ~35% incidence. Foliar symptoms included circular to irregular spots, each with a tan center and dark margin. Ten leaves/experimental line with leaf spot symptoms were collected, and bacterial isolations made on King's B agar medium. After 48 h of incubation, cream-colored, fluorescent yellow, round colonies with smooth margins were isolated. The isolates were each gram negative, oxidase negative, non-pectolytic on potato, arginine dihydrolase negative, produced levan, and gave a hypersensitivity response (HR) on tobacco. These characteristics indicated that the isolates belonged to Pseudomonas syringae van Hall LOPAT group Ia (3). The 16S-23S rRNA (internal transcribed regions) (1) from four foliar isolates (SB-1, SB-2, SB-3, and SB-4), one/experimental line, was amplified, and the resultant PCR products were sequenced and BLAST searched in GenBank. The 16S-23S rRNA sequences matched those of P. syringae pv. syingae (Pss) (KF023189) and P. syringae pv. aptata (Psa) (AY342167.1) with 96 to 98% and 97 to 99% sequence identity, respectively. Also, the percent similarity of the 16S-23S rRNA sequences among the four isolates was >99% (KJ922021 to 24 for SB-1 to SB-4, respectively). The four test isolates also had ≤89 and ≤99% similarity with Pss and Psa, respectively, when tested with BIOLOG (Hayward, CA). In addition, four sugarbeet isolates along with a type strain of Psa (NCPPB 3539) were amplified using a PCR primer pair that detected the presence of the avrPphE gene, an avirulence gene present in Psa but absent in Pss (2). The type strain of Pss (NCPPB 1770) was not amplified using this primer pair. BOX-PCR analysis gave identical banding patterns for the four isolates as that of a type strain of Psa. In two independent experiments, 3-week-old seedlings of the sugar beet cv. Beta EGR099 (n = 10 seedlings/isolate/experiment) were spray-inoculated with a sterilized water suspension of 1 × 108 CFU/ml of each of the isolates. All of the inoculated seedlings developed symptoms (water-soaked lesions that developed into necrotic spots) 10 days after inoculation (DAI) in greenhouse conditions (~30°C and ~80% RH). All of the seedlings inoculated with the type strain of Psa also produced typical bacterial blight symptoms at 10 DAI. In contrast, five control seedlings inoculated with sterilized water remained asymptomatic, and target bacterial colonies were not re-isolated from the leaves of these plants. Bacterial colonies were re-isolated from symptomatic seedlings, and showed similar characteristics based on physiological tests, BIOLOG profile, BOX-PCR analysis, and positive amplification with the avrPphE PCR assay, which indicated that these strains were Psa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Psa in sugarbeet in Georgia. The fact that a Psa strain was also isolated from a sugar beet seed lot (data not shown) suggested that the pathogen may have been introduced on contaminated seeds. Knowledge of the presence of Psa in the agro-ecosystem of Georgia may encourage scientists to implement integrated management practices for this pathogen. References: (1) C. Guasp et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:1629, 2000. (2) Y. Inoue and Y. Takikawa. Page 687 in: Presentations 6th Int. Conf. Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens, 2003. (3) R. A. Lelliot et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.
42
Derlatka, Anna, Marcin Dyner und Piotr Lacki. „Evaluation of Load-Bearing Capacity of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) Joints Made of Titanium Gr 5 Sheets“. Key Engineering Materials 687 (April 2016): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.687.212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The paper presents an analysis of load capacity for welded specimens made of titanium Grade 5 of 0.8 mm thickness. The lap joins were made by Resistance Spot Welding (RSW). The load capacity for joints with a single spot were assessed. The joints were welded with 5 variants of welding parameters. On the basis of the capacity of the joints, the best performance were selected. The best welding parameters were used to make three types of joints with different spacing of the welds: with a single weld, the two welds arranged parallel to the shearing direction and two welds arranged perpendicular to the shearing direction. The load capacity, a plastic strains distribution and a method of cracking were assessed. An example of the feasibility of a beam construction made of titanium grade 5 sheets welded by resistance spot welding were shown.
43
Adebambo, A. O., C. O. N. Ikeobi, M. O. Ozoje und O. A. Adebambo. „Variation in growth performance of pure and crossed meat type chickens“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, Nr. 2 (29.12.2020): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i2.1302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Genetic variation from a combination of four breeds of chickens (Anak Titan, Alpha, Giriraja and Normal indigenous chickens) were examined for importance of sire, dam, season and sex on growth traits using a Mixed-model Least-Squares and Maximum LIkelihood computer program. The results show that sire and dam genotypes significantly (P<0.05) affected growth. Anak Titan cocks and hens performed best in body weight (BW) with values ranging from 38.45±0.74g and 40.21±0.66g at day old to 1135.93 35.67g and 953.38 35.38g at week 12 respectively. Normal indigenous and Alpha improved indigenous performed better in linear body parameters. Genetic correlation coefficients among parameters for all the breeds were generally high. Positive estimates ranged from 0.15 for breast girth (BG) and keel length (KL) at week four to 0.99 for BG-KL at week tweve while negative values ranged from -0.783 for body weight (BW) and wing length (WL) at week four to -0.99 for BW-BG at week twelve. Heritability estimates for body weight ranged from 0.14 at week one to 0.63 at week four. It can be concluded that appreciable variation exists for growth traits among the strains of chickens. Such variations can be utilized for improvement in the present emvironment.
44
Sunil, Kodichetty Ramaiah, Merin John, Venkatachalapathi Girish und Sirangala Thimappa Girisha. „A Comparative Study of Bioethanol Production from Aquatic Weeds“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, Nr. 3 (25.09.2015): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A greatest challenge for society in the 21st century is to meet energy demand, where biomass is subjected for pre-treatment and converted into biofuel (alcohol). Aquatic weeds are potential bio resources which are easily available for biofuel production. Aquatic weeds like Alternanthera sessilis, Typha latifolia, Eichhornia crassipes, Baccopa monnieri, Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes are estimated for carbohydrates content. Highest content of reducing sugar was observed in Alternanthera sessilis (296.8µg/ml), total sugar in Ipomoea aquatic (880.00mg/ml), starch in Alternanthera sessilis (57.13mg/ml), cellulose in Pistia stratiotes and Typha latifolia (280.00mg/ml), hemicellulose in Typha latifolia (26.85mg/ml); high cellulosic aquatic weeds were subjected to pre-treatment methods like physical, chemical and enzymatic method.Meanwhile different yeast strains from the fruits of Manilkara zapota, Cucumis melo, Musa paradisiaca, Citrullus lanatus, Punica granatum and Ananas comosus were isolated yeast of Citrullus lanatus shows highest amount of alcohol production (307µg/ml), which is inoculated to pre-treated hydrolysate, where Alternanthera sessilis and Typha latifolia shows high amount of alcohol in physical method (160.5 and 115.4µg/ml). In chemical method in acid hydrolysis it shows 387.1 and 69.63µg/ml and in alkali hydrolysis 62 and 170µg/ml, so these two weeds were taken for enzymatic method for alcohol production, on seventh day Alternanthera sessilis shows highest alcohol production (113.33µg/ml), hence among six weeds Alternanthera sessilis and the yeast of Citrullus lanatus produces more amount of alcohol than others and it also shows that enzymatic method of pre-treatment is best in hydrolysis of biomass than physical and chemical method. The study revealed the possibility of producing alcohol from locally available fruits using simple, cheap and adaptable technology with biochemically characterized yeast strains.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 446-451
45
Soewono, Eddy Bambang, Maisevli Harika, Cahya Ramadhan und Muhammad Reyhan Soeharto. „Model ARIMA Terbaik Prediksi Latitude dan Longitude Kegiatan Kapal Imigran Ilegal“. JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, Nr. 4 (26.10.2021): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i4.3301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The migration of a person to another country without following the law is illegal immigration. Many problems are caused by this activity, ranging from population problems to increased crime. Predicting the emergence of ships carrying illegal immigrants can assist border patrols in planning patrols to planning defense equipment. Time series forecasting to predict the latitude and longitude of boats carrying illegal immigrants is the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The case studies for this research are the Straits of Malacca and the Riau Islands. The prediction range is from one to four weeks to find the model with the smallest error. The ARIMA model for one-week prediction distance succeeded in obtaining the smallest RMSE. However, the smallest RMSE result (0.28730) was obtained for a four-week prediction distance with ARIMA model parameters (4,0,2) for longitude prediction. Meanwhile, the prediction of latitude. The best model is ARIMA (4,0,1), with an RMSE of 0.11457. For latitude and longitude predictions in the Riau Islands, the best models are ARIMA (3,0,0) with RMSE of 0.009074 and ARIMA (2,0,0) with RMSE 0.045815. Based on this study, the ARIMA model is suitable for predicting latitude and longitude data with a short prediction distance (one week)
46
Feinisa Khairani, Astrid, Muhammad Afif Auliya, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno, Yunisa Pamela, Kurnia Wahyudi, Nandina Oktavia und Mohammad Iqbal. „A Modified Goldblatt 2K1C Kidney Arterial Ligation Method and Salt Consumption: Which one is Best for Hypertensive Mouse Model?“ Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, Nr. 1 (28.02.2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1623.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Goldblatt method is one of several methods that can be used in making mouse model of hypertension. The principle of the Goldblatt method itself aims to cause renovascular hypertension by constricting renal blood vessels that results in hypoxic injury and consequently affects the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). This study aims to determine whether a modification to the Goldblatt method and an additional high salt consumption could be a more effective method in developing a mouse model of hypertension. This study was done on DDY strain mice with 4 weeks of age and 25-30 grams of weight. A simple ligation to constrict renal blood vessel was used as modification from the original Goldblatt 2K1C (two-kidney, one-clip) method. A total of 32 mice were randomized to receive either a modified Goldblatt, modified Goldblatt with salt diet, sham surgery only, or sham with salt diet. Blood pressure was measured at baseline, first week after intervention, and second week after intervention. The data was then analysed by repeated ANOVA method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to analyse histology appearance. This study showed that using a high salt diet only-method generated a hypertensive state faster compared to the modified Goldblatt method, while the modified Goldblatt method produced a steadier increase of blood pressure. Statistically, there was a significant difference of blood pressure between the sham and salt diet group compared to the other three groups at the first week after intervention (p<0,05). The resulting blood pressure from all the methods used in this study was influenced by time. From all four interventions, it is concluded that the modified Goldblatt 2K1C arterial ligation method with an additional high salt consumption had an effect on mice blood pressure. It is prospective to use the salt intervention method for study of hypertension with a short-time period because its acute effect on the rise of diastolic blood pressure was more rapid than the other three groups. On the other hand, the ligation group produced a steadier increase in diastolic blood pressure, therefore might be effective to be used for study of hypertension in a long-time period.
47
Łepecka, Anna, Dorota Zielińska, Monika Brejnak, Aleksandra Ołdak und Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska. „Technological properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus K3 isolated from fermented cabbage and its potential use as starter culture for fermented food products“. Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 121, Nr. 4 (2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2019/121/315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The objective of the research study was to specify technological properties of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus K3 strain. This bacterial strain was tested for its ability to grow under the processing conditions, such as temperature [ºC]: 10, 15, 45, pH value: 3.9, 6.4, 9.6, and a high NaCl concentration [%]: 5, 8, 10. Biochemical tests (sugar fermentation and enzyme activity) were carried out and the survival of those bacteria was assayed in the medium depending on the type of food (milk, tomato juice, and beef broth). Milk fermented with Lb. rhamnosus K3 was subjected to 6-week incubation. The results showed that the Lb. rhamnosus K3 strain was able to grow at different temperatures but within a narrow pH range. The bacterial strain did not tolerate high NaCl concentrations, however it grew well in any kind of food medium. A particularly good bacterial growth was observed in milk. Lb. rhamnosus K3 was able to metabolize sugars. This strain did not reduce nitrates; no catalase activity was detected either. The β-galactosidase enzyme was identified. The best temperature of milk fermentation was proved to be 37 ºC. It was also found that Lb. rhamnosus K3 had functional properties allowing its use as a starter culture for milk. The number of bacterial cells remained at a level higher than 8 log CFU/ml throughout the entire 6-week incubation of refrigeration storage (4 ºC). The bacteria of Lactobacillus rhamnosus K3 were capable of fermenting milk confirming their suitability as a starter culture for milk products.
48
Barbosa, Frederico S., Odécio Sanches, Constança S. Barbosa und Francisco Arruda. „Dynamics of snail populations of Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea under semi-natural conditions“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 1992): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1992000200007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Growth curves and mortality rates for populations of Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea bred under semi-natural conditions are reponed. Snail populations of the above species were maintained for 220 weeks in indoor cement channels. Data were recorded at 20 week intervals. Crude densities are significantly different for each of the studied populations. B. glabrata showed the lower figure while B. straminea R3 strain showed the best performance. The latter is able to live in half the volume of water needed for B. glabrata when both are submitted to population pressure.
49
Mosobalaje, M. A., und A. A. Adedoyin. „Comparative study on pre and post point of lay performance of noiler and two commercial pullets“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, Nr. 5 (10.11.2021): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The use of Noiler strain as commercial laying chicken is gradually becoming popular in Nigeria, however, performance of chicken is affected by strain. The pre and post point of lay characteristics of three strains of commercial pullets: Isa Brown, Nera Black and Noiler were studied using 300 day-old chicks (100 chicks per strain) purchased from local hatcheries. The birds were raised on commercial feed for ten weeks before the commencement of the study. The experimental birds were allotted into three treatments. There were four replicates per treatment and each replicate contained 25 birds. The 12 replicates were arranged in a complete randomized design. For the post point of lay study, 15 birds were randomly selected from each replicate. Commercial grower mash was fed to the three strains before the birds attained point of lay, however, layer mash was used when the birds became layers. The parameters collected for pre lay characteristics were initial weight, feed intake, body weight at 18th week, weight gain, egg weight at 24 weeks, mortality, age at first egg, weight of the first egg, age at 20% Hen Day Production (HDP). The post point of lay study lasted thirty- four weeks. The parameters considered were HDP at 24th week, average egg production, egg weight and final weight. The values obtained for feed intake, weight at 18 week, weight gain and age at 20% HDPwere significantly (P<0.05) different. Noiler had values 85.86g/bird/day, 2189.23g/bird, 12.52g/bird/day and 160.75days, respectively and were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained for the other two strains. However, Isa brown and Nera black had similar (p>0.05) values for these parameters (63.73 and 61.09 g/bird/day; 1493.33 and 1531.25g/bird; 8.95 and 8.84 g/bird/day; 155.00 and 153.75days, respectively). Weight of first egg, mortality, age at first egg and weight of eggs at 24 week old were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by strains, however, Noiler growing pullets recorded the lowest values for these parameters. The ranges were 40.43 – 44.43g; 0.00 – 1.00%; 136.25 – 145.00d and 52.25 – 57.11g, respectively. Results of post point of lay revealed that feed intake, final weight and egg weight were affected by the strains. Noiler had highest values (132.24g/day/bird, 2.76kg/bird and 63.80g, respectively) which were significantly higher (p<0.05) than values for Nera black (129.82g/day/bird, 2.06kg/bird and 59.72g, respectively) and Isa brown (128.40g/day/bird, 1.93kg/bird and 58.03g, respectively). Egg productions were also significantly affected (p<0.05) and favoured Isa brown strain. Conclusively, this study showed that growth and production performance of chicken are influenced by strains; Noiler chicken showed better growth performance, however, Isa brown had the best egg production performance.
L'utilisation de la souche de noiler en tant que poulet ponte commerciale devient progressivement populaire au Nigéria, cependant, la performance de poulet est affectée par la souche. Les caractéristiques postales de trois souches de poulettes commerciales: Isa Brown, Naera Noir et Noiler ont été étudiées avec des poussins de 300 jours (100 poussins par souche) achetés dans des écloseries locales. Les oiseaux ont été élevés sur des aliments commerciaux pendant dix semaines avant le début de l'étude. Les oiseaux expérimentaux ont été attribués en trois traitements. Il y avait quatre répliquant par traitement et chaque réplique contenait 25 oiseaux. Les 12 répliquant ont été disposés dans une conception randomisée complète. Pour le point de post de l'étude laïque, 15 oiseaux ont été choisis de manière aléatoire à partir de chaque manche de producteurs de répliqué. De la purée commerciale de producteurs a été donnée aux trois souches avant que les oiseaux n'atteignent le point de ponte, cependant, une purée de poules pondeuses a été utilisée lorsque les poules sont devenues pondeuses. Les paramètres recueillis pour des caractéristiques pré-posées ont été un poids initial, une consommation alimentaire, un poids corporel à la 18ème semaine, un gain de poids, un poids d'œufs à 24 semaines, la mortalité, l'âge au premier œwuf, le poids du premier œuf, l'âge à 20% de production de la journée de poule (PJP). Le point postal de l'étude laïque a duré trente-quatre semaines. Les paramètres considérés sont considérés en PJP à 24ème de semaine, la production moyenne des œufs, le poids des œufs et le poids final. Les valeurs obtenues pour l'apport alimentaire, le poids à la 18ème semaine, le gain de poids et l'âge à 20% de PJP étaient de manière significative (p <0,05) différente. Noiler avait des valeurs 85.86g / oiseau / jour, 2189,23g / oiseau, 12.52g / oiseau / jour et 160,75 jours, respectivement et étaient significativement (p <0,05) supérieur aux valeurs obtenues pour les deux autres souches. Cependant, Isa Brown et Nera Black avaient des valeurs similaires (p> 0,05) pour ces paramètres (63,73 et 61,09 g / oiseau / jour; 1493,33 et 1531,25g / oiseau; 8,95 et 8,84 g / oiseau / jour; 155,00 et 153,75 jours, respectivement). Le poids du premier œuf, la mortalité, l'âge au premier œuf et le poids d'œufs à 24 semaines n'était pas significativement affecté (p> 0,05) par des souches, cependant, les poulettes de croissance noiler ont enregistré les valeurs les plus basses pour ces paramètres. Les gammes étaient de 40,43 - 44,43g; 0,00 - 1,00%; 136.25 - 145.00d et 52,25 - 57.11g, respectivement. Les résultats du post point de ponte ont révélé que la prise alimentaire, le poids final et le poids des œufs étaient affectés par les souches. Noiler avait des valeurs les plus élevées (132,24 g / jour / oiseau, 2,76 kg / oiseau et 63.80g, respectivement) qui étaient significativement plus élevées (p <0,05) que des valeurs pour Nera noir (129,82 g / jour / oiseau, 2,06 kg / oiseau et 59,72 g, respectivement) et Isa Brown (128,40 g / jour / oiseau, 1,93 kg / oiseau et 58,03g, respectivement). Les productions d'œufs ont également été significativement affectées (p <0,05) et favorisent la souche Isa Brown. En conclusion, cette étude a montré que la croissance et la performance de la production de poulet sont influencées par des souches; Le poulet de noiler a révélé une meilleure performance de croissance, cependant, Isa Brown avait la meilleure performance de la production d'œufs.
50
Zoledowska, Sabina, Agata Motyka, Dominika Zukowska, Wojciech Sledz und Ewa Lojkowska. „Population Structure and Biodiversity of Pectobacterium parmentieri Isolated from Potato Fields in Temperate Climate“. Plant Disease 102, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-17-0761-re.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Pectobacterium parmentieri (formerly Pectobacterium wasabiae) is a newly established species of pectinolytic plant-pathogenic bacteria responsible for the symptoms of soft rot and blackleg on potato. In this work, we describe biodiversity and the population structure of P. parmentieri strains isolated during two consecutive growing seasons from the seed potato fields in Poland. About 450 samples of diseased potato tubers, potato plants, or accompanying weeds were collected throughout the country and tested for the presence of P. parmentieri by molecular identification methods. We found that P. parmentieri strains commonly occur in almost all regions of Poland. Furthermore, these isolates constituted significant fraction of pectinolytic bacteria from seed potato fields because 16% (2013) and 13% (2014) of the analyzed plant samples were infected with P. parmentieri. Subsequently, a detailed characterization of the obtained strains was conducted basing on repetitive sequences profiling, recA-gene-based phylogeny, and phenotypic features. By applying repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR), we revealed the presence of five distinct genomic profiles among P. parmentieri strains, with profile I being the most abundant (approximately 44%). The performed recA gene-based phylogenetic analysis divided P. parmentieri isolates into two distinct clades, although the strains originating from different years did not group separately. Evaluation of the phenotypic traits playing crucial roles for the virulence of pectinolytic bacteria (namely, pectinase, cellulase and protease activities, and siderophore production, in addition to potato tissue maceration, swimming, and swarming motility) indicated some differences among the characterized strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that describes biodiversity and the population structure of P. parmentieri isolated in two growing seasons under temperate climate conditions and, hence, illustrates high heterogeneity within this species.