Dissertationen zum Thema „Bent wood“

Orientador: Mauro Augusto Demarzo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Ubanismo
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Resumo: A preservacao engloba todas as acoes que beneficiam a manutencao de um bem cultural, o que inclui a criacao de leis, realizacao de projetos de conservacao, restauracao, intervencoes no entorno do patrimonio, etc, e tem como objetivo principal manter a autenticidade historica e integridade do patrimonio cultural, para que as geracoes futuras possam desfrutar desse bem. A melhor maneira de entender como tratar o patrimonio cultural e compreender a natureza dos materiais que fazem parte da sua constituicao, como, por exemplo, a madeira. Com foco neste material, serão analisadas a sua anatomia, e a maneira como ela se comporta diante de agentes deterioradores, apresentando tambem metodos de combate. No caso de objetos de propriedade cultural, o emprego de determinados tipos de produtos e preocupante, pois, podem alterar alguns componentes destas pecas. A partir desta preocupacao, pesquisadores de todo o mundo vem se empenhando em desenvolver métodos atoxicos para o controle de pragas. Assim, em um primeiro momento, neste trabalho, serao apresentados os conceitos sobre patrimonio historico, e sua representatividade no cenario brasileiro; em um segundo momento, apresentar-se-a a biologia da madeira, para que, desta forma, se compreenda o material a ser trabalhado; em um terceiro momento, serao listados os agentes causadores da degradacao na madeira, e, em seguida, os metodos preservativos e curativos para esses danos. Por fim, serão analisados dois casos de intervencao em patrimonio historico em madeira em condicoes diferentes, ou seja, em duas regioes do país: a) Cobertura do ginásio poliesportivo do Pacaembu, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, no Estado de São Paulo, região Sudeste; b) Catedral da Se, localizada na cidade de Belém, no Estado do Para, região Norte
Abstract: Preservation includes every action that benefits the maintenance of a cultural heritage,including the creation of laws, realization of conservation's projects, restoration and interventions in the surrounding areas, among others. Its main goal is to keep the historical authenticity of the cultural heritage and its integrity, so that future generations be able to appreciate it. The most fitting way to learn how to deal with a historical heritage is by understanding the nature of the materials that compose its arrangement; in the present case, the wood. Therefore, we will analyze wood's anatomy, the way it behave against aggressive agents and also show some ways to fight these pathologies. However, in the particular case of objects of cultural value, the adoption of such compounds is source of concern as they can modify the nature of these pieces. To address such a concern, researchers from around the world are spending efforts in the development of non-toxic methods for plague control. Regarding the Brazilian scenario some of these methods have not yet been adapted to the local reality as weather, plague species and constructive techniques are different from other countries. This way is interesting to retrieve as much information as possible about Brazilian wood's historical heritage. Therefore, this work will first present concepts regarding historical heritage and its representativeness of the Brazilian scenario; in a second moment the wood's biology will be shown, in order to fully understand the material we are dealing with. After that, agents that cause wood's degeneration will be listed and in what follows some methods for the preservation and healing of such damage will be presented. At the end, this work evaluates two cases of intervention in a wood's historical heritage. Always keeping in sight the fact that Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, we chose cases of distinct nature. That is it, cases from two different regions of the country: a) Cover of the Pacaembu Gymnasium, located in the city of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo state, southeast region, and the; b) Cathedral of the Se, located in the city of Belem, Para state, north region
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The return to democratic theory of Benedict Espinosa by the Marxists Antonio Negri and Marilena Chauí has raised many controversies. Ellen Meiksins Wood, who is also a Marxist, strongly disagrees with the conclusions that Negri and Chauí arrived at by stating that Spinoza's democratic theory is revolutionary and emancipatory. Ellen Wood believes that Spinoza's democratic theory was, in fact, an oligarchic republican theory that in practice corresponded to the political and social interests of the Dutch trading elites. How can we explain such divergent and even contradictory interpretations by intellectuals of the same political orientation (all of them admittedly Marxist)? What is more curious is that Ellen Wood's conclusions are closer to the neoconservative Leo Strauss's reading of Spinoza, by methodological means and with a very different political bias, which led him to conclude that Bento Espinosa's democratic theory is about A liberal democracy of religious origin. We believe that the answer can be search in the analysis of how each of them considered the relationship between political ideas and the social context. In this sense, the main objective of this paper is to discuss the methodological assumptions of Neal Wood's social contextualism based on the "renewal" of Marxian historical materialism and the application made by Ellen Wood in the interpretation of Bento Espinosa's political theory.
O retorno a teoria democrática de Bento Espinosa pelos marxistas Antonio Negri e Marilena Chauí tem levantado muitas polêmicas. Ellen Wood, que também é marxista, discorda totalmente das conclusões que Negri e Chauí chegaram ao afirmar que a teoria democrática de Espinosa é revolucionária e emancipatória. Ellen Wood acredita que a teoria democrática de Espinosa era, de fato, uma teoria republicana oligárquica que na prática correspondia aos interesses políticos e sociais das elites comerciais holandesas. Como explicar interpretações tão divergentes e até mesmo contraditórias feitas por intelectuais de uma mesma orientação política (todos assumidamente marxistas)? O mais curioso é que as conclusões de Ellen Wood se aproximam mais da leitura que o neoconservador Leo Strauss fez de Espinosa, por vias metodológicas e com um viés político bem diferente, que o levou a concluir que a teoria democrática de Bento Espinosa se trata de uma democracia liberal de origem religiosa. Acreditamos que a resposta pode ser buscada na análise do modo como cada um deles considerou a relação entre as ideias políticas e o contexto social. Neste sentido, o objetivo central deste trabalho é discutir os pressupostos metodológicos do contextualismo social desenvolvido por Neal Wood a partir da “renovação” do materialismo histórico marxiano e a aplicação feita por Ellen Wood na interpretação da teoria política de Bento Espinosa.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a worldwide growing technology, however it is not yet completely accepted. Of all of the business processes in an organization, marketing is perhaps one of the natural fitting-processes to apply GIS. Even though there is recent research regarding applications of GIS in the wood products industry, those applications are mostly related to biomass mapping and logistics issues. Little research has been conducted on the utilization of GIS as part of the marketing strategic plan in this industry. Thus, the main goal of this project is to understand GIS uses on marketing application in the wood products industry, specifically in the marketing mix strategic plan. The approach of this project consisted of the collection and analysis of data from secondary wood products industries in the state of Virginia. In addition, a case of study on current users of GIS applications was conducted. Once the data from the survey and the case study were collected, validated, and analyzed; applications and guidelines for the use of GIS in marketing activities were developed. The first application was the creation of a relational database to organize the information and to create an industry directory for secondary wood products industries. Secondly, clustering techniques were used to test if wood products companies cluster around certain geographical regions. Confirmation of the clustering led to the construction of an online map. Finally, guidelines were developed to describe how to use GIS in the marketing process of wood products firms. By increasing the knowledge and developing guidelines on GIS uses on marketing mix applications this study will help the wood products industry, other practitioners and the academic community, by providing insight of the industry, possible uses to simplify the strategic process and gain understanding of the environment among other.
Master of Science

We explore in this study the different Natural Language Processing state-of-the art technologies that allow transforming textual data into numerical representation. We go through the theory of the existing traditional methods as well as the most recent ones. This thesis focuses on the recent advances in Natural Language processing being developed upon the Transfer model. One of the most relevant innovations was the release of a deep bidirectional encoder called BERT that broke several state of the art results. BERT utilises Transfer Learning to improve modelling language dependencies in text. BERT is used for several different languages, other specialized model were released like the french BERT: Camembert. This thesis compares the language models of these different pre-trained models and compares their capability to insure a domain adaptation. Using the multilingual and the french pre-trained version of BERT and a dataset from AXA France’s emails, clients’ messages, legal documents, insurance documents containing over 60 million words. We fine-tuned the language models in order to adapt them on the Axa insurance’s french context to create a French AXAInsurance BERT model. We evaluate the performance of this model on the capability of the language model of predicting a masked token based on the context. BERT proves to perform better : modelling better the french AXA’s insurance text without finetuning than Camembert. However, with this small amount of data, Camembert is more capable of adaptation to this specific domain of insurance.
I denna studie undersöker vi de senaste teknologierna för Natural Language Processing, som gör det möjligt att omvandla textdata till numerisk representation. Vi går igenom teorin om befintliga traditionella metoder såväl som de senaste. Denna avhandling fokuserar på de senaste framstegen inom bearbetning av naturliga språk som utvecklats med hjälp av överföringsmodellen. En av de mest relevanta innovationerna var lanseringen av en djup dubbelriktad kodare som heter BERT som bröt flera toppmoderna resultat. BERT använder Transfer Learning för att förbättra modelleringsspråkberoenden i text. BERT används för flera olika språk, andra specialmodeller släpptes som den franska BERT: Camembert. Denna avhandling jämför språkmodellerna för dessa olika förutbildade modeller och jämför deras förmåga att säkerställa en domänanpassning. Med den flerspråkiga och franska förutbildade versionen av BERT och en dataset från AXA Frankrikes epostmeddelanden, kundmeddelanden, juridiska dokument, försäkringsdokument som innehåller över 60 miljoner ord. Vi finjusterade språkmodellerna för att anpassa dem till Axas försäkrings franska sammanhang för att skapa en fransk AXAInsurance BERT-modell. Vi utvärderar prestandan för denna modell på förmågan hos språkmodellen att förutsäga en maskerad token baserat på sammanhanget. BERTpresterar bättre: modellerar bättre den franska AXA-försäkringstexten utan finjustering än Camembert. Men med denna lilla mängd data är Camembert mer kapabel att anpassa sig till denna specifika försäkringsdomän.

Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-28).
We have investigated the near liquidus phase relations of a primitive absarokite from the Mascota region in Western Mexico. Sample M. 102 was chosen because it has high MgO contents, a high Mg# and Fo90 olivine phenocrysts, indicating it is primitive mantle melt. Highpressure experiments on a synthetic analogue of the absarokite composition with a H20 content of either -1.7 wt% or -5.1 wt% were carried out in a piston cylinder apparatus. The composition with -1.7 wt% H20 is multiply saturated with olivine and orthopyroxene as liquidus phases at 1.6 GPa and 14000C. At the same pressure clinopyroxene appears 300C below the liquidus. With a H20 content of -5.1 wt% composition M.102 is multiply saturated with olivine and orthopyroxene on the liquidus at 1.7 GPa and 13000 C. Assuming batch melting, we suggest that absarokite M. 102 segregated from a depleted lherzolite or harzburgite residue at depth -50 km depth in the mantle wedge. Unlike most lavas in the region, the absarokite has not ponded and fractionated at the crust mantle interface (-35-40 km), and the temperatures of multiple saturation indicate that the mantle wedge beneath the Jalisco block is hotter than previously thought. The low degree batch melting of an original metasomatised harzburgite source, can produce the observed trace element abundances. The liquidus phase relations are not consistent with the presence of non-peridotitic veins at the depth of last equilibration. Therefore, we propose that the Mascota absarokites segregated at an apparent melt fraction of less than 5% from a depleted peridotitic source. They initially formed by a small degree of melting of a metasomatised original source at greater depth.
by Marc Hesse.
S.M.

When classifying texts using a linear classifier, the texts are commonly represented as feature vectors. Previous methods to represent features as vectors have been unable to capture the context of individual words in the texts, in theory leading to a poor representation of natural language. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), uses a multi-headed self-attention mechanism to create deep bidirectional feature representations, able to model the whole context of all words in a sequence. A BERT model uses a transfer learning approach, where it is pre-trained on a large amount of data and can be further fine-tuned for several down-stream tasks. This thesis uses one multilingual, and two dedicated Swedish BERT models, for the task of classifying Swedish texts as of either easy-to-read or standard complexity in their respective domains. The performance on the text classification task using the different models is then compared both with feature representation methods used in earlier studies, as well as with the other BERT models. The results show that all models performed better on the classification task than the previous methods of feature representation. Furthermore, the dedicated Swedish models show better performance than the multilingual model, with the Swedish model pre-trained on more diverse data outperforming the other.

Les systèmes de traduction automatique (TA), qui génèrent automatiquement la phrase de la langue cible pour chaque entrée de la langue source, ont obtenu plusieurs réalisations convaincantes pendant les dernières décennies et deviennent les aides linguistiques efficaces pour la communauté entière dans un monde globalisé. Néanmoins, en raison de différents facteurs, sa qualité en général est encore loin de la perfection, constituant le désir des utilisateurs de savoir le niveau de confiance qu'ils peuvent mettre sur une traduction spécifique. La construction d'une méthode qui est capable d'indiquer des bonnes parties ainsi que d'identifier des erreurs de la traduction est absolument une bénéfice pour non seulement les utilisateurs, mais aussi les traducteurs, post-éditeurs, et les systèmes de TA eux-mêmes. Nous appelons cette méthode les mesures de confiance (MC). Cette thèse se porte principalement sur les méthodes des MC au niveau des mots (MCM). Le système de MCM assigne à chaque mot de la phrase cible un étiquette de qualité. Aujourd'hui, les MCM jouent un rôle croissant dans nombreux aspects de TA. Tout d'abord, elles aident les post-éditeurs d'identifier rapidement les erreurs dans la traduction et donc d'améliorer leur productivité de travail. De plus, elles informent les lecteurs des portions qui ne sont pas fiables pour éviter leur malentendu sur le contenu de la phrase. Troisièmement, elles sélectionnent la meilleure traduction parmi les sorties de plusieurs systèmes de TA. Finalement, et ce qui n'est pas le moins important, les scores MCM peuvent aider à perfectionner la qualité de TA via certains scénarios: ré-ordonnance des listes N-best, ré-décodage du graphique de la recherche, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous visons à renforcer et optimiser notre système de MCM, puis à l'exploiter pour améliorer TA ainsi que les mesures de confiance au niveau des phrases (MCP). Comparer avec les approches précédentes, nos nouvelles contributions étalent sur les points principaux comme suivants. Tout d'abord, nous intégrons différents types des paramètres: ceux qui sont extraits du système TA, avec des caractéristiques lexicales, syntaxiques et sémantiques pour construire le système MCM de base. L'application de différents méthodes d'apprentissage nous permet d'identifier la meilleure (méthode: "Champs conditionnels aléatoires") qui convient le plus nos donnés. En suite, l'efficacité de touts les paramètres est plus profond examinée en utilisant un algorithme heuristique de sélection des paramètres. Troisièmement, nous exploitons l'algorithme Boosting comme notre méthode d'apprentissage afin de renforcer la contribution des sous-ensembles des paramètres dominants du système MCM, et en conséquence d'améliorer la capacité de prédiction du système MCM. En outre, nous enquérons les contributions des MCM vers l'amélioration de la qualité de TA via différents scénarios. Dans le re-ordonnance des liste N-best, nous synthétisons les scores à partir des sorties du système MCM et puis les intégrons avec les autres scores du décodeur afin de recalculer la valeur de la fonction objective, qui nous permet d'obtenir un mieux candidat. D'ailleurs, dans le ré-décodage du graphique de la recherche, nous appliquons des scores de MCM directement aux noeuds contenant chaque mot pour mettre à jour leurs coûts. Une fois la mise à jour se termine, la recherche pour meilleur chemin sur le nouveau graphique nous donne la nouvelle hypothèse de TA. Finalement, les scores de MCM sont aussi utilisés pour renforcer les performances des systèmes de MCP. Au total, notre travail apporte une image perspicace et multidimensionnelle sur des MCM et leurs impacts positifs sur différents secteurs de la TA. Les résultats très prometteurs ouvrent une grande avenue où MCM peuvent exprimer leur rôle, comme: MCM pour la reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP), pour la sélection parmi plusieurs systèmes de TA, et pour les systèmes de TA auto-apprentissage
Machine Translation (MT) systems, which generate automatically the translation of a target language for each source sentence, have achieved impressive gains during the recent decades and are now becoming the effective language assistances for the entire community in a globalized world. Nonetheless, due to various factors, MT quality is still not perfect in general, and the end users therefore expect to know how much should they trust a specific translation. Building a method that is capable of pointing out the correct parts, detecting the translation errors and concluding the overall quality of each MT hypothesis is definitely beneficial for not only the end users, but also for the translators, post-editors, and MT systems themselves. Such method is widely known under the name Confidence Estimation (CE) or Quality Estimation (QE). The motivations of building such automatic estimation methods originate from the actual drawbacks of assessing manually the MT quality: this task is time consuming, effort costly, and sometimes impossible in case where the readers have little or no knowledge of the source language. This thesis mostly focuses on the CE methods at word level (WCE). The WCE classifier tags each word in the MT output a quality label. The WCE working mechanism is straightforward: a classifier trained beforehand by a number of features using ML methods computes the confidence score of each label for each MT output word, then tag this word with highest score label. Nowadays, WCE shows an increasing importance in many aspects of MT. Firstly, it assists the post-editors to quickly identify the translation errors, hence improve their productivity. Secondly, it informs readers of portions of sentence that are not reliable to avoid the misunderstanding about the sentence's content. Thirdly, it selects the best translation among options from multiple MT systems. Last but not least, WCE scores can help to improve the MT quality via some scenarios: N-best list re-ranking, Search Graph Re-decoding, etc. In this thesis, we aim at building and optimizing our baseline WCE system, then exploiting it to improve MT and Sentence Confidence Estimation (SCE). Compare to the previous approaches, our novel contributions spread of these following main points. Firstly, we integrate various types of prediction indicators: system-based features extracted from the MT system, together with lexical, syntactic and semantic features to build the baseline WCE systems. We also apply multiple Machine Learning (ML) models on the entire feature set and then compare their performances to select the optimal one to optimize. Secondly, the usefulness of all features is deeper investigated using a greedy feature selection algorithm. Thirdly, we propose a solution that exploits Boosting algorithm as a learning method in order to strengthen the contribution of dominant feature subsets to the system, thus improve of the system's prediction capability. Lastly, we explore the contributions of WCE in improving MT quality via some scenarios. In N-best list re-ranking, we synthesize scores from WCE outputs and integrate them with decoder scores to calculate again the objective function value, then to re-order the N-best list to choose a better candidate. In the decoder's search graph re-decoding, the proposition is to apply WCE score directly to the nodes containing each word to update its cost regarding on the word quality. Furthermore, WCE scores are used to build useful features, which can enhance the performance of the Sentence Confidence Estimation system. In total, our work brings the insightful and multidimensional picture of word quality prediction and its positive impact on various sectors for Machine Translation. The promising results open up a big avenue where WCE can play its role, such as WCE for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) System, WCE for multiple MT selection, and WCE for re-trainable and self-learning MT systems

In Kentucky, Best Management Practices (BMPs) were developed to protect the integrity of water resources during and after silvicultural operations, but their effectiveness is largely unknown. The study objectives were to (1) quantify the extent to which current BMPs minimized logging-related changes in stream water quality, channel morphology, and the content of woody debris and (2) quantify the extent to which modified BMPs influenced these characteristics. Six watersheds in eastern Kentucky were commercially logged in 2008-2009. In each watershed, one of three treatments was implemented (each replicated once). Treatment 1 (BMP) was based on current Kentucky BMPs. In treatments 2 (BMP+) and 3 (BMP++), current BMPs were modified with additional protective measures. Before the harvest, sampling sites were established in each watershed. Channel morphology and woody debris data were collected at each site in 2006 and again 2014. Data for water chemistry were retrieved from ongoing sampling records. BMP watersheds were compared to one another and to unharvested control watersheds in each year independently. Data within each individual watershed were also compared across years. The results indicate that current BMPs were effective in minimizing changes in the watershed characteristics examined here, and the benefits of modified BMPs were highly variable.

A madeira é considerada um compósito natural de extrema complexidade, constituído basicamente por celulose, lignina, hemicelulose (polioses) e extrativos. Sua composição favorece ataques biológicos de diferentes espécies. Neste contexto, inúmeras técnicas vêm sendo estudadas e aplicadas para desinfestar e descontaminar obras de arte e bens culturais móveis elaborados em madeira e que sofreram ataques por fungos, bactérias ou insetos. A irradiação com raios gama, emitidos por isótopos instáveis como o cobalto-60, também vem sendo estudada como uma alternativa para esta finalidade. Este processo tem-se mostrado eficiente para eliminar infestação por insetos e microorganismos em objetos de madeira. Além disso, é rápido e não exige quarentena porque não gera resíduos tóxicos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama sobre algumas características das espécies de madeira Cedro Rosa e Imbuia. Para tanto, considerou-se que, tal como os demais métodos usualmente empregados na eliminação de microorganismos e insetos que atacam madeiras, o processamento por radiação não impede a reinfestação ou a recontaminação do objeto irradiado. Assim, foram aplicadas doses de radiação gama relativamente altas, até 100 kGy, de modo a investigar os efeitos da radiação, mesmo que as peças de madeira sejam submetidas repetidas vezes ao processo de irradiação, já que a dose absorvida é sempre cumulativa. Estudou-se a influência da radiação gama em propriedades físicas densidade aparente e retratibilidade, em propriedades mecânicas compressão paralela às fibras, flexão no módulo de elasticidade, dureza e cisalhamento e em propriedades térmicas estabilidade térmica das madeiras consideradas. Os resultados demonstraram que a radiação gama, na faixa de dose estudada, não promove alterações nas propriedades das espécies de madeiras investigadas.
Wood is considered a natural composite of extreme complexity, basically composed by cellulose, lignin, hemicelulose (polyosis) and extractives. Its composition favors biological attacks from different species. In this context, several techniques have been studied and applied for disinfecting and decontaminating wood-made works of art and cultural heritage, which have been damaged by fungi, bacteria and insects. Gamma radiation emitted by unstable isotopes, such as 60- cobalt, has also been studied as an alternative to the conventional wood preservatives. So, gamma rays treatment has been shown to be efficient to the removal of infestations by insects and microorganisms in wood-made artifacts, to be fast and not to require quarantine because it does not generate toxic waste. Similar to other techniques, this process does not prevent the irradiated material of re-infestation or recontamination. In this context, the effects of relatively high disinfestation gamma radiation doses (up to 100 kGy) on Cedro Rosa and Imbuia, two typical Brazilian wood species, are accompanied by the changes on the following attributes: apparent density, retracting, parallel compression to fibers, bending in the modulus of elasticity, hardness, shear and thermal stability. Results have shown that gamma radiation, in the studied dose range, does not promote alterations on properties of investigated wood species. In case of a re-infestation, these observations indicate that the wood species can be submitted to repeatedly irradiation processes without causing damage to their structure up to the studied dose range, in despite of radiation effects be always cumulative.

When going through relevant research, moisture safety guidelines and talking to builders, moisture experts and architects it is clear - and not surprising - that water and wood make no easy combination. The experiences from building with cross laminated timber (CLT) differ from building sites and there are good and bad examples building without weather protection. In this study the moisture influence on CLT is analyzed. CLT is a type of massive wood with glued lamellas, increasing usage worldwide as structural elements in buildings. The bulk of the work is performed in the hygrothermal calculation tool WUFI(™). Focus is on the wetting process and the evaluation of mould risk from rain loads during production in Nordic climates. Subsequent drying after built into walls and floors is also evaluated. A vast literature survey is performed in order to compare and select material data for modelling CLT. Following the simulation work, moisture content, mould growth and volumetric distortion are judged both with and without weather protection. Results are also compared to measurement data from field tests. It is found that short building times are crucial, some weather protection is required all year around and early planning and constructing for moisture safety are crucial. The benefits of prefabrication and short building times using CLT should be exploited. If there is a risk of rainfall exceeding 10-20 mm, arrangements to divert rain loads should be undertaken. If the expected rain loads are above 40 mm or if the building time exceeds 2 weeks, a roof cover will be required. At air humidities averaging 80% and yearly rain exceeding 1200 mm, a complete building cover is recommended. A controlled environment may be expensive, but it speeds up production and shortens drying time.
När man går igenom relevant forskning, riktlinjer för fuktsäkerhet och pratar med byggare, fuktexperter och arkitekter är det tydligt - och inte överraskande - att vatten och trä inte är någon enkel kombination. Erfarenheterna från att bygga med korslimmat trä (KL-trä) skiljer sig från byggarbetsplatser och det finns bra och dåliga exempel från byggande utan väderskydd. I denna studie analyseras fuktpåverkan på KL-trä. KL-trä är en typ av massivt trä med limmade lameller, som ökar i användningen över hela världen som strukturella element i byggnader. Huvuddelen av arbetet utförs i det hygrotermiska beräkningsverktyget WUFI (™). Fokus ligger på uppfuktning och utvärdering av mögelrisker från regnbelastning under produktion i nordiskt klimat. Efterföljande torkning efter inbyggnad i väggar och golv utvärderas också. En omfattande litteraturstudie utförs för att jämföra och välja materialdata för modellering av KL-trä. Efter simuleringsarbetet bedöms fuktinnehåll, mögeltillväxt och fuktrörelser både med och utan väderskydd. Resultaten jämförs också med mätdata från fältförsök. Det konstateras att korta byggtider är avgörande, någon form av väderskydd krävs året runt och tidig planering och konstruktion för fuktsäkerhet är avgörande. Fördelarna med prefabricering och korta byggtider med KL-trä bör utnyttjas. Om det finns risk för nederbörd över 10-20 mm bör åtgärder vidtas för att avleda regn. Om de förväntade regnbelastningarna är över 40 mm eller om byggtiden överstiger 2 veckor krävs ett regnskydd. Vid luftfuktigheter på i medeltal 80 % och årligt regn över 1200 mm rekommenderas ett väderskydd runt hela byggnaden. En kontrollerad miljö kan vara dyr, men det påskyndar produktionen och förkortar torkningstiden.

Esse trabalho identifica como relevante o acervo de bens culturais rurais localizados no sul do estado do Espírito Santo, e adota a região localizada entre os rios Itapemirim e Itabapoana para investigação. A fazenda Fortaleza, Alegre, ES, de meados do século XIX, foi eleita como exemplar piloto para elaboração de reflexões pautadas na utilização de ferramentas da geotecnologia, para acervo de bens culturais do ambiente rural. Para isso, foi realizada análise fenomenológica da fazenda entendida como única em sua unidade potencial, a partir da qual se considera pertinente a incorporação de análises morfométricas do meio ambiente rural e utilização do Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP, para obtenção da Sensibilidade Cultural para o Ambiente Rural - SCAR. Definiu-se como área elegível da fazenda Fortaleza, aquela obtida através da delimitação por 500 m em linha reta, com origem em cada um dos quatro extremos do telhado da Casa Sede, por apresentar escala adequada aos estudos. Com o auxílio de manuais de agricultura do século XIX, percepção da fazenda em sua essência enquanto bem cultural e mapeamento do uso da terra, foram relacionados os Fatores de Fragilidade Morfológica e Cultural - FFMC para obtenção da SCAR. Adotou-se o FFMC de maior peso estatístico, Casa Sede, conforme AHP, para detalhamento histórico e científico. Em seguida, a partir de análise macroscópica, foram identificadas as principais espécies de madeiras utilizadas no sistema construtivo da Casa Sede da fazenda Fortaleza. Por fim, o trabalho traz como principal contribuição, a disponibilização de procedimento adequado à identificação e gestão do patrimônio rural do Espírito Santo.
This work chose as relevant cultural collection the property located in rural southern state of Espirito Santo, and adopts the region located between the rivers Itapemirim and Itabapoana for investigation. We used the Fortaleza farm how study model. It was built in first half of nineteenth century in the municipality of Alegre/ES. Thus we performed the phenomenological analysis on the farm which seen as unique in its potential unity from which we consider appropriate the incorporation of morphometric analysis of the environment rural using the Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP to obtain the Cultural Sensitivity for the Rural Environment - CSRE. Thus, we used in the study an area of 500 m around of house, starting from the four ends of main roof. With the aid of agricultural manuals of the nineteenth century and the perception of the farm as precepts of phenomenology and mapping of use the land we related factors of Morphological and Cultural Fragility - MCF, to obtain the CSRE. The biggest MCF used was main house according of AHP for historical and scientific detail. Therefore, we identify from macroscopic analysis which were the main species of wood used to building of main house of the farm Fortaleza. This work brings as the main contribution the appropriate procedure to identify and manage the rural heritage of Espirito Santo.

The biodiversity of saproxylic organisms and in the case of this study, saproxylic beetles, is dependent on the amount and quality of course woody debris (CWD) in the environment. Over the past decades the quantity of CWD in Swedish forests has increased, yet the quality has decreased, forests are managed and exploited, and old-growth forests are rarer. To counteract this, fauna depots, artificial piles of dead wood, can be placed to increase the amount and quality of habitat for saproxylic organisms. This study measured fauna depots of aspen CWD placed in Uppsala municipality to find which combination of qualities resulted in the highest species richness and abundance (diversity). A total of 242 beetles across 26 species were sampled using a bark sifter and Tullgren extraction funnels. The CWD qualities; number of logs, log diameter, sun exposure and decomposition level were measured. Log diameter was confirmed to be positively correlated with species richness supporting previous research. Decomposition was also positively correlated with species richness, but this not supported by previous research. Some qualities, like sun exposure, were unexpectedly not correlated and number of logs was negatively correlated. Only one red-listed species was found across all samples. Overall results were somewhat inconclusive but provide hints towards better practice in saproxylic beetle conservation, such as placing larger logs in the depots.

Mestrado em Marketing
O boom da tecnologia criou novas formas estimulantes de descobrir mais sobre os consumidores, de modo a criar produtos e serviços feitos à medida de cada um. Os consumidores encontram-se cada vez mais presentes no meio online e, em particular, nas redes sociais e respetivas comunidades virtuais. Assim, os consumidores, para além de absorverem a informação, também assumem o papel de criadores de conteúdos, uma vez que desenvolvem e partilham conteúdos acerca de produtos e serviços, sendo esta atividade denominada User-Generated Content (UGC). A presente investigação tem como objetivo compreender os fatores motivacionais que levam os consumidores a criar conteúdos online e como este UGC, presente no Facebook, sendo ou não considerado credível e útil, tem a capacidade, ou não, de influenciar na intenção de compra de bens e serviços, dos consumidores. O estudo desenvolvido foi de caráter quantitativo, com recurso a um inquérito online, com uma amostra de 296 inquiridos. Em termos de conclusões, verifica-se que o principal fator motivacional para a criação de UGC é o económico. O UGC é entendido como útil e credível, e os consumidores assumem que não só a sua utilidade, mas também a sua credibilidade contribuem para a intenção de compra de bens e serviços.
The technology boom has created new exciting ways of learning more about consumers, in order to create products and services made to fit each one. Consumers find themselves more and more present online, particularly on social media and virtual communities. Therefore, besides absorbing the information they get in contact with, consumers also take on the role of content creators, since they develop and share content about products and services, this action being designated by User-Generated Content (UGC). The present investigation's goal is to understand the motivational facts that lead consumers to create online content, and how this UGC, present on Facebook, independently of being considered credible or useful, has the ability, or not, to influence purchase intention of goods and services. This study's methodology is quantitative and based upon an online questionnaire survey, with a sample size of 296 respondents. As refers conclusions, the study shows that the main motivational factor for the creation of UGC is economic. UGC is understood as useful and credible, and the consumers consider that its utility, but also its credibility, lead to the purchase intention of goods and services.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: avaliar o processo de biodeterioração do lenho das árvores de tipuana na cidade de São Paulo e relacionar as alterações da sua estrutura anatômica e propriedades físico-mecânicas com o seu risco de queda. Nos passeios públicos de regiões selecionadas da cidade, 1109 árvores de tipuana foram caracterizadas quanto às condições de entorno, estado geral, variáveis dendrométricas, biodeterioração externa e interna e o risco de queda, estimado com modelo de cálculo estrutural desenvolvido pelo IPT. A biodeterioração e os mecanismos de resistência das árvores foram avaliados ao nível macroscópico e microscópico. As alterações nas propriedades do lenho de tipuana foram analisadas por densitometria de raios X e pelos ensaios físico-mecânicos (densidade de massa aparente; resistência à flexão) e aplicado o método de elementos finitos para análise da distribuição de tensões no lenho. As árvores de tipuana de elevada idade não apresentaram sinais de declínio, embora com estado geral considerado como crítico, pelo plantio em locais indequados, manejo inapropriado e/ou ocorrência de injúrias. O lenho foi deteriorado por fungos apodrecedores, cupins-subterrâneos e brocas-de-madeira, sendo os fungos e cupins os principais organismos xilófagos, afetando a região do cerne; a associção entre os fungos, os cupins, as variáveis dendrométricas e o risco de queda foram estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 5 %. O cupim-subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi ocorreu em elevados níveis de infestação nas árvores, sendo considerado, no entanto, como um organismo-praga secundário, fortemente associado com lenho previamente apodrecido por Ganoderma sp.. Os fungos apodrecedores ocorrentes foram classificados como de podridão branca e mole, sendo a primeira mais comum no cerne das árvores. Como mecanismo de resistência à biodeterioração observou-se a compartimentalização do lenho, caracterizada pelo acúmulo de extrativos nas células. Os fungos xilófagos causaram reduções significativas na densidade de massa aparente, tensão de ruptura à flexão estática e módulo de elasticidade em estágios incipiente e intenso de apodrecimento do lenho. Ruptura do tronco e o risco de queda das árvores de tipuana relacionaram-se, principalmente, com a intensidade da deterioração do lenho e com a sua dendrometria. A alteração da distribuição das tensões no lenho foi analisada em relação ao estágio, tamanho e localização da deterioração no tronco das árvores de tipuana.
The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the process of biodeterioration in the wood of tipuana trees in the city of São Paulo and to relate the alterations in the anatomical structures and physical and mechanical properties with there falling risk. In the sidewalks of selected regions of the city, 1109 trees were characterized taking into consideration aspects as surroundings, general conditions, dendrometric variables, external and internal biodeterioration and falling risk estimated by using a structural model developed by IPT. The biodeterioration and the resistance mechanisms of the trees were evaluated at a macro and microscopic levels. The alterations on the wood properties were analysed by X-rays densitometry and by performing physical and mechanical tests (specific gravity; bending resistance); the tension distribution in the wood was analyze by finite-elements method. The old aged trees encountered, did not show any sign of decline, eventhough, the general aspect of their surroundings was critical by the inadequate places they were planted; inappropriate management and/or occurrence of injuries. The trees had their trunks deteriorated by xylophagous organisms, mainly fungi and subterranean-termites, and some wood borer beetle too, which affected the heartwood. The association between the presence of the first two organinsms, the dendrometric variables and the risk of falling, was statistically significant at the 5% level. The infestation of the trees by the subterranean-termite Coptotermes gestroi was at high levels, however, it was considered as a secundary plague-organism, because its attack was strongly associated with the previously decayed heartwood by Ganoderma sp.. The decaying fungi observed were classified as white rot and soft rot, being the white rot more common in the heartwood of the trees. As a resistance mechanism of the trees against biodeterioration, it was observed the compartimentalization of the wood characterized by the accumulation of extractives in the cells. Decaying fungi caused significant reductions in the following wood properties: specific gravity, rupture strength to bending and modulus of elasticity either in incipient or intense decay. Trees trunk rupture and falling risk were associated mainly to biodeterioration intensity and dendrometric variables. The alteration of tension distribution in the wood was analyzed in relation to the stage, size and position of the deterioration in the wood of the trees.

The master´s thesis deals with wood-concrete composite floors constructions. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes methods of construction and materials used for wood-concrete composite constructions. The practical part describes an experimental four point bend test carried out on wood-concrete composite elements and samples. Further, manual calculation was performed according to Eurocode 5 and in program Asteres three variants of test elements were modeled. Each variant had different composite stiffness according to the working diagram of composite elements. At the end, experimental, computational and numerical results were compared.

Background: When people walk while performing a cognitive dual-task, a decrease in gait velocity will occur because of the demand for some of the same cognitive resources. However, in a previous study they found an increase instead of a decrease in gait velocity when subjects walked on a self-paced treadmill while performing a color-word Stroop task. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if the increase found in gait velocity in the previous study was a consequence of the subjects’ position. Additionally, it was investigated whether real-time feedback about the subjects’ position could substitute the lack of a reference point. Method: Position and gait velocity was measured in twelve healthy subjects during a trial consisting of eight control conditions and eight different interventions. Results: A significant difference was found in gait velocity between the interventions where the accelerations-line was moved furthest to the front and back (IzerolineA, IzerolineB) and in position between the original intervention and one with a neutral zone (Iorginal1, Ineutralzone). No differences were found in position or velocity with any of the feedback systems. Conclusion: From the results it could be concluded that the increase in gait velocity was a consequence of the subjects positioning themselves further in the forward direction on the treadmill. No conclusions could be drawn with the feedback systems.

This thesis investigates the most effective way of performing classification of text labels and clustering of duplicate texts in technical documentation written in Simplified Technical English. Pre-trained language models from transformers (BERT) were tested against traditional methods such as tf-idf with cosine similarity (kNN) and SVMs on the classification task. For detecting duplicate texts, vector representations from pre-trained transformer and LSTM models were tested against tf-idf using the density-based clustering algorithms DBSCAN and HDBSCAN. The results show that traditional methods are comparable to pre-trained models for classification, and that using tf-idf vectors with a low distance threshold in DBSCAN is preferable for duplicate detection.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In Brazil, due to the technological advance, it has been noticed the importance of professional and technological education as strategy for the establishment of the citizenship and for an effective insertion of young workers in society. The professional technician deals with the needs of the national, regional and/or local development, stimulated for the growth of the industry due to new demands from national and international market, which require better qualification and competence in the productive process. The following dissertation, using the exploratory research, shows the behavior of the wood industry in São Bento do Sul region, between 2000 to 2004, for a samplig made in ten wood companies, two big ones (more than a thousand employees in 2004), and eight medium-size companies (between one hundred to 499 employees in 2004). It is noticed the significant growth of the technical staff, formed by engineers, technologists, and high-school technicians when compared to the total of the employees in this period, as well as the relation between the growth of the technical staff and the relative growth of the total sales, according to the year of 2000. It is confirmed for the companies involved, according to the businesspeople, which certain points connected to the production such as process improvement, productivity, quality, cost reduction, change in the products, time reduction of set-up, are influenced by the professional technician.
No Brasil, em conseqüência do avanço tecnológico, tem-se percebido a importância da educação profissional e tecnológica como estratégia para o estabelecimento da cidadania e para a efetiva inserção de jovens trabalhadores na sociedade. O profissional técnico atende às necessidades dedesenvolvimento nacional, regional e/ou local, tendo por estímulo o crescimento da indústria em função das novas demandas oriundas dos mercados nacionais e internacionais, que exigem maior qualificação e competência no processo produtivo. A presente dissertação, utilizando a pesquisa exploratória, apresenta o comportamento da indústria moveleira da região de São Bento do Sul,no intervalo de 2000 a 2004, para uma amostra composta por 10 (dez) empresas moveleiras, sendo 2 (duas) grandes empresas - mais de 1000 (mil) funcionários em 2004 - e 8 (oito) médias empresas -entre 100 (cem) e 499 (quatrocentos e noventa e nove) funcionários em 2004. Observa-se o crescimento significativo do corpo técnico formado por engenheiros, tecnólogos e técnicos de nível médio quando comparados ao total de funcionários neste período, bem como a relação entre o crescimento do corpo técnico e o crescimento relativo do faturamento, tendo como base o ano 2000. Constata-se para as empresas pesquisadas, na percepção dos empresários, que determinados indicadores ligados à produção como melhoria nos processos, na produtividade, na qualidade, na redução de custos, na mudança nos produtos, na diminuição de tempo de set-up, são influenciados pelo profissional técnico

O mercado cinematográfico pode ser caracterizado como uma indústria de entretenimento com a produção de bens de informação que são também bens de experiência, cuja qualidade só é conhecida após o consumo. Deste modo, a revisão crítica se torna importante para induzir seu consumo, fornecendo previamente algum grau de informação sobre a qualidade do bem. Segue-se o trabalho de Reinstein e Snyder (2005) para determinar se as revisões críticas conduzidas por consumidores e por críticos profissionais online afetam o tempo de exibição de filmes no mercado americano de cinema, medido em quantidades de semanas, conforme modelos de duração/sobrevivência na literatura. Para esta finalidade foi gerado, a partir de sites de cinemas americanos (Box Office Mojo e Rotten Tomatoes), um banco de dados extremamente rico com informações semanais de todos os filmes disponíveis no cinema americano de 2004 a 2015. Especificamente, investigou-se os efeitos das revisões críticas de críticos profissionais de primeira linha (Tops) e de consumidores, conforme a média das notas atribuídas na semana de lançamento de cada filme. No que se refere à avaliação dos consumidores foi aplicada a computação afetiva, que reconhece o sentimento e a emoção em suas resenhas online para captar o efeito boca a boca potencializado pelas mídias sociais e fornecendo, portanto, uma análise mais profunda do boca a boca online. O estudo controla por possíveis problemas de endogeneidade decorrente de simultaneidade, usando as críticas somente antes e durante a semana de lançamento dos filmes. Os resultados sugerem que os críticos profissionais exercem grande influência no tempo de duração dos filmes em cartaz, bem como a positividade dos consumidores em relação ao filme. No entanto, o efeito dos críticos profissionais é em média 3 vezes maior do que dos consumidores. Adicionalmente, pode-se observar que algumas emoções afetam a expectativa de vida dos filmes a depender do gênero do mesmo
The movie market may be considered as entertainment industry, which produces experience goods that is also information goods, whose quality is only known only after consumption. Thus, critical reviews becomes important to induce consumption, since it provides some level of information about product quality. We follow Reinstein and Snyder (2005) works in order to determine if experts and consumers online critical reviews affect the survival time of movies at the American movie market, measured by number of weeks, according to survival analysis models in the literature. For this purpose, an extremely rich database with weekly information on all the films available in American cinema from 2004 to 2015 was generated from American movie sites (Box Office Mojo and Rotten Tomatoes). Specifically, we investigate the effects of critical reviews from top professionals and from consumers, according to the average ratings assigned in each movie\'s release week. As far as consumer assessment was concerned, affective computing was applied, which recognizes the sentiment (sentiment analysis) and emotion (emotion mining) in their online reviews to capture the word-of-mouth effect boosted by social media. The study controls for possible problems of endogeneity due to simultaneity, using the criticisms before and during the week of release of the films. The results suggest that the professional critics exert a great influence on the duration of the films in exhibition, as well as the positivity of the consumers in relation to the film. Thus, the effect of professionals are 5 times greater, generally, than the effect of the consumer critics. Additionally, it can be observed that some emotions affect movie life expectancy depending on the its genre

A study was conducted in two sites: one at an electricity storage facility belonging to the Swaziland Electricity Board (SEB) and the other at a facility that belongs to its treated pole supplier, the Thonkwane wood creosote treatment plant. The drainage system of these sites leads to surface waters in rivers. This is a cause of concern since creosote contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency. They have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects and as a result they pose a threat to human life and the environment. No previous studies have been done on PAHs in Swaziland. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of the SEB storage facility and the creosote treatment plant by investigating the extent of PAHs in surrounding environments (soil, sediments and surface waters). Preliminary studies were undertaken on the storage facility and the creosote treatment plant. No PAHs were detected from the pole storage facility; therefore the creosote wood treatment facility was selected as the ideal site at which to conduct the research. Soil samples were collected from depths 15 cm and 60 cm at points around the creosote plant, including effluent discharge points. The samples were extracted by solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and analysed by GC/MS. The GC/MS, incorporating a solid phase micro extraction step, provided detection limits ranging from 0.12 μg/g to 20.08 μg/g. The pollution patterns in the study site were assessed using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Most of the 16 US EPA-listed priority pollutants were detected from the creosote wood treatment facility. PAHs such as anthracene, fluorene, naphthalene and fluoranthene were dominant in all the sampling sites. The compounds occurred in very high concentrations (0.64, 0.46, 0.27 and 0.26 mg/kg respectively). These compounds are found in pure creosote as determined in the sample taken from the Thonkwane creosote tank site. The highest concentration of PAHs was observed in the soil samples taken next to the road site. The concentrations of the identified PAHs were above the acceptable minimal level allowed in soil by the US EPA and Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA). The levels of the PAHs are also above the recommended US EPA limit in soil, which is 0.1 mg/kg. The results indicated that significant soil pollution was taking place in some of the sampling sites. The top layer (0, 15 cm) contained many PAHs at high levels whilst the 60 cm layer had a lower number of PAHs which were also in low concentrations. This provided an indication that there is no downward movement of PAHs from the surface layer to underground layers. The potential exists for contamination of surface waters when there is runoff from the project area. This is a cause of concern, since both the creosote treatment plant and areas outside the facility are contaminated. Therefore, the site has to be cleaned up, preferably by using a phytoremediation technique.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

With the increasing amount of digital data in the form of unstructured text, the importance of natural language processing (NLP) increases. The most suc- cessful technologies of recent years are deep neural networks. This work applies the state-of-the-art methods, namely transfer learning of Bidirectional Encoders Representations from Transformers (BERT), on three Czech NLP tasks: part- of-speech tagging, lemmatization and sentiment analysis. We applied BERT model with a simple classification head on three Czech sentiment datasets: mall, facebook, and csfd, and we achieved state-of-the-art results. We also explored several possible architectures for tagging and lemmatization and obtained new state-of-the-art results in both tagging and lemmatization with fine-tunning ap- proach on data from Prague Dependency Treebank. Specifically, we achieved accuracy 98.57% for tagging, 99.00% for lemmatization, and 98.19% for joint accuracy of both tasks. Best models for all tasks are publicly available. 1

Because social media is a relatively new digital medium and Twitter is an even newer medium, it is important for practitioners and academics to understand how to create and utilize the best messaging strategies to induce persuasion, win brand advocates and create a sustainable, credible presence for brands on social media platforms such as Twitter. The author seeks to examine the theoretical and practical relevance of social media, with an emphasis on Twitter as well as explore how the theories of source credibility and word-of-mouth can help to better understand and measure promotional message and strategy effectiveness.
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The Fish & Chip Shop, inspired by Barilla Flagship Restaurant (New York), seeks to build a flagship partnership with a Portuguese flour brand – Espiga. This dissertation relies on providing insights on how a brand benefits from having a flagship store, identifying visitors’ characteristics, assessing FMCG flagships’ services, decoration and activities, and purposing an initial plan for the entrepreneur present to the brand. The research revealed flagships influence positively brand equity, differentiate a brand from its competitors, generate word-of-mouth as well as future purchases at the retailer. The analysis suggested consumers with higher income and consumers who are always responsible for grocery shopping are more likely to visit a flagship, whereas consumers who eat fewer times at home demonstrated the opposite behaviour. FMCG flagships display the brand portfolio, through shops or show cases, and have an outstanding thematic decoration linked to the brand and to the culture. In practice, this research resulted in an initial proposal to present to Espiga as well as a starting-point to future negotiations.
A Fish & Chip Shop, inspirada no Restaurante Flagship Barilla (Nova Iorque), procura estabelecer uma parceria, para criar uma flagship, com uma marca Portuguesa de farinha – a Espiga. Esta dissertação centra-se em identificar os benefícios para uma marca de possuir uma flagship, assim como identificar características dos seus visitantes, avaliar os serviços, a decoração e as atividades proporcionadas por flagships de bens de grande consumo, e propor um plano inicial para a Fish & Chip Shop apresentar à marca. A investigação revelou que as flagships têm uma influência positiva no valor da marca (brand equity), diferenciam a marca dos seus concorrentes, geram word-of-mouth e compras futuras no retalhista. Ademais, a análise sugeriu que consumidores com rendimentos superiores e aqueles que são sempre responsáveis por fazer compras de mercearia têm mais probabilidade de visitar uma Flagship, enquanto que consumidores que tomam mais refeições em casa demonstraram o comportamento contrário. As flagships de bens de grande consumo expõem o portefólio da marca, através de uma loja ou exposição, e apresentam uma decoração temática ligada à marca e à cultura. Na prática, esta dissertação resultou numa proposta inicial para apresentar à Espiga e num ponto de partida para futuras negociações.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Património e Turismo Cultural
Foi no período a seguir à II Guerra Mundial que se presenciou o desaparecimento de muitos vestígios da industrialização, fenómeno que se continuou a verificar na fase de reconstrução acelerada que se lhe seguiu. Face a esta rápida perda, gerou-se um movimento de valorização seguido de um processo de recuperação de espaços que foram outrora grandes centros industriais. Na década de cinquenta, como prova dessa consciencialização, começam a surgir referências de um novo conceito: a arqueologia industrial. A sua expansão, juntamente com a afirmação da noção de património industrial, acompanhou o processo de desindustrialização que vastas regiões sofreram. Na procura de se manterem vivas as memórias do passado e na busca de novas soluções, encontraram-se respostas na valorização do património industrial através da sua reutilização para os mais diversos fins, sendo um deles a musealização acompanhada da preservação do património in situ. O turismo cultural vem desempenhar um papel significante na medida em que atuou como acelerador deste processo, ajudando os museus a transformarem-se em instrumentos de desenvolvimento económico e revitalizando paisagens marcadas pela desindustrialização. Contudo, e devido à sua recente descoberta e disciplina, a complexidade dos vestígios materiais da industrialização exige critérios de gestão, proteção, conservação e restauro específicos, devendo os museus industriais estarem munidos das devidas ferramentas para atuarem sobre os seus objetos e coleções. A Covilhã assiste, nos anos oitenta do século XX, a uma profunda reconversão económica e social. Uma vez que o modelo económico da mono industrialização dos lanifícios se encontrava esgotado, iniciou-se uma luta pela sobrevivência que levou a uma mudança radical do paradigma do modelo histórico de desenvolvimento da cidade e concelho. O estabelecimento do ensino superior na cidade em 1973 constituiu uma alavanca de crescimento para a cidade através da recuperação de edifícios ligados às memórias do seu passado industrial. É neste contexto que a Universidade da Beira interior cria em 1986 o Museu de Lanifícios cujo primeiro núcleo viria a ser resultado de uma intervenção de recuperação e patrimonialização da área das tinturarias da Real Fábrica de Panos, uma manufatura setecentista fundada pelo Marquês de Pombal em 1764. A sua paisagem industrial e vasto património a ela ligada constituíram o melhor exemplo nacional para aprofundar esta temática, pretendendo-se com este trabalho acompanhar a transformação da “cidadefábrica” em cidade universitária e apresentar alguns dos princípios que lideraram a reconstrução da memórias industriais. Através de intervenções específicas realizadas durante o período de estágio no Museu de Lanifícios relacionadas com a gestão museológica dos seus bens, quis-se compreender quais as ferramentas museológicas de que este se encontra munido para o cuidado da sua coleção industrial. Dessa forma, foi realizado um acompanhamento do processo de incorporação de bens museológicos e sua gestão, praticados nesta instituição, a fim de o enquadrar no panorama museológico industrial atual.
It was in the period following World War II that a disappearance of many industrialization traces was witnessed, a phenomenon that continued to be verified in the accelerated reconstruction phase that followed it. Faced this fast disappearance, a valorization movement was generated followed by a recovery process of spaces that were once great industrial centers. In the fifties, as evidence of this awareness, it began to emerge references to a new concept: industrial archaeology. Its expansion, along with the affirmation of the industrial heritage notion, accompanied the process of deindustrialization that vast regions suffered. Looking for to keep alive the memories of the past and the search for new solutions, the answers were found in the enhancement of the industrial heritage through its reuse for different purposes, one of them being the musealization along with heritage preservation in situ. Cultural tourism performed a very significant role in the way that acted like an accelerator of this process, helping the museums to become instruments of economic development and revitalizing landscapes marked by deindustrialization. However, an due to its recent discovery and discipline, the complexity of the material traces of industrialization requires specific management criteria, protection, conservation and restoration, and so industrial museums should be provided with appropriate tools to work on their objects and collections. In the eighties of the twentieth century, Covilhã passes through a profound economic and social reconversion. Once the economic model of wool mono industrialization was drained, it began a struggle for survival that led to a radical change of the historical development model paradigm of the city and county. The establishment of higher education in the city in 1973 was a lever of growth to the city through the recovery of buildings connected to the memories of the industrial past of Covilhã. It is in this context that the University of Beira Interior creates in 1986 the Wool Museum whose first nucleus was a result of a recovery intervention and patrimonialization of the Royal Textile Factory dye-houses area, an 18th-century manufacture founded by the Marquês de Pombal in 1764. Its industrial landscape and vast heritage attached to it represented the best national example to investigate this subject, intending with this study to accompany the transformation of "factory town" to university city and present some of the principles that led to the reconstruction of its industrial memories. Through specific interventions carried out during the period of the internship in the Wool Museum related with museological management of its assets it was intended to understand which museological tools does the Wool Museum utilizes to take care of its collection. Therefore, it was followed the process of museological goods incorporation and its management, carried in this institution, in order to fit it in current industrial museums panorama.