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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Behavioural tendencies“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Behavioural tendencies"
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Webb, Christine E., und Peter Verbeek. „Individual differences in aggressive and peaceful behavior: new insights and future directions“. Behaviour 153, Nr. 9-11 (2016): 1139–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003400.
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Consistent individual differences in animal behaviour are an increasingly common focus of research across various behavioural and biological sciences. Such ‘animal personalities’ comprise a diverse repertoire of behavioural tendencies, recently expanding to incorporate the social domain. Aggression and peace, hallmarks of many social systems including that of humans, warrant integration with this literature. Specifically, animal personality research should consider the potential role of stable conflict and post-conflict behavioural tendencies. We focus our discussion primarily on examples in nonhuman primates and humans, but suggest that individual variation patterns are relevant for any social species in which these phenomena exist. In highly gregarious species, an individual’s conflict and post-conflict tendencies can affect the strength and stability of its social bonds. Because social relationships in turn impact survival and reproductive success, we also encourage future work to investigate the ultimate (i.e., fitness-relevant) consequences of individual variation in aggressive and peaceful behaviour.
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Cuadrado, Isabel, Lucía López-Rodríguez und Andreea A. Constantin. „“A matter of trust”: Perception of morality increases willingness to help through positive emotions“. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, Nr. 3 (15.05.2019): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219838606.
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Moroccans are still the lowest rated immigrants in Spain. This research analyses the relationships between different dimensions of stereotypes (i.e., morality, sociability, and competence), positive emotions, and facilitation behavioural tendencies between Spaniards and Moroccans. Specifically, this work aims to explore whether the three stereotype dimensions play distinct roles in predicting helping behavioural tendencies through emotions, with a focus on the distinctive role of morality. Three studies are presented. In Study 1, Spanish adolescents assessed Moroccan immigrants. Study 2 considered the minority perspective by analysing Moroccans’ stereotypes, emotions, and behavioural tendencies toward Spaniards. Study 3 experimentally tested the effect of the stereotype dimensions on positive emotions and facilitation behavioural tendencies in a sample of Spaniards. The results showed a consistent pattern: perceived morality always indirectly predicted facilitation behavioural tendencies through positive emotions, regardless of the perspective analysed (i.e., majority/minority), age of participants (i.e., adults/adolescents), or design (i.e., correlational/experimental).
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Hosain, Md Sajjad. „Unethical Pro-organisational Behaviour: Concepts, Motives and Unintended Consequences“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 15, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2019): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319510x19883084.
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With the increase in diversity in the nature of job and human behavioural complicatedness, a new common phenomenon has emerged in workplaces termed as unethical pro-organisational behaviour which has succeeded to attract the attention of behavioural academicians. As a fairly new concept, there is lack of adequate research in this area of organisational psychology. The article mainly aims at discussing the motives for and the consequences of such behaviours with the help of existing literature available. The author argues that the organisations should express their intentions and actions in order to reduce such behavioural tendencies. The article is expected to help further research in this area by summarising the highlights from existing works available.
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Webber, Quinn M. R., Liam P. McGuire, Steven B. Smith und Craig K. R. Willis. „Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat“. Behaviour 152, Nr. 1 (12.11.2014): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003233.
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The influence of behaviour on host-parasite dynamics has theoretical support but few empirical studies have examined this influence for wild-captured hosts, especially in colonial species, which are thought to face generally high risk of exposure. Behavioural tendencies of hosts in novel environments could mediate host exposure. We tested the hypothesis that behavioural tendencies of hosts, and host sex and age, correlate with prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in a gregarious mammal, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). We also tested whether relationships between host behaviour and parasite prevalence and intensity would vary between taxa of ectoparasites which differ in host-seeking behaviour. We predicted that individual hosts displaying active and explorative behaviours would have higher prevalence and intensity of parasites that depend on physical contact among hosts for transmission (mites) but that host behaviour would not influence prevalence and intensity of mobile ectoparasites with active host-seeking behaviour (fleas). We recorded behavioural responses of wild-captured bats in a novel-environment test and then sampled each individual for ectoparasites. After accounting for age and sex we found mixed support for our hypotheses in some but not all demographics. More active adult and young of the year (YOY) males were more likely to host mites while more active adult and YOY females were less likely to host fleas. Our results highlight possible differences in the influence of host and parasite behaviour on parasite transmission dynamics for colonial compared to non-colonial species and have conservation implications for understanding pathogen transmission in bat white-nose syndrome and other wildlife diseases.
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Jones, Alice P., Henrik Larsson, Angelica Ronald, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Patricia Busfield, Andrew Mcmillan, Robert Plomin und Essi Viding. „Phenotypic and Aetiological Associations Between Psychopathic Tendencies, Autistic Traits, and Emotion Attribution“. Criminal Justice and Behavior 36, Nr. 11 (19.10.2009): 1198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809342949.
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Some behavioural overlap exists between psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits, and both phenotypes are thought to be associated with problems in empathy. However, the broad behavioural profiles and the cognitive-affective deficits associated with the two conditions are at least partly separable. The main aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the aetiology of psychopathic tendencies is independent of autistic traits. A secondary aim was to study the aetiology of emotion attribution ability and its association with psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits. Based on data from a sample of 642 twin pairs, the genetic and nonshared environmental influences related to psychopathic tendencies were largely unique to each phenotype. Common environmental influences between psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits overlapped. Poorer emotion attribution ability was associated with increased psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits, and these associations were mainly explained by common genetic factors.
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Sarabian, Cecile, und Andrew J. J. MacIntosh. „Hygienic tendencies correlate with low geohelminth infection in free-ranging macaques“. Biology Letters 11, Nr. 11 (November 2015): 20150757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0757.
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Parasites are ubiquitous in nature and can be costly to animal fitness, so hosts have evolved behavioural counter-strategies to mitigate infection risk. We investigated feeding-related infection-avoidance strategies in Japanese macaques via field-experimentation and observation. We first examined risk sensitivity during foraging tasks involving faecally contaminated or debris-covered food items, and then investigated individual tendencies to manipulate food items during natural foraging bouts. We concurrently monitored geohelminth infection in all subjects. We ran a principal component analysis on the observational/experimental data to generate a hygienic index across individuals and found that hygienic tendencies towards faeces avoidance and food manipulation correlated negatively with geohelminth infection. Females scored higher in hygienic tendencies than males, which might contribute to the common vertebrate pattern of male-biased infection. The behavioural tendencies observed may reflect a general form of hygiene, providing a mechanism of behavioural immunity against parasites with implications for the evolution and diversification of health maintenance strategies in humans.
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Murray-Webster, Ruth, und Sergio Pellegrinelli. „Risk management reconceived: reconciling economic rationality with behavioural tendencies“. Journal of Project, Program & Portfolio Management 1, Nr. 1 (23.06.2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pppm.v1i1.1573.
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Risk management practices as described in many leading texts feel counterintuitive to many practitioners and are frequently ignored, despite their being evidently logical and potentially valuable. Such practices are often conceived as a remedial post-planning, audit activity. This paper proposes an approach for dealing with project uncertainty and risk, grounded in economics and taking into account behavioural biases and heuristics. The proposed approach is argued to be an enhancement to conventional risk management practices and one that can serve organisations better while also aligning to experienced practitioners’ intuitive approaches. In particular, we argue: that the focus should be on adding economic value rather than reducing risk per se; that opportunity gain/loss is a superior metric for gauging potential impacts of risky events; and that creation of real options should be emphasised as part of the repertoire of generic response actions to risk. The approach also supports the integration and handling of uncertainty and risk as part of holistic project planning and control.
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Bálint, Anna, Gabriella Rieger, Ádám Miklósi und Péter Pongrácz. „Assessment of owner-directed aggressive behavioural tendencies of dogs in situations of possession and manipulation“. Royal Society Open Science 4, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2017): 171040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171040.
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Excessive aggression is a common behaviour problem in dogs that can have various destructive effects on the affected people and the implicated dog. Aggressive behaviour directed towards the owner or other family members is one of the most frequently occurring aggressive phenotypes. Here, we examine the reliability of a short questionnaire assessing aggressive behaviours by two, contextually different behavioural tests: ‘take away bone’ and ‘roll over’. Based on dogs' behaviour in the tests, we sorted dogs ( N = 93) in two groups for each test, namely a less and a more disobedient/resistant group. The two principal components obtained in our questionnaire—‘obedient’ and ‘aggressive towards owner’—showed significant differences between the behaviour groups. While dogs in the less disobedient/resistant groups had significantly higher ‘obedient’ and significantly lower ‘aggressive towards owner’ scores, dogs in the more disobedient/resistant groups had significantly higher ‘aggressive towards owner’ and significantly lower ‘obedient’ scores. Dogs' age, sex and neuter/spay status expressed their effect through interactions. Males, young dogs and intact dogs were less ‘obedient’ than older ones, while resistant spayed/neutered dogs were more aggressive towards the owner. The questionnaire used is a safe, easy to deploy and time-efficient tool to reliably assess certain owner-directed aggressive tendencies of family dogs.
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Hunt, Edmund R., Brian Mi, Camila Fernandez, Brandyn M. Wong, Jonathan N. Pruitt und Noa Pinter-Wollman. „Social interactions shape individual and collective personality in social spiders“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, Nr. 1886 (05.09.2018): 20181366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1366.
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The behavioural composition of a group and the dynamics of social interactions can both influence how social animals work collectively. For example, individuals exhibiting certain behavioural tendencies may have a disproportionately large impact on the group, and so are referred to as keystone individuals, while interactions between individuals can facilitate information transmission about resources. Despite the potential impact of both behavioural composition and interactions on collective behaviour, the relationship between consistent behaviours (also known as personalities) and social interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we use stochastic actor-oriented models to uncover the interdependencies between boldness and social interactions in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola . We find that boldness has no effect on the likelihood of forming social interactions, but interactions do affect boldness, and lead to an increase in the boldness of the shyer individual. Furthermore, spiders tend to interact with the same individuals as their neighbours. In general, boldness decreases over time, but once an individual's boldness begins to increase, this increase accelerates, suggesting a positive feedback mechanism. These dynamics of interactions and boldness result in skewed boldness distributions of a few bold individuals and many shy individuals, as observed in nature. This group behavioural composition facilitates efficient collective behaviours, such as rapid collective prey attack. Thus, by examining the relationship between behaviour and interactions, we reveal the mechanisms that underlie the emergence of adaptive group composition and collective behaviour.
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Bech-Hansen, Kallehauge, Bruhn, Castenschiold, Gehrlein, Laubek, Jensen und Pertoldi. „Effect of Landscape Elements on the Symmetry and Variance of the Spatial Distribution of Individual Birds within Foraging Flocks of Geese“. Symmetry 11, Nr. 9 (02.09.2019): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091103.
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Behavioural instability is a newly coined term used for measuring asymmetry of bilateral behavioural traits as indicators of genetic or environmental stress. However, this concept might also be useful for other types of data than bilateral traits. In this study, behavioural instability indices of expected behaviour were evaluated as an indicator for environmental stress through the application of aerial photos of foraging flocks of geese. It was presumed that geese would increase anti-predator behaviour through the dilution effect when foraging near the following landscape elements: wind turbines, hedgerows, and roads. On this presumption, it was hypothesized that behavioural instability of spatial distribution in flocks of geese could be used as indicators of environmental stress. Asymmetry in spatial distribution was measured for difference in flock density across various distances to disturbing landscape elements through the following indices; behavioural instability of symmetry and behavioural instability of variance. The behavioural instability indices showed clear tendencies for changes in flock density and variance of flock density for geese foraging near wind turbines, hedgerows, and roads indicating increasing environmental stress levels. Thus, behavioural instability has proven to be a useful tool for monitoring environmental stress that does not need bilateral traits to estimate instability but can be applied for indices of expected behaviour.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Behavioural tendencies"
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Meriton, Royston Francis. „Advancing a morphogenetic understanding of organisational behaviour : an investigation into the psychological mechanisms and organisational behavioural tendencies of autonomous reflexivity“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15461/.
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It has been argued that the inertial forces of traditional societies are being gradually eroded under the weight of the destabilising forces imbued in nascent globalisation. For the new cosmopolitans of late modernity, this means that forging a sense of self is therefore becoming increasingly a reflexive project. This thesis celebrates reflexivity as an emergent human power. Three dominant modes of human reflexivity have been identified; communicative, autonomous, meta. Fractured reflexivity on the other hand is considered as non-reflexive. Moreover, the contextual discontinuity favoured by late modern societies appears to be selective, conditioning structural circumstances in favour of autonomous reflexivity in mainstream organisations. In the first instance, the findings of this thesis expose the fragility of the internal reliability of the measurement models of the modes of Archer’s internal conversation index (ICONI). Secondly, drawing on the resources of critical realism, this thesis’ further contribution to knowledge is in revealing the positive psychological resources associated with an autonomous reflexivity intervention. By adopting an evidence-based realist review followed in sequence by a large scale survey and structural equation modelling, the findings suggest that autonomous reflexivity potentially holds the key to unlocking the resources that underlie positive psychological capital (PsyCap). In turn, PsyCap seems to operate in the intervening space between internal conversation and action accounting for the positive sense of self associated with autonomous reflexivity. However, autonomous reflexivity does not mean unrestricted homo economicus, rather it means the search for congruence between a particular modus vivendi and a meaningful work context. Thus, this thesis also shows that autonomous reflexivity and the experience of contextual discontinuity at work share in a reciprocal relationship. Such congruency translates into positive organisational outcomes at the individual level albeit with the tendency to be mediated by positive PsyCap.
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Nyblom, Hanna. „An Experimental Study on the Behavioural Tendencies of Objects Classified As Hot and Cold by a Java Virtual Machine Garbage Collector“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277833.
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A constitutive hypothesis of the Java Virtual Machine garbage collector ”ThinGC”, presented by Mingkun Yang et al. [1], an extension of Oracle’s ”ZGC”, is that capitalising on possible temporal locality could optimise collection by limiting the total number of objects to manage. To achieve GC optimisations, ThinGC classifies objects as hot (recently referenced) or cold, separates the hot and cold objects into distinct memory spaces, and collects the spaces separately using two garbage collectors. In order to examine to what extent this temporal locality can actually be observed, this thesis analyses the behaviour of objects classified as hot and cold by ThinGC. Reviewed behaviour includes: tendency of cold objects to remain cold, expected length of cold streaks, and if the tendency to remain hot or cold is related to the type of the object. In order to examine object behaviour, hotness information for all objects in selected benchmarks from the DaCapo benchmark suite is logged in each GC cycle of ThinGC. The hotness information of each object is then compiled following address forwardings, and metrics estimating the behaviour of each object is calculated. Analysis of the charts and tables presenting the results of the metric calcu- lations show for instance that ”reheats” of objects are uncommon, cold objects usually stay steadily cold, and long cold streaks are more common than long hot streaks. The results highlight distinctly different behaviours of hot and cold objects and indicate that the concept of classifying objects by hotness and treating cold objects separately could be well founded. The results also show some classes of objects being more or less likely to stay cold. If these class behaviours could eventually be proven to be reliable by examining a larger set of programs, the information could be useful as a baseline for GC tuning. Also, if hotness information were collected and similar metrics were calculated concurrently, this information could aid in live GC decision making.En grundläggande hypotes för Java virtual machine skräpsamlaren ”ThinGC”, presenterad av Mingkun Yang m. fl. [1], en utveckling av Oracles ”ZGC”, är att ett nyttjande av eventuell temporal lokalitet skulle kunna optimisera skräp- samling genom att begränsa den totala mängden objekt som behöver behand- las. För att optimisera skräpsamling klassificerar ThinGC objekt som varma (dvs. nyligen refererade) eller kalla, separerar heta och kalla objekt i skilda minnesutrymmen, och skräpsamlar dessa minnesutrymmen separat med två skräpsamlare. För att undersöka i vilken utsträckning denna temporala lokalitet faktiskt kan observeras, granskar denna uppsats beteende av objekt klassificerade som heta eller kalla av ThinGC. Undersökta beteenden inkluderar: tendens bland kalla objekt att förbli kalla, antal cykler objekt förväntas förbli kalla och om tendenser bland objekt att förbli heta eller kalla är relaterade till objekttyp. För att kunna granska objekts beteenden loggas värmeinformation för al- la objekt i utvalda ”benchmarks” från benchmarksviten DaCapo under varje skräpsamlingscykel av ThinGC. Varje objekts värmeinformation kompileras sedan genom att följa vidarebefodringar av adresser, och till slut beräknas mä- tetal som uppskattar objektens beteende. Analys av de diagram och tabeller som presenterar resultaten av beräkning- en av mätetalen visar, till exempel, att återuppvärmningar av objekt är säll- synta, att kalla objekt oftast håller sig stadigt kalla, och att kalla objekt oftast håller sig kalla längre än varma objekt håller sig varma. Resultaten visar tydligt skilda beteenden för heta och kalla objekt och indi- kerar att konceptet att klassificera objekt efter värmeinformation och behandla heta och kalla objekt separat kan vara välgrundat. Resultaten visar också att vissa objektklasser är mer eller mindre benägna att hålla sig kalla. Om dessa klassbeteenden kan visas vara pålitliga genom att undersöka en större mängd program skulle informationen kunna vara använd- bar som en baslinje för finjustering av skräpsamling. Om värmeinformation kan samlas, och liknande mätetal beräknas parallellt med exekvering, skulle denna information också kunna bistå skräpsamlaren med att ta direkta beslut.
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Wistrand, Josefine. „GA and RP accents in a verbal guise test: A questionnaire-based study of Swedish upper secondary school students’ language attitudes“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194476.
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The aim of this study is to use a verbal guise test to investigate Swedish upper secondary school students’ language attitudes toward GA and RP. While research has been conducted on this topic before, few studies have incorporated all three cognitive, affective and conative components of the mentalist approach to language attitude, and even fewer with younger student participants, which are two components the present study included. The findings of the present study indicate differences in evaluation of the RP and GA speakers. The investigated L2 speakers of English, the 17-19 year old participants, favoured the RP speaker in terms of the cognitive categories serious, intelligent and responsible, while the GA speaker was evaluated more favorably for the categories not arrogant, kind, calm and gentle. The participants also felt more trust while listening to the RP speaker, while other affective categories did not generate considerable differences in evaluation of the speakers. Lastly, in the conative component, the students self-reported using and aiming for similar pronunciation to GA rather than RP. Several of these results are supported by previous research, but contrasting findings occur as well.
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Angeli, Anastasia. „Public tendencies and perception of brightness and light in Odenplan“. Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297649.
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This research paper is discussing light, and brightness in particular, in terms of perception, taking Odenplan as a case study.Some links between light characteristics and behaviour patterns, such as lingering, have been made, raising the discussion about the qualities of the artificial lighting that would add to convivial urban spaces at nighttime, attempting at differentiating between how people think they would behave and how they actually behave in a public square, and the impact of artificial lighting on public tendencies, suggesting if people feel comfortable and safe in the space, then they tend to perceive the space brighter. The research has shown that it is hard to draw conclusions when it comes to perceived qualities of light. Different research methods have been used with the intention of suggesting a methodology to be explored by others, including literature review, empirical study, informal interviews and word association survey.
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Kauder, Natalie Louise. „Reciprocal attachments and hierarchies of attachment figures in females with tendencies towards eating disordered behaviours“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548574.
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Andújar, Moreno Gemma. „Construcción de sentido y mecanismos anafóricos: la traducción de las marcas anafóricas TEL y VOILÀ en textos periodísticos“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7578.
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El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es analizar, desde una óptica semántico-pragmática y traductológica, las actualizaciones anafóricas de las marcas francesas TEL y VOILÀ en un corpus de textos periodísticos franceses y sus traducciones al castellano. Los resultados del estudio muestran que en los textos meta se plasma una tendencia traductora mayoritaria consistente en reproducir las virtualidades anafóricas del texto original mediante soluciones apropiadas de la L2. Sin embargo, también se detecta una tendencia traductora secundaria, que consiste en recuperar la operación anafórica mediante partículas más explícitas. Estos resultados confirman la idea según la cual un comportamiento traductor debe concebirse como una noción gradual, que no es un proceder completamente uniforme, ni totalmente aleatorio.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és analitzar, des d'una perspectiva semantico-pragmàtica i traductològica, les actualitzacions anafòriques de les marques franceses TEL i VOILÀ a un corpus de textos periodístics francesos i les seves traduccions cap al castellà.
Els resultats de l'estudi mostren que als textos meta es concreta una tendència traductora majoritària consistent a reproduir les virtualitats anafòriques del text original mitjançant solucions apropiades de la L2. No obstant això, també es pot identificar una tendència traductora secundària, que consisteix a recuperar l'operació anafòrica amb partícules més explícites. Aquests resultats confirmen la idea segons la qual un comportament traductor ha de concebre's com una noció gradual, que no és una conducta totalment uniforme ni totalment aleatòria.
The aim of this thesis is to study the anaphoric occurrences of the French anaphors TEL and VOILÀ in a corpus made up of journalistic texts and their translations into Spanish. Our approach is semantic as well as pragmatic.
According to the results, the target texts show a tendency to reproduce the anaphoric virtualities of the original text by using appropriate translational solutions of the target language. However, a sencondary translation tendency can also be detected: translating the anaphoric operation by using more explicit linguistic devices. These results confirm the idea that a translational behaviour should be regarded as a gradual notion, which is never a fully steady conduct.
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Shawcross, Matthew Stuart. „The moderating influence of social factors in impulsive buying behaviour : development of a scale to measure social and non-social impulsive buying tendencies“. Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54942/.
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Impulsive behaviour accounts for a significant percentage of retail sales, yet it may contribute to consumer debt and affect psychological wellbeing. Existing research indicates that impulsive buying presents as trait behaviour that influences the likelihood of experiencing impulsive urges and making purchases. Many studies have also examined the interaction of different variables with the impulsive buying tendency and the effects on behaviour during shopping. However, there is a lack of research into how social and emotional factors interact with or moderate the impulsive buying process. Accordingly, this thesis focuses on the role of social influence and emotion in impulsive buying. A mixed-methods approach is used, comprising a three stage data collection process involving interviews, scale development and a quasi-experiment. The data collection process leads to the development of two scales measuring social and non-social impulsive buying tendencies. These new tendencies are initially identified through semi-structured interviews with impulsive buyers, which suggest that there may be social and non-social aspects to the impulsive buying tendency. A two phase process of scale development is then used to develop psychometric measures of the social and non-social aspects. The scale development results in two internally valid and reliable scales which correlate as expected with the existing impulsive buying tendency. The scales are tested using a quasi-experimental study, the results of which indicate that the social impulsive buying tendency exhibits stronger correlations with hypothesised behaviour in social situations than the existing buying impulsiveness scale (Rook & Fisher, 1995). These findings suggest that the social scale could be used alongside an existing impulsive buying tendency scale to record consumers' social and non-social impulsivity. Among the implications of these findings is that researchers who study impulsive buying should consider recording the social context of shopping to test for the moderating influence of social factors.
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Horn, Annamarie. „Movement in gestalt therapeutic intervention for adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies“. Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2004.
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Movement in Gestalt therapeutic intervention, using structured activities and free improvisations, is a successful alternative to punishing adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies in the classroom. An overview of the existing literature regarding the therapeutic value of movement in Gestalt therapeutic intervention for adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies is firstly presented. Various techniques supporting the adolescent in his quest to achieve equilibrium, ultimately improving his relationships with others and his environment, are described. A case study, involving eight adolescents with disruptive behavioural tendencies in group therapy follows, which indicates that movement in Gestalt therapy is an alternative to punishment. In the light hereof it is suggested that movement in Gestalt therapy could be implemented successfully in the formal school environment. This form of intervention can contribute to the adolescent's growth, his ability to communicate and his relationships with self, others and the environment, culminating in improved behavioural tendencies.Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Venkatanathan, Jayant. „Examining the interplay between universal behavioural tendencies, online social networks and social capital“. Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/1468.
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Interaction with others is fundamental to well-being, as it serves to fulfil our basic needs. Thus humans have various behavioural tendencies, patterns of behaviour that serve as strategies to fulfil these needs. Given the increasingly crucial role of online social networks on our communication and interaction, it is important to study these factors in the online context. In this thesis we explore how universal behavioural tendencies, i.e. behavioural tendencies that have been observed across cultures, affect our online interaction and how these in turn affect social capital. Focusing on disclosure behaviour and social network structure as proxies for online interaction behaviour, this work consists of three main components developed over four studies. Firstly, we attempt to understand how the tendency to reciprocate affects individuals’ willingness to disclose information about themselves. Secondly, we study the interplay between individuals’ disclosure patterns and their positions in the network. Finally, we study how individuals, along with their differences in universal behavioural tendencies, accrue social capital from the structure of their immediate networks. Key findings include: (1) People tend to reciprocate the disclosure of personal information, both when the initial disclosure is directed towards them, and also when it is broadcast and directed to nobody in particular, (2) The centrality of individuals in a social network is related to how much information they disclose, and how much others disclose to them, and (3) Online social network structure is related to social capital, and network structure and empathy play an interconnected role in the creation of social capital. The empirical findings, discussions and methodologies presented in this work will be useful for HCI and social science researchers studying the fundamental aspects of humans’ use of social technologies.A interação com os outros é essencial para o bem-estar, visto servir para satisfazer as nossas necessidades básicas. Portanto, os seres humanos têm várias tendências comportamentais, padrões de comportamento que servem como estratégias para satisfazer essas necessidades. Dada a importância crescente das redes sociais online na nossa comunicação e interação, é importante estudar estes fatores no contexto online. Na presente tese exploramos como as tendências comportamentais universais, i.e., as tendências comportamentais observadas em diferentes culturas afetam a nossa interação online e como estas, por sua vez, afetam o capital social. Concentrando-se na divulgação comportamental e na estrutura da rede social como representantes do comportamento interativo online, este trabalho apresenta três componentes principais desenvolvidas em 4 estudos. Primeiro, tentamos compreender de que forma a tendência para a reciprocidade afeta a vontade dos indivíduos de divulgarem informações sobre eles mesmos. Segundo, estudamos a interação entre os padrões de divulgação dos indivíduos e as suas posições na rede. Finalmente, estudamos de que forma os indivíduos, juntamente com as suas diferenças nas tendências comportamentais universais, acumulam capital social a partir da estrutura das suas redes imediatas. As principais conclusões incluem: (1) As pessoas retribuem a divulgação de informação pessoal não só quando esta é dirigida ao próprio, mas de igual forma se publicada num espaço publico acessível a qualquer pessoa, (2) A centralidade dos indivíduos numa rede social está relacionada com a quantidade de informações que divulga e que os outros lhes divulgam, e (3) A estrutura da rede social online está relacionada com o capital social, e a estrutura da rede e empatia desempenham um papel próximo na criação do capital social. Os resultados empíricos, discussões e metodologias apresentados neste trabalho serão úteis para os investigadores de HCI e ciências sociais que estudam os aspetos fundamentais da utilização humana das tecnologias sociais.
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Morys, Filip. „Characterising and altering maladaptive behaviours and tendencies in obesity“. 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33856.
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Robinson, Shannon Rebecca. Comparing the affective and cognitive/behavioural processing tendencies of women with comorbid eating and substance related disorders to women with only eating or substance related disorders. 2007.
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Wintrobe, Ronald. Dictatorship: Analytical Approaches. Herausgegeben von Carles Boix und Susan C. Stokes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.003.0016.
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This article provides a survey of the work on authoritarianism, which takes an ‘economic’ or rational choice approach. The survey focuses mainly on two issues: the behaviour of dictators and the comparison of their economic performance and redistributive tendencies with democracies. It outlines the author's model about the behaviour of dictators, and then moves on to more recent contributions, such as the important developments within the North framework. The article also examines the Olson model and then studies recent work on economic performance and on redistribution. Theory and evidence are the main focus of the discussion.
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Benz, Wolfgang. Anti-Semitism Research. Herausgegeben von Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0037.
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Anti-Semitism refers to all anti-Jewish statements, tendencies, resentments, attitudes, and actions, regardless of whether they are religiously, racially, socially, or otherwise motivated. Ever since the experience of National Socialist ideology and dictatorship, anti-Semitism has been understood as a social phenomena which serves as a paradigm for the formation of prejudices and the political exploitation of the hostilities that ensue from them. As prejudice research, it is primarily interested in the behaviour and attitudes of different majority societies, and strictly speaking, it does not even require knowledge of the discriminated minority. This article claims that anti-Semitism research and Jewish studies are not interconnected, nor dependent on one another. However, the history of Jews, their interaction with non-Jewish majority societies, their persecution and extermination, serves anti-Semitism research as a paradigm.
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Nachiappan, Karthik. Does India Negotiate? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199496686.001.0001.
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As a key state in the international system, India’s positions and contributions on issues like climate change, global health, humanitarian crises, and nuclear disarmament significantly affect how these issues are addressed. Scholarly work mapping India’s multilateral behaviour has extended from covering the United Nations to a wide range of fora where India is seeking to shape issues that affect its security and development. Yet, the literature on Indian multilateralism lags, focusing disproportionately on India’s ostensibly obstructionist tendencies without adequately contextualizing why India behaves this way. There has been no serious exploration of how India concretely negotiates multilateral issues. In this book, Karthik Nachiappan investigates how India negotiates international rules covering issues like climate change, nuclear disarmament, tobacco control and international trade. By unpacking these negotiations, he shows that India’s multilateral persona is more nuanced than is generally understood. When interests converge, Indian negotiators are willing to shape and ratify international agreements, conceding when necessary to cut deals and make compromises.
Buchteile zum Thema "Behavioural tendencies"
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Burns, Alison. „The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West England“. In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 295–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_16.
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AbstractIn the early Holocene period, extensive tracts of coastal land were submerged as the climate warmed and meltwaters flooded into the oceans. As the Irish Sea expanded, coastlines altered and large intertidal zones were created as tracts of low-lying land at the tidal margins were gradually submerged. In these areas, reed swamp and saltmarsh formed which, too, were inundated for varying periods of time. However, in the calmer warmer weather of the late spring and summer, birds and mammals were drawn on to the mudflats where they could feed on molluscs, or new reed and sedge shoots, wallow in the cooling mud, drink the brackish water or, for some predators, hunt. The behavioural tendencies of some species are revealed by their footprints which show their engagement within this environment – some breeds moved on to the marshes while others moved away. The humans who shared this landscape understood the opportunities offered by these predictable behaviours. Their trails run along and across those left by many species, leaving a visible network of human and animal activity preserved in the hardened mud. These will be described through an examination of the footprints recorded in three contexts which formed the stratigraphy of a Mesolithic bed at Formby Point in North West England. The persistent return to the mudflats by generations of people reflects an embodied knowledge of this coastal landscape, learnt in childhood and practiced in adulthood. The ability to modify movements in the landscape, to respond to the daily tides, the changing seasons and a fluctuating environment, all suggest a spatial-temporal relationship which not only encompassed a dynamic environment but also the other life that dwelt within it.
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Head, Peter M. „4. Scribal Behaviour and Theological Tendencies in Singular Readings in P.Bodmer II (P66)“. In Textual Variation: Theological and Social Tendencies?, herausgegeben von David C. Parker, 55–74. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463215231-007.
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Kesic, Tanja, Durdana Ozretic Dosen und Jozo Previsic. „Determinants of Ethnocentric Tendences in Purchasing Behaviour in the Republic of Croatia“. In New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium, 137–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11927-4_41.
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Selikowitz, Mark. „Impulsivity“. In ADHD: The Facts, 27–31. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867371.003.0003.
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This chapter describes impulsivity (the difficulty in being able to think before acting) in ADHD. The chapter describes behavioural inhibition mechanisms in the brain and related theories, manifestations of impulsivity (e.g. the tendency to act without thinking, compulsive destruction tendencies, situations or games requiring sharing, cooperation, and restraint), and the management of impulsivity. Management options includes cognitive therapy, which has limited success, and medication, which usually plays a dramatic role in controlling impulsivity. Furthermore, environmental changes and modification of goals are important ways of helping the child with ADHD. Those who come interact with the child with ADHD need to understand that impulsive behaviour is not completely under the child’s control.
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Musa, Hussam, Zdenka Musová und Lenka Debnárová. „Importance of Corporate Governance in Socially Responsible Behaviour of Enterprises“. In Entrepreneurship - Development Tendencies and Empirical Approach. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70536.
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Kubati, Mohammed. „Voting Behaviour of Yemeni Students in Istanbul: Influential Factors and Tendencies“. In Les présences arabes contemporaines à Istanbul. Institut français d’études anatoliennes, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.ifeagd.3993.
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Hughes, James J. „Millennial tendencies in responses to apocalyptic threats“. In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0008.
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Aaron Wildavsky proposed in 1987 that cultural orientations such as egalitarianism and individualism frame public perceptions of technological risks, and since then a body of empirical research has grown to affirm the riskframing effects of personality and culture (Dake, 1991; Gastil et al., 2005; Kahan, 2008). Most of these studies, however, have focused on relatively mundane risks, such as handguns, nuclear power, genetically modified food, and cellphone radiation. In the contemplation of truly catastrophic risks – risks to the future of the species from technology or natural threats – a different and deeper set of cognitive biases come into play, the millennial, utopian, or apocalyptic psychocultural bundle, a characteristic dynamic of eschatological beliefs and behaviours. This essay is an attempt to outline the characteristic forms millennialism has taken, and how it biases assessment of catastrophic risks and the courses of action necessary to address them. Millennialism is the expectation that the world as it is will be destroyed and replaced with a perfect world, that a redeemer will come to cast down the evil and raise up the righteous (Barkun, 1974; Cohn, 1970). Millennialism is closely tied to other historical phenomena: utopianism, apocalypticism, messianism, and millenarian violence. Western historians of millenialism have focused the most attention on the emergence of Christianity out of the messianic expectations of subjugated Jewry and subsequent Christian movements based on exegesis of the Book of Revelations expecting the imminent return of Christ. But the millennial impulse is pancultural, found in many guises and with many common tropes from Europe to India to China, across the last several thousand years. When Chinese peasants followed religiopolitical revolutionaries claiming the mantle of the Coming Buddha, and when Mohammed birthed Islam preaching that the Last Judgement was imminent, they exhibited many similar features to medieval French peasants leaving their fields to follow would-be John the Baptists. Nor is the millennial impulse restricted to religious movements and beliefs in magical or supernatural agency. Revolutionary socialism and fascism embodied the same impulses and promises, although purporting to be based on science, das Volk, and the secular state instead of prophecy, the body of believers, and the Kingdom of Heaven (Rhodes, 1980; Rowley, 1983).
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Diamant, Ilan. „Advantages and Challenges Using Psychological Tests in the Assessment of Suicide Bombers and Lone Actors“. In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nhsdp210017.
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This report discusses the advantages and challenges in using direct psychological personality profile and psychodynamic assessments (corresponding to Otto Kernberg’s model of personally organization) of suicide bombers and lone actors. Two studies that administered various psychological instruments (i.e., self-report inventories, semi-structured interviews, and projective tests) were used to assess these subjects in a prison setting, before or after their trial. Main findings showed that suicide bombers displayed low levels of ego strength with dependent and/or avoidant personality styles, while most of the lone actors presented evidence of psychiatric histories. Also, the main methodological advantages and challenges of the assessment procedures and instruments utilized are discussed. Self-report inventories were found to be less valid. In contrast, semi-structured interviews assisted in identifying a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of both personality dynamics and the discerning of traumatic experiences in participants’ background related primarily to their family history. Projective tests had limited and restricted responses i.e., lacked the necessary complexity. This pattern likely reflected those participants with either limited mental resources, maladaptive personality styles, or hostile responses toward their assessors. Future directions are discussed in a psycho-cultural theoretical perspective regarding the development risk/threat assessment instruments to discern potential perpetrators who are victims of trauma in families living under specific cultural contexts. We assume that these victims’ manifest dissociation defences, present tendencies to activate mobilization, and immobilization energetic systems. These systems evoke complex behaviour patterns triggering suicidal tendencies coupled with rage tendencies aiming to end the lives of others, in this context, perceived political enemies.
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Selikowitz, Mark. „Social clumsiness“. In ADHD: The Facts, 66–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867371.003.0008.
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To acquire age-appropriate social skills, certain parts of the brain need to develop normally. Children with ADHD may experience social difficulties and experience what is called a social cognition deficit. This chapter outlines social clumsiness in ADHD. It discusses social cognition as a function of the brain, specific social competence deficits (social blindness, egocentricity, lack of appropriate inhibition, insatiability, insensitivity to style and convention, lack of responsiveness, over-talkativeness, difficulties reading facial expression, aggressive tendencies, lack of judgment, poor understanding of group dynamics, misinterpretation of feedback, poor social prediction, poor social memory, lack of awareness of image, poor behaviour-modification strategies), management of social clumsiness, and autism spectrum disorder.
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Hatzipanagos, Stylianos. „Students as Communities of Non-Practice“. In Digital Identity and Social Media, 225–32. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1915-9.ch016.
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The concept of communities of practice has been particularly influential in education, particularly in online learning, where it has been adopted enthusiastically. This also applies to social media, where often engagement in online activities is interpreted somewhat uncritically as a set of behaviours and tendencies exhibited by virtual communities of practice. The notion is that social media can facilitate formal and informal learning because they are not content-centred but people-centred, open, and participative. On the other hand if embedding social media within learning set-ups sustains communities of practice that support learning, it is important to explore how and when this happens. The chapter explores the correspondence between the key constituent components of the CoP framework and the attributes of social media that allow claims about formation/sustenance of CoPs.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Behavioural tendencies"
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Pestean, Valeria. „Consensus and tendencies in learning approach management“. In 4th Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.18.
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Elkina, Irina M. „Global Tendencies Of Education Financing For Countries With Different Natural Resources Supply“. In 7th icCSBs 2018 - The Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.02.02.3.
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Agapov, Valery, Alla Fedorkina und Tatiana Gorobets. „Female Manager: Gender Determination of a Healthy Lifestyle“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-59.
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The aim of the study of the lifestyles of women leaders was to investigate the social phenomenon of an increasing trend in the number of female leaders in all areas of society. However, the gendered functional burden of fulfilling the role of a woman as the keeper of the family home remains the same, which sets the stage for research into the determinants of healthy lifestyles for female leaders. The methodological socio-psychological approach of the study is ensured by applying the testing method (to study the dominant behavioural pattern of female leaders). Moreover, the age-based ranging method was embraced in the form of analysing distinctive features of female leadership behaviours at a certain age in life. Furthermore, the method of scaling and defining the expressiveness of traits of a particular behavioural pattern was applied. The findings were processed via a comparative analysis of features of female manager behaviour types in the context of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. In accordance with objective data, the authors are able to state that the predominant pattern (according to the Friedman and Rosenman test) of female leaders is type ‘A’ behaviour – this pattern determines the development of psychosomatic pathology. The basic conclusion demonstrating the novelty of the findings reflects the analysis of the trends in psychological characteristics of female managers of modern businesses as follows: female managers have internalised Type ‘A’ behavioural patterns that promote the use of health resources with the maximum expenditure of psychological resources and the absence of even minimal energy-saving tendencies. The behavioural patterns identified allowed us to identify recommendations for female leaders for healthy lifestyles.
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Gerasimenko, Julia A. „Prevention Of Risky Destructive Behaviour Of Teenagers“. In Psychology of subculture: Phenomenology and contemporary tendencies of development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.07.24.
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Erbasi, Ali. „THE INVESTIGATION OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES’ GREEN ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR TENDENCIES IN TERMS OF SOME DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES“. In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2017: Tourism and Creative Industries: Trends and Challenges. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.04.6.
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Longo, Luca, und Stephen Barrett. „A context-aware approach based on self-organizing maps to study web-users' tendencies from their behaviour“. In the 1st International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1554233.1554237.
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Date, A. W., und Pankaj I. Jagad. „Prediction of f and Nu During Laminar-to-Turbulent Transition: Case of Flow in a Tube Containing a Twisted Tape“. In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17662.
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In a straight pipe (or, duct) flow, the f and Nu vs Re characteristics over transition range of Reynolds numbers (typically, 2300 ≤ Re ≤ 4000) demonstrate abrupt and sharp departures from tendencies under fully laminar and fully turbulent regimes. This characteristic behaviour is quite competently captured by the low Turbulence Reynolds number (Ret) two-equation turbulence model(s) over all flow regimes without requiring any regime-dependent modifications to the governing equations. In contrast, the experimentally determined f and Nu characteristics of flow in a tube containing twisted tape do not demonstrate sharp departures from tendencies in laminar and turbulent regimes. As a result, the so called transition regime of Reynolds numbers cannot be easily identified. The purpose of the present paper is to explore if these very special characteristics can be predicted by low Ret, k-ε model of turbulence by computing over a large range 500 ≤ Re ≤ 30000.
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Kita, Jaroslav. „TENDENCIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING AND SALES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY“. In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b23/s7.102.
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May, Markus. „Sensitivity Analysis With Respect to Flutter-Free Design of Compressor Blades“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23557.
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In this paper, the rotor geometries of two consecutive design loops are compared numerically with respect to aeroelastic stability. Therefore, the TRACE code of the German Aerospace Center DLR is used to compute the flutter predictions: based on a three-dimensional steady solution, the time-linearized Navier-Stokes equations are solved in order to assess the aerodynamic damping so that the critical inter-blade phase angles can be determined. Apart from the global stability behaviour the computation of local excitation per surface area is presented, facilitating the identification of stabilizing and destabilizing effects due to blade motion and flow field disturbances. Aiming for flutter-free design of compressor blades, an exemplary sensitivity analysis on the first mode is performed. Within the scope of this study, reduced frequency and mass ratio are varied and the influence of these parameters on the stability behaviour is deduced. For a tuned system, the nondimensional flutter equations are derived introducing the flutter index as aeroelastic similarity parameter. Differing tendencies of the aerodynamic work entry and the corresponding logarithmic decrement concerning flutter susceptibility are discussed in detail.
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Parra-Santos, Teresa, Diego J. Palomar Trullen, Armando Gallegos, Cristobal N. Uzarraga, Maria Regidor-Sanchez und Francisco Castro. „Influence of Fixed Pitch Angle on the Performance of Small Scale H-Darrieus“. In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7503.
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The performance of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is numerically analyzed. Influence of fixed pitch angle is studied to get tendencies on the characteristic curves. The set up corresponds with an H-Darrieus with three straight NACA airfoils attached to a vertical shaft. Two-dimensional, transient, Navier Stokes equations are solved with a Third-Order Muscl scheme using SIMPLE to couple pressure and velocity. At least three revolutions must be simulated to get the periodic behaviour. Transition SST turbulence model has been chosen based on literature. Pitch angles of −6° and −10° have been analyzed with Tip Speed Ratios ranging from 0.7 and 1.6. The pitch angle of −10° improves the performance of the wind turbine. Instantaneous and averaged power coefficients as well as detailed flow field around the airfoils are shown.