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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Behaviour discovery“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Bevilacqua, Laura, und David Goldman. „Genetics of impulsive behaviour“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, Nr. 1615 (05.04.2013): 20120380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0380.
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Impulsivity, defined as the tendency to act without foresight, comprises a multitude of constructs and is associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Dissecting different aspects of impulsive behaviour and relating these to specific neurobiological circuits would improve our understanding of the etiology of complex behaviours for which impulsivity is key, and advance genetic studies in this behavioural domain. In this review, we will discuss the heritability of some impulsivity constructs and their possible use as endophenotypes (heritable, disease-associated intermediate phenotypes). Several functional genetic variants associated with impulsive behaviour have been identified by the candidate gene approach and re-sequencing, and whole genome strategies can be implemented for discovery of novel rare and common alleles influencing impulsivity. Via deep sequencing an uncommon HTR2B stop codon, common in one population, was discovered, with implications for understanding impulsive behaviour in both humans and rodents and for future gene discovery.
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Turčínek, Pavel, und Arnošt Motyčka. „Knowledge discovery on consumers’ behaviour“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, Nr. 7 (2013): 2893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072893.
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This paper summarizes results of the research project “Application of modern methods to data processing in the field of marketing research” which was solved at the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno. The most of these results were presented at international conferences.It describes the use of knowledge discovery techniques on data from marketing research of consumers’ behaviour. The paper deals with issues of classification, cluster analysis, correlation and association rules.For classification there were used various algorithms: multi-layer perceptron neural network, self-organizing (Kohonen’s) maps, bayesian networks and generation of a decision tree. Beside Kohonen’s maps, which were tested in MATLAB software, all classification methods were tested in Weka software.In order to find clusters of the methods K-means, Expectation-Maximization, DBSCAN Weka was also used as software for clustering. Correlation analysis was done based on statistical approach. Generation of association rules was achieved by use of Apriori and the FP-growth algorithm in Weka.The paper describes above mentioned methods and shows achieved results of exploring data from marketing research on consumers’ behaviour.This article discusses the suitability of these methods usage on such data sets. It also suggests further research possibilities of knowledge discovery on consumers’ behaviour.
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Atton, N., W. Hoppitt, M. M. Webster, B. G. Galef und K. N. Laland. „Information flow through threespine stickleback networks without social transmission“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, Nr. 1745 (15.08.2012): 4272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1462.
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Social networks can result in directed social transmission of learned information, thus influencing how innovations spread through populations. Here we presented shoals of threespine sticklebacks ( Gasterosteous aculeatus ) with two identical foraging tasks and applied network-based diffusion analysis (NBDA) to determine whether the order in which individuals in a social group contacted and solved the tasks was affected by the group's network structure. We found strong evidence for a social effect on discovery of the foraging tasks with individuals tending to discover a task sooner when others in their group had previously done so, and with the spread of discovery of the foraging tasks influenced by groups' social networks. However, the same patterns of association did not reliably predict spread of solution to the tasks, suggesting that social interactions affected the time at which the tasks were discovered, but not the latency to its solution following discovery. The present analysis, one of the first applications of NBDA to a natural animal system, illustrates how NBDA can lead to insight into the mechanisms supporting behaviour acquisition that more conventional statistical approaches might miss. Importantly, we provide the first compelling evidence that the spread of novel behaviours can result from social learning in the absence of social transmission, a phenomenon that we refer to as an untransmitted social effect on learning.
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Lea, Stephen, Lisa Leaver und Kristen Jule. „Using a behaviour discovery curve to predict optimal observation time“. Behaviour 146, Nr. 11 (2009): 1531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x447775.
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AbstractBehavioural observations are vital to furthering our knowledge of species' ecology. Determining a method for formalising the length of behavioural observation time (coined Behaviour Discovery Curve) is practical for both reducing disturbance to the animals observed and limiting costs to the researcher. This paper suggests a method of calculating behaviour discovery curves, which allows researchers to estimate the optimal amount of data to collect when establishing an ethogram. The curve is fitted to a logarithmic model that predicts the rate of new behaviours that will be observed in any given length of observation time. To illustrate the methods, 31 captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) were observed for 30 h each and a behaviour discovery curve was estimated for each animal based on the rate at which new behaviours were observed. We demonstrate how to use the curve in the evaluation of an ethogram, whilst also providing an indication of how many more behaviours would be observed in a specified longer observation period. This is an important consideration in the creation of any ethogram, since there are currently no standard methodologies for establishing ethograms, and no guidelines on how much data is 'sufficient' for determining a species' behavioural repertoire. The curve does not allow an estimate of the total size of the behavioural repertoire, but does allow a systematic analysis of the likely costs and benefits of further observation. We also suggest a method for quantifying the degree of idiosyncrasy of a population.
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Vigliotti, Maria Grazia, und Chris Hankin. „Discovery of anomalous behaviour in temporal networks“. Social Networks 41 (Mai 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2014.12.001.
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Brogi, Antonio, und Sara Corfini. „Behaviour-Aware Discovery of Web Service Compositions“. International Journal of Web Services Research 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 2007): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2007070101.
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Hopkins, Mark E., und Oksana L. Zavalina. „Evaluating physicians’ serendipitous knowledge discovery in online discovery systems“. Aslib Journal of Information Management 71, Nr. 6 (18.11.2019): 755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-02-2019-0045.
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Purpose A new approach to investigate serendipitous knowledge discovery (SKD) of health information is developed and tested to evaluate the information flow-serendipitous knowledge discovery (IF-SKD) model. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which IF-SKD reflects physicians’ information behaviour in a clinical setting and explore how the information system, Spark, designed to support physicians’ SKD, meets its goals. Design/methodology/approach The proposed pre-experimental study design employs an adapted version of the McCay-Peet’s (2013) and McCay-Peet et al.’s (2015) serendipitous digital environment (SDE) questionnaire research tool to address the complexity associated with defining the way in which SKD is understood and applied in system design. To test the IF-SKD model, the new data analysis approach combining confirmatory factor analysis, data imputation and Monte Carlo simulations was developed. Findings The piloting of the proposed novel analysis approach demonstrated that small sample information behaviour survey data can be meaningfully examined using a confirmatory factor analysis technique. Research limitations/implications This method allows to improve the reliability in measuring SKD and the generalisability of findings. Originality/value This paper makes an original contribution to developing and refining methods and tools of research into information-system-supported serendipitous discovery of information by health providers.
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Lewis, Suzanne. „E-Book Discovery and Use Behaviour is Complex“. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 3, Nr. 2 (17.06.2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8d040.
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A review of:
Rowland, Ian, David Nicholas, Hamid R. Jamali, and Paul Huntington. “What do Faculty and Students Really Think about E-books?” Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives; 59.6 (2007): 489-511.
Objective – To assess academic users’ awareness, perceptions and levels of use of e-books. Also to discover the purposes for which e-books were used and identify the most effective library marketing strategies for e-books.
Design – Survey.
Setting – University College London (UCL).
Subjects – 1,818 UCL staff and students.
Methods – In November 2006, staff and students of UCL were asked to participate in an online survey, administered using SurveyMonkey software. The survey ran November 1-18, 2006. Survey results were analysed using Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Main Results – The response rate to the survey was at least 6.7%. A total of 1,818 completed surveys were received from approximately 27,000 potential respondents, although it is not known whether all e-mails announcing the survey were successfully delivered. No statistically significant differences were found between the demographic profile of the survey sample and the profile of the total UCL population. Data regarding e-book usage were collected from the sub-group of respondents who were existing e-book users, and data regarding use of print collections and book discovery were collected from all respondents.
Forty-four per cent of respondents had used e-books, with age a good predictor of usage. However additional data analysis revealed complex demographic interactions underlying e-book usage, making broad generalisations too simplistic. Of existing e-book users, 61% sourced e-books independently of the UCL library. Deeper analysis showed that men were more “library independent” than women and doctoral students were more so than other students and staff. Forty-eight per cent of existing e-book users preferred reading from a screen rather than paper, with men more likely to read from a screen than women, and undergraduates more likely to do so than other groups. Responses to questions about the purpose of reading showed that existing e-book users consulted e-books primarily for work and study, and tended to obtain these from libraries. They were less likely to use e-books for leisure, but if they did so, were likely to obtain them from non-library sources.
E-books were compared to traditional print across a range of factors and scored very favourably for ease of copying, currency, space requirements, 24/7 accessibility, convenience and ease of navigation. However e-books scored poorly compared to print for ease of reading, ease of marking a place and ease of annotation.
Regarding use of library print titles, data from all respondents indicated that women (42%) were more likely to be regular users of print than men (35%). Print book discovery behaviour is complex, and age, gender and subject area all influenced book discovery preferences. Analysis of data regarding satisfaction with UCL’s current provision of print library books showed that 41% rated this service as “excellent” or “good,” but further analysis by gender, age and subject area revealed pockets of low satisfaction which warrant further attention.
Students were much more aware of e-book availability through the UCL library than academic and research staff, with differences in awareness also displayed between different faculties. The library’s Web site and catalogue were the main channels for e-book awareness, with respondents themselves suggesting the library Web site and e-mail user guides as the most effective e-book awareness mechanisms.
Conclusion – This study reveals a significant level of interest in and use of e-books in one academic community, but with differences determined by age, gender, academic sub-group and subject area. It builds on the findings of previous studies of e-book usage and indicates key areas for further study. These include whether real-life information behaviour correlates with the self-reporting of respondents, and the intersection of gender and self-reported information behaviour. This information, plus the patterns of book discovery behaviour emerging from this study, will be of interest to publishers, booksellers and libraries.
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Khater, Maamar, Salah Eddine Habibeche und Mimoun Malki. „Behaviour approach for composite OWL-S services discovery“. International Journal of Business Information Systems 25, Nr. 1 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2017.083276.
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Khater, Maamar, Mimoun Malki und Salah Eddine Habibeche. „Behaviour approach for composite OWL-S services discovery“. International Journal of Business Information Systems 25, Nr. 1 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2017.10003905.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Ellul, Andrew. „Trading behaviour, price discovery and volatility in competing market microstructures“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2102/.
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The first chapter investigates the price and volatility impacts produced by block trades in an inter-market environment with different microstructures. A sample of European cross-traded securities is employed to investigate whether large trades executed on the foreign market (London Stock Exchange's SEAQ-I market) produce any impacts on the securities' home markets and analyse whether different market microstructures matter. The price impact in the home markets is detected before the large trade is executed on SEAQ-I and proceeds in a protracted fashion, implying that substantial pre- and post-positioning is undertaken by London market makers through the home markets. The new equilibrium price on the home market is reached before the trade information is published on SEAQ-I. Large trades are also found to cause higher price volatility in auction trading systems than in a hybrid market microstructure. The second and third chapters analyse the formation of quoted and effective spreads and their components in three different market microstructures. The results show that quoted and effective spreads generated by a hybrid system (Deutsche Borse's IBIS system) are lower than those generated by both the pure auction system (Paris Bourse's CAC system) and the dealership system (London Stock Exchange SEAQ market). Traders on a hybrid mechanism face the lowest costs and this result holds even when we control for (a) the level of market concentration in liquidity provision, and (b) company-specific news. However, the adverse selection component of the spread is significantly higher in an auction trading system compared to both the dealership and the hybrid trading system. This fifth chapter investigates (a) whether, in a hybrid trading mechanism, voluntary market makers provide a higher level of price stabilisation than limit order traders even if they do not have any obligation to keep orderly markets, (b) the strategic interactions between the limit order book and market makers, and (c) the behaviour of the order flow at times of price uncertainty. We analyse these issues using high frequency data from the London Stock Exchange which has adopted a hybrid market microstructure. We find that prices on the dealership system track the security's true value more efficiently. The dealership system can transact higher volumes with lower price volatility. This evidence suggests that market makers provide price stabilisation, even if they have no binding obligation to do so, thus improving the market's quality. In terms of trading behaviour, we find that in a hybrid trading mechanism, traders are not encouraged to provide liquidity on the order book through limit orders as price uncertainty increases. Instead orders migrate to the dealership system for execution.
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Christie, Lorna Grace. „Discovery of novel polyoxopalladates and investigation of their supramolecular behaviour“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8860/.
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Polyoxopalladates (POPds) are an emerging class of unconventional polyoxometalates (POMs) which are particularly interesting due to the catalytic properties of palladium. Until recently, POPds were limited to low nuclearity {Pd12} and {Pd15} archetypes. However, in 2012, the giant {Pd84}Ac macrocycle was discovered, becoming the largest of this family to date. One of the major barriers to the discovery of POMs in general is that the chemistry relies heavily on crystallisation. The presence of POMs in solution is often overlooked if no crystalline products emerge. Furthermore, their behaviour in solution is not well-understood. This thesis expands on the family of POPd macrocycles and explores the supramolecular behaviour of the POPd macrocycles using solution analysis techniques such as SEC-HPLC, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. In the first section of work, a new synthetic route to making {Pd84}Ac is reported, whereby palladium acetate is substituted for sodium acetate, allowing the carboxylate source to be added separately. This new synthetic route was investigated to explore the formation of novel macrocycles by varying the acetate ligand. Initial results showed this to be possible by substituting acetate for propionate. This yields a smaller {Pd72}Prop macrocycle, which was characterised crystallographically. An SEC-HPLC approach was then adopted to screen many small-scale reactions for the formation of other large palladium macrocycles, using a wide variety of carboxylate sources. This led to the discovery of {Pd84}Gly, an exact structural analogue of {Pd84}Ac. IMS-MS was employed to assess the relative sizes of the new macrocycles in solution, confirming the presence of {Pd72}Prop and {Pd84}Gly. The structure of {Pd84}Gly was later confirmed crystallographically. Having shown the screening method to be successful in detecting novel POPds in solution, this approach was expanded on. In the second section, SEC-HPLC was used to screen many small-scale reactions containing different combinations of polyphosphate solutions and carboxylate ligands, in the presence of Pd(NO3)2. SEC-HPLC indicated the presence of a variety of species larger in size than {Pd84}Ac, however further analysis using ESI-MS was not able to identify these products, most likely due to their decomposition under the mass spectrometry conditions, or poor separation in the SEC column. Over this course of this work, two smaller POPd clusters containing the squarate ligand were isolated: {Pd11} and {Pd8}. In the third section, two mass spectrometry techniques were employed to analyse the real-time self-assembly of the {Pd84}Ac, {Pd72}Prop and {Pd84}Gly macrocycles. Analysis was carried out using two methods: SEC-HPLC-MS and direct injection of a desalted sample (Desalted-MS). Initial results showed the loss of acetate ligands when using SEC-HPLC-MS, which was confirmed by comparing identical crystalline samples of {Pd84}Ac analysed with each technique. The {Pd72}Prop macrocycle was found to appear in solution after five days, and exhibits building units analogous to those seen in the assembly of {Pd84}Ac, suggesting a similar build-up mechanism to {Pd84}Ac. Likewise, {Pd84}Gly was found to appear in solution after four days and also exhibits the same analogous building units. Furthermore, a {Pd30} species was observed in SEC-HPLC-MS studies of the {Pd84}Gly reaction, indicating a possible template or smaller macrocycle which has not yet been isolated. In the final section, the molecular encapsulation potential of {Pd84}Ac was explored using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, interactions were observed between {Pd84}Ac and a series of polyamine guests, indicating a fast exchange regime between the free and encapsulated guest molecules. Subsequent 1H DOSY NMR spectroscopy showed the diffusion coefficient of 1,8-diamionooctane matched that of {Pd84}Ac when the compounds were mixed, confirming the strong host-guest interaction. Following this, the [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (Ru-bpy) complex was selected as a potential guest within the {Pd84}Ac cavity due to its suitable size and photochemical properties. 1H NMR spectroscopy showed a significant shifts in the Ru-bpy 1H signals in the presence of {Pd84}Ac, indicating a fast exchange interaction. 1H DOSY NMR spectroscopy revealed the coefficient of the Ru-bpy complex was found to decrease dramatically when in the presence of {Pd84}Ac.
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Hassan, Ahmed Mai. „Discovery and restoration of aberrant nuclear structure and genome behaviour in breast cancer cells“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8847.
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The eukaryotic interphase nucleus is well organised and the genome positioned non-randomly. Nuclear structure is an important regulator of genome behaviour and function. Genome organisation and nuclear structure are compromised in diseases such as cancer and laminopathies. This study was to find out and to determine if there is any functional relationship between nuclear structure and genome mis-organisation in cancer cells. I have assessed the presence and distribution of specific nuclear structural proteins (A-type, B-type lamins and its receptor LBR, many of their binding proteins such as MAN1, LAP2α, LAP2, and Emerin and other nuclear proteins (PML, Nucleolin, and Ki67) using indirect immunofluorescence. From this study, it is found that the nuclear structure of breast cancer cells is often altered. The most severely affected proteins are the nuclear lamins B1 and B2 and they found as large foci within the nucleoplasm with little LBR expression to localise the lamin B. I also assessed the chromosome positioning (HSA 7, 10, 11, 14 and 17) and gene positioning (AKT1, CCND1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, ERRBB2/HER2 and PTEN) in breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, GI-101, Sk-Br-3 and BT-474) and in normal breast cell lines (MCF-10A) using 2D-FISH technique. I also assessed the position of the genes in nuclei and correlated with gene expression using qRT-PCR. Breast cell lines have treated with a drug named lovastatin and it was found that the cells have restored LBR expression and localisation of lamin B, leading to altered gene positioning and changed expression of breast cancer genes. Since the drug (lovastatin, 12 μM/48 hours) affects the prenylation as a post-translation modification process and lamins B biosythensis, it is found that B-type lamins and its receptor expression and distribution were improved and increased in expression by 2-fold in expression levels in the most affected cells (T-47D, and BT-474) compared to the normal cells (MCF-10A) and these cells also showed abnormal nuclei and dead cells. When analysing the nuclear positioning of the genes (AKT1, HSP90AA1 and ERRBB2/HER2), it is found that AKT1 was positioned periphery in BT-474 and T-47D cells and interiorly in the normal cells (MCF-10A) before treatment whereas the same gene was positioned periphery in T-47D and MCF-10A cells and interiorly in BT-474 after treatment with lovastatin. It is also found that HSP90AA1 was positioned periphery in MCF-10A and T-47D cells and interiorly in BT-474 cells before and after treatment (no change). Moreover, ERRBB2/HER2 gene was positioned periphery in T-47D and BT-474 cells and interiorly in MCF-10A cells before treatment whereas the same gene was positioned periphery in MCF-10A and T-47D cells and interiorly in BT-474 after treatment with the same drug. Regarding LMNB1, LMNB2, and LBR genes, the study focussed only on their expression levels and no work has done on their chromosome positioning as well as gene position before and after treatment. These three genes were over expressed when assessed by measuring the relative and fold changes in expression. Therefore, it is suggestive that 2D-FISH experiment to assess their localisation and their specific chromosome territories is required. The results shown in this thesis demonstrate the importance and roles of nuclear architecture specifically nuclear lamins and the integral nuclear membrane proteins (B-type lamins and LBR) in mediating correct genome organisation and function. The breast normal (immortalised cells) and cancerous cell lines showed different nuclear structures as lamin B affect the position of specific target chromosomes and genes. These results will strength the finding that the nuclear lamina is a significant nuclear structure which associates, organises, and regulates numerous vital nuclear processes and the stability of the genome.
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Labus, Michael. „Discovery of the CRM behaviour theory : managing corporate customer relationships in the changing telecoms industry“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444495.
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Webb, Joseph Charles. „The use of discovery awareness in intellectual disability services : examining a European approach to challenging behaviour in a UK setting“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43360/.
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A series of abuse scandals in recent years have stimulated debate regarding appropriate ways to care for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour, with policy emphasising the need to move beyond reactive and aversive approaches. This thesis presents a qualitative study of the use of Discovery Awareness; a non-aversive video-analysis based approach to challenging behaviour which aims to improve relational aspects of care. Fieldwork was undertaken over a 10 month period in two Assessment and Treatment Units on a single site in the UK. During this period, 7 Discovery Awareness sessions were filmed and 12 interviews were conducted with staff who had experience of attending DA sessions. The filmed DA sessions were analysed using Conversation Analysis (CA) whilst the interview data explored staff accounts and perceptions of using DA in practice. The findings demonstrate that method integrity is an interactionally achieved phenomenon accomplished by the chairperson establishing interactional frameworks, shaping the conditional relevance of turns in line with the aims of the session, and through signalling transgressions in situ. There was no one interactional rule that applied to the whole DA session, making participant transgressions probable. Stance and interpretation were central actions related to video analysis in the session. Participants in DA utilised vague language to reduce the ‘degree of liability’ that a speaker may face. Participants also employed experiential formulations when interpreting the patients’ behaviour. This both minimises the basis for disagreement and enables participants to bring to the surface tacit dimensions of knowledge regarding the patient. These skills may be valuable in care environments, where staff have to make decisions based on signs interpreted from patients in the moment. The conversation analytic work also uncovered the prevalent use of ‘imagined constructed inner dialogue’, in which staff members talk as the patients’ inner voice. This formulation was used to perform a variety of actions such as evidencing participants’ stances, gist formulating the turn of another speaker, and to imagine alternative courses of events from the patient’s point of view. The use of imagined constructed inner dialogue also enabled speakers to give voice to non-aligning turns which offer alternative assessments without the need for prefacing non-alignment and minimising disagreement commonly found in every day conversations. Whilst imagined constituted dialogue fulfils an epistemic function, it also enabled participants to fulfil one of the remits of a DA session; to try to see the world from the patient’s point of view. By speaking as the patient, staff take an empathetic stance and affiliate with the patient’s imagined experience whilst keeping the patient’s voice central, and debatable, in the sessions. The interview findings suggest that DA is perceived as a valuable tool in helping staff reflect on the behaviour and personhood of the patient, as well as their own role in interactions with the patient. Whilst a variety of positive outcomes were reported, there was no consensus about how or whether these factors resulted in a reduction in challenging behaviour. However DA was perceived as having a beneficial effect on the culture of the units and in promoting recognition of personal and collective skills relating to understanding and exploring the patients’ behaviour. Possible impediments to implementation were also identified through analysis of the sessions, staff interviews, and through a literature review focusing on the factors which promote or impede the use of methods in ID practice. The findings contribute to existing conversation analytic work on studying intellectual disability services from an interactional perspective. They also build on work examining how methods are implemented interactionally. This has relevance for understanding how ID methods are implemented in real world situations, and for ID policy and practice.
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Belfodil, Aimene. „An order theoretic point-of-view on subgroup discovery“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI078.
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Comme le titre pourrait le suggérer, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir une meilleure compréhension de la tâche de la découverte de sous-groupes à travers la théorie de l’ordre. La découverte de sous-groupes (Subgroup Discovery - SD) est la tâche automatique dont le but est la découverte d’hypothèses intéressantes dans les bases de données. Autrement dit, étant donnée une base de donnée, l’espace de recherche de toutes les hypothèses que l’analyste voudra tester ainsi qu’un moyen formel pour évaluer la qualité de ces hypothèses ; la tâche automatique de la découverte de sous-groupe s’efforce de trouver les meilleurs hypothèses quant à ces trois paramètres. Afin d’élaborer des algorithmes efficaces et efficients pour cette tâche, il est important de comprendre les propriétés des espaces de recherche d’une part et les propriétés de la mesure de qualité d’autre part. Dans cette thèse, nous étendons l’état de l’art par: (i) fournir une vue unifiée sur les espaces d’hypothèses derrière la tâche de découverte de sous-groupes en utilisant la théorie de l’ordre, (ii) proposer l’espace d’hypothèses de conjonctions d’inégalités linéaires dans les bases de données numériques ainsi que différents algorithmes permettant de les énumérer et (iii) proposer un algorithme anytime - fournit progressivement des résultats - pour la tâche particulière de fouille de sous-groupe discriminants dans les bases de données numériques. Ce dernier fournit des garanties sur la qualité des sous-groupes extraits même si l’algorithme est interrompuAs the title of this dissertation may suggest, the aim of this thesis is to provide an order-theoretic point of view on the task of subgroup discovery. Subgroup discovery is the automatic task of discovering interesting hypotheses in databases. That is, given a database, the hypothesis space the analyst wants to explore and a formal way of how the analyst gauges the quality of the hypotheses (e.g. a quality measure); the automated task of subgroup discovery aims to extract the interesting hypothesis w.r.t. these parameters. In order to elaborate fast and efficient algorithms for subgroup discovery, one should understand the underlying properties of the hypothesis space on the one hand and the properties of its quality measure on the other. In this thesis, we extend the state-of-the-art by: (i) providing a unified view of the hypotheses space behind subgroup discovery using the well-founded mathematical tool of order theory, (ii) proposing the new hypothesis space of conjunction of linear inequalities in numerical databases and the algorithms enumerating its elements and (iii) proposing an anytime algorithm for discriminative subgroup discovery on numerical datasets providing guarantees upon interruption
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Viljoen, Christo. „Price discovery, price behaviour, and efficiency of selected grain commodities traded on the agricultural products division of the JSE securities exchange“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002686.
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Agricultural commodity derivatives were first introduced in South Africa in 1996 after the deregulation of the former marketing system. In the context of its proposed functions, namely price discovery and risk management, the question arose as to whether the futures market developed over time to performed its role efficiently. According to the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) an efficient market is one that accurately incorporates all information available at any point in time. The purpose of the research was to address the issue of price discovery efficiency, firstly, focusing on the weak-form methodology. Secondly, considering the behaviour of futures prices over time, the study addressed the concern of anomalies in daily returns – phenomena contradictory to the EMH by implication. Thirdly, as a means of defining the sources of inefficiency, the role of scheduled public information and its impact on futures prices was examined. Therefore, the primary objective of the research was to investigate and identify the main components of agricultural futures market inefficiency within the unique price formation structure of South African grain markets. The assessment of this problem is important in terms of evaluating the growth and development of the futures market for different grain commodities to date. The Exchange needs to review rules and regulations on a frequent basis in order to ensure proper functioning at all times especially in the case of a relatively new and fast growing market. The study contributed to the knowledge of understanding the price adjustment process and its implications for market efficiency in the context of the three grain markets considered. The weak-form efficiency was tested using a co-integration based model. Analysing daily spot and futures prices of white maize, yellow maize, and wheat, results indicated that all three markets were efficient and unbiased. Non-parametric tests revealed the significant presence of day-of-the-week and turn-of-the-month effects in the futures returns of the three commodities. Further non-parametric analyses suggested a high degree of uncertainty in futures returns around scheduled agricultural and macroeconomic information release dates also contributing significantly to the identified anomalies. It was concluded that (1) the markets’ ability to anticipate the contents of future information to be released, (2) the current skewed size distribution of broking members, (3) the significant role of the R/$ exchange rate in the price formation process of South African grains and, therefore, (4) the relationship to and influence of the broader economy enhanced the return effects (anomalies) creating opportunity for profitable arbitrage. This conclusion was mainly attributed to South Africa’s status as a price-taker in the world grain complex as well as the relatively short existence of the local agricultural futures markets.
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Psorakis, Ioannis. „Probabilistic inference in ecological networks : graph discovery, community detection and modelling dynamic sociality“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:84741d8b-31ea-4eee-ae44-a0b7b5491700.
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This thesis proposes a collection of analytical and computational methods for inferring an underlying social structure of a given population, observed only via timestamped occurrences of its members across a range of locations. It shows that such data streams have a modular and temporally-focused structure, neither fully ordered nor completely random, with individuals appearing in "gathering events". By exploiting such structure, the thesis proposes an appropriate mapping of those spatio-temporal data streams to a social network, based on the co-occurrences of agents across gathering events, while capturing the uncertainty over social ties via the use of probability distributions. Given the extracted graphs mentioned above, an approach is proposed for studying their community organisation. The method considers communities as explanatory variables for the observed interactions, producing overlapping partitions and node membership scores to groups. The aforementioned models are motivated by a large ongoing experiment at Wytham woods, Oxford, where a population of Parus major wild birds is tagged with RFID devices and a grid of feeding locations generates thousands of spatio-temporal records each year. The methods proposed are applied on such data set to demonstrate how they can be used to explore wild bird sociality, reveal its internal organisation across a variety of different scales and provide insights into important biological processes relating to mating pair formation.
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Smedman, Gustaf, und Timo Kervinen. „Spectrum auctions in Sweden : A theoretical study of spectrum auctions in Sweden“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48728.
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This paper seeks to find whether the spectrum auctions in Sweden have been conducted efficiently and if there is a de facto model that suits all auctions. The efficiency is conditions that emphasise truthful bidding, price discovery and limits collusive behaviour. The paper compares three different auction models used in Sweden, a beauty contest used in the allocation of 3G spectrums, and the auction model selected for the upcoming 5G spectrum auction. The auction models are as follows: first and second-price sealed-bid auction, SMRA and CCA. We found that beauty contests should not be used in any spectrum allocation as it did not meet the criteria of efficiency outlined in this paper. The first-price sealed-bid auction is not a suitable format for spectrum auctions. According to the theory, it generates equivalent revenues on average as the second-price format, which shows a higher degree of efficient allocation. We found that depending on the blocks sold, both SMRA and CCA can result in somewhat efficient results, but they are not suitable for a single object auction. We found that no de facto auction format is suitable for every spectrum auction to be conducted in the future, but instead that the auction format is dependent on the characteristics of the individual auctions.
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Krawitz, Ronald Michael. „Code Clone Discovery Based on Functional Behavior“. NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/201.
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Code clone Discovery Based on Functional Behavior
by
Ronald M Krawitz
2012
Legacy programs are used for many years and experience many cycles of use-maintenance-use-maintenance-use-etc. Source code or source code functionality is frequently replicated within these programs when it is written, as well as when it is maintained. Over time many different developers with greater or lesser understanding of the source code maintain the source code. Maintenance developers, when they have limited time or lack understanding of the program, frequently resort to short cuts that include cutting and pasting existing code and re-implementing functionality instead of refactoring. This means a specific functionality is often repeated several times, sometimes using different source code. Blocks of replicated source code or source code functionality are called code clones. Removing code clones improves extensibility, maintainability, and reusability of a program in addition to making the program more easily understood.
It is generally accepted that four types of code clones exist. Type-1 and Type-2 code clones are comparatively straightforward to locate and tools exist to locate them. However, Type-3 and Type-4 code clones are very difficult to locate with only a few specialized tools capable of locating them with a lower level of precision.
This dissertation presents a new methodology that discovered code clones by studying the functional behavior of blocks of code. Code Clone Discovery based on Functional Behavior (FCD) located code clone by comparing how the blocks of code reacted to various inputs. FCD stimulated the code blocks with the same input patterns and compared the resulting outputs. When a significant portion of the outputs matched, those blocks were declared to be a code clone candidate. Manual analysis confirmed that those blocks of code were code clones. Since FCD discovered code clones based on their black-box behavior, the actual source code syntax was irrelevant and manual inspection further confirmed FCD located code clones that included Type-3 and Type-4 code clones which are frequently excluded from code clone detection tools. FCD recognized the code clones regardless of whether or not they use identical code, similar code, or totally dissimilar code. This new technique allows for an improvement in software quality and has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of software over its lifetime.
Bücher zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Blake, Peggy. Discover your health behaviors: A self-assessment and behavior change manual. New York: Random House, 1987.
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Johnson, Connie. Thrill of discovery. [S.l.]: Surey Books, 1988.
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Stone, Lynn M. Wolves: North American animal discovery library. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Corp., 1990.
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Cordeschi, Roberto. The Discovery of the Artificial: Behavior, Mind and Machines Before and Beyond Cybernetics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002.
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Cordeschi, Roberto. The discovery of the artificial: Behavior, mind, and machines before and beyond cybernetics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
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Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), Hrsg. 1993 Ohio Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS): When, why, and what was discovered. [Columbus, Ohio]: Ohio Dept. of Education, 1994.
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Keesling, Barbara. Super sexual orgasm: Discover the ultimate pleasure spot, the cul-de-sac. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997.
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Sills, Judith. Excess baggage: Discover which 'ruling passion' is weighing you down. London: Thorsons, 1993.
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Patterson, Ella. Will the real women-- please stand up!: Uncommon sense about sexuality, self-esteem, self-discovery, sex, and sensuality. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
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Rose, Seb Seb, Yuya Yuya Kazama und Gaspar Gaspar Nagy. Discovery: Explore Behaviour Using Examples. Independently Published, 2022.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Neenan, Michael, und Windy Dryden. „Guided Discovery“. In Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 90–92. Third edition. | London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. | Series: 100 key points and techniques: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003134053-38.
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Gong, Shaogang, und Tao Xiang. „Hierarchical Behaviour Discovery“. In Visual Analysis of Behaviour, 215–32. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-670-2_9.
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Stevenson, Robin. „Gap Discovery and Analysis“. In Learning and Behaviour in Medicine, 25–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003270287-5.
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Neenan, Michael, und Windy Dryden. „Socratic Questioning (A Method Of Guided Discovery)“. In Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 153–55. Third edition. | London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. | Series: 100 key points and techniques: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003134053-66.
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Zheng, Pengjun, und Mike McDonald. „Application of Fuzzy Systems in the Car-Following Behaviour Analysis“. In Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 782–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11539506_97.
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Marascu, Alice, und Florent Masseglia. „A Multi-resolution Approach for Atypical Behaviour Mining“. In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 899–906. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01307-2_94.
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Zhang, Xiuzhen, Guozhu Dong und Kotagiri Ramamohanarao. „Building Behaviour Knowledge Space to Make Classification Decision“. In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 488–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45357-1_51.
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Elsayed, Shereen, Ahmed Rashed und Lars Schmidt-Thieme. „HMAR: Hierarchical Masked Attention for Multi-behaviour Recommendation“. In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 131–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2262-4_11.
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Abghari, Shahrooz, Veselka Boeva, Jens Brage und Christian Johansson. „District Heating Substation Behaviour Modelling for Annotating the Performance“. In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43887-6_1.
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Ots, Kärt, Fernando Loizides und Sónia Sousa. „Information Seeking Behaviour of Scholars Using Resource Discovery Systems“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 405–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28197-1_41.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Kirk, Jan, und Marco Scirea. „Towards Diverse Non-Player Character behaviour discovery in multi-agent environments“. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cog60054.2024.10645617.
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Zhang, Qinqiang, Ryo Matsumura, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi und Naoki Fukata. „Fabrication and Characterization of Germanium Monosulfide Field-Effect Transistors“. In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia, 18a_A35_4. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.18a_a35_4.
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The discovery of graphene stimulates the development of low dimensional materials based functional devices [1]. However, the gapless behaviors of graphene restrain itself for next-generation semiconducting electronics and optoelectronics. The germanium monosulfide (GeS), as one of the newly re-discovered and promising two-dimensional layered semiconductors, has recently emerged. Previously, we have achieved the synthesis of large area germanium monosulfide (GeS). In this abstract, we focus on the fabrication of the GeS field-effect transistors (FETs) and its current-voltage (I-V) characterizations.
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de Moura, Nelson, Fernando Garrido und Fawzi Nashashibi. „Improving behavior profile discovery for vehicles“. In 2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 927–34. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802505.
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Qi, Shuhan, Chengkai Huang und Yifan Li. „Understanding Brand's Association: Fine-Grained Multi-Modal Content Discovery for Brands“. In 2024 11th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/besc64747.2024.10780459.
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Heinström, Jannica, und Eero Sormunen. „Serendipity as chaos or discovery – exploring the role of personality and sense of coherence“. In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2001.
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Introduction. Individual differences have long been said to influence serendipity. Empirically, however, robust evidence is lacking for this connection. This study addressed this research gap by linking serendipity to personality traits and sense of coherence. Method. Data from 140 respondents was collected by an online survey. The survey measured the five-factor model personality traits, sense of coherence and serendipitously found useful and interesting information. Analysis. The data was analysed by a general linear model regression analysis. Results. Only 7% of variance of serendipity/usefulness and 10% of serendipity/interest could be explained by personality and sense of coherence. Usefulness was linked to sense of coherence (low comprehensibility), while interest was linked to personality (extraversion, agreeableness and low negative emotionality). Conclusions. Individual differences in serendipity was found both related to a negative cognitive experience of information chaos and a positive affective-behavioural experience of discovery. Lack of control over the information flow could lead to a sense that acquisition of useful information is governed by chance rather than conscious efforts. Activity, social connectedness and positive emotionality, in turn, would increase the likelihood to discover interesting information.
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Luckie, Matthew, und Ben Stasiewicz. „Measuring path MTU discovery behaviour“. In the 10th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1879141.1879155.
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Shen, Yun, und Trevor Martin. „Intelligent user search behaviour knowledge discovery“. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2010.5584867.
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Gjoreski, Hristijan, und Daniel Roggen. „Unsupervised online activity discovery using temporal behaviour assumption“. In UbiComp '17: The 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3123021.3123044.
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Faruquie, Tanveer A., Subhashis Banerjee und Prem K. Kalra. „Unsupervised Discovery of Activities and Their Temporal Behaviour“. In 2012 9th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/avss.2012.79.
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Martin, J. Antonio, und E. Pimentel Sanchez. „Feature-Based Discovery of Services with Adaptable Behaviour“. In 2010 8th IEEE European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecows.2010.22.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Behaviour discovery"
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Brody, Fern, Judith Brink, Anne Koenig, Dan Przybylak und Berenika M. Webster. Library Impact Research Report: Discovery of Published Information by Early-Career Science Faculty. Association of Research Libraries, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.pitt2022a.
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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, a team from the University of Pittsburgh Library System conducted a study to understand the information-seeking behavior of early-career faculty in the hard sciences. The team sought to learn how those faculty discover published content and if they use library-purchased commercial databases in the process. Additionally, the team wished to understand how much time and effort researchers invest when looking for content and what pain points they experience. Another objective of this project was to develop and evaluate a methodology for collecting and analyzing information about the library’s role in the research discovery process, for any part of the research life cycle. Thus, the results will guide library services, as well as shed light on ways libraries can support researchers in research discovery.
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MacDonald, D., und B. Lowekamp. NAT Behavior Discovery Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN). RFC Editor, Mai 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5780.
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Muñoz, Ernesto, Iván Hernández, Francisco González, Nathalie Cely und Iván Prieto. The Discovery of New Export Products in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010828.
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This paper examines export diversification in Ecuador in the cases of fresh cut flowers, canned tuna, palm heart, broccoli and mangoes, using the theoretical framework on pioneers and discoveries developed by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003), as well as work by Sánchez and Butler (2006) on export costs and related uncertainties. It is found that the discoveries were mainly of traditional competitive advantage, with various degrees of technology adoption. The following policy implications are derived: i) innovative mechanisms to share the costs of new discoveries must be found and intellectual property rights strengthened; ii) cooperation among industry experts needs to improve; iii) deeper collective action to promote public-private partnerships should be undertaken; iv) relevant information and knowledge should be made available to all interested parties; and v) a national-level agenda should be undertaken to increase private investment in promising sectors while promoting the creation of public goods and minimizing rent-seeking behavior.
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Landolt, Peter, Ezra Dunkelblum, Robert R. Heath und Moshe Kehat. Host Plant Chemical Mediation of Heliothis Reproductive Behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7568753.bard.
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Phytophagous insects respond to chemicals from their host plants in a number of ways, including orientation or attraction in response to volatiles produced by plants. Orientation to odors from host plants may occur in order to locate food, mates, or oviposition sites. A detailed understanding of these behaviors are the chemical stimuli evoking them may provide useful means for attracting and trapping insect pests of crop plants. Heliothine moths (Helicoverpa and Heliothis herein) include a number of major pests of cultivated crop plants throughout the world. In North America, these include Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea. In much of Eurasia (including Israel) Australia, and Africa, these include Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa peltigera. These 4 species of concern all are attracted to odorants from host plants (Tingle and Mitchell 2992, Mitchell et al 1991, 1992 BARD feasibility study report). Host plant chemicals also play a role in the sexual behavior of Helicoverpa species. Synthesis and possibly release of sex pheromone in H. zea and H. phloxiphaga is stimulated by kairomones from hosts plants (Raina 1988, 1992). Pheromona scent marking on host plants also occurs in H. virescens and H. zea. Studies of several other insects, including the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, have a variety of other behaviors may occur in association with host plants, including the use of plants as sexual rendesvous sites and of direct involvement of plant chemicals in sexual behavior. Some pest species of moths also may use host plants as adult food sources. These studies were undertaken to develop a more thorough understanding of how Heliothis/Helicoverpa moths use host plant odorants to locate and select foods, mates, and oviposition sites. We used Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea in Florida, and Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa peltigera in Israel as objects of study because of their pest status. It is hoped that such an understanding will provide direction for work to discover and develop novel means to control these pests through behavioral manipulation. The specific objectives of the proposal were to 1) identify host odor affects on known Heliothine sexual behavior, 2) identify novel sexual behavior that is how dependent, 3) isolate and characterize host kairomones important to pest Heliothine host and mate-location behavior, and 4) investigate female attraction to males.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi und Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.
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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Asaeda, H., H. Liu und Q. Wu. Tuning the Behavior of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for Routers in Mobile and Wireless Networks. RFC Editor, Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6636.
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., und Raghuveer Gouribhatla. Drivers’ Response to Scenarios when Driving Connected and Automated Vehicles Compared to Vehicles with and without Driver Assist Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1944.
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Traffic related crashes cause more than 38,000 fatalities every year in the United States. They are the leading cause of death among drivers up to 54 years in age and incur $871 million in losses each year. Driver errors contribute to about 94% of these crashes. In response, automotive companies have been developing vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that aid in various driving tasks. These features are aimed at enhancing safety by either warning drivers of a potential hazard or picking up certain driving maneuvers like maintaining the lane. These features are already part of vehicles with Driver Assistance Technology, and they are vital for successful deployment of connected and automated vehicles in the near future. However, drivers' responses to driving vehicles with advanced features have been meagerly explored. This research evaluates driver participants' response to scenarios when driving connected and automated vehicles compared to vehicles with and without Driver Assistance Technology. The research developed rural, urban, and freeway driving scenarios in a driver simulator and tested on participants sixteen years to sixty-five years old. The research team explored two types of advanced features by categorizing them into warnings and automated features. The results show that the advanced features affected driving behavior by making driver participants less aggressive and harmonizing the driving environment. This research also discovered that the type of driving scenario influences the effect of advanced features on driver behavior. Additionally, aggressive driving behavior was observed most in male participants and during nighttime conditions. Rainy conditions and female participants were associated with less aggressive driving behavior. The findings from this research help to assess driver behavior when driving vehicles with advanced features. They can be inputted into microsimulation software to model the effect of vehicles with advanced features on the performance of transportation systems, advancing technology that could eventually save millions of dollars and thousands of lives.
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Riley, Mark, und Akis Pipidis. The Mechanical Analogue of the "Backbending" Phenomenon in Nuclear-structure Physics. Florida State University, Mai 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu_physics-backbending.
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This short pedagogical movie illustrates an effect in nuclear physics called backbending which was first observed in the study of the rotational behavior of rapidly rotating rare-earth nuclei in Stockholm, Sweden in 1971. The video contains a mechanical analog utilizing rare-earth magnets and rotating gyroscopes on a turntable along with some historic spectra and papers associated with this landmark discovery together with its explanation in terms of the Coriolis induced uncoupling and rotational alignment of a specific pair of particles occupying high-j intruder orbitals. Thus backbending represents a crossing in energy of the groundstate, or vacuum, rotational band by another band which has two unpaired high-j nucleons (two quasi-particles) with their individual angular momenta aligned with the rotation axis of the rapidly rotating nucleus. Backbending was a major surprise which pushed the field of nuclear structure physics forward but which is now sufficiently well understood that it can be used as a precision spectroscopic tool providing useful insight for example, into nuclear pairing correlations and changes in the latter due to blocking effects and quasi-particle seniority, nuclear deformation, the excited configurations of particular rotational structures and the placement of proton and neutron intruder orbitals at the Fermi surface.
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Floyd, Jason, und Daniel Madrzykowski. Analysis of a Near Miss in a Garden Apartment Fire – Georgia 2022. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/rsfd6862.
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On February 9, 2022, Cobb County Fire and Emergency Services responded to a fire in a ground floor unit in a garden apartment building. At arrival, the fire was a post-flashover fire in a bedroom. Initial fire control was attempted by an interior fire attack team which was unable to quickly locate the fire. Exterior suppression through the bedroom window was started prior to discovery of the fire by the interior team. Shortly after fire discovery by the internal team, a mayday was called. Four firefighters from the interior fire attack team received first and second degree burns. This report analyzes photographic, video, and written documentation from the incident to evaluate the timeline of the incident and to assess the fire conditions present. Computer modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed to provide further insight into the fire conditions and the impact of decisions and actions on the fire ground. Additionally, data from a full scale fire test of a similar fire in a similar structure was used to provide additional insight. Four FDS simulations were performed in support of the analysis. These included a simulation of the event as it unfolded and three simulations looking at the impact of alternate tactics which included: initial exterior attack prior to entry, the use of a smoke curtain to protect the building exit path, and interior only attack. FDS simulations provided insight on the heat present in the apartment during the fire and the impact of the interior and exterior suppression on conditions inside the apartment. Full scale test data of a similar fire showed similar behavior to the FDS predictions and gives credence to the FDS results. Results of the analysis suggest that injuries resulted from the length of time the interior attack team was present inside the apartment before actions were taken to reduce the severity of the fire. Six contributing factors were identified including size-up, communication and accountability, delayed exterior attack, lack of entry hall protection, the apartment layout and construction, thermal imager use, and mayday procedures and training. The last contributing factor was a positive contribution that helped avoid more serious injuries. Based on the contributing factors, five recommendations were made that include improved size-up, exterior fire control to prevent exterior spread, protection of exit pathways, basing fire ground tactics on known information, and recognizing when a change in tactics is needed.
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Leis und Walsh. L51575 Mechanics-Based Analysis of SCC in a Carbonate-Bicarbonate Environment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010306.
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Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs occasionally in line-pipe steels. Reviews of this cracking indicate that the environment is carbonate-bicarbonate and that the cracking is primarily intergranular. Research sponsored by the PRCI Line Pipe Research Supervisory Committee (LPRSC) has over the years identified metallurgical and electrochemical parameters as playing a role in the process. This work has also argued the significance of strain rate and its relationship to the service loading, given that dissolution is indicated as the controlling mechanism. While much has been learned about the mechanism of cracking, very little has been learned about how to directly relate the nucleation and growth of cracks to the loading, the metallurgy, and the environmental parameters. The continual development of new line-pipe steels, the probable development of reliable in-line inspection (ILI) tools to detect SCC, and the occasional discovery of cracking colonies during field surveys have recently centered attention on methods to rank line-pipe resistance to SCC and characterize crack-growth rates. Ranking line-pipe resistance to SCC may be done in terms of a threshold stress for nucleation of SCC or the rate of crack growth at some crack depth beyond nucleation. Estimating remaining life of cracks located by an ILI tool or confirmed in a field survey involves only crack growth rate data or data that define a threshold stress for continued growth. Recent attention of the SCC subgroup of the LPRSC, therefore, has focussed on experimental protocols to assess susceptibility, determine thresholds, and establish growth rate behavior. The tapered-tension test (TTT) has been developed to determine stress thresholds for crack nucleation, whereas several different prenotched or precracked geometries have been or are now being used to assess crack growth. Attention has also focussed on modelling SCC thresholds and crack growth behavior so that data developed under laboratory conditions can be adapted to assess field cracking situations. Models are being explored for both threshold and crack-growth conditions. This report presents the development and validation for a model that is being adapted to line-pipe problems for the SCC subgroup. This model deals with the threshold for and the growth of SCC cracks up to about 0.020-inch deep.