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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Behaviour change models“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Behaviour change models"
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O'neill, Philip. „Epidemic models featuring behaviour change“. Advances in Applied Probability 27, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1995): 960–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427931.
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This paper considers a model for the spread of an epidemic in a closed population whose members are in either a high-risk or a low-risk activity group. Further, members of the high-risk group may change their behaviour by entering the low-risk group. Both stochastic and deterministic models are examined. A limiting model, appropriate when there is a large number of initially susceptible individuals, is used to provide a threshold analysis. The epidemic is compared to a single group epidemic, and to suitably parametrised two-group epidemics, using a coupling method. The total size distribution and effects of changing the behaviour change rate are considered.
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O'neill, Philip. „Epidemic models featuring behaviour change“. Advances in Applied Probability 27, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1995): 960–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800047765.
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This paper considers a model for the spread of an epidemic in a closed population whose members are in either a high-risk or a low-risk activity group. Further, members of the high-risk group may change their behaviour by entering the low-risk group. Both stochastic and deterministic models are examined. A limiting model, appropriate when there is a large number of initially susceptible individuals, is used to provide a threshold analysis. The epidemic is compared to a single group epidemic, and to suitably parametrised two-group epidemics, using a coupling method. The total size distribution and effects of changing the behaviour change rate are considered.
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Letarte, Marie-Josée, und Sylvie Normandeau. „Models of behaviour change: Contribution to psychological treatment“. Revue de psychoéducation 37, Nr. 1 (2008): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1097008ar.
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Heino, Matti T. J., Keegan Knittle, Chris Noone, Fred Hasselman und Nelli Hankonen. „Studying Behaviour Change Mechanisms under Complexity“. Behavioral Sciences 11, Nr. 5 (14.05.2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11050077.
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Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of behaviour change interventions is vital for accumulating valid scientific evidence, and useful to informing practice and policy-making across multiple domains. Traditional approaches to such evaluations have applied study designs and statistical models, which implicitly assume that change is linear, constant and caused by independent influences on behaviour (such as behaviour change techniques). This article illustrates limitations of these standard tools, and considers the benefits of adopting a complex adaptive systems approach to behaviour change research. It (1) outlines the complexity of behaviours and behaviour change interventions; (2) introduces readers to some key features of complex systems and how these relate to human behaviour change; and (3) provides suggestions for how researchers can better account for implications of complexity in analysing change mechanisms. We focus on three common features of complex systems (i.e., interconnectedness, non-ergodicity and non-linearity), and introduce Recurrence Analysis, a method for non-linear time series analysis which is able to quantify complex dynamics. The supplemental website provides exemplifying code and data for practical analysis applications. The complex adaptive systems approach can complement traditional investigations by opening up novel avenues for understanding and theorising about the dynamics of behaviour change.
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Colombo, Serena L., Salvatore G. Chiarella, Camille Lefrançois, Jacques Fradin, Antonino Raffone und Luca Simione. „Why Knowing about Climate Change Is Not Enough to Change: A Perspective Paper on the Factors Explaining the Environmental Knowledge-Action Gap“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 20 (13.10.2023): 14859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014859.
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A successful transition to a lower-emission society may require major changes in the patterns of individual behaviours. Yet, whilst awareness and concern about climate change have increased in recent years among the global population, global greenhouse gases emissions have not ceased to rise. This paper discusses potential reasons underlying the gap between individual knowledge of climate change and the actions implemented to contain greenhouse gas emissions. To investigate this phenomenon, we look at the scientific literature exploring the factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour. First, we highlight how an individual’s environmental knowledge is not only approximate but also biased by cognitive, affective, and cultural factors, influencing their appraisal of climate information and their motivation to act. Second, we discuss three major models of pro-environmental behaviour, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the Norm-Activation Model (NAM), and the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN), to highlight their failure to account for automatic cognitive and affective factors influencing an individual’s ability to implement pro-environmental intentions. Then, we discuss the Comprehensive-Action-Determination Model of pro-environmental behaviour (CADM), and its efforts to overcome the limits of the previous models. Finally, we examine the dispositional traits associated with pro-environmental engagement to highlight how the relationship between dispositions and pro-environmental behaviour performance appears related to self-regulation processes, supported by executive functioning; increased self-regulation would enable alignment of pro-environmental intentions and behaviours, and anticipation of the long-term consequences of present behaviours. We conclude by calling for more research to be carried out on the effect of enhanced self-regulation, and of self-regulation training, on individual reactions to the climate crisis.
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Plewis, Ian. „Modelling Behaviour with Multivariate Multilevel Growth Curves“. Methodology 1, Nr. 2 (Januar 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-1881.1.2.71.
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Abstract. Developmental data are often both longitudinal and multivariate and can be handled within a multilevel framework. This paper fits a range of multivariate multilevel models to both continuous and binary data to examine the ways in which a set of behavioural measures change together with age. These data were collected by researchers in Montreal, Canada. Methodologically, we find that within and between individual correlations vary only a little according to the ways in which the models are specified. Substantively, we find that measures of aggression and opposition are closely related but both are less closely related to a measure of hyperactivity. Models for the effects of socio-economic status on levels and changes are fitted, as are models that examine change conditional on an initial measure. The findings are compared with those previously obtained using a growth trajectories approach.
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Barker, M., und J. A. Swift. „The application of psychological theory to nutrition behaviour change“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68, Nr. 2 (26.02.2009): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665109001177.
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Changing individuals' health behaviour seems to be the key to solving many of the world's health problems. Although there is a multitude of potential influences, many interventions to improve health seek to change intrinsic psychological determinants of health behaviour. To date, most attention has been paid to cognitions, such as attitudes and beliefs, and a number of social cognition models (SCM) are in current use. SCM all describe cognitions as determinants of behaviour, thereby implying that changes in cognitions will lead to changes in behaviour. Although SCM are widely used to predict a range of health behaviours, they are associated with a number of important limitations, including poor levels of predictive power, particularly in relation to eating behaviour, and limited guidance about the operationalisation of theoretical constructs. These limitations may explain why very few interventions to change behaviour are explicitly theory-based, despite the widely-held view that having a clear theoretical underpinning will improve effectiveness. Ultimately, advances in understanding and changing health behaviour will come about only if psychological theory and practice are integrated. The recently-published taxonomy of behaviour-change techniques used in interventions is a good example of integrated research, but more work of this type is essential and will require respectful collaboration between researchers and practitioners working from a range of different disciplines such as health psychology, public health nutrition and health promotion.
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Suhendra, Agus Achmad. „Increasing Business Performance in the Digital Era through Improving Business Models“. Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol.2(2) Apr-Jun 2017 2, Nr. 2 (20.03.2017): 09–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.2(2).
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Objective - Recently, Indonesian companies have been facing a change in market behaviour due to the emergence of the digital era, in which a wide range of digital products have become a necessity in the lifestyle of Indonesian people. This situation calls for a strategic response by Indonesian companies in order to continue the sustainability of their business. One of these strategic responses is the improvement of business models. Methodology/Technique - This paper presents lessons learned from a number of companies in Indonesia that have successfully innovated and improved their business models. The research uses a mixed methodology, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the findings, the research concludes that Indonesian market behaviours have been changing due to the emergence of the digital era. Those changes have encouraged many companies to innovate and improve their business models to ensure their company's business model fits with the changing market behaviour. The strategies discussed are effective in ensuring the growth and sustainability of Indonesian businesses. Findings - This study presents new findings on the environmental elements that affect business strategy, particularly socio-technology. It is the aspect of social behaviour that is stimulated by technological change. Novelty - The research also contributes to the development of the concept and knowledge of the digital economy. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Digital Era; Business Model; Business Performance; Design; Innovation; Improvement. JEL Classification: L11, L25.
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Laily, Rohisotul, Rasipin Rasipin, Supriyana Supriyana, Suharyo Hadisaputro und Bedjo Santoso. „Behaviour Change Therapy Model Training in Efforts to Change Tooth Brushing Behavior Parents / Guardians of Mental Retarded ChildrenPelatihan Model Behaviour Change Therapy Terhadap Upaya Perubahan Perilaku Menggosok Gigi Orang Tua/ Wali Anak Retardasi“. Journal of Applied Health Management and Technology 1, Nr. 4 (03.11.2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jahmt.v1i4.6022.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental and oral health problems of most people, including mental retardation children. Child health policy mental retardation with all its limitations requires the participation of parents/ guardians. Brushing teeth behavior of parents in increasing motivation to brush children's teeth mentally retarded. Strategies for providing dental health education in accordance with the needs and abilities of children are needed. Behavior change therapy model in parents/ guardians is a learning model as a skill in brushing children's teeth mentally retarded. Puspose: The purpose of this study is to produce a behavior change therapy model that is able to improve the brushing behavior of parents/ guardians of children with mental retardation. Methods: Research and Development (R D) procedures there are 5 stages of gathering information, design models, expert validation and revision, test models, the final results of the model. The sample collected 32 parents / guardians. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Data on the model results were tested by paired different tests, intergroup difference tests, and proportion. Results: The results of this study, obtained about changes in significant in increasing knowledge knowledge (0.000), attitudes (0.000), skills (0.000) parents/ guardians. Conclusion The model of appropriate and effective behavior change therapy is effective in increasing the brushing of teeth of parents / guardians of children with mental retardation. Keywords: Behaviour change therapy models, tooth brushing behavior, parents/ guardians of children with mental retardation. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut sebagian besar dialami masyarakat, termasuk anak retardasi mental. keadaan ini disebabkan rendahnya perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi. Anak retardasi mental dengan segala keterbatasan yang dimilikinya memerlukan peran serta orang tua/ wali. Perilaku menggosok gigi orang tua berpengaruh besar dalam peningkatan perilaku menggosok gigi anak retardasi mental. Strategi pemberian pendidikan kesehatan gigi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan anak sangat dibutuhkan. Model behaviour change therapy pada orang tua/ wali merupakan model pembelajaran sebagai keterampilan perilaku menggosok gigi anak retardasi mental. Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan model behaviour change therapy mampu meninngkatkan perilaku menggosok gigi orang tua/ wali anak retardasi mental. Metode : Research and Development (RD) prosedur ada 5 tahap pengumpulan informasi, rancang bangun model, validasi ahli dan revisi, uji model, hasil akhir model.Sampel berjumlah 32 orang tua/ wali. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data hasil model diuji dengan uji beda berpasangan, uji beda antar kelompok, dan uji proporsi. Hasil menunjukan. Hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa perubahan dalam sigifikan dalam peningkatan pengetahuan (0,000), sikap (0,000), keterampilan (0,000) orang tua/ wali. Kesimpulan model behaviour change therapy layak dan penerapannya efektif terhadap peningkatan perilaku menggosok gigi orang tua/ wali anak retardasi mental. Kata kunci : model bahviour change therapy, perilaku menggosok gigi, orang tua/wali anak retardasi mental
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Di Carlo, Federico. „Coaching “change” while keeping the coach/player relationship strong“. ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review 23, Nr. 66 (31.08.2015): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v23i66.133.
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Modern neuroscience is proposing time models on how changes in brain neuro-patterns change human cognition, emotion and behaviour. Indeed the word “change” is very often used by coaches at any grade and level to elicit different behaviours from athletes and tennis players. However, in an individual sport like tennis in which self-esteem and confidence are paramount, the word, concept and image of “change” may shake the player’s self-esteem and jeopardise the overall coach-player relationship.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Behaviour change models"
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Dotzauer, Dominik [Verfasser], und Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz. „Health Behaviour Change – Theories and Models : Current application and future directions for reliable health behavior change / Dominik Dotzauer ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Schulz“. Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151638927/34.
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Wu, Ning. „Artificial intelligence solutions for models of dynamic land use change“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610781.
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Brikke, Sarah. „Young People and the Environment: Exploring Factors that Influence Young People's Environmentally Caring Behaviours in Indonesia“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365547.
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Within the space of a few decades, young people's understandings and experiences of nature have changed radically. Today, many young people are aware of the global threats to the environment - but their physical contact, their intimacy with nature, is diminishing, leading it is argued to a "nature deficit disorder". In order to minimise the risk of nature deficit disorder, this study seeks to understand how behaviour change models, innovative environmental education approaches, and an ethic of care may influence young people's environmentally caring behaviours. The main research question is: What are the factors that influence young people's environmentally caring behaviours in Indonesia? This question is addressed through three sub-research questions: 1) What can we learn from behaviour change models about young people's environmentally caring behaviours?, 2) How do environmental education approaches influence young people's environmentally caring behaviours?, and 3) What added value do ethic of care principles bring to better understanding young people's environmentally caring behaviour?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Small, Michael. „China's Social Credit System and Pro-Environmental Behaviour“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398802.
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Climate change is an enormous challenge which, if not addressed will have detrimental impacts across the globe. This problem is largely produced by human behaviour. Therefore, strategies aimed at influencing behaviour are necessary in addressing this issue. Governments are currently utilising informational campaigns, rewards, penalties, nudging and structural changes to influence pro-environmental behaviour. Although these methods are creating change, it is far from sufficient to address the massive and urgent issue of climate change. Therefore, alternative strategies should be considered. As such, this thesis aims to explore the effectiveness and the extent to which the Social Credit System, as it is being developed in China, can be considered an alternative strategy for producing pro-environmental behaviour. A framework to analyse and describe the SCS was developed by executing a literature review of key environmental behaviour models and intervention strategies aimed at producing pro-environmental behaviour. It concludes that the Social Credit System utilises a variety of methods similar to the behaviour models and interventions reviewed in this thesis, especially as far as rewards and punishments are concerned. However, surveillance stands out as a distinct means of intervention that is not utilised outside China to produce pro-environmental behaviour. The discussion suggests that this aspect of the system might be effective in contributing to address the challenge of climate change due to its coercive nature.
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Hanratty, Marcus. „Design for Sustainable Behaviour : a conceptual model and intervention selection model for changing behaviour through design“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19548.
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This thesis is based in the research area of Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB), a field which seeks to reduce the social and environmental impact of products in the use phase of their life cycle. There has been significant theoretical development in this area in recent years, leading to a proliferation of intervention strategies and design methodologies. However, there has been a recognised lack of a reliable means of selecting which intervention strategy to use in a given situation, and a lack of real world intervention case studies generating measurable medium-to-long term reductions in energy consumption. Addressing these gaps was a central focus of this research. This thesis documents four distinct research phases; an extensive literature review, an in-depth user study of existing energy consuming behaviours and motivations, the development and trialling of design interventions, and the evaluation of the generated theories as a tool for designers. Literature on domestic energy consumption, human behaviour, and approaches to changing behaviour was reviewed to establish the current level of thinking and to identify opportunities for further research. This guided the undertaking of the user study with a number of families in the East Midlands of the UK, which illuminated the relevant motivational goals, and highly routinized nature, displayed in many energy consuming behaviours. Over the course of this phase of the research journey a new conceptual model of behaviour in context was developed, and refined to create the Behavioural Intervention Selection Axis (BISA). These theoretical developments were then applied to the generation of DfSB intervention concepts, one of which was selected and developed to a functional prototype stage. These prototypes were trialled in situ in family homes for an extended period, and achieved a significant change in behaviour and related energy consumption. Further evaluation of the BISA as a tool to guide designers was performed through a series of workshops with design students, which ascertained its usefulness in this respect. Both the intervention development and trialling and the design workshops showed the conceptual model and BISA to be successful in providing designers with a reliable and useful means of selecting appropriate intervention strategies to change behaviour. In addition the intervention trial provided a wealth of qualitative insight into the way in which DfSB can effect behaviour, and the range of new motivational goals it can engender.
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Mayor, S. Luis Iván. „The change in addictive behaviors“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100295.
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Mental health professionals could be interested in finding how inappropriate behavior could be modified, especially when there are people that changes without treatment. This article explains how people change with a transteorical model of stages and processes. Psychological research shows that there are five stages in behavior modification: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Besides, subjects have common processes in every stage.Concita el interés de los profesionales de la salud mental el descubrir cómo se modifican los comportamientos desadaptativos, más aún existiendo gente que cambia sin tratamiento. Este artículo explica, a partir de un modelo transteórico de etapas y procesos, cómo cambia la gente. Las investigaciones, cada vez más, corroboran que en la modificación de los comportamientos existen 5 etapas: precontemplación, contemplación, preparación, acción y mantenimiento. Además los sujetos siguen procesos comunes en cada una de estas etapas.
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Bertelsmeier, Cleo. „Biologie des invasions de fourmis dans un contexte de changement climatique“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112358/document.
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Le changement climatique et les invasions biologiques sont parmi les plus grandes menaces de la biodiversité et leurs impacts pourraient augmenter jusqu’à la fin du siècle. Parmi les espèces envahissantes, les fourmis sont un groupe particulièrement néfaste dû à leurs impacts sur les espèces natives, les processus écosystémique, la santé, l’agriculture et l’économie. L’objectif de cette thèse était de prédire les invasions de fourmis – en particulier avec le changement climatique qui pourrait favoriser les invasions en éliminant des barrières thermiques. J’ai utilisé trois approches complémentaires afin d’étudier le potentiel de différentes espèces à envahir : des modèles de distribution, des expériences comportementales et l’analyses d’une base de données de traits écologiques. J’ai modélisé l’aire favorable pour 15 espèces de fourmis parmi les pires, à la fois globalement, par continents, et dans les 34 hotspots de biodiversité. La distribution potentielle de seulement cinq espèce est prédite de diminuer (jusqu’à 35.8%) avec le changement climatique et l’aire potentielle diminue pour la plupart des espèces jusqu’à 63.2%. Les hotspots d’invasions de fourmis se situaient surtout dans des régions tropicales et subtropicales et ils correspondent particulièrement aux hotspots de biodiversité. Contrairement à ce qui est généralement admis, le changement climatique et les invasions biologiques n’agiront pas de manière synergique pour les fourmis. Par contre, les invasions de fourmis resteront probablement un problème global majeur, en particuliers dans les zones où les hotspots de biodiversité et les hotspots d’invasion se superposent. Les modèles de distribution ont identifié de larges zones de recouvrement entre aires favorables de plusieurs espèces de fourmis envahissantes. Dans le futur, ces espèces pourraient arriver simultanément dans les mêmes régions et entrer en compétition. Dans une série d’expériences, j’ai testé les différences comportementales entre 7 espèces de fourmis envahissantes (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Myrmica rubra, Linepithema humile, Lasius neglectus, Wasmannia auropunctata et Pheidole megacephala). J’ai découvert deux stratégies comportementales différentes. Les interactions au niveau de la colonie ont suivi des processus démographiques plus complexes. De plus, j’ai mis au point deux expériences pour tester la capacité des fourmis envahissantes à explorer un nouvel espace et à exploiter des ressources. J’ai trouvé des différences significatives entre espèces et leur capacité à dominer par interférence comportementale était négativement corrélée à leurs capacités à découvrir et exploiter des ressources. Cette série d’expériences suggère que les ‘mécanismes’ d’invasion sont plus complexes que ce qui est généralement suggéré et que différentes espèces pourraient utiliser des stratégies comportementales différentes. Étant donné qu’il existe plus de 250 espèces de fourmis exotiques, il serait intéressant de pouvoir identifier à l’avance des futurs envahisseurs potentiels. Afin d’identifier des traits associés au caractère envahissant des fourmis, j’ai mis en place une base de données qui contient 2193 espèces de fourmis et 24 traits écologiques. J’ai effectué une analyse préliminaire de différences de traits entre fourmis natives et envahissantes qui a montré qu’il existe clairement des groupement distincts de natives et envahissantes, avec les espèces exotiques au milieu. Ces résultats pourraient servir de base pour construire un modèle prédictif des invasions de fourmis. Ces différentes approches (modèles, expériences, base de données) sont complémentaires car elles s’intéressent à des aspects différents du futur des invasions de fourmis qui sera vraisemblablement fortement influencé par le changement climatique. Le pires envahisseurs de demain ne seront probablement pas les même qu’aujourd’hui et les zones les plus à risque pourraient changer égalementClimate change and biological invasions are both among the greatest threats to biodiversity and their impacts might increase by the end of the century. Among invasive species, ants are a prominent group due to their negative impacts on native species, ecosystem processes, human and animal health, agro-ecosystems and the economy. The objective of this thesis was to forecast future ant invasions – especially in the light of on-going climate change, which is generally thought to favour invasive species by removing thermal barriers. I used three complementary approaches to study the potential of different ant species to invade in the future: species distribution modelling, behavioural experiments and the analysis of a database of ecological traits. I modelled suitable area for 15 of the worst invasive ant species, both currently and with predicted climate change, globally, regionally and within the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots. Surprisingly, the potential distribution of only five species was predicted to increase (up to 35.8%) with climate change, with most declining by up to 63.3%. The ant invasion hotspots are predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Asia and Oceanic islands, and particularly correspond with biodiversity hotspots. Contrary to general expectations, climate change and biological invasions will not systematically act synergistically for ants. In addition, I found that the impacts of climate change can change over time and even reverse the trend of the impact (i.e., an increase instead of a decrease or vice versa). However, ant invasions will likely remain as a major global problem, especially where invasion hotspots coincide with biodiversity hotspots. The species distribution models have identified large potentially overlapping distributions of several invasive ants. In the future, these species may arrive simultaneously in the same regions and compete with each other. In a series of experiments, I tested behavioural differences among 7 highly invasive ant species (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Myrmica rubra, Linepithema humile, Lasius neglectus, Wasmannia auropunctata and Pheidole megacephala). I discovered two different behavioural strategies among invasive ants. Interactions at the colony level, exhibited more complex demographic processes and more variability. Further, I investigated resource competition and differences in resource exploitation. I found significant differences among species, with competitive abilities that were negatively correlated with behavioural dominance. This series of experiments suggests that the ‘mechanisms’ of invasiveness are more complex than previously thought and that different invasive ant species may use different behavioural strategies. Since there are more than 250 exotic species of ants, it would be interesting to identify potential future invaders. In order to identify traits associated with invasiveness in ants, I set up a database with 2193 ant species and 24 ecological characteristics. I performed a preliminary analysis of trait differences between native and invasive ants that shows clearly different clusters of invasive and native species, with exotic species in between. These results could be used as a basis to construct a predictive model of future ant invasions. The different methods used (models, experiments, database) are complementary in that they explore different aspects of the future ant invasions which are likely to be influenced by on-going climate change. The worst invaders of tomorrow may not be the same as today and similarly, areas most at risk are likely to change
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Cannon, Danielle. „Understanding COPD Patients' Barriers to Behavioural and Lifestyle Changes Using a Resilience, Readiness to Change, and Self-Management Model“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/376789.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventative degenerative illness of the lungs characterised by persistent airflow limitation. Currently chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with predictions that it will increase to become the third leading cause of death by 2030. Australian treatment recommendations, based upon the global treatment strategy, suggest a five-step plan for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to manage their disease and its disturbances. Within these recommendations is a set of behavioural and lifestyle changes that includes adopting a self-management approach, undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation, and adhering to medication regimens. Unfortunately, research has identified that adherence to these behavioural and lifestyle changes is low, which can impact upon chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ health outcomes and quality of life.
Studies on the barriers for adherence to these recommendations have found a diverse range of reasons that patients report for not undertaking or continuing with these behavioural and lifestyle changes. These barriers include not feeling ready, poor self-efficacy, and lack of support. Although various psychological, physiological, and social factors have been identified, these barriers are yet to be quantitatively examined. This thesis aimed to examine Australian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ barriers to behavioural and lifestyle changes via a resilience, readiness to change, and self-management model. The studies investigated: (1) the effect of self-management programs on chronic obstructive disease patients’ health-related quality of life via a meta-analysis; (2) the relationships between chronic obstructive disease patients’ levels of resilience and their health-related quality of life; (3) the association between patients’ levels of resilience and their adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation programs; (4) the relationships between chronic obstructive disease patients’ levels of resilience and readiness to change and their adherence to medication regimens; (5) the validity and reliability of the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire on Australian chronic obstructive disease patients.
One hundred and fifty-nine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were recruited from the Gold Coast University and Robina hospitals, and through education seminars with the Lung Foundation Australia held in Brisbane, and Gold Coast community health centres (Helensvale and Robina). These participants completed a questionnaire enquiring into their individual and contextual resilience, readiness to change, health-related quality of life, and various demographic variables. Resilience was examined via three measures: a disease specific grief questionnaire (Acceptance of Disease and Impairments questionnaire) which analysed defensive coping and disease specific self-esteem; the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale; and the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Benefits and Consequences Scale (professional support; developed for this study). Patients’ readiness to change was assessed via a modified version of the Readiness to Change questionnaire (originally devised in relation to alcohol consumption). Health-related quality of life was measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. All measures were refactored, validated, and assessed for reliability in this study. Associations between the variables were examined via bivariate and decision tree analyses.
The results identified that: (1) self-management interventions significantly improved chronic obstructive disease patients’ health-related quality of life, especially when disease specific education, exercise information, and an exacerbation action plan were included in the program; (2) all individual and contextual resilience factors were important for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ health-related quality of life (breathlessness, symptoms, and cough domains); (3) chronic obstructive disease patients’ levels of resilience (self-efficacy, self-esteem, decision making, coping, defensive coping, relationships, and professional support) were important for their referral to and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation programs; (4) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ trust, coping, self-esteem, decision making abilities, level of support and readiness to change were important for their adherence to medications; (5) the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, once refactored, was a valid and reliable measure for Australian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Combined, the results of this thesis identify that low levels of individual and contextual resilience, and poor readiness to change are barriers to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ adherence to behavioural and lifestyle changes. It was also identified that undertaking a self-management approach can improve patients’ health-related quality of life, and that health-related quality of life is important for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ resilience. In all, it was found that a patient’s relationships and their sense of self, in particular their self-esteem and self-efficacy, were highly important for their adherence to these behavioural and lifestyle changes.
Thus, this thesis has established that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ individual and contextual resilience factors were related to their health-related quality of life and pulmonary rehabilitation referral and completion. Further to this, it was identified that patients’ medication adherence was associated with their resilience and readiness to change. Given that these relationships have been identified, strategies need to be implemented in clinical settings to provide chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with additional support that focuses on increasing patient empowerment and collaboration within the patient—clinician relationship. Finally, these research topics need to be undertaken in an experimental context so that causal relationships can be identified between resilience, readiness to change, and the behavioural and lifestyle changes that are recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Weck, Saskia. „A Conceptual Model of Behavior Change Progress for the Application within Coaching Systems to Support Sustainable Lifestyle Changes“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186950.
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Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are increasing worldwide due to unhealthy lifestyle habits. Behavior change support systems (BCSS) are a new means of promoting a sustainable lifestyle change. These systems are more effective when behavior change theories are applied. The aim of this thesis to integrate well-known behavior change theories into a conceptual model of behavior change progress to form the basis for the BCSS. The research question of this thesis is: what parameters of behavior change should be included in a conceptual model of behavior change progress? The model was created by integrating concepts and their relationships from existing behavior change theories. Next, the model was the validated by experts in behavior change. The outcome is a conceptual framework that can be function as a tool for understanding causal relationship between behavior change concepts, for presenting feedback, and building automated assessments. Furthermore, the model extends already existing knowledge networks.På grund av allmänhetens ohälsosamma vanor ökar Diabetes och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar i hela världen. Olika stödsystem för beteendeförändringar (BCSS) är ett nytt sätt att främja en hållbar livsstilsförändring. Dessa system är mer effektiva då beteendeförändringsteorier tillämpas. Syftet med denna avhandling är att integrera välkända teorier om beteendeförändring i en konceptuell modell av beteendeförändringsframsteg som kan ligga till grund för BCSS. Forskningsfrågan i denna avhandling är: Vilka parametrar för beteendeförändring ska ingå i en konceptuell modell för beteendeförändringsframsteg? Modellen skapades genom att integrera koncept och deras relationer från befintliga teorier om beteendeförändring. Resultatet är ett konceptuellt ramverk som kan fungera som ett verktyg för att förstå orsakssambandet mellan beteendeförändringsbegrepp, för att presentera feedback och för att bygga automatiserade bedömningar. Dessutom utökar modellen redan befintliga kunskapsnätverk.
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Weidlich, Matthias, Jan Mendling und Mathias Weske. „Propagating Changes between Aligned Process Models“. Elsevier, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3497/1/JSS12%2Dchange.pdf.
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There is a wide variety of drivers for business process modelling initiatives, reaching from organisational redesign to the development of information systems. Consequently, a common business process is often captured in multiple models that overlap in content due to serving different purposes. Business process management aims at exible adaptation to changing business needs. Hence, changes of business processes occur frequently and have to be incorporated in the respective process models. Once a process model is changed, related process models have to be updated accordingly, despite the fact that those process models may only be loosely coupled. In this article, we introduce an approach that supports change propagation between related process models. Given a change in one process model, we leverage the behavioural
abstraction of behavioural profiles for corresponding activities in order to determine a change region in another model. Our approach is able to cope with changes in pairs of models that are not related by hierarchical refinement and show behavioural inconsistencies. We evaluate the applicability of our approach with two real-world process model collections. To this end, we either deduce change operations from different model revisions or rely on synthetic change operations.
Bücher zum Thema "Behaviour change models"
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1941-, Fuchs Jürgen, Hrsg. Das Biokybernetische Modell: Unternehmen als Organismen. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 1992.
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Huang, Kevin X. D. Why does the cyclical behavior of real wages change over time? Kansas City [Mo.]: Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2002.
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Oster, Emily. HIV and sexual behavior change: Why not Africa? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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L, Albrecht Gary, Hrsg. Advances in medical sociology: A research annual. : a reconsideration of health behavior change models. Greenwich, Conn: Jai Press, 1994.
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Paula, Nurius, und Osborn Cynthia J, Hrsg. Interviewing and change strategies for helpers. 7. Aufl. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2013.
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Contini, Bruno. Econometric explorations on bounded rationality: The case of job changing behavior. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.
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Asiimwe, Delius. A review of behavioural change models in the context of HIV/AIDS in Uganda. [Kampala?: s.n., 2002.
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Oxfam und We Can South Asia Regional Secretariat, Hrsg. We can: A model of behavioural change concerning violence against women : Bangladesh report. Dhaka: Amrai Pari Paribarik Nirjaton Protirodh Jot, 2013.
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Reznik, Semen. Organizational behavior. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1089957.
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The textbook discusses the processes of managing the labor behavior of personnel in a modern organization. Special attention is paid to the qualities and competencies of the Manager, organizational and administrative and socio-psychological methods of management, relationships with subordinates and managers, delegation of authority, conflict management, formation of the Manager's team, leadership, change management and reputation of the organization. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the areas of training "personnel Management", "Economics", "Management".
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Smitasiri, Suttilak, und Mahāwitthayālai Mahidon. Sathāban Wičhai Phōtčhanākān., Hrsg. Social marketing Vitamin A-rich foods in Thailand: A model nutrition communication for behavior change process. 2. Aufl. Nakhon Pathom, Thailand: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 1993.
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Niedderer, Kristina, Stephen Clune und Geke Ludden. „Introducing models, methods and tools for design for behaviour change“. In Design for Behaviour Change, 19–25. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Design for social responsibility ; 11: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315576602-3.
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Henriques, Maria Adriana, und David de Sousa Loura. „Concepts and Theories in Behaviour Change to Support Chronic Disease Self-Management“. In A Practical Guide on Behaviour Change Support for Self-Managing Chronic Disease, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20010-6_2.
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AbstractThis chapter presents key concepts and theories relevant to the self-management of chronic disease. It starts by defining health behaviours and establishes the distinction between health behaviours and determinants of behaviours. Next, we present a brief description of key behaviour change theories and models relevant to the self-management of chronic disease. The COM-B model of behaviour change is then detailed, with an illustration of how it applies to sustained health behaviour changes in the context of self-management of chronic disease.
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Carroll, Grace A., Jenny M. Groarke und Lisa Graham-Wisener. „Human behaviour change models for improving animal welfare.“ In Bridging research disciplines to advance animal welfare science: a practical guide, 91–106. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247893.0006.
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Abstract In this chapter, three key frameworks will be outlined, as well as how they fit together. This will allow animal welfare scientists to develop human behaviour change plans from start to finish. These three frameworks are (i) the theoretical domains framework (TDF; Michie et al., 2005); (ii) the behaviour change wheel (BCW; Michie et al., 2011, 2014); and (iii) the behaviour change technique taxonomy (BCTT; Michie et al., 2013). Each framework is described, and guidance is provided for applying these models to design effective human behaviour change interventions. Common pitfalls are outlined, and animal welfare examples are provided throughout to aid understanding.
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Carroll, Grace A., Jenny M. Groarke und Lisa Graham-Wisener. „Human Behaviour Change Models for Improving Animal Welfare“. In Bridging Research Disciplines to Advance Animal Welfare Science: A Practical Guide, 91–106. GB: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247886.0006.
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Telford, Sam. „Human behaviour trumps entomological risk.“ In Climate, ticks and disease, 276–82. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0040.
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Abstract This expert opinion argues that human aspects of risk are poorly studied and need to be considered in any discussion of the role of global climate change on risk for vector-borne infections, particularly for those transmitted by ticks. It also covers the many models that are used predict the future distribution of Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections in the USA and elsewhere, based on anticipated changes in weather.
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McNeill, Desmond. „Can Economics Help to Understand, and Change, Consumption Behaviour?“ In Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life, 317–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11069-6_12.
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AbstractThis chapter assesses the contribution that economics can make to help us understand consumer behaviour and, if necessary, to try and change it. Economic theory of consumer behaviour is sophisticated and rigorous, but very limited. It excludes from consideration many of the factors which are well-recognised by other social sciences as being important. These limitations stem largely from the standard model of homo economicus. Economists are not unaware of this problem, but it is difficult to resolve it: to establish models that are tractable—for example incorporating the idea of interdependent preferences. But even simple economic theory, in which income and price are the main explanatory factors of consumer behaviour, provides the basis for potentially very effective policy instruments. If incomes fall, consumption is indeed reduced; and taxes and subsidies can substantially alter consumer behaviour. The problem is that such instruments are politically very unpopular.
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Burattin, Andrea, Hugo A. López und Lasse Starklit. „Uncovering Change: A Streaming Approach for Declarative Processes“. In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 158–70. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27815-0_12.
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AbstractProcess discovery is a family of techniques that helps to comprehend processes from their data footprints. Yet, as processes change over time so should their corresponding models, and failure to do so will lead to models that under- or over-approximate behaviour. We present a discovery algorithm that extracts declarative processes as Dynamic Condition Response (DCR) graphs from event streams. Streams are monitored to generate temporal representations of the process, later processed to create declarative models. We validated the technique by identifying drifts in a publicly available dataset of event streams. The metrics extend the Jaccard similarity measure to account for process change in a declarative setting. The technique and the data used for testing are available online.
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Kreibich, Heidi, und Nivedita Sairam. „Dynamic Flood Risk Modelling in Human–Flood Systems“. In Springer Climate, 95–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_12.
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AbstractEffective flood risk management is highly relevant for advancing climate change adaptation. It needs to be based on risk modelling that considers the dynamics, complex interactions and feedbacks in human–flood systems. In this regard, we review recent advancements in understanding, quantifying and modelling changes in risk and its drivers. A challenge for integrating human behaviour in dynamic risk assessments and modelling is the combined consideration of qualitative and quantitative data. Advancements in this respect are (1) the compilation and analysis of comprehensive qualitative and quantitative data on flood risk changes in case studies following the paired event concept; (2) the integration of qualitative and quantitative data into socio-hydrological models using Bayesian inference; and (3) the coupling of hydrological flood risk models with behaviour models in socio-hydrological modelling systems. We recommend to further develop these approaches and use more such process-based, dynamic modelling also for large-scale flood risk analyses. These approaches are increasingly feasible due to significant improvements in computational power and data science.
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Reutzsch, Jonathan, Verena Kunberger, Martin Reitzle, Stefano Ruberto und Bernhard Weigand. „Investigation of the Behaviour of Supercooled Droplets Concerning Evaporation, Sublimation and Freezing Under Different Boundary Conditions“. In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 149–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_8.
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AbstractPhase change processes of supercooled droplets at different boundary conditions are presented. This study is a summary of the current developments within subproject B1 of the SFB-TRR 75 with the focus on evaporation, sublimation, and freezing of supercooled droplets. To this end, new numerical methods to describe the phase transition were developed and novel strategies dealing with the challenges of droplets under extreme conditions are presented. The numerical solution procedure of all phase changes are summarized in a compact way within this work. In order to validate the numerical models, experiments were conducted. For this, new experimental setups and approaches were developed. These comprise a test chamber for optical levitation of supercooled droplets, which is able to trap a droplet by means of a laser beam at subzero temperatures and variable ambient humidity. Comparisons of the numerical simulations and the conducted experiments are presented for several phase change processes. The results are in very good agreement and proof the capability of the methods.
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Cross, Ruth, und Ivy O'Neil. „Health communication.“ In Health promotion: global principles and practice, 106–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245332.0106.
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Abstract This book chapter seeks to: (i) consider models of communication and assess their relevance to health communication; (ii) suggest that health promotion must adopt participatory means of communication; (iii) critique top-down 'banking' approaches to communication and education; (iv) discuss the implications of digital technology development on health communication; (v) assert the importance of health education and consider the idea of health literacy; (vi) explore and critique social marketing; and (vii) explore and critique psychological models of behaviour change.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Behaviour change models"
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Rago, Antonio, und Maria Vanina Martinez. „Advancing Interactive Explainable AI via Belief Change Theory“. In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}, 931–37. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/87.
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As AI models become ever more complex and intertwined in humans’ daily lives, greater levels of interactivity of explainable AI (XAI) methods are needed. In this paper, we propose the use of belief change theory as a formal foundation for operators that model the incorporation of new information, i.e. user feedback in interactive XAI, to logical representations of data-driven classifiers. We argue that this type of formalisation provides a framework and a methodology to develop interactive explanations in a principled manner, providing warranted behaviour and favouring transparency and accountability of such interactions. Concretely, we first define a novel, logic-based formalism to represent explanatory information shared between humans and machines. We then consider real world scenarios for interactive XAI, with different prioritisations of new and existing knowledge, where our formalism may be instantiated. Finally, we analyse a core set of belief change postulates, discussing their suitability for our real world settings and pointing to particular challenges that may require the relaxation or reinterpretation of some of the theoretical assumptions underlying existing operators.
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Cheng, Jiabei, Zhen-Qun Yang, Jiannong Cao, Yu Yang, Kai Cheung Franky Poon und Daniel Lai. „Modeling Behavior Change for Multi-model At-Risk Students Early Prediction“. In 2024 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET), 54–58. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iset61814.2024.00020.
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-ul-Ain, Farhat, Darina Akhmetzyanova, Igor Matias und Vladimir Tomberg. „Behaviour Models-Enriched User Personas for Digital Behaviour Change Interventions“. In PETRA '24: The PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3652037.3652069.
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Kazmi, Syeda Asiya Zenab, und Marja Naarananoja. „Comparative approaches of key change management models – a fine assortment to pick from as per situational needs!“ In 3rd Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour (BizStrategy 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_bizstrategy13.41.
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Stankevicius, Evaldas, und Kristina Kundeliene. „Theoretical Approach to Taxpayers’ Segmentation“. In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.067.
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Current taxpayers’ segmentation is relatively limited and static. The existing segmentation problem, which is related to the taxpayers ‘behaviour, requires modern segmentation-analysis methods and models, which would evaluate the change of economic and psychographic taxpayers‘indicators. Purpose of the study: to provide conceptual taxpayers’ segmentation model, which allows to classify and analyse them according to the taxpayers’ behaviour and known legal facts. Research is based on analytical approach, there were invoked a systemic, logical and comparative analysis of scientific literature. Findings: the knowledge about the specific behaviour of the taxpayers‘ segment groups (tax compliance/ enforced tax obligations) would enable us to determine the main impacting factors. Better comprehension of the taxpayers‘ and their executives (decision-makers) behaviour would allow to enhance administrative institutions' abilities in analytics and to determine the unknown yet connections and phenomenons between separate taxpayers in the context of effectual law basis. Clearer taxpayers‘ identification by segment groups and behaviour risk factors, which are specific to separate groups, will enable faster determination of outliers as well as newly forming potential risks. Dynamic changes between separate groups or in them will form preconditions for timely implemention of taxpayers‘ monitoring and control tools for reaching a positive change in the behaviour of taxpayers.
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Ardaneh, Fatemeh, Eero Immonen, Ashvinkumar Chaudhari, Jani Pelkonen und Santeri Knuutinen. „Analysis of viscosity behaviour of shear-thinning hydrogels in 3d-printing nozzles“. In 38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2024-0359.
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Hydrogels with shear-thinning properties are being investigated for use in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D bioprinting. For 3D bioprinting, it is very important not to change materials such as the survival of cells during the printing process. This study aims to determine the best model for predicting viscosity using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and further investigate the relationship between material properties and nozzle geometrical parameters to optimize 3D printing processes. Three types of Alginate gels with different shear-thinning behaviour are considered and their viscosity is modeled by: Power Law, Herschel–Bulkley, and Bird-Carreau models. The most accurate model is used in the further CFD simulations of these materials through two different types of 3D printing nozzles: 18G and 22G. The results showed how shear stress is influenced by the viscosity properties. Moreover, the effect of shear-thinning properties on the printability of materials is discussed.
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Stephens, Christopher, Dagmara Wrzecionkowska, Estefanía Espitia-Bautista, Roland Díaz-Loving und Gabriela Contreras. „The Conductome – A New Paradigm for Understanding Human Behaviour“. In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/lgnw9526.
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As almost every major problem that humankind faces is a consequence of human behaviour, predicting behaviour and behaviour change is fundamental. Given the multitude of factors that affect our decision making, a transdisciplinary understanding of behaviour is impossible without the integration of data that crosses disciplinary boundaries. The concept of Conduct-“ome” is an analog of those holistic –“omic”-approaches found in the biological sciences which take a “totality of factors” approach, and provides a framework for studying human behaviour in a multifactorial, multidisciplinary context, accounting for a wealth of potential causes of behaviour, from the genetic and epigenetic to psychological, neurological, social, physiological, clinical, socio-economic, socio-demographic, socio-political and ethical factors. Conductome, as opposed to behaviour-ome, is used, as it directly addresses the “whys” (causes) of the considered behaviour. We argue that behaviour can only be understood probabilistically, through a process of statistical inference that constructs P(A|X), the probability for a conduct A conditioned on the large set of factors, X, that predict it. This inference process can be based on an “external” ensemble of objective, countable events, using a frequentist interpretation of probabilities, or on an “internal” ensemble, implicit in our mental models and based on a Bayesian interpretation. Including both these approaches allows one to compare objective, observable reality with the subjective perception of reality constructed within a mental model, allowing for the identification of discrepancies between the two in the form of cognitive biases. A key component for constructing the Conductome is the obtention of data that transcends disciplines that can be used to link a range of relevant behaviours as internal and external effects to their causes. A second component is the use of advanced modelling tools, such as machine learning, for the analysis of such multi-scale data and the construction of explicit prediction models for a given conduct. In this article, the feasibility of the Conductome approach is illustrated by considering obesity-related behaviours; as obesity has become one of the key social problems that affects a growing segment of the population worldwide. In summary: The objective is to understand, interpret and provide an interdisciplinary, computational, and data-based framework for generating prediction models for addressing problems that originate in human behaviour.
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„Demographic Development of Omsk Oblast in the Context of the Pandemic“. In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-2-5.
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A study raises issues of the influence of quarantine restrictions and pandemic on the regional socio-demographic development. Even though the consequences of COVID-19 will become fully evident only at the end of 2021, this pandemic is already negatively affecting fertility and fertility behaviour. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in 2020, the demographic situation was unfavourable: the number of births decreased in 78 constituent entities, and the number of deaths increased in 62 regions. Simultaneously, in the whole country, there were almost 1.5 times more deaths than births (last year, this difference was 1.2 times). Migration in an increasingly globalised world has triggered the accelerated spread of the disease. Therefore, border closures and quarantine measures (classic methods of combating epidemics and pandemics) for regions at high risk of infection drastically reduce the scale of population movement, change traditional migration directions, and create significant problems for migrants. Thus, this study aims to identify and substantiate risk factors to reduce the destabilisation of the regional socio-demographic development and form a sustainable regional policy.
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Ramgulam, Rajcoomar, und Prasad Potluri. „Tensile Load Deformation Behaviour of Woven Fabrics“. In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61589.
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This paper is concerned with the mechanics of woven fabrics under tensile loading. The yarns are treated as elastica. The yarns bent into shape for both warp and weft are assumed to be elastic, homogenous, and weightless. During deformation the yarns are subjected to bending, extension and transverse compression. The initial geometry of the yarns in the fabric, under no external loading, is first obtained using a force-equilibrium method based on Love’s ordinary approximate theory, a generalisation of the Bernoulli-Euler theory of elastic rods. A non-linear boundary-value problem with a system of five differential equations has been formulated and solved. Application of load will further change the shape of the bent yarns due to bending and stretching. For a yarn with given initial geometry, as obtained by the force-equilibrium method, the solution of the deformed configuration is obtained from the solution of two nonlinear differential equations using appropriate boundary conditions. The formulation of the latter problem is based on the energy method. The sum of the energy terms due to bending, stretching together with the potential energy due to the applied load provides an expression for the total energy of the system. The variation of the total energy in terms of the variations of two parameters is then obtained, using the techniques from calculus of variations. One parameter described the deviation of the bent yarn from a straight line while the other is the length as measured along the yarn axis. This leads to a set of differential equations that fully describe the deformed yarns. The models, initially developed for plain weave, are being currently extended to non-plain weaves and 3D woven fabrics.
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Tabacchi, Luca, M. C. Natori und Hiroshi Hirikado. „Vibration of a Flexible Solar Array Caused by the Change of Thermal Input in Orbit“. In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0720.
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Abstract Behaviour of large flexible space structures (antennas, solar arrays, frames of space stations, etc.) is strongly influenced by thermal loads in orbit. Thermally induced forces can affect flexible space structures in several ways: thermal buckling and thermally induced vibrations due to relatively rapid heating are two typical phenomena. In orbit attitude disturbances of an actual spacecraft are presented as a remarkable example of such phenomena. Analytical models are developed and numerical simulations performed in order to demonstrate that the vibration of the spacecraft flexible solar arrays is the most likely disturbance source. The results are shown to be in agreement with flight data and laboratory tests.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Behaviour change models"
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Bartlem, Kate, Caitlin Fehily, Olivia Wynne, Lauren Gibson, Simone Lodge, Tara Clinton-McHarg, Julia Dray, Jenny Bowman, Luke Wolfenden und John Wiggers. Initiatives to improve physical health for people in community-based mental health programs. The Sax Institute, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/conj2912.
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This Evidence Check commissioned by NSW Ministry of Health aimed to evaluate delivery of physical health interventions for people living with a mental illness, delivered though community mental health programs. The review found that sufficient evidence exists to support a number of interventions, with further evaluation; and identified and describes key characteristics for effectiveness such as duration of the intervention and mode of delivery (e.g. face-to-face or telephone, group or individual). The supported interventions and/or actions included: multi-strategy lifestyle behaviour change interventions; care delivery models including peer-led self-management and staff delivered interventions; integration of new physical health care models or initiatives; referral to other services (e.g. telephone Quitline); assessing barriers and enablers prior to implementation; and the involvement of peer workers and consumers in design and delivery.
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Fletcher, Justine, Sanne Oostermeijer, Bridget Hamilton, Lisa Brophy, Catherine Minshall, Carol Harvey, Christine Migliorini et al. Models of care and practice for the inpatient management of highly acute mental illness and acute severe behavioural disturbance: an Evidence Check rapid review. The Sax Institute, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/lppe2712.
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Highly acute mental illness and acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) are two of the most challenging problems faced by Mental Health Intensive Care Units (MHICU). ASBD is defined as behaviour that places the patient or others at imminent risk of injury or death. It includes extreme distress, aggression, and serious self-harm, in the context of mental illness. This Evidence Check assessed the literature on models of care and treatment strategies for these conditions, aiming to refine the model used in MHICU in NSW. It attempted to find the most effective models of care for high acuity and ASBD—and the barriers and enablers to implementing them. A total of 58 relevant papers were found, spanning 2015 to 2020. They were rated on a hierarchy of evidence designed for models of care and interventions in complex settings. Two models of care, ‘Safewards’ and ‘Improving the therapeutic milieu of the wards’, were rated as best practice. These were followed by five models of care, themes and groups of treatments at middle levels of the hierarchy, and nine themes and treatment practices at the lowest level. There were several features common to numerous papers in the review: therapeutic engagement, meaningful activities, safe spaces, and welcoming spaces. Barriers and enablers to implementation were generally not addressed specifically. However, themes emerging from the papers showed several enabling factors: training, buy-in from stakeholders at all levels of the organisation, and assessment of progress. Barriers to implementation included lack of support from management and lack of engagement from frontline staff. Complex, multilevel practice change interventions appear necessary for effective implementation.
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Kayo, Genku, und Nobue Suzuki. Measurement of air change behaviour at Finnish apartment rooms. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541579038.
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While the expectation for natural ventilation is increasing under the context of COVID-19, fresh air at residential houses in Finland is basically guaranteed by mechanical ventilation systems. It means that natural ventilation is not considered as an available potential of ventilation in Finnish building regulation. Even if the mechanical ventilation system handles the air quality, the natural ventilation by window opening is expected to be a supportive measure. However, there is not enough measured data about how much air change is fulfilled by window opening. The article describes the evaluation of fresh air accessibility by window openings at six Finnish apartments. To understand the behaviour of air change, CO2 mass balance equation model was applied. The results of summer season clarified that the actual number of air changes are 085 to 1.54 times per hour with one-side opening. The CO2 mass balance model for apartments, which is a kind of tracer gas decay method, is an effective way to estimate the actual number of air changes without preventing occupants’ daily living. Since some buildings, such as residential, school, churches, are affected by the moisture problems, the management of moisture behaviour by both natural and mechanical ventilation is essential.
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Brenan, J. M., K. Woods, J. E. Mungall und R. Weston. Origin of chromitites in the Esker Intrusive Complex, Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite, as revealed by chromite trace element chemistry and simple crystallization models. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328981.
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To better constrain the origin of the chromitites associated with the Esker Intrusive Complex (EIC) of the Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite (RoFIS), a total of 50 chromite-bearing samples from the Black Thor, Big Daddy, Blackbird, and Black Label chromite deposits have been analysed for major and trace elements. The samples represent three textural groups, as defined by the relative abundance of cumulate silicate phases and chromite. To provide deposit-specific partition coefficients for modeling, we also report on the results of laboratory experiments to measure olivine- and chromite-melt partitioning of V and Ga, which are two elements readily detectable in the chromites analysed. Comparison of the Cr/Cr+Al and Fe/Fe+Mg of the EIC chromites and compositions from previous experimental studies indicates overlap in Cr/Cr+Al between the natural samples and experiments done at >1400oC, but significant offset of the natural samples to higher Fe/Fe+Mg. This is interpreted to be the result of subsolidus Fe-Mg exchange between chromite and the silicate matrix. However, little change in Cr/Cr+Al from magmatic values, owing to the lack of an exchangeable reservoir for these elements. A comparison of the composition of the EIC chromites and a subset of samples from other tectonic settings reveals a strong similarity to chromites from the similarly-aged Munro Township komatiites. Partition coefficients for V and Ga are consistent with past results in that both elements are compatible in chromite (DV = 2-4; DGa ~ 3), and incompatible in olivine (DV = 0.01-0.14; DGa ~ 0.02), with values for V increasing with decreasing fO2. Simple fractional crystallization models that use these partition coefficients are developed that monitor the change in element behaviour based on the relative proportions of olivine to chromite in the crystallizing assemblage; from 'normal' cotectic proportions involving predominantly olivine, to chromite-only crystallization. Comparison of models to the natural chromite V-Ga array suggests that the overall positive correlation between these two elements is consistent with chromite formed from a Munro Township-like komatiitic magma crystallizing olivine and chromite in 'normal' cotectic proportions, with no evidence of the strong depletion in these elements expected for chromite-only crystallization. The V-Ga array can be explained if the initial magma responsible for chromite formation is slightly reduced with respect to the FMQ oxygen buffer (~FMQ- 0.5), and has assimilated up to ~20% of wall-rock banded iron formation or granodiorite. Despite the evidence for contamination, results indicate that the EIC chromitites crystallized from 'normal' cotectic proportions of olivine to chromite, and therefore no specific causative link is made between contamination and chromitite formation. Instead, the development of near- monomineralic chromite layers likely involves the preferential removal of olivine relative to chromite by physical segregation during magma flow. As suggested for some other chromitite-forming systems, the specific fluid dynamic regime during magma emplacement may therefore be responsible for crystal sorting and chromite accumulation.
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Gohin, Alex, und Thomas Hertel. A Note on the CES Functional Form and Its Use in the GTAP Model. GTAP Research Memoranda, Oktober 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm02.
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The purpose of this note is to provide an exhaustive reference for those interested in learning more about the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function and its use in the representation of producer behavior in the GTAP model. Particular attention is paid to the role of technical change variables and their effect on cost minimizing demands and input shares. This note is divided into three sections. In the first section, the basic cost minimization problem is laid out and conditional factor demands, as well as the unit cost function, are derived. In section two, this system of equations is expressed in terms of proportional changes, as currently specified in GTAP. This greatly facilitates decomposition of predicted changes in demands and costs between three effects, namely expansion, substitution, and technical change effects. Section two also shows the relationship between changes in cost shares and changes in prices and factor-biased technical change variables. Finally, section three relates these derivations to the notation employed in GTAP.
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Timmons, Shane, Ylva Andersson, Maria Lee und Pete Lunn. What is preventing individual climate action? Impact awareness and perceived difficulties in changing transport and food behaviour. ESRI, Mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs186.
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Mitigating climate change requires large and, by historical standards, rapid changes to policy, business processes and individual behaviour. This report examines awareness of and perceived difficulty with individual behaviour change with respect to two actions associated with high levels of emissions: transport and food choice. A nationally representative sample of 1,200 adults completed an online study about everyday transport and food behaviour, run in September 2023. After completing a diary task about the previous day, participants identified the parts of their day that mattered most for their carbon footprint. Answers were elicited via incentivised, open text questions to prevent pre-set options biasing responses. Participants also answered standard survey questions about their use of various modes of transport in a typical week and their consumption of various foods. Participants who reported wanting to change their transport behaviour and diet ‘to reduce their carbon footprint’ (47 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively) listed reasons why it is difficult for them to do so, again via open text questions.
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Weller, Joshua, Gulbanu Kaptan, Rajinder Bhandal und Darren Battachery. Kitchen Life 2. Food Standards Agency, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wom249.
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The aim of the Kitchen Life 2 project is to identify the key behaviours relating to food safety that occur in domestic and business kitchens, as well as the factors that may reduce the likelihood to enact recommended food safety and hygiene behaviours. The outcomes will inform risk assessment and development of hypotheses for behavioural interventions. The goal of this literature review was to ensure that the research design and fieldwork techniques identify existing key behaviours, actors, triggers and barriers in domestic and business kitchens to develop successful behavioural interventions and risk assessment models. Additionally, we have included the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic and national lockdowns on food safety practices in domestic and business kitchens. This addition is important because FSA policy response to the pandemic should address the needs of both consumers and food businesses due to reduced ability to deliver inspection and enforcement activities, business diversification (for example, shifting to online delivery and takeaway), increasing food insecurity, and change in food consumption behaviours (for example, cooking from scratch) (FSA, 2020).
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Davoudi Kakhki, Fatemeh, und Maria Chierichetti. Exploring the Relationship Between Mandatory Helmet Use Regulations and Adult Cyclists’ Behavior in California Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models. Mineta Transportation Institute, Oktober 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2024.
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In California, bike fatalities increased by 8.1% from 2015 to 2016. Even though the benefits of wearing helmets in protecting cyclists against trauma in cycling crash has been determined, the use of helmets is still limited, and there is opposition against mandatory helmet use, particularly for adults. Therefore, exploring perceptions of adult cyclists regarding mandatory helmet use is a key element in understanding cyclists’ behavior, and determining the impact of mandatory helmet use on their cycling rate. The goal of this research is to identify sociodemographic characteristics and cycling behaviors that are associated with the use and non-use of bicycle helmets among adults, and to assess if the enforcement of a bicycle helmet law will result in a change in cycling rates. This research develops hybrid machine learning models to pinpoint the driving factors that explain adult cyclists’ behavior regarding helmet use laws.
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Riggs, Lynn, Dean R. Hyslop und David C. Maré. Estimating the impact of the Families Package changes in financial incentives. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.06.
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In this paper we analyse behavioural responses to changes in financial incentives associated with the 2018 Families Package. For this analysis, we followed the methods pioneered by Saez (2010) and Chetty et al. (2013), which use bunching around kink points in the income schedule to estimate the degree of behavioural response. In general, the role of financial incentives in labour supply behaviour has been the subject of investigation for many decades, and although there is considerable concern about adverse labour supply responses to increased generosity of benefits, the available evidence on labour supply responses is mixed and surprisingly muted. We find no evidence of response around the salient kink points related to the policy changes; however, in contrast to the lack of bunching around the policy points, we see clear evidence of bunching around the top two marginal tax rate (MTR) thresholds, as well as at twice these amounts by coupled parental units. This suggests the methodology is able to identify such behavioural responses if they exist. Moreover, according to the theoretical model established in Saez (2010), the degree of bunching around the MTR thresholds should be similar if not less than that around the Families Package policy points we examine. The results in that respect are surprising, though Saez (2010), Chetty et al. (2013), and others find that bunching tends to occur around high visibility, easily understood kink points which have large impacts on disposable income.
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Webster, D. G. Chesapeake Governance Study: Report of 2021 Decision Maker Interview Results. Dartmouth Digital Commons, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/zylh8682.
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This report describes the aggregate results from a series of interviews conducted with decision makers involved in governance of the Chesapeake Watershed. Interviews began in June and ended in December of 2021. Information collected will be combined with other data to create and then test a computer model to predict likely policy changes under a range of future scenarios. It is part of a larger project funded by the National Science Foundation called Modeling the Dynamics of Human and Estuarine Systems with Regulatory Feedbacks (Award #2009248). Using the Chesapeake Bay as an example, this project will combine the policy model that we are designing with biophysical models to predict how social, economic and policy changes impact water quality, and how changes in water quality influence human behavior and decision-making.