Zeitschriftenartikel: „Behavior scenario“

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Li, Xiujun, Yuhui Su, Xiaoshi Liu, Wendian Shi und Kan Shi. „Prosocial behavior in envy scenarios“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, Nr. 11 (02.12.2017): 1803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6660.

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We investigated prosocial behavior in different envy conditions. Participants (N = 118) responded to partners' requests for help after taking part in either a control scenario or scenarios where they felt that their partner was envious of them based on their performance (input), a reward (output), or both (input–output). Results showed significantly different levels of prosocial behavior, with this being highest in the output envy scenario and lowest in the input–output envy scenario. Effects of benign and malicious envy were also assessed across scenarios. In the input and output scenarios, malicious envy positively predicted prosocial behaviors and benign envy negatively predicted prosocial behaviors, whereas the opposite was true in the input–output scenario. Our results imply that employees experiencing benign envy can be motivated to improve their own abilities and performance, whereas perceiving malicious envy is likely to elicit prosocial behavior by the envied person toward envious employees.

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Moats, Jason B., Thomas J. Chermack und Larry M. Dooley. „Using Scenarios to Develop Crisis Managers: Applications of Scenario Planning and Scenario-Based Training“. Advances in Developing Human Resources 10, Nr. 3 (Juni 2008): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422308316456.

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ZHENG, Yu-heng, Zhong-yu CHEN und Wei-jie LI. „Scenario-driven component behavior abnegation“. Journal of Computer Applications 28, Nr. 11 (05.06.2009): 2936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.02936.

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4

LIU, Xi, Lu YANG, Min-Xue PAN und Lin-Zhang WANG. „Scenario-Driven Service Behavior Manipulation“. Journal of Software 22, Nr. 6 (24.06.2011): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2011.04019.

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5

ZHANG, Yan. „Scenario-Driven Component Behavior Derivation“. Journal of Software 18, Nr. 1 (2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos180050.

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Uchitel, Sebastian, Jeff Kramer und Jeff Magee. „Incremental elaboration of scenario-based specifications and behavior models using implied scenarios“. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 37–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1005561.1005563.

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7

Rahmati, Yalda, Mohammadreza Khajeh Hosseini, Alireza Talebpour, Benjamin Swain und Christopher Nelson. „Influence of Autonomous Vehicles on Car-Following Behavior of Human Drivers“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 12 (16.07.2019): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119862628.

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Despite numerous studies on general human–robot interactions, in the context of transportation, automated vehicle (AV)–human driver interaction is not a well-studied subject. These vehicles have fundamentally different decision-making logic compared with human drivers and the driving interactions between AVs and humans can potentially change traffic flow dynamics. Accordingly, through an experimental study, this paper investigates whether there is a difference between human–human and human–AV interactions on the road. This study focuses on car-following behavior and conducted several car-following experiments utilizing Texas A&M University’s automated Chevy Bolt. Utilizing NGSIM US-101 dataset, two scenarios for a platoon of three vehicles were considered. For both scenarios, the leader of the platoon follows a series of speed profiles extracted from the NGSIM dataset. The second vehicle in the platoon can be either another human-driven vehicle (scenario A) or an AV (scenario B). Data is collected from the third vehicle in the platoon to characterize the changes in driving behavior when following an AV. A data-driven and a model-based approach were used to identify possible changes in driving behavior from scenario A to scenario B. The findings suggested there is a statistically significant difference between human drivers’ behavior in these two scenarios and human drivers felt more comfortable following the AV. Simulation results also revealed the importance of capturing these changes in human behavior in microscopic simulation models of mixed driving environments.

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Manser, M. P., P. A. Hancock, C. A. Kinney und J. Diaz. „Understanding Driver Behavior Through Application of Advanced Technological Systems“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1573, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1573-09.

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The use of the unecological removal research scenario in recent years has been forced because of technological limitations. However, with the advent of three-dimensional modeling programs and high-fidelity graphic systems, the ability to accurately represent real-world situations in computer-generated worlds has become easier, cheaper, and more realistic. A time-to-contact (TTC) experiment is reported in which the manner of removing an approaching vehicle from the environment was manipulated. One scenario, the disappearance condition, featured a traditional, instantaneous removal of a vehicle. The purpose of this research was to determine if a more ecological research scenario, one in which the approaching vehicle becomes occluded by a naturally occurring object (the occlusion condition), influences a driver’s ability to estimate TTC accurately. The available visual information was essentially equivalent in both scenarios. If the level of ecological validity has no effect on estimates of TTC, estimates of TTC between the two scenarios would be expected to be similar. Results, however, showed estimates with 14 percent greater accuracy in the occlusion condition compared with the disappearance condition, implying that researchers have been using a research scenario that biases estimates of TTC. Further, the results of the present findings imply that there are processes that occur in real world settings that have not being accounted for in previous TTC research.

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MOSHIRPOUR, MOHAMMAD, ABDOLMAJID MOUSAVI und BEHROUZ H. FAR. „DETECTING EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS USING SCENARIO-BASED SPECIFICATIONS“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 22, Nr. 06 (September 2012): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194012400104.

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Emergent behavior is an important issue in distributed systems' design. Detecting and removing emergent behavior during the design phase will lead to huge savings in deployment costs of such systems. An effective approach for the design of distributed systems is to describe system requirements using scenarios. A scenario, commonly known as a message sequence chart or a sequence diagram, is a temporal sequence of messages sent between system components. However, scenario-based specifications are prone to subtle deficiencies with respect to analysis and validation known as incompleteness and partial description. In this research, a method for detecting emergent behavior of scenario-based specification is proposed. The method is demonstrated and verified using a mine-sweeping robot as an example. Furthermore it has been demonstrated in this paper that scenario-based specifications can be used in agile software development and that the proposed methodologies in this research can be utilized effectively in agile approaches.

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Sun, Yanyong. „Research on Bidding Game and Its Application Based on Copetition Scenario“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (13.07.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9999292.

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Bidding decision is not only a science, an art, but also a game. The more intense the competition, the more important the game. In practice, there is the possibility of collaboration between bidders and even hidden competing behaviors such as bidding rigging. In this study, the optimized low-price bid winning method was discussed, and the characteristics and application of the bidding game under the copetition scenarios were studied. The results show the following: (1) Under the copetition scenario, the rational bidding behavior of bidders will deviate according to the different information advantages, and there is a game of making bidding strategy decisions according to the competitive scenario. (2) There is a close functional relationship between the winning bid result and the evaluation elimination factor, the number of bidders, and the number of bidders who operate bidding rigging. (3) Based on the quotation strategy matrix modeling, it enables the quantitative decision making bid amount, offer score, and deviation risk. This study enriches the theory of quota decision in copetition scenarios and is enlightening for similar business behavior game decisions.

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Desai, Nisha, und Martin Gogolla. „Assembling Scenario Patterns for Checking Model Behavior.“ Journal of Object Technology 19, Nr. 2 (2020): 19:1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5381/jot.2020.19.2.a19.

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Wang, Pengwei, Song Gao, Liang Li, Shuo Cheng und Hailan Zhao. „Research on driving behavior decision making system of autonomous driving vehicle based on benefit evaluation model“. Archives of Transport 53, Nr. 1 (30.04.2020): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1740.

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Autonomous driving vehicle could increase driving efficiency, reduce traffic congestion and improve driving safety, it is considered as the solution of current traffic problems. Decision making systems for autonomous driving vehicles have significant effects on driving performance. The performance of decision making system is affected by its framework and decision making model. In real traffic scenarios, the driving condition of autonomous driving vehicle faced is random and time-varying, the performance of current decision making system is unable to meet the full scene autonomous driving requirements. For autonomous driving vehicle, the division between different driving behaviors needs clear boundary conditions. Typically, in lane change scenario, multiple reasonable driving behavior choices cause conflict of driving state. The fundamental cause of conflict lies in overlapping boundary conditions. To design a decision making system for autonomous driving vehicles, firstly, based on the decomposition of human driver operation process, five basic driving behavior modes are constructed, a driving behavior decision making framework for autonomous driving vehicle based on finite state machine is proposed. Then, to achieve lane change decision making for autonomous driving vehicle, lane change behavior characteristics of human driver lane change maneuver are analyzed and extracted. Based on the analysis, multiple attributes such as driving efficiency and safety are considered, all attributes benefits are quantified and the driving behavior benefit evaluation model is established. By evaluating the benefits of all alternative driving behaviors, the optimal driving behavior for current driving scenario is output. Finally, to verify the performances of the proposed decision making model, a series of real vehicle tests are implemented in different scenarios, the real time performance, effectiveness, and feasibility performance of the proposed method is accessed. The results show that the proposed driving behavior decision making model has good feasibility, real-time performance and multi-choice filtering performance in dynamic traffic scenarios.

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Nosoohi, Iman, und Jamshid Parvizian. „Effects of Discount Scenarios on Chaotic Behavior of Inventory Level Under Price-Dependent Demand“. International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 2, Nr. 3 (Juli 2013): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2013070104.

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In competitive conditions, demand depends on the price and retailers with lower prices sell more. In this paper a dynamic model is developed in which demand is price-dependent and the price is determined by the retailer based on its inventory level. The retailer can offer discounts to customers, regarding its inventory level, based on different scenarios such as linear, total or increasing scenarios. Simulations show that each scenario has different effects on the long-term chaotic behavior of the inventory level, and is able to control aperiodic behavior of inventory level under specific initial conditions. It is established that in order to secure inventory stability, the discount scenario should consider the incoming shipments to the retailer and the potentially maximum demand, instead of the inventory level.

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Wang, Dafei, Tinghai Ren, Xueyan Zhou, Kaifu Yuan und Qingren He. „Dynamic Contract Design of Product-Service Supply Chain considering Consumers’ Strategic Behavior and Service Quality“. Complexity 2021 (08.07.2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6848971.

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With increasing market competition and rapid development of service economy, more and more enterprises are shifting from providing products or services to providing product-service systems (PSSs) that integrate products and services, in order to improve competitiveness and profitability. Meanwhile, consumers have strategic delayed purchasing behavior when purchasing the PSS and high requirements for service quality. This paper investigates the two-period pricing and service quality decisions of product-service supply chain (PSSC) considering consumers’ strategic behavior under decentralized and centralized scenarios. The equilibrium results are compared in two scenarios. In order to eliminate performance loss under the decentralized scenario, we design two-period dynamic contracts to coordinate the PSSC. Furthermore, numerical simulation is provided to verify the feasibility of the contracts. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the higher the service input-efficiency, the more beneficial for alleviating consumers’ strategic purchase behavior under two scenarios, but this mitigation effect is more obvious under the centralized scenario. (2) Compared with the centralized scenario, the service quality is lower, the two-period PSS sales prices are higher, and the two-period profit is lower under the decentralized scenario. The proportion of service valuation (accounts for the valuation of PSS) will promote the widening of the service quality gap under two scenarios, but in some cases, the service input-efficiency will weaken the promotion effect of the proportion of service valuation. (3) The design of the two-period combined contracts depends on the proportion of service valuation. When the proportion of service valuation is high, the “two-period revenue sharing + service-cost sharing” combined dynamic contract can achieve PSSC perfect coordination. However, when the proportion of service valuation is low, it is necessary to design complexity combined dynamic contract which can achieve PSSC perfect coordination.

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CHANG, KAI H., SHIH-SUNG LIAO, RICHARD CHAPMAN und CHUN-YU CHEN. „TEST SCENARIO GENERATION BASED ON FORMAL SPECIFICATION AND USAGE PROFILE“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 10, Nr. 02 (April 2000): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194000000110.

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This paper presents a method for test scenario generation based on formal specifications and usage profiles. It is a major component of a framework for testing object-oriented programs. In this framework, the requirements of a software system are formally specified. The anticipated application of the system is expressed in a usage profile, which is a state model that indicates the dynamic behavior of the system and execution probabilities for the behaviors. The state model is used as a guide to derive the anticipated operation scenarios. An enhanced state transition diagram is used to represent the state model, which incorporates hierarchy, usage and parameter information. Since the number of feasible scenarios can be extremely large, probability and importance criteria are used to select the most probable and important scenarios.

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Steinmann, Patrick, Willem L. Auping und Jan H. Kwakkel. „Behavior-based scenario discovery using time series clustering“. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 156 (Juli 2020): 120052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120052.

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Asteasuain, Fernando, und Víctor Braberman. „Declaratively building behavior by means of scenario clauses“. Requirements Engineering 22, Nr. 2 (16.01.2016): 239–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0242-2.

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Knies, Christian, und Frank Diermeyer. „Data-Driven Test Scenario Generation for Cooperative Maneuver Planning on Highways“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 22 (18.11.2020): 8154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228154.

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Future automated vehicles will have to meet the challenge of anticipating the intentions of other road users in order to plan their own behavior without compromising safety and efficiency of the surrounding road traffic. Therefore, the research area of cooperative driving deals with maneuver-planning algorithms that enable vehicles to behave cooperatively in interactive traffic scenarios. To prove the functionality of these algorithms, single test scenarios are used in the current body of literature. The use of a single, exemplary scenario bears the risk that the presented approach only works in the presented scenario and thus no general statement can be made about the performance of the algorithm. Furthermore, there is a risk that fictitious traffic scenarios may be solved which do not occur in reality. Therefore, we present a procedure for generating test scenarios based on real-world traffic datasets that require cooperation of at least one of the involved vehicles and thus are challenging from the perspective of cooperation. This procedure is applied to a large highway traffic dataset, resulting in a test scenario catalog that allows a comprehensive performance evaluation. The extracted scenarios are clustered according to the cooperative actions used to solve the respective scenario, which enables a more detailed understanding of the underlying cooperative mechanisms. In order to serve as a basis for making comparisons between different behavior planners and thus contribute to the development of future maneuver planning algorithms, a tool to extract the test scenarios from the used traffic dataset is made publicly available.

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Sheldon-Keller, Adrienne, Elizabeth Lloyd-Mcgarvey, Malcolm West und R. J. Canterbury. „ATTACHMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF BLAME IN DATE RAPE SCENARIOS“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, Nr. 4 (01.01.1994): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.4.313.

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In a questionnaire survey, 2060 students entering university rated various written scenarios involving “date rape.” Each rater rated the behavior of both the aggressor and the victim for how “excusable” his/her behavior was, on a 7-point scale. Half of the students in the sample received a version of the questionnaire in which the aggressor and victim were in a long-term dating relationship; the other raters received a version in which the aggressor and victim were casual friends. Males rated the behavior of the aggressor as more excusable and the behavior of the victim as less excusable in the scenario in which the couple were dating steadily than in the scenario in which they were friends. These results are discussed in light of attachment theory.

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Brodziak, Jon, und Kevin Piner. „Model averaging and probable status of North Pacific striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-029.

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We show how model averaging can be applied to estimate the probable status of a fishery resource under assessment scenario uncertainty. This approach is applied to North Pacific striped marlin ( Tetrapturus audax ), an apex predator that may be vulnerable to recruitment overfishing in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas. In the current striped marlin assessment, two assessment scenarios were used to account for different hypotheses about the steepness of the stock–recruitment dynamics. Estimates of spawning stock and recruitment from these scenarios are used post hoc to fit age-structured production models that represent alternative hypotheses about the degree of compensation in stock–recruitment dynamics and the degree of serial correlation of environmental forcing. Model-averaged estimates of target spawning biomass to produce maximum sustainable yield (SMSY) and the associated limit fishing mortality (FMSY) characterize relative stock status (S/SMSY and F/FMSY) under each scenario. Scenario-weighted averages of relative status determine probable stock status, with weightings reflecting the credibility of each scenario. Estimates of the variance of probable status account for both model selection and assessment scenario uncertainty in risk analyses. Using model averaging to estimate probable stock status from multiple assessment scenarios is analogous to using ensemble averages from multiple predictive models to make weather forecasts.

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Weber, James. „Scenarios in Business Ethics Research: Review, Critical Assessment, and Recommendations“. Business Ethics Quarterly 2, Nr. 2 (April 1992): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857568.

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A growing number of researchers in the business ethics field have used scenarios as a data gathering technique in their empirical investigations of ethical issues. This paper offers a review and critique of 26 studies that have utilized scenarios to elicit inferences of ethical reasoning, decision making, and/or intended behavior from managerial or student populations. The use of a theoretical foundation, the development of hypotheses, various characteristics germane to the use of scenarios, population and sampling issues, and the use of statistical measures are explored and assessed. In the interest of improving scenario-based research, ten recommendations are presented to guide future scenario research.

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Goyal, Akhil, und Dr Sudhinder Singh Chowhan. „Ethical behavior and fair practice in business “A Special Panoramic view if Indian Banking scenario“. International Journal of Scientific Research 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2012): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2013/48.

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Srinivasan, K. „Demographics and Current Scenario Concerning Oral Health Behavior Patterns Amongst Pilgrims: A Cross-sectional Survey“. Indian Journal of Dental Education 12, Nr. 4 (2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.12419.1.

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Abd. Rahman, Noorhazlinda, Muhammad Salleh Abustan, Nadzifah Che Mat, Hitoshi Gotoh und Eiji Harada. „A Microscopic Dynamics of Crowd Behavior for Crowd Evacuation Simulation in the Event of a Tsunami Disaster“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (Oktober 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.77.

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This paper attempts to demonstrate the simulation of evacuation in the event of a tsunami disaster from the perspectives of microscopic dynamics of crowd behavior. In this contribution, microscopic modeling is performed by using DEM-based crowd behavior simulator, CBS-DE, in which each individual in a crowd is modeled distinctly. The simulator is capable to track the trajectory and rotation of each individual and therefore, suitable in reproducing the details of the evacuation process. In relation to the evacuation process, we have conducted a study at Langkawi International Airport, Malaysia (LIA). Current condition of evacuation process at LIA was reproduced microscopically under two conjectural scenarios. By using microscopic model, adverse scenarios at LIA were studied to highlight the evacuation behavior. The scenario where evacuees have to change their direction can be simulated significantly. In the present conducted simulations, a realistic scenario of an evacuation process evolving in the dynamics virtual 3D environment was produced. Time series of the accumulative number of persons completed the evacuation was presented graphically.

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Khan, Smita. „Research-Practice Liaison in the Asian Scenario“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 1, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v1i2.30.

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This keynote paper examines the position of global south in world scenario and calls attention to the urgent need of a responsive architecture to counter the negativities and callousness that is seeping into the built developments due to rapid economic growth. It discusses the nature of a responsive self-practice & observations of a recent research on learning environments, with focus on environ-behavior studies. It discusses the dire need of vital enrichment of policy and practice. The paper makes a case for E-B studies by exposing new challenges, nascent fields and the need to fine tune application of local and traditional learning enriched through people’s experience and feedback in the Asian context.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Global south; E-B studies; challenges; responsive practice & research

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An, Hyunjin, und Sangmin Lee. „A Utility Maximized Harvest Decision Model for Privately Owned Coniferous Forests in the Republic of Korea“. Forests 11, Nr. 12 (28.11.2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121273.

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This study examined optimal harvesting decisions of multiple age-class private forests that maximize private forest owners’ utility. For this analysis, we developed two scenarios. One scenario was to maintain the harvest level currently performed in the Republic of Korea (ROK) (baseline scenario), and the other was to harvest according to the harvest prescription derived from the discrete-time utility model with a multiple age-class forest (optimization scenario). For the baseline scenario, the cohort component approach was applied to predict changes in the forest’s age structure under the given harvest level. For the optimization scenario, we applied a discrete-time utility model that can describe the consumption and cutting behavior of private forest owners who manage a multiple age-class forest. Then, we compared the changes of the timber supply level and forest structure dynamic by scenarios. The results showed that current harvesting in ROK is not at its optimal level. The baseline scenario results showed that if the current level of harvesting is maintained, a total of 1,315,000 m3 of soft wood will be supplied annually. However, the average annual wood supply will increase to 11,522,000 m3 under the maximized utility scenario. In terms of timber self-sufficiency, if all domestic wood produced is supplied as materials, the supply level from the optimization scenario will meet the government’s policy goal of a 30% timber self-sufficiency rate. However, if the baseline scenario is maintained, supply shortages can be expected by 2050.

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Jakimi, A., A. Sabraoui, E. Badidi, A. Salah und M. El Koutbi. „USING UML SCENARIOS IN B2B SYSTEMS“. IIUM Engineering Journal 11, Nr. 1 (21.06.2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v11i1.50.

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Scenarios has become a popular technique for requirements elicitation and specification building. Since scenarios capture only partial descriptions of the system behavior, an approach for scenario composition and/or integration is needed to produce more complete specifications. The Unified Modeling Language (UML), which has become a standard notation for object-oriented modeling, provides a suitable framework for scenario acquisition using Use Case diagrams and Sequence or Collaboration diagrams. In this paper, we suggest an algorithmic and tool support for composing and integrating scenarios that are represented in form of sequence diagrams. We suggest four operators (;: sequential operator, ||: concurrent operator, ?: conditional operator andÂ * :iteration operator) to compose a set of scenarios that describe a use case of a given system. In this paper, we suggest also to apply the scenario approach to B2B systems (Business to Business). We propose to develop B2B systems as a three activities process deriving formal specifications and code skeletons from UML scenarios. Activities of this proposed process are generally automatic and are supported by a set of developed algorithms and tools.

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McIntire, Matthew G., Christopher Hoyle, Irem Y. Tumer und David C. Jensen. „Safety-informed design: Using subgraph analysis to elicit hazardous emergent failure behavior in complex systems“. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, Nr. 4 (04.10.2016): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041600041x.

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AbstractIdentifying failure paths and potentially hazardous scenarios resulting from component faults and interactions is a challenge in the early design process. The inherent complexity present in large engineered systems leads to nonobvious emergent behavior, which may result in unforeseen hazards. Current hazard analysis techniques focus on single hazards (fault trees), single faults (event trees), or lists of known hazards in the domain (hazard identification). Early in the design of a complex system, engineers may represent their system as a functional model. A function failure reasoning tool can then exhaustively simulate qualitative failure scenarios. Some scenarios can be identified as hazardous by hazard rules specified by the engineer, but the goal is to identify scenarios representing unknown hazards. The incidences of specific subgraphs in graph representations of known hazardous scenarios are used to train a classifier to distinguish hazard from nonhazard. The algorithm identifies the scenario most likely to be hazardous, and presents it to the engineer. After viewing the scenario and judging its safety, the engineer may have insight to produce additional hazard rules. The collaborative process of strategic presentation of scenarios by the computer and human judgment will identify previously unknown hazards. The feasibility of this methodology has been tested on a relatively simple functional model of an electrical power system with positive results. Related work applying function failure reasoning to a team of robotic rovers will provide data from a more complex system.

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Abchouyeh, Maryam Aghaei, Behrouz Mirza und Fatemeh Sadeghi. „Dynamical behavior of the universe: An entropic force scenario“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, Nr. 16 (08.10.2019): 2040007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820400076.

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Entropic force originates in the assumption that there is a horizon for the universe. This horizon gives rise to additional terms in the equations of motion. Using dynamical system calculations, our results show that in the presence of dark energy for certain conditions, the last attractor of this theory will be dark energy epoch, but in the absence of dark energy, entropic force energy portion will have the lead role in the late time universe and is responsible for accelerated expansion of that. Interestingly, assuming both entropic force terms and dark energy to have their share of energy density of the universe, we have found that, in certain conditions entropic force dominated epoch is a stable fixed point while the dark energy epoch is a saddle point.

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Asaad, Yousra, T. C. Melewar und Geraldine Cohen. „Export market orientation behavior of universities: the British scenario“. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 25, Nr. 1 (02.01.2015): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2015.1031315.

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Tilles, P. F. C., und J. F. Fontanari. „Critical behavior in a cross-situational lexicon learning scenario“. EPL (Europhysics Letters) 99, Nr. 6 (01.09.2012): 60001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/99/60001.

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Auguston, Mikhail, James Bret Michael und Man-Tak Shing. „Environment behavior models for scenario generation and testing automation“. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083284.

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Ermel, Claudia, und Roswitha Bardohl. „Scenario animation for visual behavior models: A generic approach“. Software & Systems Modeling 3, Nr. 2 (Mai 2004): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-003-0048-4.

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Sanchis-Cano, Angel, Luis Guijarro und Massimo Condoluci. „Dynamic capacity provision for wireless sensors’ connectivity: A profit optimization approach“. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, Nr. 4 (April 2018): 155014771877254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718772544.

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We model a wireless sensors’ connectivity scenario mathematically and analyze it using capacity provision mechanisms, with the objective of maximizing the profits of a network operator. The scenario has several sensors’ clusters with each one having one sink node, which uploads the sensing data gathered in the cluster through the wireless connectivity of a network operator. The scenario is analyzed both as a static game and as a dynamic game, each one with two stages, using game theory. The sinks’ behavior is characterized with a utility function related to the mean service time and the price paid to the operator for the service. The objective of the operator is to maximize its profits by optimizing the network capacity. In the static game, the sinks’ subscription decision is modeled using a population game. In the dynamic game, the sinks’ behavior is modeled using an evolutionary game and the replicator dynamic, while the operator optimal capacity is obtained solving an optimal control problem. The scenario is shown feasible from an economic point of view. In addition, the dynamic capacity provision optimization is shown as a valid mechanism for maximizing the operator profits, as well as a useful tool to analyze evolving scenarios. Finally, the dynamic analysis opens the possibility to study more complex scenarios using the differential game extension.

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Xu, Guang, Chen Guang Zhao und Yan Li Xu. „“Nonintelligective Factors Inducing Scenario” Teaching Paradigm Developed and Applied Research“. Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (Januar 2011): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.792.

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Nonintelligective factors inducing scenario, as a new teaching paradigm of teaching model, compared with the traditional teaching model is a kind of innovation and development, which is a more effective teaching model. This paper is based on scenario cognitive theory, which put forward the dynamic relationship model of the nonintelligective factors inducing scenario teaching paradigm, and emphasizing the teaching of both dynamic learning and the non-intellectual factors in learning, in order to stimulate strong interest of learners’ and increase participation. In the teaching process, it emphasizes more on the creation of scenarios, learning motivation and feedback behavior of learners’, in order to improve teaching effect.

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Carvajal, Yesid, Camilo Ocampo und Luis E. Peña. „Storm Water Management Model Simulation and Evaluation of the Eastern urban drainage system of Cali in the face of climate variability scenarios“. INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 21, Nr. 2 (02.08.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v21i2.8046.

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Occurrence of extreme hydroclimatological events associated with climatic variability and climate change, along with deficient development of urban drainage systems, have increased the occurrence of floods in cities. This study analyzes the hydraulic behavior of the urban drainage system in the east of Cali, during the occurrence of maximum rainfall events, supported by the Storm Water Management Model. Three simulation climate scenarios were developed: (i) current scenario with a return time of 2 and 10 years, (ii). a climate scenario for the year 2030 and (iii) a climate scenario for the year 2040. The model presented an acceptable grade of calibration, with a Nash-Sutcliffe number greater than 0.5 in simulated events, therefore the results obtained appropriately describe the behavior of surface runoff in the study area, in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. In this way, critical points of the drainage system were identified. This information may be potentially useful in the planning of future hydraulic works, leading to an improvement of the hydraulic behavior of the system, and the protection of life and property of the inhabitants of the city.

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BEGUM, MOSS ANJUMAN ARA, BASIL MANOS und IOANNIS MANIKAS. „IMPLEMENTATION OF FERTILIZER POLICY IN BANGLADESH UNDER ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS: AN APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS MODELING“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 24, Nr. 06 (Dezember 2007): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595907001528.

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The analysis of the effects of fertilizer pricing on fertilizer-intensive agriculture and farms behavior ought to be an important topic of research for agricultural and environmental economists in Bangladesh. Several possibilities for fertilizer policy have been debated, in particular for the pricing of fertilizer. Following this observation, this study contributes to that discussion by simulating the impact that various policies based upon the price of fertilizer could have on agricultural production. Specifically, the study analyzes the economic, social and environmental implications of alternative fertilizer policies using a multicriteria model of farmers' behavior under different scenarios. The future agricultural and fertilizer scenarios are described in terms of the combination of policy instruments, policy style and configuration of actors. For the purpose of scenario analysis, narratives and quantitative indicator values have been compiled for each scenario. The quantitative estimates are used as input values in the modeling of fertilizing systems under policy changes. The results show that the increase of fertilizer price causes almost similar impacts as observed in the status quo scenario. The results also stress that fertilizer pricing, as a single instrument for controlling fertilizer use is not a satisfactory tool for significantly reducing fertilizer consumption in agriculture.

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Bicharra, Ana Cristina, Nayat Sanchez-Pi, Luis Correia und José Manuel Molina. „Multi-agent simulations for emergency situations in an airport scenario“. ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 1, Nr. 3 (21.06.2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij20121316973.

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This paper presents a multi-agent framework using Net- Logo to simulate human and collective behaviors during emergency evacuations. Emergency situation appears when an unexpected event occurs. In indoor emergency situation, evacuation plans defined by facility manager explain procedure and safety ways to follow in an emergency situation. A critical and public scenario is an airportwhere there is an everyday transit of thousands of people. In this scenario the importance is related with incidents statistics regarding overcrowding and crushing in public buildings. Simulation has the objective of evaluating building layouts considering several possible configurations. Agents could be based on reactive behavior like avoid danger or follow other agent, or in deliberative behavior based on BDI model. This tool provides decision support in a real emergency scenario like an airport, analyzing alternative solutions to the evacuation process.

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Farooq, Bilal, Elisabetta Cherchi und Anae Sobhani. „Virtual Immersive Reality for Stated Preference Travel Behavior Experiments: A Case Study of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Roads“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 50 (08.06.2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776810.

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Stated preference experiments have been criticized for lack of realism. This issue is particularly visible when the scenario does not have a well understood prior reference, as in the case of research into demand for autonomous vehicles. The paper presents Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE), which is capable of developing highly realistic, immersive, and interactive choice scenarios. We demonstrate the use of VIRE in researching pedestrian preferences related to autonomous vehicles and associated infrastructure changes on urban streets in Montréal, Canada. The results are compared with predominantly used approaches: text-only and visual aid. We show that VIRE results in respondents having better understanding of the scenario and it yields more consistent results.

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Свистова, E. Svistova, Свистов, V. Svistov, Стародубцев, Viktor Starodubtsev, Полев und V. Polev. „Information and methodological base scenario analysis in the design process of the social sphere“. Modeling of systems and processes 8, Nr. 2 (07.10.2015): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13442.

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The basic principle of solving social problems is the simulation of the complete cycle of adoption and implementation. Combining different strata description, get a variety of information describing the system. The concept of adequacy is specified in the description of the problem studied social studies. Formed scenario reflects the behavior of the object, it allows to develop and implement preventive and operational measures to shape a plan of action, predict the perceived risks. Information basis for the formation of formalized scenarios of behavior of the object system is a hypothesis about the behavior of its constituent elements of the system, as well as the collection of information from the structuring of a dedicated domain. Strategy formation scenario is a method of selecting the next event. The advantage of this scheme is its invariance with respect to the specific methods of its construction.

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Fuest, Tanja, Alexander Feierle, Elisabeth Schmidt und Klaus Bengler. „Effects of Marking Automated Vehicles on Human Drivers on Highways“. Information 11, Nr. 6 (28.05.2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060286.

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Due to the short range of the sensor technology used in automated vehicles, we assume that the implemented driving strategies may initially differ from those of human drivers. Nevertheless, automated vehicles must be able to move safely through manual road traffic. Initially, they will behave as carefully as human learners do. In the same way that driving-school vehicles tend to be marked in Germany, markings for automated vehicles could also prove advantageous. To this end, a simulation study with 40 participants was conducted. All participants experienced three different highway scenarios, each with and without a marked automated vehicle. One scenario was based around some roadworks, the next scenario was a traffic jam, and the last scenario involved a lane change. Common to all scenarios was that the automated vehicles strictly adhered to German highway regulations, and therefore moved in road traffic somewhat differently to human drivers. After each trial, we asked participants to rate how appropriate and disturbing the automated vehicle’s driving behavior was. We also measured objective data, such as the time of a lane change and the time headway. The results show no differences for the subjective and objective data regarding the marking of an automated vehicle. Reasons for this might be that the driving behavior itself is sufficiently informative for humans to recognize an automated vehicle. In addition, participants experienced the automated vehicle’s driving behavior for the first time, and it is reasonable to assume that an adjustment of the humans’ driving behavior would take place in the event of repeated encounters.

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SÜNNER, T., und H. SAUERMANN. „BIFURCATION SCENARIO OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER POL OSCILLATOR“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, Nr. 02 (April 1993): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493000283.

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Nonlinear self-excited oscillations are usually investigated for two-dimensional models. We extend the simplest and best known of these models, the van der Pol oscillator, to a three-dimensional one and study its dynamical behaviour by methods of bifurcation analysis. We find cusps and other local codimension 2 bifurcations. A homoclinic (i.e. global) bifurcation plays an important role in the bifurcation diagram. Finally it is demonstrated that chaos sets in. Thus the system belongs to the few three-dimensional autonomous ones modelling physical situations which lead to chaotic behavior.

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Prato, Tony. „Conceptual Framework for Collaboratively Managing Coupled Human and Natural Systems under Climate Change Uncertainty“. Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, Nr. 1 (21.12.2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n1p13.

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<p class="1Body">A collaborative decision making (CDM) framework is developed for managing coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) over time when managers are uncertain about one or more drivers of system behavior. The framework incorporates six elements: (1) framing the problem; (2) selecting management objectives; (3) choosing scenarios for future changes in one or more drivers of system behavior; (4) formulating alternative management actions; (5) estimating the values of management objectives and determining their compliance with maximum or minimum acceptable levels; and (6) determining preferred management actions for each driver scenario and time period. Application of the framework is illustrated for a hypothetical case study that determines preferred management actions over time for a highway corridor through a hypothetical national park based on four management objectives: minimizing soil erosion and vegetative losses along hiking trails in the highway corridor; and minimizing traffic congestion on the highway and visitor congestion on hiking trails in the highway corridor. Uncertainty about future visitor use of the highway corridor is taken into account by specifying low, medium, and high visitor use scenarios for the corridor. Preferred management actions for each visitor use scenario within time periods are determined using the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity of Ideal Solution to rank management actions for each visitor use scenario. The preferred management action across visitor use scenarios for each time period is determined by applying the minimax regret criterion to maximum loss indices for the preferred management actions for visitor use scenarios.</p>

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Bonnin, Sarah, Thomas H. Weisswange, Franz Kummert und Jens Schmuedderich. „General Behavior Prediction by a Combination of Scenario-Specific Models“. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 15, Nr. 4 (August 2014): 1478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2014.2299340.

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McIntosh, G. C., und A. B. Kaiser. „van Hove scenario and thermopower behavior of the high-Tccuprates“. Physical Review B 54, Nr. 17 (01.11.1996): 12569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.12569.

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Tabraiz, Shamas, Sajjad Haydar, Paul Sallis, Sadia Nasreen, Qaisar Mahmood, Muhammad Awais und Kishor Acharya. „Effect of cycle run time of backwash and relaxation on membrane fouling removal in submerged membrane bioreactor treating sewage at higher flux“. Water Science and Technology 76, Nr. 4 (18.05.2017): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.084.

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Intermittent backwashing and relaxation are mandatory in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for its effective operation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of run-relaxation and run-backwash cycle time on fouling rates. Furthermore, comparison of the effects of backwashing and relaxation on the fouling behavior of membrane in high rate submerged MBR. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale MBR at high flux (30 L/m2·h), treating sewage. The MBR was operated at three relaxation operational scenarios by keeping the run time to relaxation time ratio constant. Similarly, the MBR was operated at three backwashing operational scenarios by keeping the run time to backwashing time ratio constant. The results revealed that the provision of relaxation or backwashing at small intervals prolonged the MBR operation by reducing fouling rates. The cake and pores fouling rates in backwashing scenarios were far less as compared to the relaxation scenarios, which proved backwashing a better option as compared to relaxation. The operation time of backwashing scenario (lowest cycle time) was 64.6% and 21.1% more as compared to continuous scenario and relaxation scenario (lowest cycle time), respectively. Increase in cycle time increased removal efficiencies insignificantly, in both scenarios of relaxation and backwashing.

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Baral, Gehanath. „Changing scenario during COVID-19 pandemic“. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 15, Nr. 1 (07.06.2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v15i1.29332.

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Regular activities, management, behavior, livelihood and regulations have been altered and customized during pandemic to cope with the newly appeared challenges. All steps of life have been affected unexpectedly. The epidemiological, political, clinical and psychosocial scenarios have been changing as the time passes; thus the initial guidelines and regulation are not enough to combat crisis over time. Keywords: covid, crisis, guideline, pandemic, testing

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Afshar, Nima Karimi, Zahra Karimian, Reza Doostan und Majid Habibi Nokhandan. „INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DESIGNS ON WINTER THERMAL COMFORT IN AN URBAN PARK“. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 26, Nr. 3 (09.10.2018): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2018.5374.

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Various planting designs behave in different ways on microclimate and thermal comfort due to mainly distinct features of vegetation type and ratio. The papers simulated the microclimate behavior and thermal comfort of different planting design scenarios of an urban park using ENVI-met model. We measured temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity during the coldest period of 2016. Seven scenarios of planting design with different types and ratios of vegetation were simulated. In scenario of evergreen trees, humidity was relatively high while temperature and wind velocity were decreased. Simulated grass covered park and deciduous trees showed higher temperature and wind velocity. Scenario of grasses and the scenarios with high ratio of deciduous trees in comparison with other scenarios indicated lower wind speeds. The findings can be seen as a possibility of improvement of winter thermal comfort, considering a proper planting design as an important step in order to achieve Citizen Satisfaction.

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Liu, Guiying, und Hualin Xie. „Simulation of Regulation Policies for Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction in Arable Land Based on Farmers’ Behavior—Using Jiangxi Province as an Example“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 1 (27.12.2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010136.

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A multi-agent model for the simulation of arable land management based on the complex adaptive system theory and a Swarm platform was constructed. An empirical application of the model was carried out to investigate the pollution of arable land in Jiangxi Province. Two sets of policies—a fertilizer tax and an ecological compensation scheme—were designed and simulated, and the analysis focused on the control of polluting inputs, mainly chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The environmental effects of each policy were evaluated by simulating farmers’ self-adaptive behaviours in response to the policy in the artificial village of the model. The results showed the following: (1) Both the fertilizer tax policy and the ecological compensation policy somewhat alleviated the negative impact of input factors, such as fertilizers and pesticides, on arable land; (2) if the fertilizer tax policy is implemented, the medium tax rate scheme should be given priority—the effect does not necessarily improve as the tax rate increases, and a high-tax policy will threaten food security in the long term; and (3) if an ecological compensation policy is implemented, high-government-compensation scenarios are better than low-government-compensation scenarios, and the differential-government-compensation scenario is better than the equal-government-compensation scenario, and the differential-government-compensation scenario can lighten the burden on the government.

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Miesing, Paul, und Raymond K. Van Ness. „Exercise: Scenario Planning“. Organization Management Journal 4, Nr. 2 (September 2007): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/omj.2007.16.

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