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Clark, J. Dana. „A study of situational variables in an organizational marketing scenario“. Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222007-091406/.
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Freeman, Laura Lee. „The impact of a woman's prior sexual history on men's ability to discriminate unwanted sexual behavior in a date rape scenario /“. Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1273131721&SrchMode=1&sid=8&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1193426583&clientId=22256.
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Uchitel, Sebastian. „Incremental elaboration of scenario-based specifications and behaviour models using implied scenarios“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401938.
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Shakeri, Shadi. „Modeling Information Seeking Under Perceived Risk“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404510/.
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Information seeking and information avoidance are the mechanisms humans natural used for coping with uncertainties and adapting to environmental stressors. Uncertainties are rooted in knowledge gaps. In social sciences, the relationship between knowledge gaps and perceived risk have received little attention. A review of the information science literature suggests that few studies have been devoted to the investigation of the role of this relationship in motivating information-seeking behavior. As an effort to address the lack of theory building in the field of information science, this study attempts to construct a model of information seeking under risk (MISR) by examining the relationships among perceived risk, knowledge gap, fear arousal, risk propensity, personal relevance, and deprivation and interest curiosity as antecedents to motivation to seek information. An experimental approach and a scenario-based survey method are employed to design the study. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the relationships in the proposed model. Perceived risk was found to be a highly significant predictor of information seeking in moderately high-risk situations. Similarly, personal relevant has a significant negative effect on perceived risk and its interaction with knowledge gap motivates information seeking.
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Canal, Camprodon Gerard. „Adapting robot behavior to user preferences in assistive scenarios“. Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669799.
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Robotic assistants have inspired numerous books and science fiction movies.
In the real world, these kinds of devices are a growing need in amongst the elderly, who while life continue requiring more assistance. While life expectancy is increasing, life quality is not necessarily doing so. Thus, we may find ourselves and our loved ones being dependent and needing another person to perform the most basic tasks, which has a strong psychological impact. Accordingly, assistive robots may be the definitive tool to give more quality of life by empowering dependent people and extending their independent living.
Assisting users to perform daily activities requires adapting to them and their needs, as they might not be able to adapt to the robot.
This thesis tackles adaptation and personalization issues through user preferences. We 'focus on physical tasks that involve close contact, as these present interesting challenges, and are of great importance for he user. Therefore, three tasks are mainly used throughout the thesis: assistive feeding, shoe fitting, and jacket dressing. We first describe a framework for robot behavior adaptation that illustrates how robots should be personalized for and by end- users or their assistants. Using this framework, non-technical users determine how !he robot should behave. Then, we define the concept of preference for assistive robotics scenarios and establish a taxonomy, which includes hierarchies and groups of preferences, grounding definitions and concepts. We then show how the preferences in the taxonomy are used with Al planning systems to adapt the robot behavior to the preferences of the user obtained from simple questions. Our algorithms allow for long-term adaptations as well as to cope with misinformed user models. We further integrate the methods with low-level motion primitives that provide a more robust adaptation and behavior while lowering the number of needed actions and demonstrations. Moreover, we perform a deeper analysis in Planning and preferences with the introduction of new algorithms to provide preference suggestions in planning domains. The thesis then concludes with a user study that evaluates the use of the preferences in the three real assistive robotics scenarios. The experiments show a clear understanding of the preferences of users, who were able to assess the impact of their preferences on the behavior of the robot.
In summary, we provide tools and algorithms to design the robotic assistants of the future. Assistants that should be able to adapt to the assisted user needs and preferences, just as human assistants do nowadays.Els assistents robòtics han inspirat nombrosos llibres i pel·lícules de ciència-ficció al llarg de la història. Però tornant al món real, aquest tipus de dispositius s'estan tornant una necessitat per a una societat que envelleix a un ritme ràpid i que, per tant, requerirà més i més assistència. Mentre l'esperança de vida augmenta, la qualitat de vida no necessàriament ho fa. Per tant, ens podem trobar a nosaltres mateixos i als nostres estimats en una situació de dependència, necessitant una altra persona per poder fer les tasques més bàsiques, cosa que té un gran impacte psicològic. En conseqüència, els robots assistencials poden ser l'eina definitiva per proporcionar una millor qualitat de vida empoderant els usuaris i allargant la seva capacitat de viure independentment. L'assistència a persones per realitzar tasques diàries requereix adaptar-se a elles i les seves necessitats, donat que aquests usuaris no poden adaptar-se al robot. En aquesta tesi, abordem el problema de l'adaptació i la personalització d'un robot mitjançant preferències de l'usuari. Ens centrem en tasques físiques, que involucren contacte amb la persona, per les seves dificultats i importància per a l'usuari. Per aquest motiu, la tesi utilitzarà principalment tres tasques com a exemple: donar menjar, posar una sabata i vestir una jaqueta. Comencem definint un marc (framework) per a la personalització del comportament del robot que defineix com s'han de personalitzar els robots per usuaris i pels seus assistents. Amb aquest marc, usuaris sense coneixements tècnics són capaços de definir com s'ha de comportar el robot. Posteriorment definim el concepte de preferència per a robots assistencials i establim una taxonomia que inclou jerarquies i grups de preferències, els quals fonamenten les definicions i conceptes. Després mostrem com les preferències de la taxonomia s'utilitzen amb sistemes planificadors amb IA per adaptar el comportament del robot a les preferències de l'usuari, que s'obtenen mitjançant preguntes simples. Els nostres algorismes permeten l'adaptació a llarg termini, així com fer front a models d'usuari mal inferits. Aquests mètodes són integrats amb primitives a baix nivell que proporcionen una adaptació i comportament més robusts a la mateixa vegada que disminueixen el nombre d'accions i demostracions necessàries. També fem una anàlisi més profunda de l'ús de les preferències amb planificadors amb la introducció de nous algorismes per fer suggeriments de preferències en dominis de planificació. La tesi conclou amb un estudi amb usuaris que avalua l'ús de les preferències en les tres tasques assistencials. Els experiments demostren un clar enteniment de les preferències per part dels usuaris, que van ser capaços de discernir quan les seves preferències eren utilitzades. En resum, proporcionem eines i algorismes per dissenyar els assistents robòtics del futur. Uns assistents que haurien de ser capaços d'adaptar-se a les preferències i necessitats de l'usuari que assisteixen, tal com els assistents humans fan avui en dia.
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Melo, Caio Batista de. „Characterization of implied scenarios as families of Common Behavior“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/34130.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2018.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
Sistemas concorrentes enfrentam uma ameaça à sua confiabilidade em comportamentos emergentes, os quais não são incluídos na especificação, mas podem acontecer durante o tempo de execução. Quando sistemas concorrentes são modelados a base de cenários, é possível detectar estes comportamentos emergentes como cenários implícitos que, analogamente, são cenários inesperados que podem acontecer devido à natureza concorrente do sistema. Até agora, o processo de lidar com cenários implícitos pode exigir tempo e esforço significativos do usuário, pois eles são detectados e tratados um a um. Nesta dissertação, uma nova metodologia é proposta para lidar com vários cenários implícitos de cada vez, encontrando comportamentos comuns entre eles. Além disso, propomos uma nova maneira de agrupar estes comportamentos em famílias utilizando uma técnica de agrupamento usando o algoritmo de Smith-Waterman como uma medida de similaridade. Desta forma, permitimos a remoção de vários cenários implícitos com uma única correção, diminuindo o tempo e o esforço necessários para alcançar maior confiabilidade do sistema. Um total de 1798 cenários implícitos foram coletados em sete estudos de caso, dos quais 14 famílias de comportamentos comuns foram definidas. Consequentemente, apenas 14 restrições foram necessárias para resolver todos os cenários implícitos coletados coletados, aplicando nossa abordagem. Estes resultados suportam a validade e eficácia da nossa metodologia.
Concurrent systems face a threat to their reliability in emergent behaviors, which are not included in the specification but can happen during runtime. When concurrent systems are modeled in a scenario-based manner, it is possible to detect emergent behaviors as implied scenarios (ISs) which, analogously, are unexpected scenarios that can happen due to the concurrent nature of the system. Until now, the process of dealing with ISs can demand significant time and effort from the user, as they are detected and dealt with in a one by one basis. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to deal with various ISs at a time, by finding Common Behaviors (CBs) among them. Additionally, we propose a novel way to group CBs into families utilizing a clustering technique using the Smith- Waterman algorithm as a similarity measure. Thus allowing the removal of multiple ISs with a single fix, decreasing the time and effort required to achieve higher system reliability. A total of 1798 ISs were collected across seven case studies, from which 14 families of CBs were defined. Consequently, only 14 constraints were needed to resolve all collected ISs, applying our approach. These results support the validity and effectiveness of our methodology.
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Murtiadi, Suryawan. „Behaviour of concrete frame structures under localised fire scenarios“. Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14315/.
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This thesis encompasses an investigation of the behaviour of concrete frame structure under localised fire scenarios by implementing a constitutive model using finite-element computer program. The investigation phase included properties of material at elevated temperature, description of computer program, thermal and structural analyses. Transient thermal properties of material have been employed in this study to achieve reasonable results. The finite-element computer package of ANSYS is utilized in the present analyses to examine the effect of fire on the concrete frame under five various fire scenarios. In addition, a report of full-scale BRE Cardington concrete building designed to Eurocode2 and BS8110 subjected to realistic compartment fire is also presented. The transient analyses of present model included additional specific heat to the base value of dry concrete at temperature 100°C and 200°C. The combined convective-radiation heat transfer coefficient and transient thermal expansion have also been considered in the analyses. For the analyses with the transient strains included, the constitutive model based on empirical formula in a full thermal strain-stress model proposed by Li and Purkiss (2005) is employed. Comparisons between the models with and without transient strains included are also discussed. Results of present study indicate that the behaviour of complete structure is significantly different from the behaviour of individual isolated members based on current design methods. Although the current tabulated design procedures are conservative when the entire building performance is considered, it should be noted that the beneficial and detrimental effects of thermal expansion in complete structures should be taken into account. Therefore, developing new fire engineering methods from the study of complete structures rather than from individual isolated member behaviour is essential.
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Bohačík, Antonín. „Management polygonu energetické přenosové soustavy“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442397.
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The diploma thesis is focused on the creation of a control interface for a polygon simulating the electrical distribution network of the Czech Republic, where communication between substations is realized by IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the basic principles, properties and possibilities of communication standards IEC 60870 and IEC 61850. The next part is focused on the actual implementation and subsequent implementation of the control interface, including the implementation of the IEC 61850-80-1 module for data transfer between the mentioned standards. The last part describes the created behavior scenarios or the analysis of communication itself.
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LAFI, MOHAMMED FAYEQ. „Synthesis of Partial Behavior Models from Overlapping Scenarios with Alternative Alphabets“. University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321648086.
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Quaglia, João Luís Corradini. „Práticas operacionais e objetivo de desempenho como influenciadores do comportamento da equipe de projetos“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11941.
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Práticas em gestão de projetos (GP), apesar de amplamente difundidas, utilizadas e pesquisadas, não garantem o desempenho (sucesso) do projeto em suas entregas em tempo e custos conforme planejamento. Observa-se que, apesar do uso extensivo de práticas de GP, falhas em relação ao atendimento do cronograma e orçamento são amplamente relatadas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a influência das práticas de gestão de projetos e do objetivo de desempenho no Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (OCB) da equipe de projetos. As dimensões que compuseram o OCB foram: Ajuda, Iniciativa e Compliance. Para testar a relação entre os fatores de práticas de GP (incipientes ou avançados) e objetivo de desempenho (normal ou desafiador) no comportamento da equipe foi utilizada a metodologia do experimento baseado em cenários (SBRP experiment). A amostra contou com 216 alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração. O estudo mostrou que a utilização de práticas em gestão de projetos não influenciou o Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional da equipe de projetos. Entretanto, o objetivo de desempenho nas dimensões de tempo e custos influenciou o Comportamento Cidadão da equipe de projetos. Além desses resultados, a pesquisa mostrou que características pessoais, como experiência em liderar projetos, influenciou a propensão em aumento do comportamento cidadão mediante uma remuneração adicional. Como contribuição adicional este estudo mostra que existem diferenças de resultados nos diferentes grupos de respondentes (alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração), conforme encontrado em outros estudos. A utilização do experimento também foi um diferencial metodológico, em virtude de sua ainda baixa utilização em gestão de operações. Finalmente, este estudo também identificou as principais práticas utilizadas na gestão de projetos.
Practices in project management (PM), although widely disseminated, utilized and researched, do not guaranteee the project performance (success) in their deliveries on time and costs as planned. It is observed that, despite the extensive use of PM practices, failures to meet the schedule and budget are widely reported. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the influence of PM practices and performance targets on the project team's Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The dimensions that composed OCB were: Help, Initiative and Compliance. To test the relationship between the factors of PM practices (incipient or advanced) and performance targets (ordinary or challenging) in team behavior, the scenario-based role-playing experiment (SBRP experiment) was used, as research methodology. The sample consisted of 216 undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration. The research showed that the use of practices in project management did not influence the project team’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). However, performance targets in time and costs influenced the project team’s OCB. In addition to these results, the research showed that personal characteristics, such as experience as project manager, influenced the propensity for increasing OCB based on additional payment. As an additional contribution this study shows that there are differences in the results for different groups of respondents (undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration), as found in other studies. The use of the SBRP experiment was also a methodological advantage, seeing that is has not been widely used in operations management. Finally, this study also identified key practices in project management.
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Charypar, David. „Efficient algorithms for the microsimulation of travel behavior in very large scenarios /“. Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18034.
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Paléologue, Victor. „Teaching Robots Behaviors Using Spoken Language in Rich and Open Scenarios“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS458.
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Des robots sociaux tels que Pepper sont déjà présents "dans la nature". Leur comportements sont adaptés à chaque cas d'usage par des experts. Permettre au grand public d'enseigner de nouveaux comportements pourrait mener à une meilleure adaptation à moindre coût. Dans cette thèse nous étudions un système cognitif et des comportements robotiques permettant à des utilisateurs de Pepper à domicile de composer de nouveaux comportements à partir de comportements existants, par le langage parlé. Les domiciles sont des mondes ouverts qui ne peuvent pas être prédéterminés. Pepper doit donc, en plus d'apprendre de nouveaux comportements, être capable de découvrir son environnement, et de s'y rendre utile ou de divertir : c'est un scénario riche. L'enseignement de comportements que nous démontrons s'effectue donc dans ces conditions uniques : par le seul langage parlé, dans des scénarios riches et ouverts, et sur un robot Pepper standard. Grâce à la transcription automatique de la parole et au traitement automatique du langage, notre système reconnaît les enseignements de comportement que nous n'avions pas prédéterminés. Les nouveaux comportements peuvent solliciter des entités qui auraient été appris dans d'autres contextes, pour les accepter et s'en servir comme paramètres. Par des expériences de complexité croissante, nous montrons que des conflits entre les comportements apparaissent dans les scénarios riches, et proposons de les résoudre à l'aide de planification de tâche et de règles de priorités. Nos résultats reposent sur des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et soulignent les limitations de notre solution, ainsi que les nouvelles applications qu'elle rend possibleSocial robots like Pepper are already found "in the wild". Their behaviors must be adapted for each use case by experts. Enabling the general public to teach new behaviors to robots may lead to better adaptation at lesser cost. In this thesis, we study a cognitive system and a set of robotic behaviors allowing home users of Pepper robots to teach new behaviors as a composition of existing behaviors, using solely the spoken language. Homes are open worlds and are unpredictable. In open scenarios, a home social robot should learn about its environment. The purpose of such a robot is not restricted to learning new behaviors or about the environment: it should provide entertainment or utility, and therefore support rich scenarios. We demonstrate the teaching of behaviors in these unique conditions: the teaching is achieved by the spoken language on Pepper robots deployed in homes, with no extra device and using its standard system, in a rich and open scenario. Using automatic speech transcription and natural language processing, our system recognizes unpredicted teachings of new behaviors, and a explicit requests to perform them. The new behaviors may invoke existing behaviors parametrized with objects learned in other contexts, and may be defined as parametric. Through experiments of growing complexity, we show conflicts between behaviors in rich scenarios, and propose a solution based on symbolic task planning and priorization rules to resolve them. The results rely on qualitative and quantitative analysis and highlight the limitations of our solution, but also the new applications it enables
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Grieco, Danilo. „A study about drivers' behavior at crossroads in mixed traffic scenarios, using a simulator“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10714.
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Oliveira, Gabriel Pimentel Affonso de. „Question-based checklist to evaluate BDD scenarios' quality“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8047.
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Tradicionalmente, a engenharia de requisitos se baseia na execu??o sequencial de atividades. Por outro lado, a engenharia de requisitos em metodologias ?geis ? informal. Projetos ?geis s?o bem sucedidos ?sem requisitos? gra?as ao fato de que casos de teste s?o comumentemente vistos como requisitos e de que requisitos s?o detalhados como casos de teste que servem tambem para validar e aceitar cada funcionalidade. Um dos formato destes testes de aceita??o s?o cen?rios criados a partir da t?cnica de desenvolvimento orientado a comportamento (do ingl?s, behavior-driven development, BDD). Estes cen?rios ajudam a evitar problemas de comunica??o entre especialistas de dom?nio e programadores, j? que estes cen?rios s?o escritos numa linguagem comum a esses dois grupos, permitindo um caminho menos amb?guo dos requisitos de neg?cio para a especifica??o do comportamento do um software. Entretanto, aqueles que formalizam cen?rios BDD n?o possuem um conjunto padr?o de regras para se familiarizarem com o conceito de um ?bom? cen?rio, o que pode permitir que cen?rios BDD sofram de problemas conhecidos pela engenharia de requisitos, tais como requisitos incompletos, mal especificados ou inconsistentes. Portanto, para preencher essa lacuna, nessa pesquisa foram coletados dados de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com praticantes de BDD para propormos uma lista de verifica??o baseada em quest?es com 12 perguntas associadas a 8 atributos de qualidade. Esse instrumento deve prover aos praticantes de BDD orienta??es padronizadas para o refinamento de seus cen?rios.
Traditional requirements engineering approaches are based on a sequential execution of activities. In the other hand, requirements engineering in agile development is informal. Agile projects succeed ?without requirements? due to the fact that test cases are commonly viewed as requirements and detailed requirements are documented as test cases that also validate and accept each feature. One format of those acceptance test cases is Behavior-Driven Development scenarios. Those scenarios help to avoid communication problems between the domain experts and programmers on the team, as they are defined using a common language that allows for an easy, less ambiguous path from end-user business requirements to the specification of how the software should behave. However, those who formalize BDD scenarios do not have a standard set of rules to educate themselves on what a ?good? BDD scenario is, which can allow BDD scenarios to suffer from other known problems in requirement engineering such as incomplete, underspecified and inconsistent requirements. Therefore, to fill that gap, this research gathered data from semi-structures interviews performed with BDD practitioners to propose a question-based checklist based on 8 newly defined quality attributes. This question-based checklist provides practitioners with an standard guideline for BDD scenarios? refinement
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Brewer, Kenneth Grant. „Differing Death Scenarios: Self Esteem and Death Anxiety“. [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0605102-131732/unrestricted/BrewerK062002a.pdf.
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Parasyri, Despoina. „Consumer's Behavior under Different Economic Scenarios: Willingness to Bargain, Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Buy“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404045.
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El objeto de estudio y nexo de unión entre estos distintos trabajos que están presentados en los siguientes capítulos, queda perfectamente reflejado en el título de la tesis “Comportamiento de los consumidores en diferentes escenarios económicos: La disposición a negociar, la disposición a pagar y la disposición a comprar”. Es bien conocido y estudiado que el comportamiento de los consumidores se afecta por varias razones. En este trabajo intento investigar algunos factores que pueden afectar este comportamiento cuando los consumidores tienen que tomar una decisión económica.The object of study and the nexus of union between the different works that are presented in the following chapters, is perfectly reflected in the title of the thesis "Behavior of consumers in different economic scenarios: The willingness to negotiate, the willingness to pay and the Willingness to buy ". It is well known and studied that consumer behavior is affected for several reasons. In this thesis I try to investigate some factors that can affect this behavior when consumers have to make an economic decision.
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Rubenstein, Batya Yisraela. „The Effects of Racial Bias on Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence Scenarios“. Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6372.
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The purpose of this study was to explore how racial bias affects perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV). Public perceptions of IPV have been studied under numerous contexts to ascertain how characteristics of victim and the offender can affect these attitudes. A portion of this body of research has been dedicated to understanding the role of race in perceptions of IPV and a large portion of the findings have been mixed due to the interaction of biases and attitudes about race and IPV. Very few studies have looked at multiple forms of IPV in comparison with one another while also studying the sole effect of racial bias on these attitudes.
This study aimed to explore how racial bias affects perceptions of multiple forms of IPV. Through a survey design that utilized vignettes to present three forms of IPV, participants were randomly assigned to one of four racial dyads for the offender and victim in the vignette and then asked a series of questions about the vignette that measured perceptions of seriousness of the scenario, offender and victim culpability, and punitiveness of punishment. Participants’ attitudes towards domestic violence, racial bias, and violence in general were also measured using known attitudinal scales. The final sample consisted of 401 participants who were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed the online survey.
Findings from this study suggested a role of racial bias on the sample’s perceptions of the seriousness of the scenario, offender culpability, and labeling the vignette a violation of the law.
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Ajaxon, Ingrid. „Can Bone Void Fillers Carry Load? : Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Cements Under Different Loading Scenarios“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316656.
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Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used as bone void fillers and as complements to hardware in fracture fixation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the CPCs’ mechanical properties, and find out if these ceramic bone cements can carry application-specific loads, alone or as part of a construct. Recently developed experimental brushite and apatite cements were found to have a significantly higher strength in compression, tension and flexion compared to the commercially available CPCs chronOS™ Inject and Norian® SRS®. By using a high-resolution measurement technique the elastic moduli of the CPCs were determined and found to be at least twice as high compared to earlier measurements, and closer to cortical bone than trabecular bone. Using the same method, Poisson's ratio for pure CPCs was determined for the first time. A non-destructive porosity measurement method for wet brushite cements was developed, and subsequently used to study the porosity increase during in vitro degradation. The compressive strength of the experimental brushite cement was still higher than that of trabecular bone after 25 weeks of degradation, showing that the cement can carry high loads over a time span sufficiently long for a fracture to heal. This thesis also presents the first ever fatigue results for acidic CPCs, and confirms the importance of testing the materials under cyclic loading as the cements may fail at stress levels much lower than the material’s quasi-static compressive strength. A decrease in fatigue life was found for brushite cements containing higher amounts of monetite. Increasing porosity and testing in a physiological buffer solution (PBS), rather than air, also decreased the fatigue life. However, the experimental brushite cement had a high probability of surviving loads found in the spine when tested in PBS, which has previously never been accomplished for acidic CPCs. In conclusion, available brushite cements may be able to carry the load alone in scenarios where the cortical shell is intact, the loading is mainly compressive, and the expected maximum stress is below 10 MPa. Under such circumstances this CPC may be the preferred choice over less biocompatible and non-degradable materials.
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Albiero, Fernando Weber. „Uma abordagem de teste para aplicativos android utilizando os cenários do behavior driven development“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158399.
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Os aplicativos móveis, desenvolvidos originalmente para a área do entretenimento, hoje estão presentes nos mais diversos domínios, sendo comuns inclusive em áreas de alto valor agregado, como: varejista, logística, bancária, médica, entre outras. Portanto, a qualidade e correção dos aplicativos móveis tornam-se obrigatórios e as atividades de teste essenciais. Porém a qualidade das aplicações móveis nem sempre é satisfatória. Isso ocorre devido ao fato dessas aplicações sofrerem com a pressão do mercado e passarem por um processo muito rápido de desenvolvimento, onde geralmente a fase de testes é negligenciada ou realizada de forma superficial, pela própria equipe de desenvolvimento, comprometendo assim a qualidade da aplicação. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem baseada no Behavior Driven Development para ajudar na definição de testes de sistema para aplicativos nativos do Android. A abordagem proposta utiliza os arquivos de leiaute da aplicação para extrair informações sobre os componentes da interface e sobre os eventos esperados pelo sistema. A partir dessas informações, é possível verificar a cobertura dos cenários existentes em relação aos eventos disponíveis na interface com o usuário. Além disso, é possível identificar elementos do leiaute que não são exercitados pelos cenários existentes. A abordagem proposta é implementada por uma ferramenta chamada Android Behavior Testing Tool que, por meio da interpretação dos cenários do Behavior Driven Development, fornece uma visão geral do fluxo comportamental da aplicação ao testador (visão hoje não disponível), proporcionando assim uma noção de fácil compreensão sobre a cobertura dos testes em relação aos elementos da interface do aplicativo. Desta forma, o testador pode julgar a integridade dos casos de teste disponíveis em relação às funcionalidades implementadas e, se necessário, implementar novos testes. A ferramenta também faz uso dos arquivos de leiaute do aplicativo para identificar os componentes da interface que não foram testados e gera, neste caso, modelos de cenários no formato do BDD, automatizando assim a tarefa de escrita dos mesmos. A abordagem proposta foi utilizada em quatro aplicativos Android e se mostrou útil, uma vez que, em três estudos de caso foram detectados bugs oriundos de inconsistências lógicas nos cenários ou elementos não exercitados pelos cenários.Mobile applications, originally developed for entertainment, nowadays are present in a wide range of domains, being common even in areas of high value such as retailer, logistics, banking, and medical, among others. However, the quality and correctness of mobile applications become mandatory and testing activities are essential. However, the quality of mobile applications is not always good enough. This is because these applications suffer from market pressure and pass through a very rapid development process where the testing phase usually is neglected or superficially performed by the development team itself, thus compromising the quality of the application. This work proposes an approach based on Behavior Driven Development to help to define system tests for native Android applications. The proposed approach uses the application's layout files to extract information about the interface components and the events expected by the system. From this information, it is possible to check out the coverage of existing test scenarios against events available in the user interface. In addition, it is possible to identify unexercised usage scenarios from the existing test scenarios. The proposed approach is implemented by a tool called Android Behavior Testing Tool which, through the interpretation of the BDD usage scenarios, provides to the tester an overview of the behavioral flow of the application (otherwise unavailable), thus providing a notion of easy understanding of test coverage in relation to the application interface elements. In this way, the tester can judge the integrity of the available test cases in relation to the functionalities implemented and, if necessary, implement new tests. The tool also makes use of the application's layout files to identify untested interface components and in this case generates test scenario models in the BDD format, thus automating the writing task of the scenarios. The proposed approach was used in four Android applications and proved to be useful, since in three case studies bugs were detected. Detected bugs originated from logical inconsistencies in the test scenarios or elements that were not exercised by the scenarios.
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Berg, Gregor. „Virtual prototypes for the model-based elicitation and validation of collaborative scenarios“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6972/.
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Requirements engineers have to elicit, document, and validate how stakeholders act and interact to achieve their common goals in collaborative scenarios. Only after gathering all information concerning who interacts with whom to do what and why, can a software system be designed and realized which supports the stakeholders to do their work. To capture and structure requirements of different (groups of) stakeholders, scenario-based approaches have been widely used and investigated. Still, the elicitation and validation of requirements covering collaborative scenarios remains complicated, since the required information is highly intertwined, fragmented, and distributed over several stakeholders. Hence, it can only be elicited and validated collaboratively. In times of globally distributed companies, scheduling and conducting workshops with groups of stakeholders is usually not feasible due to budget and time constraints. Talking to individual stakeholders, on the other hand, is feasible but leads to fragmented and incomplete stakeholder scenarios. Going back and forth between different individual stakeholders to resolve this fragmentation and explore uncovered alternatives is an error-prone, time-consuming, and expensive task for the requirements engineers. While formal modeling methods can be employed to automatically check and ensure consistency of stakeholder scenarios, such methods introduce additional overhead since their formal notations have to be explained in each interaction between stakeholders and requirements engineers. Tangible prototypes as they are used in other disciplines such as design, on the other hand, allow designers to feasibly validate and iterate concepts and requirements with stakeholders.
This thesis proposes a model-based approach for prototyping formal behavioral specifications of stakeholders who are involved in collaborative scenarios. By simulating and animating such specifications in a remote domain-specific visualization, stakeholders can experience and validate the scenarios captured so far, i.e., how other stakeholders act and react. This interactive scenario simulation is referred to as a model-based virtual prototype. Moreover, through observing how stakeholders interact with a virtual prototype of their collaborative scenarios, formal behavioral specifications can be automatically derived which complete the otherwise fragmented scenarios. This, in turn, enables requirements engineers to elicit and validate collaborative scenarios in individual stakeholder sessions – decoupled, since stakeholders can participate remotely and are not forced to be available for a joint session at the same time. This thesis discusses and evaluates the feasibility, understandability, and modifiability of model-based virtual prototypes. Similarly to how physical prototypes are perceived, the presented approach brings behavioral models closer to being tangible for stakeholders and, moreover, combines the advantages of joint stakeholder sessions and decoupled sessions.Anforderungsingenieure erheben, dokumentieren und validieren wie Bedarfsträger in einzelnen und gemeinsamen Aktivitäten die Ziele ihrer kollaborativen Szenarios erreichen. Auf Grundlage von Angaben darüber, wer warum mit wem zusammen was erledigt, kann anschließend ein Softwaresystem spezifiziert und umgesetzt werden, welches die Bedarfsträger bei der Durchführung ihrer Abläufe unterstützt. Um Anforderungen verschiedener (Gruppen von) Bedarfsträger zu erfassen und zu strukturieren, werden szenariobasierte Ansätze genutzt und erforscht. Die Erhebung und Validierung von Anforderungen, die kollaborative Szenarios abdecken, ist dennoch kompliziert, da derartige Informationen hochgradig verknüpft, fragmentiert und über mehrere Bedarfsträger verteilt sind, wodurch sie nur in Gruppensitzungen effizient erhoben und validiert werden können. In Zeiten global verteilter Firmen ist die Planung und Durchführung solcher Workshops mit Gruppen von Bedarfsträgern nur selten praktikabel. Mit einzelnen Bedarfsträgern zu sprechen ist hingegen oft realisierbar, führt aber zu fragmentierten, unvollständigen Szenariobeschreibungen. Durch eine Vielzahl von Einzelgesprächen mit wechselnden Bedarfsträgern kann diese Fragmentierung aufgelöst werden – dies ist aber eine fehleranfällige und zeitaufwändige Aufgabe. Zwar bieten formale Modellierungsmethoden z.B. automatische Konsistenzchecks für Szenarios, doch führen derartige Methoden zu Mehraufwand in allen Gesprächen mit Bedarfsträgern, da diesen die verwendeten formalen Notationen jedes Mal erläutert werden müssen. Handfeste Prototypen, wie sie in anderen Disziplinen eingesetzt werden, ermöglichen es Designern, ihre Konzepte und erhobenen Anforderungen ohne viel Aufwand mit Bedarfsträgern zu validieren und zu iterieren. In dieser Dissertation wird ein modellbasierter Generierungsansatz vorgeschlagen, der kollaborative Szenarios prototypisch auf Grundlage von formalen Verhaltensmodellen für die beteiligten Bedarfsträger darstellt. Durch die Simulation dieses Verhaltens und dessen Animation innerhalb einer webbasierten, domänenspezifischen Visualisierung, können Bedarfsträger diese Modelle erleben und die bisher erfassten Szenarios validieren. Eine derartige interaktive Szenariosimulation wird als modellbasierter virtueller Prototyp bezeichnet. Basierend auf den Interaktionen zwischen Bedarfsträgern und einem virtuellen Prototypen ihrer Szenarios können zudem formale Verhaltensspezifikationen automatisch abgeleitet werden, die wiederum die fragmentierten kollaborativen Szenarios vervollständigen. Dies ermöglicht es den Anforderungsingenieuren, die kollaborativen Szenarios in individuellen Sitzungen mit einzelnen Bedarfsträgern zu erheben und zu validieren – entkoppelt voneinander, da Bedarfsträger webbasiert teilnehmen können und dabei nicht darauf angewiesen sind, dass andere Bedarfsträger ebenfalls in der gleichen Sitzung teilnehmen. Diese Dissertation diskutiert und evaluiert die Machbarkeit, Verständlichkeit sowie die Änderbarkeit der modellbasierten virtuellen Prototypen. Auf die gleiche Art wie physikalische Prototypen wahrgenommen werden, erlaubt es der vorgestellte Ansatz, Verhaltensmodelle für Bedarfsträger erlebbar zu machen und so die Vorteile von Gruppensitzungen mit denen entkoppelter Sitzungen zu verbinden.
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Johnsson, Pontus. „Riskbedömning och beslutsfattande vid bränder : En utvärdering av verkliga scenarion utifrån ett heuristiskt perspektiv“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57152.
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I syfte att förbättra kunskapsläget kring människors beteenden vid bränder och utrymningar studerades fyra brandsituationer hämtade från ett flertal verkliga händelser ur ett beslutsfattande- och riskbedömningsperspektiv. Det teoretiska underlaget hämtades ur Kahnemans och Tverskys forskning kring heuristiker (Kahneman och Tversky, 1974; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Gilovich, Griffin & Kahneman, 2002). För ändamålet användes tre heuristiska regler: tillgänglighet, representativitet och affekt. Dessa tre heuristiker möjliggör ögonblickssnabba riskbedömningar genom att allt utom en särskild variabel bortses från i beslutsprocessen. När människor blir stressade tenderar de att förlita sig mer på heuristiker i sina bedömningar. Analysen visar att det är rimligt att anta att de beteenden som observerats i samband med bränder i de fyra fallen beror på beslut huvudsakligen fattade med hjälp av någon av de tre heuristikerna. Denna kunskap kan öppna upp nya möjligheter för att förebygga dödsfall på grund av felaktiga beteenden i samband med bränder och utrymningar.
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Al-Dousari, Elham. „Information needs and information seeking behaviour of doctors in Kuwait government hospitals : an Exploratory study“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9786.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to study the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of doctors as an essential element in developing successful clinical information systems and improving the quality of healthcare services. This doctoral thesis focuses on exploring the information needs and information seeking behaviour of doctors in Kuwait government hospitals (KGH). The aims are to investigate the internal and external information sources used by doctors in Kuwait government hospitals and to analyse whether the existing clinical information sources meet their needs. A strategy of sequential, mixed-method procedures was followed to gather the research data using focus groups, a paper-based questionnaire and semi-structured telephone interviews. The participants of the research included all categories of doctors (consultants, senior specialists, specialists, senior registrar, registrar, assistant registrar and trainees), working in four government hospitals: Mubarak AI Kabeer, AI Sabaha, AI Farwania and AI Amiri in Kuwait. The findings of the study show that the most frequently mentioned need for information was to keep up-to-date to maintain good practice. It was found that interpersonal communication and a doctor's personal collection, consisting primarily of electronic resources, were the sources most frequently reported as used by the doctors. However, the degree of use of clinical information sources showed that doctors' information seeking varied depending on the clinical scenario. Doctors' knowledge and patient data were the doctors' most frequently used sources of information in the three clinical scenarios: outpatients, wards and the emergency department. There was a low use of knowledge-support resources such as the Internet and library resources in the outpatient and emergency rooms. However, use of the knowledge-support resources was highest in the wards. The results showed some contextual factors either supported or hindered doctors in seeking the information they need. The factors were categorised in the following contexts: a) Organisation context, b) Socio-cultural context; c) Information sources context and d) Scenarios context. Doctors made a number of suggestions for effective information communication and improving the information provision system in KGH. Two conceptual models result from the study findings: a clinical decision-making model scenario· and the overall conceptual model of information seeking by doctors in Kuwait government hospitals. The thesis concludes with recommendations and practical implications to enhance the information provision in KGH. Suggestions for further research are also given.
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Sierra, Gonzalez David. „Towards Human-Like Prediction and Decision-Making for Automated Vehicles in Highway Scenarios“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM012/document.
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Au cours des dernières décennies, les constructeurs automobiles ont constamment introduit des innovations technologiques visant à rendre les véhicules plus sûrs. Le niveau de sophistication de ces systèmes avancés d’aide à la conduite s’est accru parallèlement aux progrès de la technologie des capteurs et de la puissance informatique intégrée. Plus récemment, une grande partie de la recherche effectuée par l'industrie et les institutions s'est concentrée sur l'obtention d'une conduite entièrement automatisée. Les avantages sociétaux potentiels de cette technologie sont nombreux, notamment des routes plus sûres, des flux de trafic améliorés et une mobilité accrue pour les personnes âgées et les handicapés. Toutefois, avant que les véhicules autonomes puissent être commercialisés, ils doivent pouvoir partager la route en toute sécurité avec d’autres véhicules conduits par des conducteurs humains. En d'autres termes, ils doivent pouvoir déduire l'état et les intentions du trafic environnant à partir des données brutes fournies par divers capteurs embarqués, et les utiliser afin de pouvoir prendre les bonnes décisions de conduite sécurisée. Malgré la complexité apparente de cette tâche, les conducteurs humains ont la capacité de prédire correctement l’évolution du trafic environnant dans la plupart des situations. Cette capacité de prédiction est rendu plus simple grâce aux règles imposées par le code de la route qui limitent le nombre d’hypothèses; elle repose aussi sur l’expérience du conducteur en matière d’évaluation et de réduction du risque. L'absence de cette capacité à comprendre naturellement une scène de trafic constitue peut-être, le principal défi qui freine le déploiement à grande échelle de véhicules véritablement autonomes sur les routes.Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les problèmes de modélisation du comportement du conducteur, d'inférence sur le comportement des autres véhicules, et de la prise de décision pour la navigation sûre. En premier lieu, nous modélisons automatiquement le comportement d'un conducteur générique à partir de données de conduite démontrées, évitant ainsi le réglage manuel traditionnel des paramètres du modèle. Ce modèle codant les préférences d’un conducteur par rapport au réseau routier (par exemple, voie ou vitesse préférées) et aux autres usagers de la route (par exemple, distance préférée au véhicule de devant). Deuxièmement, nous décrivons une méthode qui utilise le modèle appris pour prédire la séquence des actions à long terme de tout conducteur dans une scène de trafic. Cette méthode de prédiction suppose que tous les acteurs du trafic se comportent de manière aversive au risque, et donc ne peut pas prévoir les manœuvres dangereux ou les accidents. Pour pouvoir traiter de tels cas, nous proposons un modèle probabiliste plus sophistiqué, qui estime l'état et les intentions du trafic environnant en combinant la prédiction basée sur le modèle avec les preuves dynamiques fournies par les capteurs. Le modèle proposé imite ainsi en quelque sorte le processus de raisonnement des humains. Nous humains, savons ce qu’un véhicule est susceptible de faire compte tenu de la situation (ceci est donné par le modèle), mais nous surveillerons sa dynamique pour en détecter les écarts par rapport au comportement attendu. En pratique, la combinaison de ces deux sources d’informations se traduit par une robustesse accrue des estimations de l’intention par rapport aux approches reposant uniquement sur des preuves dynamiques. En dernière partie, les deux modèles présentés (comportemental et prédictif) sont intégrés dans le cadre d´une approche décisionnel probabiliste. Les méthodes proposées se sont vues évalués avec des données réelles collectées avec un véhicule instrumenté, attestant de leur efficacité dans le cadre de la conduite autonome sur autoroute. Bien que centré sur les autoroutes, ce travail pourrait être facilement adapté pour gérer des scénarios de trafic alternatifsDuring the past few decades automakers have consistently introduced technological innovations aimed to make road vehicles safer. The level of sophistication of these advanced driver assistance systems has increased parallel to developments in sensor technology and embedded computing power. More recently, a lot of the research made both by industry and institutions has concentrated on achieving fully automated driving. The potential societal benefits of this technology are numerous, including safer roads, improved traffic flows, increased mobility for the elderly and the disabled, and optimized human productivity. However, before autonomous vehicles can be commercialized they should be able to safely share the road with human drivers. In other words, they should be capable of inferring the state and intentions of surrounding traffic from the raw data provided by a variety of onboard sensors, and to use this information to make safe navigation decisions. Moreover, in order to truly navigate safely they should also consider potential obstacles not observed by the sensors (such as occluded vehicles or pedestrians). Despite the apparent complexity of the task, humans are extremely good at predicting the development of traffic situations. After all, the actions of any traffic participant are constrained by the road network, by the traffic rules, and by a risk-aversive common sense. The lack of this ability to naturally understand a traffic scene constitutes perhaps the major challenge holding back the large-scale deployment of truly autonomous vehicles in the roads.In this thesis, we address the full pipeline from driver behavior modeling and inference to decision-making for navigation. In the first place, we model the behavior of a generic driver automatically from demonstrated driving data, avoiding thus the traditional hand-tuning of the model parameters. This model encodes the preferences of a driver with respect to the road network (e.g. preferred lane or speed) and also with respect to other road users (e.g. preferred distance to the leading vehicle). Secondly, we describe a method that exploits the learned model to predict the future sequence of actions of any driver in a traffic scene up to the distant future. This model-based prediction method assumes that all traffic participants behave in a risk-aware manner and can therefore fail to predict dangerous maneuvers or accidents. To be able to handle such cases, we propose a more sophisticated probabilistic model that estimates the state and intentions of surrounding traffic by combining the model-based prediction with the dynamic evidence provided by the sensors. In a way, the proposed model mimics the reasoning process of human drivers: we know what a given vehicle is likely to do given the situation (this is given by the model), but we closely monitor its dynamics to detect deviations from the expected behavior. In practice, combining both sources of information results in an increased robustness of the intention estimates in comparison with approaches relying only on dynamic evidence. Finally, the learned driver behavioral model and the prediction model are integrated within a probabilistic decision-making framework. The proposed methods are validated with real-world data collected with an instrumented vehicle. Although focused on highway environments, this work could be easily adapted to handle alternative traffic scenarios
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Braunagel, Christian [Verfasser], und Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Rosenstiel. „Ensuring the Take-Over Readiness of the Driver Based on the Gaze Behavior in Conditionally Automated Driving Scenarios / Christian Braunagel ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Rosenstiel“. Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168634210/34.
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Wepsäläinen, Ellinor. „COMPARING SWEDISH ADOLESCENTS’ CRIMINAL INTENTIONS AND ACTUAL CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURS: DO THEY CORRESPOND? -A TEST OF THE SITUATIONAL ACTION THEORY“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25620.
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It is of importance to direct resources to prevention since crime is costly both for the offender, possible victims and of society and its citizens at large. In general, prevention programs and the types of interventions are not well understood. It is therefore of necessity to find and study potential causal mechanisms that could aid and enable better preventive measures. This study investigates such mechanisms by testing one of the key aspects of the Situational Action Theory: the perception-choice process. This study relies on data gathered within the frames of Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development study (MINDS). Through scenario research and self-reported crime data the correspondence between criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours are investigated. Relevant personal and situational characteristics are examined in order to provide insights about crime propensity and the role of motivation and controls in intended and actual action outcomes. The result show that Swedish adolescents’ criminal intentions correspond with self-reported actual criminal behaviours to a large extent. The result further indicates clear tendencies of correspondence between level of propensity and prevalence of criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours.
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Earle, Simon Yohann. „An examination of the experiences of five African American male students with regard to school discipline practices“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001624.
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Xavier, Vinicius Pereira Pinto. „Análise do Comportamento do Consumidor sob uma perspectiva comportamental: Modelos de consumo em um ambiente relativamente fechado“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2052.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-08Consumer behavior can be defined as being a wide class o behavior that holds events, like: buying, savings, betting, choosing, adopting innovations, as well consuming services, including present or past activities, in order to predict future consumption. From a behavioral perspective (Behavior Perspective Model- BPM), consumer behavior occurs between the consumer s setting and agent s learning history, which in its turn signals the aversive and reinforcing consequences of his/her actions. The present work aimed to draw consumption patterns in two markets, a bigger one, and a smaller one, in order to verify the relationships between differences in both setting scope (measured from quantity of available brands) and price of Rice, Beans, Cofee, Sugar, and Soybean Oil against relative quantity bought and relative buying frequency. It was used two protocols to collect data from 200 consumers during the cash payment (100 in each market), and to provide data on products brands availability and price. The results showed differences in relative consumption frequency and quantity related to brands range, as so to price variations, except for Sugar. On these bases, the present work extends the findings about setting scope on consumer behavior.
Comportamento do consumidor pode ser definido como sendo uma ampla classe de comportamentos que comporta eventos como: comprar, poupar, apostar, escolher marcas e produtos, adotar inovações ou consumir serviços, incluindo em seu bojo atividades do indivíduo no presente, no passado e visando prever consumos futuros. Sob uma perspectiva comportamental (Behavior Perspective Model - BPM) o comportamento do consumidor ocorre entre o cenário de consumo e a história de aprendizagem do agente que, por sua vez, vai sinalizar as consequências aversivas e reforçadoras de suas ações. O trabalho em questão busca traçar o padrão de compra de consumidores de dois mercados, o primeiro de grande porte e o segundo de porte menor, verificando a relação entre as diferenças em aspectos da abertura do cenário (variedade de marcas disponíveis) e preços dos produtos Arroz, Feijão, Café, Açúcar e Óleo de Soja com a quantidade relativa de produtos comprados e frequência relativa de compra. Foram utilizados dois protocolos de registro para coletar os dados referentes às compras de 200 consumidores no ato do pagamento (100 em cada mercado) e para coletar os dados referentes à quantidade de marcas disponíveis de cada produto e seus respectivos preços. Os resultados mostraram diferenças na frequência relativa de consumo e na quantidade comprada relacionadas à quantidade de marcas disponíveis, além de variações nos preços, exceto para o produto Açúcar. Com isso, o presente trabalho estende os dados sobre os efeitos da abertura do cenário.
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Papamarkos, Periandros. „Measuring Complexity of Built Environments : The impact of traffic lights and load of traffic levels on how drivers perceive stress“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287369.
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To understand which factors affect the perception of stress while driving is interesting since it would help us to get closer to comprehending how the street network design can avoid putting stress on the drivers. Earlier research has measured drivers’ perception of safety under different street conditions by using video clips of real street environments. This study, that is carried out in cooperation with ITRL and it forms part of the MERGEN project, aims to introduce HCI techniques in order to prove that these techniques can bring valuable and credible results when substituting the conventional means of carrying out experiments. The study focuses on how the level of car traffic and the presence or not of traffic signs and lights affect how the drivers’ perceive stress emotion. To extract relevant information, a perceptual experiment was conducted in which 29 subjects were exposed to stimuli that represented four different virtual street scenarios. Each scenario comprised a unique case that combined the two factors under examination. In order to measure the levels of the perceived stress, the subjects of the experiment were asked to answer questions on how they perceive the following four aspects: confidence, comfort, route information and manageability of traffic load. It was concluded that the presence of traffic signs and automated traffic lights has a big impact on every aspect that was examined since a significant difference on the responses given was measured. It was also concluded that the level of car traffic does not play a very significant role when it alters in street scenarios where traffic signs and traffic lights are present. Nevertheless, the level of car traffic becomes a factor on how drivers perceive stress when the street scenario does not include presence of traffic signs and lights. The use of HCI techniques with the goal to extract information on how drivers perceive emotions managed to give back descriptive results, something that can enhance the use of this kind of methods in the evaluation of not only street network designs but any Built Environment design in general. The study is conducted using virtual scenarios but is meant to help better understand emotions in real situations.Att förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar uppfattningen av stress under körning är intressant eftersom det skulle hjälpa oss att begripa hur gatunätets design kan undvika att sätta stress på förarna. Tidigare forskning har mätt förarnas uppfattning om säkerhet under olika gatuförhållanden genom att använda videoklipp från verkliga gatumiljöer. Denna studie, som genomförs i samarbete med ITRL och ingår i MERGEN-projektet, syftar till att införa HCI-tekniker för att bevisa att dessa tekniker kan ge värdefulla och trovärdiga resultat när de ersätter konventionella metoder för att genomföra experiment. Studien fokuserar på hur nivån på biltrafik och närvaro av trafikskyltar och ljus påverkar hur förarna uppfattar stresskänslor. För att extrahera relevant information genomfördes ett perceptuellt experiment där 29 personer utsattes för stimuli som representerade fyra olika virtuella gatuscenarier. Varje scenario bestod av ett unikt fall som kombinerade de två faktorer som undersöktes. För att mäta nivåerna av den upplevda stressen ombads försökspersonerna att svara på frågor om hur de uppfattar de följande fyra aspekterna: förtroende, komfort, ruttinformation och hanterbarhet av trafikbelastningen. Man drog slutsatsen att närvaron av trafikskyltar och automatiserade trafikljus har stor inverkan på varje aspekt som undersöktes eftersom en signifikant skillnad i de givna svaren uppmättes. Man drog också slutsatsen att biltrafiknivån inte spelar en så viktig roll när den förändras i gatuscenarier där trafikskyltar och trafikljus finns. Ändå blir biltrafiknivån en faktor för hur förare upplever stress när gatuscenariot inte inkluderar närvaron av trafikskyltar och ljus. Användningen av HCI-tekniker i syfte att extrahera information om hur förare uppfattar känslor lyckades ge tillbaka beskrivande resultat, något som kan förbättra användningen av denna typ av metoder vid utvärderingen av inte bara gatunätdesign utan alla byggnadsmiljöer generellt. Studien genomförs med virtuella scenarier men är tänkt att hjälpa till att bättre förstå känslor i verkliga situationer.
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El, Kati Rene. „Effect of mechanical behaviour of artificial turf on player-surface interaction in soccer“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12361.
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This study aimed to extend the knowledge on player and surface loading by contributing new data in relation to a greater range of movements, relevant in-game scenarios and on carefully controlled third generation artificial turf surfaces. This was done by selecting soccer relevant movements and in-game scenarios for a player movement study with the help of a player focus group and questionnaire. Furthermore, four surfaces were created with surface hardness and rotational traction values at the upper and lower limits of the standards set by FIFA. The study showed that both the surface hardness and rotational traction properties can affect the human movement dynamics, though these effects were mainly present during the stop and turn manoeuvre. During the stop and turn manoeuvre the soft and high traction surfaces conditions led to increased frontal plane moments as well as increased average ground reaction forces during mid-stance. In combination with decreased ground contact times it appeared that the players were able to decelerate / accelerate faster and generate a larger force on the soft and high traction surfaces. During peak push off it appeared that the players were able to generate a larger force on the hard surfaces, which also led to a significant increase in plantar flexion moment. While some parameters showed an effect for surface hardness and / or rotational traction across all four surface conditions, for others such as the knee valgus, hip extension and hip internal rotation moment showed only a significant effect between two of the four surfaces. At the same time the other surfaces showed either no effect or the opposite effect. This suggests that the effects of the surface hardness can be influenced by the rotational traction properties, and vice versa. Regarding the jumping / heading manoeuvre the effects of the surface conditions were limited. This may have been related to the high demands of the movement, or to limitations of the mechanical measurement methods. In addition to the effects of surface properties on human movement dynamics the study also showed that the mechanical measurement methods may not be representative of the human loading. The impact force conditions of the advanced artificial athlete were substantially different to that of the stop and turn and jumping / heading manoeuvre. Whereas for the rotational traction test the study showed that the rotation of the foot during the ST was substantially less than the minimum 45° required by the FIFA guidelines. Regarding the inclusion of in-game scenarios the study showed that both the simulated opponent used for the stop and turn manoeuvre, and heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump manoeuvre can affect the human movement dynamics. During the stop and turn with a simulated opponent the frontal plane moments in the lower limbs were significantly increased. However, this increase in joint loading could not be related to any changes in movement strategy. During the landing after heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump the players used a different landing strategy by landing in a more upright position and increasing the ankle plantar flexion ankle just before lading. This allowed for a larger change in the ankle plantar / dorsi flexion angle to absorb the impact of the landing. In addition to this, the heading manoeuvre also led to a significant increase in the frontal plane joint moments of the lower limbs. For future studies it is recommended that a combination of surface properties is used to gain insight into how these affect each other regarding the effects they have on human movement dynamics. In addition, they should provide detailed information on the surface design as well as the properties. Regarding the quantification of the properties it is recommended that in addition to industry standards the surfaces are also quantified using conditions closer to those expected within the study. It is also recommended that future studies incorporate in-game scenarios in order to gain more insight into the effects of interventions that simulate actual match situations.
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Lichtenthäler, Christina [Verfasser], Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Cremers, Marc A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanheide und Alexandra [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirsch. „Legibility of Robot Behavior : Investigating Legibility of Robot Navigation in Human-Robot Path Crossing Scenarios / Christina Lichtenthäler. Gutachter: Marc A. Hanheide ; Daniel Cremers ; Alexandra Kirsch. Betreuer: Daniel Cremers“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066897123/34.
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Rytterbro, Jon. „Prospects of a sustainable transport system : the case of Stockholm Royal Seaport in 2030. Scenarios of travel behaviour and technological change for a fossil fuel free transport system“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107787.
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The transport system is acknowledged as one of the most difficult sectors for sustainable development today. Stockholm Royal Seaport has expressed the ambitious target of developing a fossil free transport system by 2030. This report evaluates several individual measures for carbon dioxide emission reductions and thereafter uses the backcasting approach to investigate how the combination of these can meet the target for the transport system. The results show that a broad range of measures, regarding both behaviour change and technological systems, must be implemented to their maximal potential for the target to be realised.
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Duignan, Patricia. „Dr. WHO?: The Science and Culture of Medical Wear Design“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3991.
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The multi-million-dollar medical uniform industry has not utilized advancements in garment and textile technology that could positively impact the protection of healthcare professionals and patients. In most cases the uniforms meet basic requirements – they clothe the professional in a recognizable way. Little innovation in design, function and performance, has been applied to these garments. This is particularly evident in the case of the stereotypical white lab coat worn by many physicians, despite evidence indicating that these lab coats may carry contamination and play a role in the spread of deadly bacteria. Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are among the most serious problems facing modern medical care, costing millions of lives and dollars annually worldwide. This research investigates the design and use of the physician’s lab coat – an immediately recognizable symbol of Western medicine. The research identifies the medical, functional, cultural and symbolic roles of the lab coat within the hospital environment and beyond, to the larger the global society. This thesis examines the extent to which the design of medical wear can impact the effect of hospital-acquired infections, support doctor/patient relationships and enhance the performance and behavior of the healthcare professional by envisioning a future lab coat which offers increased protection for physician and patient, aids in communication and enhances the performance of the doctor by utilizing digital technologies incorporated into the lab coat whereby the lab coat becomes the only tool necessary for the physician.
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Ståhl, Sally. „Strokekedjan från början till slut : En etnografisk studie om farlighet och tid i en akut vårdkedja“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78636.
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Varje år drabbas 30 000 svenskar av stroke, vilket innebär stora personliga omställningar och stora kostnader för samhället. Den mest effektiva behandlingen, trombolys, måste ges så snart som möjligt för att ha god effekt. Samtidigt som det är av största vikt att ta reda på om patienten har några differentialdiagnoser som gör behandlingen riskfylld. Den här studien undersöker hur strokekedjan går till och vilka faktorer som påverkar beslutsfattandet. Studien är baserad på etnografiska fältstudier på fyra svenska sjukhus och materialet är analyserat med metoder från sammansatta kognitiva system och målorienterad design. Resultaten visar att trots olika organiserade strokekedjor på de olika sjukhusen är processerna desamma och direkt kommunikation är mest framgångsrik för att effektivt sprida information mellan dem. Neurologjouren är viktig roll som, liksom resten av aktörerna i strokekedjan, ständigt balanserar sitt beslutsfattande mellan effektivitet och grundlighet. Kombinationen av analyser ger resultat både på system- och individnivå. Möjligheter för förbättrade strokekedjor ges i termer av logistiska, tekniska och organisatoriska förslag.30 000 people in Sweden get a stroke every year. This leads to large personal adaptions as well as high costs for the society. The most efficient treatment, thrombolysis, must be given as soon as possible to have a good effect. At the same time it is very important to find out if the patient has any differential diagnosis that can make the treatment hazardous. This study investigates how the course ov events around acute stroke patients take place and important factors for the decision making. The studiy is based on ethnographic field studys on four swedish hospitals. The material is analysed with methods from joint cognitive systems and goal-oriented design. The results show that in spite of different organisation of the course of events around acute stroke patients are the processes and direct communication most successful for effective spread of information between the processes. The neurologist on call is an important roll who, as well as the rest of the participants in the course of events, balances the decision making between efficiency and thoroughness. The combination of analysis gives results on both system- and individual levels. Possibilites for improvents are given in three categories: logistic, technological and organizational.
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Lung-ILin und 林榮毅. „The Effect of U.S. Beef Scenario on Consumer Purchase Behavior“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74465792251866465163.
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Wei, Zhi-Hao, und 魏智浩. „Simulation Analysis of Bus Car Following Behavior in the Three Vehicles Interaction Scenario“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51542126249400717941.
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碩士中華大學
科技管理學系(所)
94
The experimental scene of bus car following behavior simulation in the past studies was always designed to display only one small vehicle in front of the following bus. However, since a bus’s driver seat is higher than that of a small passenger car, a bus driver could see two or more vehicles in front of the bus when two or more vehicles drive in front of the bus. Therefore, two small vehicles must be designed to drive in front of a following bus to develop a three vehicles interaction experimental scene in the bus car following simulation scenario. This study used the Chung Hua University’s bus driving simulator to design a car following experiment whose traffic environment scene was the freeway straight road section with two way six lanes layout. In the designed experimental scenario, the experimental vehicle was set to drive behind two small vehicles on the middle lane. The traffic level of service on both side lanes of the experimental vehicle was B level. When the first vehicle of the two small vehicles in front of the experimental vehicle started to accelerate or decelerate or suddenly brake, the second small vehicle also had related response (accelerate, decelerate or brake) after 1.5 seconds reaction time. Before the experiment, the participants were directed to only follow the front vehicle and use the brakes to avoid a collision with the front vehicle, rather than to change lane. Four different events comprising different levels of deceleration, acceleration and suddenly brake of the two leading small vehicles happened randomly to urge the participant to respond. The responses data of all participants were collected and analyzed to develop the bus car following stimulus-response models. By using the experimental data, this study established four types of bus car following stimulus-response models include the “speed difference base”, the “fifth generation GM model base”, the “integration of the fifth generation GM model and the speed difference base”, and the “integration of the fifth generation GM model and vehicle spacing base”. Since the parameters of the model of the “speed difference base” and the model of the “fifth generation GM model base” are not significant, these two types of models could not sufficiently describe the stimulus-response relationships among the bus and the leading small vehicles. By comparing the accumulating driving distance error and the experiment’s data, the model of the “integration of the fifth generation GM model and the speed difference base” with 0.5 second time-lag have the smallest difference. We also concluded that the model of the “integration of the fifth generation GM model and the speed difference base” with 0.5 second time-lag is the best stimulus-response model for describing the bus car following behavior behind two small vehicles on the freeway straight road section.
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Su, Yiju, und 蘇儀茹. „Consumers’ Emotional Elicitation and Post-experience Behavior under Service Experience Scenario-The Adoption of Appraisal Theory“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ag58x.
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碩士東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
101
As the idea of service experience becomes noteworthy; the importance of service experience is that the company has to turn the service product into consumers’ experience product in order to gain the unique and memorable experiences to them. What will make consumer feel good or bad is the key point that business has to consider. When it comes to emotion elicitation, Appraisal theory is one of the emotion causation theories that has been discussed during the past years in cognition, emotion and marketing. Different appraisals will lead to different emotions; it is worth discussing from marketing background angle under service experience. In our study, the determinations of three appraisals are goal congruence, expectedness and novelty. We further divided the study into two groups. Study one is the effects of goal congruence and expectedness on emotions and consumer post-experience behavior. Study two is the effects of goal congruence and novelty on emotions and consumer post-experience behavior. The emotion scale was adopted from Russell and Pratt (1980) Circumplex Mofel of Affects. We put four-dimensioned arousing-sleepy and pleasant-unpleasant emotions to examine the main effects of three appraisals. Emotions elicited from different appraisals will have influences on satisfaction, word-of-mouth intentions and likelihood of generating word-of-mouth about the service experiences as well. Experimental method was adopted in our study for appraisals. A 2×2 factorial design was employed in study one and two as a pretest in scenarios. After examiming the accuracy of scenarios, paper questionnaires were undergone. Subjects were students in Tunghai University; the questionnaires we issued were 334 and we received 320 questionnaires. The valid received rate was 95.8%. MANOVA was employed to test the different appraisals on specific emotions. Regression was adopted as the checking of relationship between emotions and consumer post-experience behavior. The results were as follows: Study one. Main effects of goal congruence as well as expectedness were approved. Furthermore, goal congruence will lead to positive emotions whereas goal incongruence elicits negative emotions. Under expectedness positive emotions will arise but under unexpectedness negative emotions will arise. Positive emotions had positive relationship with satisfaction, word-of-mouth intentions and likelihood of generating word-of-mouth in comparison to negative emotions. Study two. Main effects of goal congruence as well as novelty were approved. However, goal congruence in this study showed no significant impact on emotions. Novelty will lead to positive emotions whereas innovelty elicits negative emotions. Positive emotions had positive relationship with satisfaction, word-of-mouth intentions and likelihood of generating word-of-mouth in comparison to negative emotions. The further outcomes of study one and two were discussed. The main effects of expectedness and novelty were supported and it was a contribution to appraisal theory that has been developed till now. Key words: service experience, appraisal theory, emotions, circumplex model of affect, consumer post-experience behavior
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Donovan, Angela S. „Development and Testing of an Intervention to Improve Group Decision-Making Effectiveness in a Hidden Profile Scenario“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2125.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Research has repeatedly shown that when groups whose members have varying expertise are combined to make a decision, they tend to discuss common information at a higher rate than unique information, hindering their ability to make the best decision. In response to these findings and the fact that organizations are increasingly using groups rather than individuals to make important decisions, a new intervention was developed based on past research to help groups make better decisions and discuss more unique information. The intervention was developed through three phases to determine which techniques were most powerful. The formal evaluation of the intervention was tested on a total of 228 undergraduate students (44 groups of four and 52 individuals). Groups were randomized into an experimental condition, receiving the intervention, or a control condition. Groups participated in a hidden profile business simulation acting as the top management team of a fictional Hollywood movie studio. Information was distributed so that there was common and unique information for each group. Groups given the intervention made significantly better decisions, shared more unique information, and performed significantly better than individuals. Unique information sharing was positively related to performance and the unique information given to one group member mediated the relationship between the condition and performance. In addition, this study revealed that within the inventory of unique information, different types of information may be more critical in reaching the best possible decision than others. Future research aims and implications are discussed.
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Lin, Chia-Ju, und 林家如. „A study of service employees'' moral judgment and ethical behavior intentions in the effect of scenario- A case study of "A" telecom company“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79196142945674072112.
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碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系所
96
"Business ethics" is becoming an attention-drawing subject. For a business formed to earn profit and increase the wealth to its owner, whether ethics could do any help is a considerable question. An enterprise''s view of ethics can be transferred to its customers through service employees. Moral dilemma issues occurred even more frequently in the service business because of its characteristics of services and personnel involving. Service employees represent the enterprise. Their unethical behavior can impact not only customers'' satisfaction and loyalty, but also the enterprise''s image; and thus, decrease the earnings of the enterprise. Sales quotas for the employees are usually a mean to the firm''s instant profit; however, they could affect the service scenarios and may arouse service employees’ unethical behavior intentions. The pursuit of instant profit could end up with customers'' complaints. Multidimensional ethics scale (MES) was used in this study to measure the moral judgment and ethical behavior intentions of service employees from “A” telecom company through various moral dilemmas. The research results were as followed: 1. Two moral dimensions were extracted from Multidimensional ethics scale. These two dimensions were named ‘moral equity’ and ‘relativist- utilitarian’. 2. Scenarios had significant effect on respondents’ moral judgment and ethical behavior intentions. In ‘reward system scenario’, respondents got higher score on moral judgment and tended to execute ethical behavior; while in ‘control scenario’, they got the lowest score on moral judgment and were most unlikely to behave ethically. 3. Some personal characteristics had direct and significant effect on respondents’ moral judgment and ethical behavior intentions. Others may had cross effect on the judgment and intentions immensely; such as the cross effect between ‘age’ and ‘sales quotas’, and that between ‘job-function’ and ‘sales quotas’. 4. The respondents could be divided into five clusters. They mostly belonged to cluster of ‘stick to the rules’. Meanwhile, the managers should pay attention to those problem clusters such as ‘law breakers’ and ‘emotional labor’. 5. As the respondents perceived a scenario as higher moral intensity, they tended to apply ‘moral equity’ dimension as the main criteria and impact on their ethical behavior intentions. Through ‘moral equity’ dimension, the ‘relativist- utilitarian’ dimension impacted indirectly on the ethical behavior intentions.
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Kiefer, Jürgen [Verfasser]. „A study on the Behavior under multitasking conditions in a dynamic task scenario in the context of human-machine-interaction / vorgelegt von Jürgen Kiefer“. 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009613618/34.
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Lin, Meng-Ying, und 林孟穎. „The denizen communicates to interact the comparison research of behavior and scenario in the relevant bedroom space-take the S organization and the P organization as an example-“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8ubwyu.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
建築與室內設計系碩士班
102
Along with Taiwanese population structure quickly head into an advanced age society development under, more and more contract losing of chronic disease and function obstacle disability /dementia, need live enter to look after organization to accept treatment and help over a long period of time. The caring mode of Taiwanese organization included mix of nursing mode, long-term care area, group living care unit, group house etc. in the current, and now most of the disability, dementia care with a " mixed of nursing mode ". So live the denizen in the long-term care organization bedroom space, Mind and body function characteristic with " disability and disability", " disability and dementia" , "dementia and dementia" hybrid three main types of residence. And "person" is to have an affective animal, to need to carry on exchanges interaction with others behavior to build up own social intercourse turn, the life up just can have to consign. Consequently for just went into at the organization or inhabited to have the denizen of a date in the organization, faced the social intercourse turn of not familiar living environment pattern and different life, all needed through carried on the exchanges interaction behavior establishment with others at own social circles. Consequently according to promote denizen the interactive behavior is at the exchanges within bedroom space, this research takes the S organization and the P organization as a research field area, attempts from two long-term care organization, different types of bedroom space, the denizen under different body function condition, under the organization of the hardware and software environment of care human condition, analyze further the denizen communicates in the bedroom space interactive the process of behavior and scenario in find of phenomenon and point in issue, induce to tidy up to will plan the consideration of design in the bedroom space in the future. This research result through the Ｓ organization and the Ｐ organization in different bedroom type, the denizen, hardware environment condition, software of different body function look after the analysis of manpower under, meeting because the body function attribute ( disability / dementia, daily life body, depend on degree different) , organization hardware environment condition(bed allocation, move line design, internal facilities and area all of etc.) and organization software look after a manpower condition and then influence denizen to stay the place part in the bedroom space time, communicate with dissimilarity interactive the object carry on communicate behavior behavior, frequency, content and scenario of composing.
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Tsai, Chen-Tsang (Simon), und 蔡振蒼. „Service Failures, Restaurant Setting, and Complaining Behaviors: A Scenario Approach“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34226995763326715198.
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碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業研究所
94
Providing “zero-defect” service should be the desired objective of all service marketers, but problems are ubiquitous in the service industry mainly due to the unique characteristics of service. Service failures would occur that result in customer dissatis-faction. By clearly depicting various restaurant settings, correct answers could be at-tained in relation to the evaluation on the perceived importance of guests towards the restaurant service and their satisfaction. The major objectives of this study are two-fold: (1) To examine the relationship between restaurants’ service failures and complaining behaviors; and (2) to verify the moderating effect of restaurant settings on service fail-ures and complaining behaviors. This study employed the concept of restaurant setting and service failures to ex-plore similarities and differences in complaining behavior of restaurant customer. The research used a scenario approach and it was administered to 790 respondents. Results show that most of restaurant customers are likely to complaint to service staff and management. In addition, the results indicates that the moderating effect of restaurant settings -‘a birthday banquet with friends’ and ‘an important business dinner’- on service failures and complaining behaviors. The study finding also identifies that customer could be both embarrassed and disappointed when an important dining occa-sion was ruined by bad food, resulted to high effect of complaining behavior. As for the practitioners’ reference, customers’ unique needs and expectations should always be placed with great weight in terms of providing satisfactory restaurant products and services. The purposes for dining out vary according to different motiva-tions. Therefore, restaurateurs should proactively raise their service quality and man-agement efficiency by strengthening their products and services in an effort to satisfy customers’ diversified needs.
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Chung, Hao-Ping, und 鍾皓玶. „Behavior stock portfolio optimization with complementary multi-index regression generated scenarios“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mdqw8a.
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碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
106
For the past few years, many people was buying gold, real estate, funds, stocks, to earn extra income. Nowadays, the most popular choice is invest in stocks to earn some profit. Buying stocks can not only earn dividends, but also earn extra income. Investment behavior of individuals was long considered rational but from overlying evidences this is not the case. For example people expect too much of stock growth such that they are optimistic that they will invest on the stock will always be profitable but in any investment there is always a risk of losing. These types of behavior may possibly affect the stock price movement. Those stocks that are affected by irrational behavior are called Behavioral stock, B-stock. This study uses these B-stocks from the related literature which are identified through the operational definition, OD of irrational behavior established by other researches. The OD defines the cause (trigger of behavior) and the resulting effect (say positive return) of each B-stock. Accordingly, following the literature, we know that after few days (time-to-effect) of spotting the cause the resulting effect (positive cumulative abnormal return) will occur with a corresponding probability. The purpose of this study is to improve upon the work on B-stocks by confirming the accuracy and effectiveness of the multi-index predictions to predict future returns of identified B-stocks. Using similar data from literature, and considering the respective some days of each identified B-stock, we estimate the future return of these B-stocks and the market through multi-index regression models. We generate return scenarios for the return of B-stocks for the next period, and then used these scenarios to find the optimal portfolio considering the Safety-first portfolio selection model using the CPLEX software. The resulting portfolio is compared to the market which shows that the portfolio with B-stocks and the corresponding estimated return scenarios can outperform the market. Therefore, we can use multi-index regression to estimate future returns of behavior stocks to earn extra income.
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Kuo, Yi-Wen, und 郭奕妏. „Analysis of Freeway Drivers’ Enroute Switching Behavior under Various Traffic Information Scenarios“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29408650708443151746.
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博士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
95
Advanced Driver Information Systems (ADIS) have been considered to improve network performance and service quality by offering real-time traffic information to drivers for changing their enroute decisions. However, the benefits of ADIS are achieved only if the drivers respond to the real-time traffic information in a positive manner. Hence, the effectiveness of real-time traffic information greatly depends on the drivers’ acceptance and compliance toward it. This is the critical factor for successful implementation of ADIS. Moreover, which types of real-time traffic information should be provided is also crucial to drivers’ enroute switching behavior. In the past, studies focusing on drivers’ route switching behavior might not discuss the effects of drivers’ viewpoints of real-time traffic information on positive and negative aspects simultaneously. Drivers’ perceptions, attitudes, and preferences toward real-time traffic information should be taken into seriously consideration in the revision of information contents. To explore the effects of real-time traffic information on freeway drivers’ enroute switching behavior, this study used two stage research methods. First, this paper applied “Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)” to verify the latent variables that would positively or negatively affect drivers’ enroute switching intention and explore the causal effect between them. Then “Ordered Probit Model (OPM)” method was used to confirm whether latent variables and traffic information scenarios would affect drivers’ stated enroute switching behavior in the congestion situation. According to the case study, the research subjects were freeway drivers traveling between Keelung and Hsinchu City, and 493 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of SEM showed that all research hypotheses have been confirmed. Drivers’ perceived value and usage attitude toward real-time traffic information had positive effects on their enroute switching intention. The drivers’ enroute switching intentions were negatively impeded by the drivers’ tolerance of congestion and perceived switching barriers. Therefore, it must be taken great consideration to provide more applicable route information contents in terms of drivers’ opinions. The empirical results reveal that drivers’ enroute switching behavior would be motivated by providing more detailed information on the alternative route. The improvement of the route information contents may help the traffic management agency to implement the strategies of congestion management.
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Nair, Rajiv. „Effects of Task Load on Situational Awareness During Rear-End Crash Scenarios - A Simulator Study“. 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/791.
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The current driving simulator study investigates the effect of 2 distinct levels of distraction on a drivers’ situational awareness and latent and inherent hazard anticipation. In this study, rear-end crashes were used as the primary crash configuration to target a specific category of crashes due to distraction. The two types of task load used in the experiment was a cognitive distraction (mock cell-phone task) & visual distraction (I-pad task). Forty-eight young participants aged 18-25 years navigated 8 scenarios each in a mixed subject design with task load (cognitive or visual distraction) as a between-subject variable and the presence/absence of distraction representing the within-subject variable. All participants drove 4 scenarios with a distraction and 4 scenarios without any distraction. Physiological variables in the form of Heart rate and heart rate variability was collected for each participant during the practice drives and after each of the 8 experimental drives. After the completion of each experimental drive, participants were asked to fill up a NASA TLX questionnaire which quantifies the overall task load experienced by giving it a score between 1 and 100, where higher scores translate to higher perceived task load. Eye-movements were also recorded for the proportion of latent and inherent hazards anticipated and mitigated for all participants. Standard vehicle data (velocity, acceleration & lane offset) were also collected from the simulator for each participants’ each drive. Analysis of data showed that there was a significant difference in velocity, lane offset and task load index scores across the 2 groups (between-subject factors). The vehicle data, heart rate data and TLX data was analyzed using Mixed subject ANOVA. There was also a logistic regression model devised which showed significant effects of velocity, lane offset, TLX scores and age on a participants’ hazard anticipation abilities. The findings have a major practical implication in reducing drivers’ risk of fatal, serious or near crashes.
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Almeida, João Emilio Santos Carvalho de. „Serious Games as a Behaviour Elicitation Tool: Applications to Evacuation Scenarios“. Tese, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83070.
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Almeida, João Emilio Santos Carvalho de. „Serious Games as a Behaviour Elicitation Tool: Applications to Evacuation Scenarios“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83070.
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Lin, Yi-Nung, und 林宜儂. „Exploring the Collaborative Problem Solving Behavioral Patterns in Science Scenarios“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m3k63n.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
教育資訊與測驗統計研究所
104
The purpose of this study is to analyze 15-year-old students’ capability and behavioral patterns of 11 skills based on the PISA 2015 collaborative problem solving (CPS) framework. Based on an online CPS assessment with two units in science scenario, this study analyzed the 11 CPS skill performances and behavior patterns of 6984 students in Taichung city. A coding scheme according to the response sequence of items (dialogue sequence) was proposed and used to detect sutdents’ CPS behavioral in scientific scenario.The results of the study showed that all the participants from Taichung city are good in the collaborative skills, the highest average is 1.869 that isthe CPS skill, “(B3) Describe roles and team organisation (communication protocol/rules of engagement),” and the minimum average is 1.280 that is “(B1) Building a shared representation and negotiating the meaning of the problem (common ground).” Compared male with female, female’s 11 CPS capability are better than male’s, reaching statistical significance criteria. To analyze all participants’ CPS behavioral patterns for male and female, the finding shows that it isn’t much difference in capability between male and female. This study proposed procedure alsooffersa method which can be applied to the analysis of CPS for a single class. For analyzing one class in an junior high school in Taichung city, the association, “(C1) Communicating with team members about the actions to be/ being performed→(C3) Following rules of engagement, (e.g., prompting other team members to perform their tasks.),” is not strong for whole students in the class. In addtion, for the overall performance on CPS behavior patterns, the performance of female studentsarealso better than male students.
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Fang, Yu-Hui, und 方郁惠. „Exploring Consumers’ Coping Behaviors in Online Double Deviation Scenarios: From Power Perspective“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79104469638064412646.
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博士國立中央大學
資訊管理研究所
98
Service recovery is a critical moment of truth in retaining customers and reinforcing customer relationships, and has been considered as an “Achilles'' heel” in online marketplaces. Poor service recoveries exacerbate the negative effects of the failure, producing a “double deviation” effect. The double deviation effect may arise from the seller’s power misuse and then dissolve the buyer-seller relationship (e.g., violate consumer psychological contract), elicit consumer negative emotions which lead to customer coping behaviors. This study links the theories of psychological contract violation (PCV), emotion, and coping from the power perspective to investigate the double deviation scenario in online auction marketplaces. Two power constructs (perceived power and perceived consumer empowerment) are considered in our proposed model. Data collected from 190 consumers of one auction website provide support for the proposed model. The results shed light on what constitutes the determinants of consumer judgments while facing online double deviation scenario and how consumers react to and cope with it. The contributions of this study include (1) introducing broader configurations of PCV to IS research, (2) an rich understanding of their specific associations with negative emotions, (3) validating the effect of negative emotions on consumers’ coping behaviors, (4) exploring the abovementioned relationships and issues from power perspective, and (5) the provision of empirical support for the proposed relationships. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Chiang, Chung-Chih, und 姜忠志. „Building an Attack Scenario Database with Causal Relationship of Worm Attack Behaviors and its Applications“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30303309770188694656.
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碩士國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
95
In information explosion time, network and computer bring people conveniences when there is more advanced in science and technology. However, there are many kinds of attacks are coming after convenience. More and more attack types are discovered, for example for example probing victim’s useful information, intruding target system, stealing secure data, opening backdoor, distribute deny of service and so on. Although many intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are used to detect attacks, they have some disadvantages. First, IDSs focus on alerts which are risen by attacks but they are not correlated effectively. Therefore, a system manager can know how many attacks happen but he can not know their relationships. Second, a manager can not understand weight of alerts and handle delay when large of attacks happen. Third, IDS will generate alerts and report to manager after attacks. So, it can not predict a next attack. Because of three reasons, it is difficult to deal with important alerts when we use these IDSs. Our research is focused on building an attack scenario database. Therefore, we develop a Causal Relationship for Scenario Modeling Language (CRSML) to building it. We develop four main units. 1. Attack scenario database: we collect some real attack patterns early and analyze their causal relationships to construct scenario database. 2. Host detection unit: we integrate some tools with detection flow. The host sensors can detect attacks and generate alerts. 3. Alert correlation unit: it can correlate duplicate and plan-set alerts. Then, it transfers correlative alerts into events. 4. Attack status and prediction unit: it results attack status graphs from handling all network and host events. After through these main units, we also apply our construction into security operation center (SOC) which we made before. It can effectively help system managers to keep network security. The procedure in our construction is using causal relationships of patterns to build attack scenarios. Then, it brings alerts together based on alert correlation. Finally, it generates attack status graph and predicts next attacks. There are two researches which we propose. They are intrusive behaviors in Unix-like systems and worm attack behaviors. We focus on worm attack behaviors in this thesis and the other topic, intrusive behaviors in Unix-like systems is proposed by another member - Chien-Hung Chen.
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Rato, Lénia da Fonseca Alexandre. „European lobster (Homarus gammarus) larvae under an acidification scenario: addressing biochemical, development and behaviour responses“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/2434.
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A acidificação dos oceanos constitui uma problemática global e a realidade de que está, efetivamente, a acontecer não é uma consideração subjetiva. A Acidificação dos oceanos provocada por emissões de dióxido de carbono de origem antropogénica tem vindo a reduzir o pH das águas superficiais do Oceano e projeções preveem a continuidade deste processo. Embora muita investigação tenha sido desenvolvida no âmbito dos invertebrados que calcificam, tais como moluscos e crustáceos, poucos consideraram o estudo de efeitos ao nível sub-celular para avaliar stress oxidativo ou respostas funcionais do metabolismo energético em tais condições, interligando vários níveis de organização biológica.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar os efeitos da exposição a diferentes níveis-alvo de pCO2 (controlo: 370 μatm; aumentado: 710 μatm) e de pH (controlo: 8.15; reduzido: 7.85) em parâmetros de crescimento bem como avaliar respostas comportamentais e bioquímicas relacionadas com stress oxidativo e metabolismo energético durante o desenvolvimento larvar de um crustáceo decápode. Este cenário de acidificação está de acordo com os RCPs previstos pelo Painel Intergovernamental para as Alterações Climáticas (IPCC, 2014) para o ano 2100.
Para o presente estudo, foi utilizado o crustáceo Homarus gammarus (L.) – sendo uma espécie com elevado valor comercial, que tem vindo a sofrer elevada pressão de pesca em águas Europeias. Fêmeas adultas provenientes da costa Atlântica Oeste Portuguesa foram obtidas de um retalhista local. Após a eclosão em ambiente laboratorial controlado, larvas provenientes da mesma progenitora foram expostas às condições acima descritas desde o momento da eclosão até à chegada ao Estádio III. A sobrevivência individual e ocorrência de ecdise foram avaliados individualmente de 12h em 12h. Réplicas de cada tratamento foram recolhidas em momentos específicos durante o Estádio I (primeiro estádio larvar) e Estádio III (último estádio larvar) para análise morfométrica e de crescimento (peso fresco e comprimento carapaça) e respostas bioquímicas. Os biomarcadores analisados incluíram parâmetros relacionados com stress oxidativo e danos (atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase (SOD), peroxidação lipídica (LPO) e danos no DNA) e metabolismo energético (atividade da cadeia transportadora de eletrões (ETS) e da enzima lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e quantificação de Hidratos de Carbono). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a sobrevivência diminui e que o período inter-muda é afetado durante a exposição a cenários de acidificação. No que respeita aos parâmetros de crescimento/morfométricos, larvas do cenário de acidificação apresentam uma tendência para crescimento diminuído, menor peso e comprimento de carapaça. As análises bioquímicas realizadas indicam a ocorrência de stress oxidativo sob condições de acidificação. Respostas ao nível do metabolismo energético não variaram significativamente entre tratamentos. Os resultados apontam também para que fases larvares possam possuir um sistema antioxidante ainda em desenvolvimento, tornando-as mais suscetíveis ao stress oxidativo.
As fases larvares são uma fase vulnerável e crucial no ciclo de vida das espécies, influenciando o recrutamento e a renovação de stocks. Este estudo contribui para um melhor entendimento sobre a vulnerabilidade desta espécie num cenário de alterações climáticas – Acidificação dos oceanos – ao endereçar os mecanismos envolvidos nas respostas deste crustáceo a este agente causador de stress.