Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Beginner teacher identity“

This research focuses on the construction of the supervising teaching practice professional identity of the cooperating teacher. To this end, it explored the discourses on the teaching practices and teacher education experiences; the legitimate participation in teacher education and working spaces; and the teaching perspectives that substantiate the pedagogical relationships and learning trajectories in the context of professional practice. A case study was conducted to examine the narratives of cooperating teachers, an experienced and a beginner on the supervisory roles and tasks of the pedagogical practice of Physical Education pre-service teachers during an academic year. Data were gathered through interviews. The qualitative inductive thematic analysis was informed by grounded theory coding procedures. Themes included: i) challenges in interacting with the pre- service teachers; and ii) challenges in the (re)configuration of the supervisory practices. The reconstruction of the cooperating teacher’s professional identity happens in the doing of their roles, the confrontation with the challenges encountered, the negotiation of interactions with the pre-service teachers, and the implementation of teaching perspectives that inform their practices and pedagogical supervision relations.

PROFESSIONAL INITIATION OF TEACHING OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: teaching, learning and difficultiesINICIACIÓN PROFESIONAL DEL PROFESOR DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL: enseñanza, aprendizaje y dificultadesRESUMOO objetivo deste estudo incidiu em identificar e analisar as dificuldades encontradas e as aprendizagens adquiridas/construídas no início da carreira de docentes da educação infantil. A pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo foi realizada no município de Itapetinga-BA, com cinco docentes iniciantes da Educação Infantil. Os resultados mostraram que o docente em início de carreira encontra inúmeras dificuldades para exercer a sua função, no entanto também alcançam inúmeras aprendizagens para a construção da sua identidade pessoal e profissional; que há diferença entre ser professor iniciante da escola pública e privada; ser professor contratado e efetivo; ser professor da educação infantil e de outros níveis ou modalidades de ensino.Palavras-chave: Início da Carreira Profissional Docente; Docência na Educação Infantil; Professor Iniciante.ABSTRACTThis study focused on identifying and analyzing the difficulties and learning acquired/constructed in the early childhood education teacher career. The qualitative research was conducted in the city of Itapetinga -BA, with five beginner teachers of early childhood education. The results showed that the teacher in the beginning of the teaching career is many difficulties to carry out their work, but also reach several learning for the construction of their personal and professional identity; there is a difference between being a beginner teacher of public and private school; teacher be hired and effective; being a professor of early childhood education and other levels or types of education. Keywords: Beginning of the Teaching Professional Career; Teaching in Early Childhood Education; Beginning Teacher.RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y analizar las dificultades encontradas y los aprendizajes adquiridos/construidos al inicio de la carrera de los docentes de educación infantil. La investigación con enfoque cualitativo se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Itapetinga-BA, con cinco docentes principiantes de Educación Infantil. Los resultados mostraron que el docente al inicio de su carrera docente encuentra numerosas dificultades para ejercer su función, sin embargo también logra numerosos aprendizajes para la construcción de su identidad personal y profesional; que hay una diferencia entre ser un maestro principiante en las escuelas públicas y privadas; ser un maestro contratado y eficaz; ser docente de educación infantil y otros niveles o modalidades de educación.Palabras clave: Inicio de la Carrera Profesional Docente; Docencia en Educación Infantil; Profesor Principiante.

Since 1997, adult literacy education has been of increasing interest to UK policy makers amid perceptions/claims of a causal relationship between attainment in literacy and positive economic participation, social inclusion, and life chance transformation. However, research in the field of literacy studies suggests that many prisoners who identify as beginner readers, report feeling alienated by formal education failing to take sufficient account of the social identities learners bring to their learning or how they want to use literacy to bring about change in their lives. This has resulted in deficit models of the prisoner as learner that impose ‘spoiled educational identities' and fail to engage prisoners as active, agentic participants in their learning. In this article, the authors draw on data produced in the qualitative phase of a year-long study across the English prison estate of Shannon Trust's prison-based reading plan, to explore alternative approaches to prison literacy education that challenge the traditions of formal education and put learner identity and aspiration at the heart of the beginner reader learning process. The qualitative phase of the project involved twelve focus groups across eight prison settings and included 20 learner, and 37 mentor participants engaged in the Shannon Trust peer-reading programme. The authors listen closely to the voices of learners and mentors describing their experiences of peer to peer learning and plug in Anita Wilson's concepts of educentricity and third space literacies to read participants' experiences of formal and informal literacy education. They make use of this analysis to identify and describe a ‘grounded pedagogy' approach that pays attention to learning as social practice and enables prisoners to re-imagine themselves both as learners and social actors and to begin to connect their learning to self-directed desistence identity building. The authors conclude with a consideration of the implications of this work for prison literacy teaching and the potential role of grounded pedagogy ideas in the development of more provocative approaches to prison teacher education.

This article presents an analysis of the teaching career beginning in Basic Education using the beginning teacher as a reference. The study is based on the theoretical discussions of Gonçalves (2000), Huberman (2000), Guarnieri (2005), Tardif (2008), Darling-Hammond (2014), among others. For methodological development, we used qualitative research (BRASILEIRO, 2013), type case study (MEKSENAS, 2011) with input in ethnomethodology (COULON, 1995). The research was carried out in a public school and had as participants a teacher whose teaching time is less than two years, a principal and a pedagogical coordinator. The data collection techniques were observation, questionnaire, interview and field diary. Data analysis was performed based on Bardin (1977), and interpretation in accordance with Hermeneutics-Dialectics also discussed through Minayo's reflections (1998). The results indicate elements that facilitate the beginning of the teaching profession, such as commitment, respect, profile, self-confidence, among other principles. They also point out difficult elements, such as shyness and practical fragility. They also show the different challenges encountered by the teacher, especially the process of overcoming the dichotomy between training (theory) and professional practice. In general, the research findings show that the entry of the beginner teacher into the school results from a university education based on teaching and research. And, that the beginning of the teaching career explains a context of learning knowledge, characterized by the availability and proactivity inherent in pedagogical work, by the experiences of social relations between students and school professionals that converge to the construction of the teaching professional identity. Therefore, the study expands the reflection on the teaching profession from the perspective of the beginning teacher collaborating to expand this field of knowledge.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify teachers’ conceptions of learning study in order to provide the basis for an application of phenomenography/variation theory (PVT) to the improvement of teachers’ learning about learning study. Design/methodology/approach A phenomenographic study based on semi-structured interviews with 18 beginner teachers of business and economics in England taking part in a learning study during their initial teacher education. Findings The study identified five conceptions of learning study and five associated critical aspects. Results raise questions about the relationship between the process and instructional design elements of learning study. Originality/value The study offers a framework for exploring differences in the quality of learning studies and the relationship between teacher conceptions of learning study and the degree of conceptual change in students in a learning study. It also enables facilitator/researchers to design and manage interventions to develop teacher understanding of learning study that are consistent with the principles of PVT.

Living in the digital era and in a society that recognises the importance of technology, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) plays a major role in almost every point of life and particularly in education. Teachers play a major role in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. Mobile applications open new opportunities for learning how to read and speak different languages. One such mobile application that is used in education to facilitate learning of new language is the mobile translator. Although, there are numerous language translator applications that are freely available online, most of them have different shortcomings. This study focused on filling the gap of different shortcomings presented by different translator applications and specifically cater the mobile application for the FNCC curriculum. The main objective of this study was to design and develop a mobile translator application to facilitate the effective teaching of beginner level French for children at FNCC. Interviews were carried out as a data collection method to identify the requirements for the mobile translator application. The French teachers at the FNCC (Franco Namibia Cultural Centre) served as a sample group. Purposive sampling method was used to identify the participants and two teachers were selected. The application was developed following the incremental process model, an android mobile application was designed and developed, the application was evaluated using the PACMAD usability model, the incremental testing were adopted. The findings of the research show that there are different teaching strategies used in teaching and learning of French. Features were incorporated on the mobile application that are believed to enhance teaching and learning of French at beginner level. The PACMAD usability model determined what other French applications (which were purposively selected) lack and a comparison was carried out between the selected applications. The results of the comparison determined what should be included in the French mobile application for beginner level for children at the FNCC.

ABSTRACTThe research presented here is an examination of how child language novices (zero beginners) develop interactional competences and repertoires in a Swedish as a second language classroom. Two 7-year-old girls’ learning trajectories are the focus in a yearlong study of their second language (L2) development. The girls’ transition from highly repetitious and formulaic production to formally and semantically more diverse discourse is documented, along with a broadening of the girls’ classroom interactional repertoires. They initiated and took part in interactions with teachers and peers and participated in a growing range of classroom discursive activities. The longitudinal analysis also documents the differences in their two learning trajectories, particularly in terms of their L2 resources and pragmatic skills, as well as their identities as successful or unsuccessful language learners (as ascribed to them by the teachers). The study illustrates an intricate and synergistic, rather than unidirectional, relationship between these two child novice learners’ competences, L2 features, and identities.

This article presents the findings of an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, whose objective was to identify and describe the problems faced by beginner teachers who participated in a teaching induction program (INDUCTIO) in the Dominican Republic. Two ad hoc questionnaires were designed and applied to 363 beginning teachers and 45 mentors respectively. Likewise, two focus groups were developed, one with twelve beginning teachers and the other with ten mentors. The findings reflect that management of discipline issues, motivation and the response to students´ individual differences are the problems most faced by beginning teachers. The perception of these problems meaningfully improves after remaining in the program for five months. Furthermore, significant differences are detected regarding the problems identified at the beginning of the program by both novice teachers and mentors. Similarly, significant differences were observed in relation to the problems that the two groups refer to have overcome.

Objetivo: Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e compreender as redes de interações dos professores de Educação Física iniciantes na carreira, no processo de socialização docente. Métodos: Para isso, foi realizado uma etnografia em duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RS). Durante o trabalho de campo, que durou seis meses, foram acompanhados dois professores, um de cada escola. Os instrumentos utilizados para obtenção das informações foram diários de campo, observações e entrevistas. O material construído no campo foi compilado e organizado em pastas, após a leitura foram elencadas unidades de significados que nos auxiliaram na construção de categorias de análises. Resultados e conclusão: Compreendemos que as redes de interações são construídas para a socialização dos professores iniciantes nas escolas. A secretaria municipal de educação, a cultura escolar e os pares socializadores são os elementos que tecem os fios da socialização docente dos professores iniciante e são responsáveis, na maioria das vezes, pela permanência e envolvimento destes na cultura escolar.ABSTRACT. The networks of interactions of teachers of physical education beginners in the teaching career: weaving threads of socialization. Objective: Identify and understand the networks of interactions of Physical Education teachers beginning in the career, in the process of teacher socialization. Methods: For this purpose, an ethnography was carried out in two schools of the Municipal Education Network of Porto Alegre (RS). During the fieldwork that lasted six months, were accompanied two teachers, one from each school. The instruments used to obtain the information were field diaries, observations and interviews. The material built in the field was compiled and organized and folders, after reading were listed units of meanings that helped us in the construction of categories of analysis. Results and conclusion: We understand that interaction networks are built for the socialization of beginning teachers in schools. The municipal secretariat of education, school culture and socializing peers are the elements that weave the threads of teacher socialization of beginning teachers and are responsible, for the most part, for their permanence and involvement in school culture.

This work proposes to investigate actions that happen in a Japanese language classroom to observe acquisition of oral skill as focus point. Based on Brown (2000; 2007), Benson (2001) and among others, our research aims to see the relationship between methods used by the teacher and beginners students’ oral skill development. With such methods as direct observation, questionnaires and the application of two oral testes, we identify that the methods used by the teacher made both positive as well as negative effects. We perceived that the teacher immediately adjusted his methods, as he noticed the students´ difficulty; as a result, he made them learn the target language. As it was evident, the teacher varies his methods and techniques in the classroom. Besides, one of the interesting factors is the students´ collaboration in the classroom, in which one helps the other so that it made the class acquire the target language.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate 152 pre-service and in-service school teachers’ perceptions toward Web 2.0 applications and their usage in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and independent samplet-tests. The descriptive statistics were used to identify teachers’ perceptions toward Web 2.0 applications and their usage. Thet-test was used to investigate the differences in perceptions between groups due to gender, and experience using computers and the Internet. The results showed that teachers have high perception toward Web 2.0 tools and services, but the extent to which they use Web 2.0 applications is somehow moderate. Moreover, no statistically significant differences in perception toward Web 2.0 were detected due to gender or experience using computers and the internet. Recommendations and suggestions for improving Web 2.0 integration into teaching and learning are proposed.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted the quantitative research approach using a questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire was designed to investigate teachers’ perceptions of using Web 2.0 applications as a method for teaching and learning purposes.FindingsThe results showed high self-perception of teachers toward Web 2.0 and their use for improving students’ performance, which can be attributed to their awareness of Web 2.0 importance and benefit in education. On the other hand, results indicated a low use of most of Web 2.0 tools such as microblogging, audio file sharing, photo sharing and content developing. Again, these findings can be attributed to the lack of professional training on using Web 2.0. In addition, the results did not show significant differences between male and female teachers in using Web 2.0 applications with the exception of two items. Neither did the results show any significant differences between teachers who are beginners in using computers and the internet and teachers who are advanced. This could be because beginner users of computers and the internet have the same motivation as the advances users pertaining to teaching.Originality/valueThere must be an extensive training for teachers on how to use Web 2.0 tools to enhance their teaching. Infrastructure for the internet should be available so that teachers can use Web 2.0 without worrying about the technology infrastructure at their schools. More research studies should be conducted regarding the use of Web 2.0 by teachers and students alike. A qualitative and quantitative method of data collection should be used when investigating different aspects of Web 2.0. A comparison between K-12 teachers and higher education faculty members should be conducted pertaining to the use of Web 2.0 for education. A comparison study between pre-service and in-service teachers should be conducted to investigate Web 2.0 tools for educational and personal purposes.

To achieve learning objectives, the enthusiasm of students has an existence that cannot be negotiated, its nature is inherent. This is because the learning process requires awareness and mental readiness that requires a desire or encouragement to learn. In practice, factually, in Islamic religious education, learners from non-Muslim families and converts have its challenges. This reality can be found as is the case in SMAN 16 and SMAN 17 Surabaya city. This study aims to identify the characteristics of learning motivation through the approach of learning psychology. Researchers conduct interviews and in-depth observations in natural setting situations through qualitative research methods with a case study approach. This method aims to describe, analyze phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, perceptions, and thoughts of individual people. The study found that: First, the problem in the motivation of learning Islamic Education, both mualaf and non-Muslim family students concerning psychic aspects, methods of spending and materials that are too "overdosed" for the size of beginners. Problems like this, can be minimized if the teacher correctly understands the learners' characteristics, plans a mature learning, and uses fun media. Second, the problem of learning motivation in Islamic Education, which includes extrinsic and intrinsic aspects, can be overcome if the teacher acts not only as a conveyor of knowledge but also as a source of inspiration and motivation. Thus, teachers can become trendsetters of science, morality, and inspiration for their students. Increased learning motivation is therefore, not only packaged for “how to know” but also “how to do and feel.”

The number of non-academic adults who need English as a second language (ESL) classes is ever increasing, yet little is known about the instructional practices used to teach this population of learners. The focus of this article is to describe an exploratory single case study of the instructional practices used by teachers in a nonacademic adult English as a second language (NAESL) program. Specifically, the study looked at vocabulary instruction teachers employed with beginner-level adult ESL students. The data was collected using questionnaires, classroom observations, and post-observation interviews with the teachers. The findings show that teachers used two categories of activities to teach vocabulary: oral vocabulary activities and written vocabulary activities. It is significant that not only did the participants use twice as many written vocabulary activities as oral vocabulary activities in their NAESL classrooms, but they did not identify written vocabulary activities and oral vocabulary activities as addressing different language skills. Considering the importance of listening and speaking as entry-level language skills, NAESL teachers need to become aware of the importance of the distinction between these two types of instructional activities and the need to focus more instructional time to building and strengthening listening and speaking as these basic, necessary communication skills.

Using O’Dowd and Ritter’s (2006) Inventory of Reasons for Failed Communication in Telecollaborative Projects as a barometer, this article details the considerations and procedures followed in a task-based, asynchronous email tele-collaboration project between EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners in Japan and Chile. In a climate where current research surrounding telecollaboration continues to gravitate toward the dual foci of intercultural communicative competence and multimodal technology, this article exemplifies how the adoption of a task-based framework can greatly assist the induction of beginner-level EFL students into a telecollaborative learning environment. It also encourages EFL and ESL (English as a Second Language) teachers throughout the world to seek task designs that will help them do the same. The project experienced its share of logistical and technical challenges but by adopting the currently unconventional stance of designing tasks that highlight individual identity and downplay cultural identity the project appeared to minimize intercultural tension, unmanageable levels of incomprehensibility and inability to arrive at task outcomes.Utilisant l’article de O’Dowd et Ritter (2006) Inventory of Reasons for Failed Communication in Telecollaborative Projects comme baromètre, cet article décrit en détail les considérations et les procédures d’un projet de télécollaboration asynchrone, par courriel et basé sur les tâches entre des apprenants d’anglais langue étrangère (ALE) au Japon et au Chili. Dans le climat actuel où la recherche portant sur la télécollaboration continue à se tourner vers la compétence communicative interculturelle et la technologie multimodale, cet article démontre les bienfaits significatifs d’adopter un cadre basé sur les tâches pour accueillir les élèves débutants en ALE dans un milieu d’apprentissage télécollaboratif. L’article encourage également les enseignants d’ALE et d’ALS partout au monde à rechercher des tâches qui les aideront à en faire autant. Le projet a connu sa part de défis logistiques et techniques, mais en adoptant la position originale de concevoir des tâches qui soulignent l’identité individuelle et diminuent l’identité culturelle, il semble avoir minimisé la tension interculturelle, l’incompréhensibilité et l’incapacité à arriver aux résultats voulus.

Media is the one of tools that can help teacher in teaching and learning process in a class, especially in EFL classrooms. There are two kinds of media, such as visual and audio.In this article, the writer wants to use video as media in teaching-learning process, especially videos in YouTube. YouTube isn’t only have about fun videos, in YouTube can also use as learning media, in there we also can find so many education videos in every level, start from beginner, intermediate, and also for advanced level. In line with that, the writer wants to give video about how to make or do something or the other word we can say it “procedure”. The learning outcome is to make the students know about procedure text, especially in how to make and how to identify. Then, this article also wants to know YouTube is useful or not as learning media if we make it to support us in teaching and learning process.

The present study investigates how beginner adult students of Lithuanian as a foreign language assign natural gender to nouns. The grammatical category of gender is a complex phenomenon which belongs to the domains of syntax, morphology and semantics. As far as this paper is concerned, the assignment of grammatical gender is recognised as an academically challenging task to foreign language learners; however, the issue is still under-researched in the studies of Lithuanian as a foreign language.The aim of this study is to examine whether the beginner adult learners of Lithuanian as a foreign language rely on semantic or morphological clues when assigning natural gender, to identify the difficulties they encounter and the reasons for the difficulties. The paper analyses how learners assign natural gender to the nouns when their morphological and semantic clues conform, how they deal with gender conflict and how they assign indefinite gender to nouns.15 Vilnius University students, who attended courses on Lithuanian as a foreign language, were asked to participate in an experimental task, which consisted of assigning a masculine or feminine pronoun to 50 different nouns. The participants were provided with both morphological form of a noun and its visual representation, i.e. the students were given pictures reflecting a biological sex of the referents. The empirical analysis of the material was based on the method of error analysis.The results of the study have revealed that the beginner learners of Lithuanian as a foreign language tended to rely more on semantic than morphological clues when assigning natural gender. As expected, most errors were made when the learners had to deal with gender conflict. It was also established that the participants of the experimental task performed worse on marked plural forms of nouns than on unmarked singular forms. Finally, it turned out that the learners made more errors when they had to assign gender to unknown nouns, which showed that they had not been prepared to use semantic or morphological clues for the purpose of identifying the gender of unknown words. Since a relatively small number of learners were involved in the study, its insights should be confirmed by further research. The study might be relevant to researchers of foreign language acquisition and foreign language teachers.

ResumoRelatamos uma pesquisa que buscou compreender dificuldades nos anos iniciais da docência no ensino de Matemática por professoras egressas da Pedagogia. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com duas docentes e informações da ementa da disciplina que abordou conteúdos matemáticos na formação inicial. A metodologia do estudo é qualitativa e a análise ocorreu à luz de um referencial teórico que contemplou questões ligadas à formação matemática das professoras e o começo da carreira. Identificamos problemas no conhecimento específico dos conteúdos matemáticos no decorrer do curso de formação inicial, o que pode acarretar em desafios na iniciação profissional.Palavras-chave: Formação inicial; Início da docência; Conteúdos matemáticos.Teaching beginners difficulties in the process of teaching of contents mathematicalAbstractWe report a study that sought to understand difficulties in the early years of teaching in the teaching of mathematics by teacher’s graduates of Pedagogy. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with two teachers and menu information of discipline addressed mathematical content in the initial training. The methodology of the study is qualitative and the analysis took place in light of a theoretical framework that included questions related to mathematical training of teachers and career start. We identify problems in specific knowledge of the mathematical content during the initial training course, which may result in challenges in professional training.Keywords: Basic training; Beginning of teaching; Mathematical contents.

This study aims to identify the relationship between the developmental hierarchy in the acquisition of Arabic as a second language (Arabic L2) and formal classroom instruction. It provides a general presentation of the current debate on the influence of formal instruction in the acquisition of L2. Special attention is given to the subset of Processability Theory (PT) known as Teachability Theory, and its implications for teaching methods of L2 in general and Arabic L2 in particular. This study also provides descriptive information on teaching objectives and materials used by the participants to study Arabic L2. This information is presented in order to establish an explanation for the connection between the formal teaching of Arabic L2 and the processability hierarchy. Participants were nine students studying Arabic as a second language at the Australian National University (three Beginners, three Intermediates, and three Advanced). Interviews were conducted over a period of two teaching semesters during the year 2005. Both implicational and distributional analyses were conducted. The results of these analyses show that teachers and curriculum developers should consider the PT’s predicted developmental stages for Arabic L2 structures when developing teaching materials and syllabus.

AbstractStudies indicate positive effects of interprofessional collaboration on the quality of health care. Interprofessional academic education of health care professionals is crucial for successful cooperation, although Terizakis & Gehring (2014, p. 24) state «a genuine understanding of interprofessional teaching […] hasn't developed yet.» The undefined usage of terminology and coexisting interprofessional study programs are only one part of the problem. Further consented interprofessional learning concepts and systematic knowledge regarding competencies and teaching experiences are lacking. The WHO (2010, pp. 27 f) recommends lecturers to generate a common understanding of interprofessionality. At Hamburg University of Applied Sciences a part-time study program in interprofessional health care and management started in September 2015. It was designed as a continuing education program for occupational-, physio-, and speech therapists, nurses and midwives. As a preparation for the program focus group discussions with staff members of the department „Pfege & Management» were conducted. The aim was to investigate their understanding of interprofessionality, learning and teaching. The results indicated a contextual understanding of interprofessionality, although the usage of the terminology remains blurred. The tension of a congruent interprofessional learning concept is to enhance scientific reflection of disciplines, as well as strengthening interprofessional aspects. Regarding the change in demands of the health care system, interprofessional collaboration is seen as a major resource. The research gap on disciplinary orientations in terms of enhancing professional identity on the one and interprofessionality as innovative construct on the other hand has to be filled.

The analysis of modern literature revealed the lack of scientifically based training system for sumo wrestlers of various ages and qualifications, including for the early training phase. The purpοse of the study: to identify indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Research objectives: 1) to study the issue of optimization of the initial training stage for children involved in sumo wrestling, 2) to study the indicators of psycho-physiological peculiarities of children aged 7-9, 3) to identify promising areas for using the data obtained to increase the effectiveness of the training process of the beginners. Methods and organization of the research: analysis of scientific literature; pedagogical observations of training activities; methods of psychological diagnosis ("Psychodiagnostics" program); methods of mathematical statistics. We carried out pedagogical observations of the training activities of children aged 7-10 in Samara. The research included testing of psycho-physiological indicators of 18 children aged 7-9, with 1-2 years of total training experience. We carried out the study of indicators of psycho-physiological qualities of children at the initial stage of training. Results and discussion. Pedagogical observations of the training activities of children have revealed a number of problems occurring at the initial training stage. Due to the lack of a unified concept of multi-year sumo training, different teachers and trainers implement various approaches to the activity management. They use various techniques to control the parameters of physical fitness and training activities. Training programs do not consider the psycho-physiological characteristics of children. It reduces the efficiency of training programs and primary selection. The research substantiated the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Conclusion. Training programs at the initial stage disregard the following major principles connected with this stage: provision of comprehensive training, gradual increase of physical efforts together with its effective control, study of psychological characteristics of children. We identified the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. The obtained materials can be used as guidelines for monitoring the level of manifestation of the psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9.

Abstract In the contexts where English is taught as a foreign language, especially to beginners, project-based learning is often perceived as complicated to implement and difficult to assess. This Indonesian research was inspired by the need to address those misgivings. First, a project-based model for practical learning activities in EFL classes was created using a research and development design. In this stage, a careful reading to the English as a Foreign Language curriculum for junior high school students was conducted in an attempt to identify the topics, basic competencies, and indicators of success. Based on the results of the curriculum analysis, a careful development of project-based learning tasks was carried out. This article first of all described how the learning materials were developed with reference to the results of curriculum analysis and characteristics of learners. The developed materials were then sent to expert judges to check for relevance, readability and quality of the materials. In the next stage, the materials were tried out in three junior high schools in Bali, Indonesia, to further check the readability and practicability of the product as a teaching and learning innovation. Finally, after a revision to the materials, a quasi-experiment involving 36 students, was conducted in a school to examine the impact of project-based learning on students’ productive skills in English as well as on their attitudes towards learning the language. The data collection method used during the quasi experiment included: classroom observation, interviews with teachers and students, and a questionnaire. The overall impact of the implementation was evaluated using a t-test formula. It was found that project-based learning caused consistent improvement in the abilities to speak (monologue and dialogue) and to write (on a topic of students’ own choice). In addition, it was observable that project-based learning has an impact on students’ positive attitudes toward learning the foreign language. This was indicated by the motivation, enthusiasm, and excitement on the part of the students during the process of planning, working on a project, as well as on the assessment procedures.

ResumoNão são raros os professores de Matemática que identificam dificuldades nos estudantes, iniciantes do Ensino Médio, em compreenderem a função polinomial do 1º grau. Assim, o presente artigo disserta sobre uma das atividades investigativas, que compõe uma dissertação de mestrado, desenvolvida com 26 alunos dispostos em grupos colaborativos, envolvendo a referida função. A pesquisa, na modalidade qualitativa, foi apoiada por uma observação participante na qual questionou-se: como os estudantes do 1º ano do curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio possibilitam o ensino e aprendizagem da função afim ao explorarem, de modo colaborativo, uma atividade investigativa? Nesse sentido, objetivou-se possibilitar o ensino e aprendizagem da função polinomial do 1º grau envolvendo estudantes em grupos colaborativos. Nessa consecução, os discentes vivenciaram os quatro momentos de investigação matemática vistos em Ponte, Brocardo e Oliveira (2013). Para assegurar os resultados das discussões os dados foram registrados no caderno de campo do mediador, caderno de anotações dos grupos, gravador de áudio e voz e fotografias. Verificou-se que a questão e o objetivo proposto foram alcançados. Assim, constatou-se que os estudantes criaram ideias que os levaram a elaborar e promover ensino e aprendizagem sobre a função afim. Palavras-chave: Investigação Matemática. Função Afim. Trabalho Colaborativo.AbstractIt is not uncommon the Math teachers identify difficulties in the students, high school beginners, who misunderstand the first degree polynomial function. So, this article discusses one of the investigative activities which compose a master’s degree dissertation developed with 26 students organized in collaborative groups, involving the aforementioned function. The research, in the qualitative approach, was supported for a participant observation in which was questioned: how do the high professional school students in Technician in Farming enable the teaching and learning of the first degree function when they explore an investigative activity collaboratively? In this sense, one focused on enabling the teaching and learning of the first degree polynomial function involving students in collaborative groups. In this achievement, students experienced the four moments of the Mathematics investigation seen in Ponte, Brocardo and Oliveira (2013). To assure the results of the discussion, the data were recorded in the mediator’s field notebook, notebooks from the groups, audio and voice recording and pictures. One checked that both the question and proposed objective were achieved. Thus, one found that students created ideas that took them to work out and promote the teaching and learning about the function of the first degree. Keywords: Mathematics Investigation. Function of the First Degree. Collaborative work.

AbstrakSejalan dengan derasnya perkembangan era disrupsi teknologi revolusi industri 4.0, pembelajaran bahasa asing dituntut untuk mempunyai standar tingkat penguasaan sebagai acuan pengukuran kemahiran. Standar yang digunakan di Eropa dan diadaptasi di seluruh dunia yaitu Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Standar CEFR level B2 merupakan standar minimal lulusan program studi kebahasaan pada Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Jakarta (FBS UNJ). Sementara dalam konteks penguasaan bahasa Mandarin, secara khusus digunakan acuan Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai kesetaraan HSK I-IV dengan CEFR pada keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kesetaraan antara HSK dengan CEFR pada keterampilan berbicara dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Materi ajar keterampilan berbicara HSK level I setara dengan CEFR 0 hingga level A1, HSK level II setara dengan CEFR level A2, HSK level III setara dengan CEFR level A2 hingga B1, sedangkan HSK level IV setara dengan CEFR level B1; (2) Materi soal HSKK level dasar setara dengan CEFR 0 hingga level A2, HSKK level menengah setara dengan CEFR level A2 hingga B1.Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi Asosiasi Program Studi Mandarin Indonesia (APSMI) dalam mengusulkan kesetaraan HSK dengan CEFR versi pengajar bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia, seperti yang telah diajukan Hanban dan Asosiasi Guru Bahasa Mandarin di Prancis dan Jerman. Hasil penelitian mengenai kesetaraan HSK dengan CEFR ini juga mempertegas perwujudan mutu dan jati diri bangsa dalam kaitan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) yang sedang dikembangkan secara nasional. Peneliti menyarankan APSMI agar mengambil peran dalam mengembangkan sebuah standar pendidikan bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia, terutama standar kompetensi pendidikan dan pelatihan bahasa Mandarin secara nasional di bidang-bidang tertentu yang memerlukan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin.Kata Kunci: Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, CEFR, Keterampilan Berbicara, Bahasa Mandarin AbstractThe rapid flow development of the era of technological disruption in the industrial revolution 4.0, foreign language learning required to have a standard level of mastery as a reference to measure proficiency. The standard used in Europe and adapted throughout the world is the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). CEFR level B2 standard is a minimum standard for graduates of language study programs at the Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Jakarta (FBS UNJ). While in the context of mastering Mandarin, specifically the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) reference is used. This paper will discuss HSK equality with CEFR in Mandarin speaking skills.Based on the results of the study, the equality between HSK and CEFR on speaking skills can be concluded as follows: (1) Teaching materials on speaking skills for HSK level I is equivalent to CEFR 0 to level A1; HSK level II is equivalent to CEFR level A2; HSK level III is equivalent to CEFR level A2 to B1; while HSK level IV is equivalent to CEFR level B1; (2) Proficiency Test Material for HSKK beginner level is equivalent to CEFR 0 to level A2; HSKK for intermediate level is equivalent to CEFR level A2 to B1. The results of this study can be the basis for the Association of Indonesian Mandarin Study Programs (APSMI) in proposing Indonesian version of HSK correspondend to the level of CEFR, as already asserted by Hanban, also by French and German Associations of Chinese Language Teachers. The results of this research also reinforce the realization of quality and national identity in relation to the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (KKNI), which is being developed nationally. The researcher suggests that APSMI take a role in developing a standard of Mandarin language education in Indonesia, especially the national competency standard of Mandarin education and training in certain fields that require Mandarin speaking skills.Keywords: Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, CEFR, Speaking Skills, Mandarin

Background. Actuality of the research theme. The awareness of the importance of mastering the treasures of the native language is dictated by the rapid development of modern Ukrainian statehood. The problems of artistic culture are very acute today, and the educational role of national literature, theater, cinema, broadcasting, television in modern society is increasing. One of the ways of forming a linguistic culture is the constant contact of the country’s population with the artistic word presented at the appropriate professional level. Therefore, the professional skill of the artist-actor as the bearer of the artistic word and the direct interpreter of cultural values embodied in the artistic work becomes of great importance as a means of fulfilling this vital aesthetic-educational mission. Thus, the study of the process of improving the actor’s professional skills of the stage language, the ways of optimizing of modern education in this field seems very relevant. Analysis of recent publications on the research topic. The problems of the culture of speech, the expressiveness of the oral word, the creative nature of the artistic language and its contemporary sound on the stage are highlighted in many scientific works of theatrical teachers, linguists and theatrical scholars, psychologists and sociologists. The special investigations in the field of stage language in recent years are the works of the practitioners of artistic word, the Ukrainian actors and teachers R. Cherkashin, Yu. Sheyko, L. Vazhniova, A. Gladysheva and others. So, Yu. Sheyko pays much attention to the norms of Ukrainian oral literary speech, and insists on the need for the development of the intelligence of a contemporary actor. As the techniques of speech are an integral part of the learning process, the tutorials of L. Vazhniova and A. Gladysheva are devoted to the development of skills of high-artistic embodiment of the work. However, the special studies devoted to the formation of actor voice skills as part of the process of understanding the important role of punctuation marks in the artistic interpretation of the work were not carried out. Methodology, goals, objectives, practical value of the research. The combination of training and creative aspects of the theory and practice of the stage language requires a great deal of methodological flexibility. The proposed article, devoted to the improvement of the actor’s educational activity on mastering the skills of the stage language, uses a complex methodological base, which combines a wide cultural and highly specialized, purely methodical, approaches to the analysis of the process of work on the acquisition of practical skills of the stage language. The first involves entering adjoining artistic spheres – literary and musical; the second refers to concrete – to the practice of stage action. Their combination allows us to construct an optimal algorithm for the work of the actor over the interpretation of artistic text within the framework of the study, which is his goal. Such an algorithm, aimed at perfect mastering the heights of professional skill, can be used successfully in the acting practice of the stage speech. The results of the study. The article emphasizes the importance of the stage of analytical work with literary text, both in a broad historical and stylistic context, and in details, in order to “appropriate” the position of author of the work and, further, create self-own actor’s interpretation. A versatile analysis of the text, preparing it for reading, can be done in this way. 1. Determine the type of work – is this the entire work or a fragment; if this is a fragment, then what is exactly? (Excerpt from the poem, a passage from the ballad, prose, etc.). 2. Having defined the species, it is necessary to give the work the cultural and historical characteristic (at what time it is written, to which national culture belongs, on which social ground it arose, what is the outlook and life positions of the author of the text and peculiarities of his work, the place of work in the author’s creativity, the distinctive features the era in which the author worked, and the one about which the work tells, is the text original or translated etc.). 3. To carry out the ideological-thematic and plot analysis of the work, to determine its main idea, to disclose in connection with it the logical content of the text, to determine what kind of plot vicissitudes prevail. 4. To analyze, how much the author turns to sensual, visual, auditory phenomena. 5. Identify and “view” the spectacular content of the text. 6. It is necessary to understand what the form of a work is, which stylistic and author’s techniques are used to create an artistic whole. 7. On the basis of such a detailed analysis, one should check the first impression of the whole and redefine the content-like structure of the work. 8. Determine the personal attitude to the work. 9. To work on the “vision” of the text. 10. Based on our findings and in depth study of the work, we should outline the line of the dynamic and tempo-rhythmic interpretation of the work. Assistants of the actor in the awareness of the author’s intention become punctuation marks, which also mark the way to artistic expression of speech. Like a musician, an actor should distinguish them by intonation: by changing pitch, volume, tempo, rhythm of speech. Therefore, in our opinion, the creative using of analogies with musical syntax (pauses, leagues, rubato, etc.) and with performing touches of a musician (legato, marcato, etc.) is appropriate in working on the stage speech. The next key point in creating a convincing stage interpretation is his own acting “visions” (K. Stanislavsky’s term), which the performer creates in his imagination based on his previous sensual, intellectual, life experience. Tied to a verbal text, they make it possible for an actor to experience an emotoin of such a force that is able to establish “feedback” with the audience at the time of the stage embodiment of the work. Conclusions and perspectives of the research. The presence of a “feedback” with audience is a prerequisite for the fact that the stage speech, as a special kind of literary language and, at the same time, a socially prestigious form of communication, forms a linguistic culture. It is inextricably linked with the development of society and is the bearer of language traditions of the people. Therefore, the prospects of studying the speech art are seen in the ways of its improvement: the creative decision of the main tasks of the course of the stage speech, the most important of which is a full and meaningful presentation to the audience of art intention through a set of skills aimed at voice expressiveness, precision of diction and clarity of pronunciation in the process of theatrical communication. Punctuation is the way to expressive speech. Punctuation marks discipline our language, and this must be remembered by everyone – students, actors, everyone who is working on a language, because excessive hastiness is the greatest enemy of beginners.

In this qualitative case study, we explored the experiences of beginner teachers who chose two different routes-full-time and part-time studying-on the journey to becoming teachers and we report on the influences of this choice on their emergent beginner teacher identities. We purposefully selected two groups of participants, each consisting of three who studied full-time and three who studied part-time. The latter worked part-time at schools or in similar educational contexts while they were studying. Epistemologically underpinned by the interpretivist paradigm, we employed the Possible Selves theory (Marcus & Nurius, 1986) as the theoretical lens. Inductive thematic analysis of data demonstrated three main themes. First, data showed a distinct divergence between the perceptions of initial beginner teacher identity states in the two groups of participants. Second, both groups of participants agreed that time is a significant factor in the complex psychological processes required for the construction of a beginner teacher identity. Third, both groups strongly considered practical experience as an essential factor for beginner teacher identity development.

This article focuses on the professional identity formation of six beginner teachers (three in early childhood education and three in the foundation phase), involved in the teaching of Mathematics, Science and Technology (MST). Attention is in particular being paid to the role of professional identity in how they applied innovative teaching methods such as enquiry-based teaching. The study is based on the personal narratives of the six teachers, regarding their own learning experiences in MST, the impact of their professional training at an institution of higher education, as well as their first experiences as MST teachers in the workplace. A qualitative research design was applied and data was obtained through visual (photo collages) and written stories, observation and interviews. Whilst all the teachers held negative attitudes towards Mathematics, this situation was turned around during their university training. The three teachers in early childhood education experienced their entrance to the profession as positive, due mainly to the support of colleagues in their application of innovative teaching methods. Two teachers in the foundation phase, however, experienced the opposite. The findings emphasise the complex processes in the moulding of a professional teacher identity and how teaching practices are influenced by these processes.

The quality of initial education, the professional affirmation of beginners, extensive work experience, favourable professional climate, work motivation and continuous professional development are the prerequisites for successful work of today’s teachers. Initial teacher education is the main requirement for ensuring teacher’s professional competence in teaching, however, their professional self-actualization can only be achieved by means of continuous and lifelong development of professional competences, both through individual and institutional professional development. The paper discusses the formal, institutionalised professional development of teachers in the field of music pedagogy through content analysis of accredited programmes for professional development of teachers. Our aim is to analyze the scope of music pedagogy content in accredited programmes for professional development of teachers and identify teacher participation in those programmes. In that regard, the subject of our study are accredited programmes represented in the catalogues of programmes for continuous professional development of teachers, preschool teachers and technical associates, issued by the Institute for the Improvement of Education, as well as in the Professional Development Database of the Centre for Professional Development of Education Professionals. The research is based on the implementation of a descriptive method. The sample comprises 9 official catalogues, published between 2006 and 2018. Research results show that in this period, the total selection of teacher education programmes gradually increased, but the inclusion and participation of teachers in the programmes dedicated to professional development in the field of music pedagogy has been limited.

This study aimed to describe: 1) the implementation of learning to read-write for the beginners 2) to identify the influences factors, and 3) how to solve those factors of influences. The populations were students and one classroom teacher of SDN Cinderejo Surakarta. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Sampling determined through purposive sampling technique. The results of the study concluded: 1) RWB learning component involves students, teachers, objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation. Various components are interrelated. 2) Barriers to learning RWB included the internal and external obstacles. (3) To overcome internal barriers were done through learning process, while external barriers pursued through the outside component of the learning process in the classroom RWB.

This study aims to investigate the role of instructional scaffolding in developing problem-solving skills in melodic improvisation among beginner piano students. Three action research cycles were implemented to identify the effectiveness of scaffolding instructions. The process of measuring students’ problem-solving skills in improvisation is audio-recorded and further transcribed onto music scores in the third action research cycle for data analysis. The findings showed a positive development and improvement in the students’ problem-solving skills and filled the knowledge void for music teachers to plan and teach music improvisation progressively. These findings were helpful for music teachers to implement future musical tasks in creative activities.

Asking activity is a form of class interaction that needs attention. With the asking activity, it can increase the questioner’s knowledge. This study aimed to identify the questions form that filed by teachers and students in the classroom following the framework of thinking mandated in the revised Bloom Taxonomy and to explore the problems faced by lecturers in implementing the HOTS-based learning process. This study used qualitative methods by applying observation sheets and interview to collect data. The data analysis of this research used analysis of domain, taxonomy, component, and theme. The results of this study indicate that lecturers and students have applied the principles of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) from core learning activities to final learning activities. The form of the question is in level C4 (Analyzing), C5 (Evaluating), and C6 (Creating), but in the form of Creating questions, students still need to increase the frequency in asking. The problem faced is the difficulty in stimulating students who can answer and ask questions at level C6 in HOTS. Therefore, lecturers also try to overcome these problems by implementing strategies in the learning process.

de Lint, Charles. Wildlings Book 1: Under My Skin. Toronto: Razorbill Canada, 2012. Print. This Young Adult fantasy begins in present day Santa Feliz, California. The story unfolds through two voices, Josh and Marina, who are best friends. This school year, each character has become a Wildling, someone who shape shifts from human to animal form. As more and more local teens are becoming Wildlings overnight, government and corporate organizations move in to lock down the situation. Josh’s quest is to make sure any external interest has good intentions, and Marina’s journey is more about acceptance and making sure that Wildlings are treated with respect. Both Josh and Marina are caught up in the movement as different factions of Wildlings compete for their attention. Some come across as eco-warriors, while others explore the spiritual blessing nature of shape shifting and other natural gifts. Every single adult and teen group involved in the Wilding phenomenon has a different agenda, and neither Josh nor Marina can identify where they belong. Instead, Josh is singled out as a natural leader, as his animal self, the mountain lion, is one of the oldest animal clans known. Marina’s intentions of aiding the Wildling cause confuse her as she has to choose between the cause and her own dreams. The alternating voices in each chapter allow the reader to understand the perspectives more deeply. This novel is a familiar story of teens being misunderstood as they go through their quest for identity. The shape shifter motif allows the author a way to explore questions of identity in sexuality, race and belief. As the shape shifter story is now a popular culture meme, this puts Under My Skin clearly in a fantasy category for beginners. The book ends as Josh and Marina escape their first test of Wildling experimentation leaving room for the proposed sequel to take place. The story hints briefly at stirrings of sexuality and the violence is dramatic but not overdone. This novel’s realistic and modern setting will appeal to most any reader who is ready to dabble in the fantastic. Readers who are more experienced with the genre may find de Lint’s explanations of fantastical elements to be juvenile. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Alanna King Alanna King is a Masters student in the Teacher-Librarianship through Distance Learning Program at the University of Alberta.

04–117Al-Jarf, Reima S. (King Saud U., Saudi Arabia). The effects of web-based learning on struggling EFL college writers. Foreign Language Annals (New York, USA), 37, 1 (2004), 49–57.04–118Basturkmen, Helen (University of Auckland, New Zealand; Email: h.basturkmen@auckland.ac.nz). Specificity and ESP course design. RELC Journal (Singapore), 34, 1 (2003), 48–63.04–119Basturkmen, H., Loewen, S. and Ellis, R. (U. of Auckland, New Zealand Email: h.basturkmen@auckland.ac.nz). Teachers' stated beliefs about incidental focus on form and their classroom practices. Applied Linguistics (Oxford, UK), 25, 2 (2004), 243–72.04–120Benson, Barbara E. (Piedmont College, Georgia, USA). Framing culture within classroom practice: culturally relevant teaching. Action in Teacher Education (Alexandria, Virginia, USA), 25, 2 (2003), 16–22.04–121Blanche, Patrick (U. of California, Davis, USA; Email: blanche@kumagaku.ac.jp). Using dictations to teach pronunciation. Modern English Teacher (London, UK), 13, 1 (2004), 30–36.04–122Budimlic, Melisa (Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany). Zur Konzeption und Entwicklung interdisziplinärer Lernprogramme am Beispiel eines Lernmodules zur Psycholinguistik. [The concept and development of an interdisciplinary learning programme. An example of a module in psycholinguistics] Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada), Online Journal, 9, 1 (2004), 12 pp.04–123Cajkler, Wasyl (U. of Leicester, UK; Email: wc4@le.ac.uk). How a dead butler was killed: the way English national strategies maim grammatical parts. Language and Education (Clevedon, UK), 18, 1 (2004), 1–16.04–124Calvin, Lisa M. & Rider, N. Ann (Indiana State U., USA). Not your parents' language class: curriculum revision to support university language requirements. Foreign Language Annals (New York, USA), 37, 1 (2004), 11–25.04–125Carrier, Karen A. (Northern Illinois University, USA). Improving high school English language learners' second language listening through strategy instruction. Bilingual Research Journal (Arizona, USA), 27, 3 (2003), 383–408.04–126Christie, Frances (Universities of Melbourne and Sydney, Australia; Email: fhchri@unimelb.edu.au). English in Australia. RELC Journal (Singapore) 34, 1 (2003), 100–19.04–127Drobná, Martina (Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany). Konzeption von Online-Lerneinheiten für den Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache am Beispiel des Themas ‘Auslandsstudium in Deutschland’. [The concept of an online learning unit ‘Studying in Germany’ for German as a foreign language]. Zeitschrift für Iinterkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht (Edmonton, Canada) Online Journal, 9, 1 (2004), 17 pp.04–128Ellis, Rod (University of Auckland, New Zealand; Email: r.ellis@auckland.ac.nz). Designing a task-based syllabus. RELC Journal (Singapore) 34, 1 (2003), 64–81.04–129Giambo, D. & McKinney, J. (University of Miami, USA) The effects of a phonological awareness intervention on the oral English proficiency of Spanish-speaking kindergarten children. TESOL Quarterly (Alexandria, Virginia, USA), 38, 1 (2004), 95–117.04–130Goodwyn, Andrew (Reading University, UK). The professional identity of English teachers. English in Australia (Norwood, Australia), 139 (2004), 122–30.04–131Hu, Guangwei (Nanyang Technological U., Singapore; Email: gwhu@nie.edu.sg). English language teaching in China: regional differences and contributing factors. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (Clevedon, UK), 24, 4 (2003), 290–318.04–132Jacobs, George M. (JF New Paradigm Education, Singapore; Email: gmjacobs@pacific.net.sg) and Farrell, Thomas S. C. Understanding and implementing the communicative language teaching paradigm. RELC Journal (Singapore) 34, 1 (2003), 5–30.04–133Janks, Hilary (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa). The access paradox. English in Australia (Norwood, Australia), 139 (2004), 33–42.04–134Kim, Jeong-ryeol (Korea National U. of Education, South Korea; Email: jrkim@knue.ac.kr). Using mail talk to improve English speaking skills. English Teaching (Anseonggun, South Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 349–69.04–135Kim, Nahk-Bohk (Chungnam National University, South Korea). An investigation into the collocational competence of Korean high school EFL learners. English Teaching (Anseonggun, South Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 225–48.04–136Kormos, Judit & Dénes, Mariann (Eötvös Loránd U., Hungary; Email: kormos.j@chello.hu). Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners. System (Oxford, UK), 32, 2 (2004), 145–64.04–137Lee, Jin Kyong (Seoul National U., South Korea). The acquisition process of yes/no questions by ESL learners and its pedagogical implications. English Teaching (Anseonggun, South Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 205–24.04–138Levine, Glenn S. (U. of California, Irvine, USA). Global simulation: a student-centered, task-based format for intermediate foreign language courses. Foreign Language Annals (New York, USA), 37, 1 (2004), 26–36.04–139Littlemore, Jeannette (U. of Birmingham, UK; Email: j.m.littlemore@bham.ac.uk). Using clipart and concordancing to teach idiomatic expressions. Modern English Teacher (London, UK), 13, 1 (2004), 17–44.04–140Llurda, Enric (Email: ellurda@dal.udl.es) and Huguet, Ángel (Universitat de Lleida, Spain). Self-awareness in NNS EFL Primary and Secondary school teachers. Language Awareness (Clevedon, UK), 12, 3&4 (2003), 220–33.04–141Lochtman, Katja (Vrije U., Belgium; Email: katja.lochtman@vub.ac.be). Oral corrective feedback in the foreign language classroom: how it affects interaction in analytic foreign language teaching. International Journal of Educational Research (Abingdon, UK), 37 (2002), 271–83.04–142Mackey, Alison (Georgetown U., USA; Email: mackeya@georgetown.edu). Beyond production: learners' perceptions about interactional processes. International Journal of Educational Research (Abingdon, UK), 37 (2002), 379–94.04–143Maiwald, Cordula (Passau, Germany). Zeitverstehen und Tempusformen im Deutschen – eine Herausforderung im Fremdsprachenunterricht. [The concept of time and German tenses – a challenge for a foreign language classroom] Jahrbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Munich, Germany), 29 (2003), 287–302.04–144McKay, Sandra Lee (San Francisco State U., USA; Email: 2slmckay@attbi.com). EIL curriculum development. RELC Journal (Singapore), 34, 1 (2003), 31–47.04–145Na, Yoon-Hee and Kim, Sun-Joo (U. of Texas at Austin, USA; Email: yhena@mail.utexas.edu). Critical literacy in the EFL classroom. English Teaching (Anseonggun, Korea), 58, 3 (2003), 143–63.04–146Nettelbeck, David (Whitefriars College, Australia). ICT and the re-shaping of literacy. A secondary classroom perspective. English in Australia (Norwood, Australia), 139 (2004), 68–77.04–147Park, Mae-Ran (Pukyong National U., South Korea; Email: mrpark@pknu.ac.kr) and Suh, Kang-Oak. An analysis of Korean high school English textbooks under the 7th curriculum. English Teaching (Anseonggun, South Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 319–47.04–148Peters, George F. (Michigan State U., USA). Kulturexkurse: a model for teaching deeper German culture in a proficiency-based curriculum. Die Unterrichtspraxis (Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA) 36, 2 (2003), 121–34.04–149Plewnia, Albrecht (Mannheim, Germany). Vom Nutzen kontrastiven grammatischen Wissens am Beispiel von Deutsch und Französisch. [The benefits of contrastive grammar knowledge; an example of German and French] Jahrbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Munich, Germany), 29 (2003), 251–86.04–150Prodromou, Luke (Email: luke@spark.net.gr). In search of the successful user of English: how a corpus of non-native speaker language could impact on EFL teaching. Modern English Teacher (London, UK), 12, 2 (2003), 5–14.04–151Rieger, Caroline L. (U. of British Columbia, Canada). Some conversational strategies and suggestions for teaching them. Die Unterrichtspraxis (Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA), 36, 2 (2003), 164–75.04–152Sakui, K. (U. of Auckland, New Zealand). Wearing two pairs of shoes: language teaching in Japan. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 2 (2004), 155–63.04–153Schleppegrell, M., Achugar, M., & Oteíza, T. (University of California, USA). The grammar of history: enhancing content-based instruction through a functional focus on language. TESOL Quarterly (Alexandria, Virginia, USA), 38, 1 (2004), 67–93.04–154Sercu, Lies (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Email: lies.sercu@arts.kuleuven.ac.be). Implementing intercultural foreign language education: Belgian, Danish and British teachers' professional self-concepts and teaching practices compared. Evaluation and Research in Education (Clevedon, UK), 16, 3 (2002), 150–65.04–155Shinwoong, Lee (Hanyang U., South Korea). Korean ESL learners' experiences in computer assisted classroom discussions. English Teaching (Anseonggun, Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 371–95.04–156Sifakis, Nicos C. (Hellenic Open U., Greece; Email: nicossif@hol.gr). TeachingEIL– TeachingInternationalorInterculturalEnglish? What Teachers Should Know. System (Oxford, UK), 32, 2 (2004), 237–50.04–157Simard, Daphnée (Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; Email: simard.daphnee@uqam.ca). Using diaries to promote metalinguistic reflection among elementary school students. Language Awareness (Clevedon, UK), 13, 1 (2004), 34–48.04–158Song, Jeong-Weon (Hanyang U., South Korea). Effects of task-processing conditions on the oral output of post beginners in a narrative task. English Teaching (Anseonggun, Korea), 58, 4 (2003), 249–71.04–159Storch, Neomy (U. of Melbourne, Australia; Email: neomys@unimelb.edu.au). Relationships formed in dyadic interaction and opportunity for learning. International Journal of Educational Research (Abingdon, UK), 37 (2002), 305–22.04–160Tomlinson, Brian and Masuhara, Hitomi (Leeds Metropolitan U., UK; Email: B.Tomlinson@lmu.ac.uk). Developing cultural awareness. Modern English Teacher (London, UK), 13, 1 (2004), 5–12.04–161Towndrow, P. (Nangyang Technological U., Singapore). Reflections of an on-line tutor. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 2 (2004), 174–82.04–162Vilches, Ma. Luz C. (Ateneo do Manila U., Philippines; Email: mvilches@ateneo.edu). Task-based language teaching: the case of EN 10. RELC Journal (Singapore), 34, 1 (2003), 82–99.04–163Willkop, Eva-Maria (Mainz, Germany). Texte im Mitteilungsprozess – Wege durch ein vereinigtes Babylon [Texts in the mediation process – ways through united Babylon] Jahrbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Munich, Germany), 29 (2003), 221–50.

07–20Angelova, Maria (Cleveland State U, USA), Delmi Gunawardena & Dinah Volk, Peer teaching and learning: co-constructing language in a dual language first grade. Language and Education (Mutilingual Matters) 20.2 (2006), 173–190.07–21Ansarin, Ali AkBar (Tabriz U, Iran; aa-ansarin@tabrizu.ac.ir), On availability of conscious knowledge in discrimination of vowel length. RELC Journal (Sage) 37.2 (2006), 249–259.07–22Bent, Tessa (North Western U, USA; t-bent@northwestern.edu), Ann R. Bradlow & Beverly A.Wright, The influence of linguistic experience on the cognitive processing of pitch in speech and nonspeech sounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (American Psychological Association) 32.1 (2006), 97–103.07–23Carpenter, Helen (Georgetown U, USA; carpenth@georgetown.edu), K. Seon Jeon, David MacGregor & Alison Mackey, Learners' interpretations of recasts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.2 (2006), 209–236.07–24Christoffels, Ingrid K. (Maastricht U, the Netherlands), Annette M.B. de Groot & Judith F. Kroll, Memory and language skills in simultaneous interpreters: The role of expertise and language proficiency. Journal of Memory and Language (Elsevier) 54. 3 (2006), 324–345.07–25Comajoan, Llorenç (Middlebury College, USA; lcomajoa@middlebury.edu), The aspect hypothesis: Development of morphology and appropriateness of use. Language Learning (Blackwell) 56.2 (2006), 201–268.07–26Cushion, Steve (London Metropolitan U, UK), A software development approach for computer assisted language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.4 (2005), 273–286.07–27Dodigovic, Marina (American U Sharjah, United Arab Emirates), Vocabulary profiling with electronic corpora: A case study in computer assisted needs analysis. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.5 (2005), 443–455.07–28Ellis, Rod (U Auckland, New Zealand; r.ellis@auckland.ac.nz), Shawn Loewen & Rosemary Erlam, Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar.Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.2 (2006), 339–368.07–29Ewald, Jennifer (Saint Joseph's U, USA), Students' evaluations of dialogue journals: Perspectives on classroom themes. Applied Language Learning (Defense Language Institute) 16.1 (2006), 37–54.07–30Gearon, Margaret (U Monash, Australia; argaret.Gearon@Education.monash.edu.au), L'alternance codique chez les professeurs de francais langue etrangere pendant des lecons orientees vers le developpement des connaissances grammaticales [Code-switching in L2 French teachers in grammatical knowledge classes]. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.3 (2006), 449–467.07–31Goldberg, Erin (U Alberta, Canada), Motivation, ethnic identity, and post-secondary education language choices of graduates of intensive French language programs. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.3 (2006), 423–447.07–32Greidanus, Tine (Vrije U Faculteit der Letteren De Boelelaan, the Netherlands; dt.greidanus@let.vu.nl), Bianca Beks & Richard Wakely, Testing the development of French word knowledge by advanced Dutch- and English-speaking learners and native speakers. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.4 (2006), 509–532.07–33Howard, Martin (U Cork, Ireland), Variation in advanced French interlanguage: A comparison of three (socio)linguistic variables. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.3 (2006), 379–400.07–34Hsieh, Shu-min (Yuanpei Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwan; floramouse@yahoo.com.tw), Problems in preparing for the English impromptu speech contest: The case of Yuanpei Institute of Science and Technology in Taiwan. RELC Journal (Sage) 37.2 (2006), 216–235.07–35Kaschak, Michael, P. (Florida State U., USA) & Jenny R. Saffran, Idiomatic syntactic constructions and language learning. Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Lawrence Erlbaum) 30.1 (2006), 43–63.07–36Kissau, Scott (U Windsor, Canada), Gender differences in motivation to learn French. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.3 (2006), 401–422.07–37Knutson, Elizabeth (U Pennsylvania, USA), Focus on the classroom. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.4 (2006), 591–610.07–38Kobayashi, Yoko (Iwate U, Morioka, Japan), Interethnic relations between ESL students. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (Multilingual Matters) 27.3 (2006), 181–195.07–39Kuhl, Patricia, K. (U Washington, USA; pkkuhl@u.washington.edu), Erica Stevens, Akiko Hayashi, Toshisada Deguchi, Shigeru Kiritani & Paul Iverson, Infants show a facilitation effect for native language phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months. Developmental Science (Blackwell) 9.2 (2006), F13.07–40Ladegaard, Hans. J (U Southern Denmark) & Itesh Sachdev, ‘I like the Americans… but I certainly don't aim for an American accent’: Language attitudes, vitality and foreign language learning in Denmark. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (Multilingual Matters) 27.2 (2006), 91–108.07–41Lafontaine, Marc (U Laval, Canada; marc.lafontaine@lli.ulaval.ca), L'utilisation de stratégies d'apprentissage en fonction de la réussite chez des adolescents apprenant l'anglais langue second [Learning strategy use in relation to success with L2 English adolescents]. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.4 (2006), 533–562.07–42Liao, Posen (National Taipei U, Taiwan; posen@mail.ntpu.edu.tw), EFL learners' beliefs about and strategy use of translation in English learning. RELC Journal (Sage) 37.2 (2006), 191–215.07–43Little, Deborah, M. (U Illinois & U Brandeis, USA; little@uic.edu), Lauren M. Mcgrath, Kristen J. Prentice & Arthur Wingfield, Semantic encoding of spoken sentences: Adult aging and the preservation of conceptual short-term memory. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press) 27.3 (2006), 487–511.07–44Loucky, John Paul (Seinan Women's U, Japan), Combining the benefits of electronic and online dictionaries with CALL web sites to produce effective and enjoyable vocabulary and language learning lessons. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.5 (2005), 389–416.07–45McDonough, Kim (Northern Arizona U, USA; kim.mcdonough@nau.edu), Interaction and syntactic priming: English L2 speakers' production of dative constructions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.2 (2006), 179–207.07–46Milton, James (U Wales Swansea, UK; j.l.milton@swansea.ac.uk), Language lite? Learning French vocabulary in school. Journal of French Language Studies (Cambridge University Press) 16.2 (2006), 187–205.07–47Mohan, Bernard (U British Columbia, Canada; bernard.mohan@ubc.ca) & Tammy Slater, A functional perspective on the critical ‘theory/practice’ relation in teaching language and science. Linguistics and Education (Elsevier) 16.2 (2005), 151–172.07–48O'Brien, Irena (U du Québec à Montréal & Centre for the Study of Learning and Performance, Canada; irena.obrien@gmail.com), Norman Segalowitz, Joe Collentine & Barbara Freed, Phonological memory and lexical, narrative and grammatical skills in second language oral production by adult learners. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press) 27.3 (2006), 377–402.07–49Perry, Conrad, Man-Kit Kan, Stephen Matthews & Richard Kwok-Shing Wong (Hong Kong Institute of Education, China), Syntactic ambiguity resolution and the prosodic foot: Cross-language differences. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press) 27.3 (2006), 301–333.07–50Pica, Teresa (U Pennsylvania, USA; teresap@gse.upenn.edu), Hyun-Sook Kang & Shannon Sauro, Information gap tasks: Their multiple roles and contributions to interaction research methodology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.2 (2006), 301–338.07–51Polio, Charlene (Michigan State U, USA; polio@msu.edu), Susan Gass & Laura Chapin, Using stimulated recall to investigate native speaker perceptions in native-nonnative speaker interaction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.2 (2006), 237–267.07–52Radford, Julie (U London, UK), Judy Ireson & Merle Mahon, Triadic dialogue in oral communication tasks: What are the implications for language learning?Language and Education (Mutilingual Matters) 20.2 (2006), 191–210.07–53Roessingh, Hetty (U Calgary, Canada), The teacher is the key: Building trust in ESL high school programs. The Canadian Modern Language Review (University of Toronto Press) 62.4 (2006), 563–590.07–54Rosell-Aguilar, Fernando (The Open U, UK), Task design for audiographic conferencing: Promoting beginner oral interaction in distance language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.5 (2005), 417–442.07–55Saaristo-Helin, Katri (U Helsinki, Finland; Katri.Saaristo@helsinki.fi), Tuula Savinainen & Sari Kunnari, The phonological mean length of utterance: Methodological challenges from a crosslinguistic perspective. Journal of Child Language (Cambridge University Press) 33.1 (2006), 179–190.07–56Sagarra, Nuria (Pennsylvania State U, USA; sagarra@psu.edu) & Matthew Alba, The key is in the keyword: L2 vocabulary learning methods with beginning learners of Spanish. The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 90.2 (2006), 228–243.07–57Schauer, Gila A. (Lancaster U, UK; g.schauer@lancaster.ac.uk), Pragmatic awareness in ESL and EFL contexts: Contrast and development. Language Learning (Blackwell) 56.2 (2006), 269–318.07–58Sharpe, Tina (Sharpe Consulting, Australia), ‘Unpacking’ scaffolding: Identifying discourse and multimodal strategies that support learning. Language and Education (Mutilingual Matters) 20.2 (2006), 211–231.07–59Simpson, James (U Leeds, UK), Learning electronic literacy skills in an online language learning community. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.4 (2005), 327–345.07–60Smith, Bruce, L. (U Utah, USA; bruce.smith@hsc.utah.edu),Karla K. McGregor & Darcy Demille, Phonological development in lexically precocious 2-year-olds. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press) 27.3 (2006), 355–375.07–61Toth, Paul D. (U Wisconsin-Madison, USA; ptoth@wisc.edu), Processing instruction and a role for output in second language acquisition. Language Learning (Blackwell) 56.2 (2006), 319–385.07–62Trautman, Carol Hamer (U Texas at Dallas/Callier Center, USA; carolt@utdallas.edu) & Pamela Rosenthal Rollins, Child-centred behaviours with 12-month-old infants: Associations with passive joint engagement and later language. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge University Press) 27.3 (2006), 447–463.07–63Usó-Juan, Esther (U Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; euso@ang.uji.es), The compensatory nature of discipline-related knowledge and English-language proficiency in reading English for academic purposes. The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 90.2 (2006) 210–227.07–64Vine, Elaine W. (Victoria U Wellington, New Zealand), ‘Hospital’: A five-year-old Samoan boy's access to learning curriculum content in his New Zealand classroom. Language and Education (Mutilingual Matters) 20.2 (2006), 232–254.07–65Vinagre, Margarita (U Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain), Fostering language learning via email: An English–Spanish exchange. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.5 (2005), 369–388.07–66Vinther, Jane (U Southern Denmark, Denmark), Cognitive processes at work in CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 18.4 (2005), 251–271.