Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Begam Rokeya“

Bangladeshi English literature consists of all those literary works written in the English language in Bangladesh and by the Bangladeshi diaspora. Some of its prominent writers are Rabindranath Tagore, Begam Rokeya,Tehmima Anam, Taslima Nasrin and so on. The name of Tagore shows that the origin of Bangladeshi literature can be traced to pre-independent Bengal. The writers of Bangladesh use English as a medium to connect to the rest of the world. It is used as a medium to contribute to the world literature. They also find it a tool to show the real conditions of Bangladesh to the world. Writers like Taslima Nasrin details many of the issues of the nation in her magnum opus Lajja. One of those issues is the violence against women in Bangladesh. In one of her interviews, she states that everything she has written is for the oppressed women of Bangladesh. She further stated that she has wrung her heart out into her words. She has consistently been criticizing the patriarchal society of the nation for its bad treatment of women.

Bangladeshi English literature consists of all those literary works written in the English language in Bangladesh and by the Bangladeshi diaspora. Some of its prominent writers are Rabindranath Tagore, Begam Rokeya,Tehmima Anam, Taslima Nasrin and so on. The name of Tagore shows that the origin of Bangladeshi literature can be traced to pre-independent Bengal. The writers of Bangladesh use English as a medium to connect to the rest of the world. It is used as a medium to contribute to the world literature. They also find it a tool to show the real conditions of Bangladesh to the world. Writers like Taslima Nasrin details many of the issues of the nation in her magnum opus Lajja. One of those issues is the violence against women in Bangladesh. In one of her interviews, she states that everything she has written is for the oppressed women of Bangladesh. She further stated that she has wrung her heart out into her words. She has consistently been criticizing the patriarchal society of the nation for its bad treatment of women.

Both Begum Rokeya's earlier and Arundhati Roy's more recent voices have advocated for women's freedom in essentially the same ways. Although critics have examined how they raise their voices against women’s exploitation, the current situation of women’s suffering when comparing Rokeya and Arundhati’s dreams is not shown. In order to demonstrate a gap in their research, the study compared the conditions of women in Rokeya's literature with the state of current society by discussing Arundhati's works. This essay is written using Begum Rokeya's Sultana's Dream and Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things as primary sources. My attempt in this paper is to demonstrate how Begum Rokeya's vision of women's independence is still a dream by referring to relevant scholarly articles and interpreting the works of Arundhati Roy.

The 19th century was a very dark period for the women of Bengal. For the most part of their lives, there was only one word - "no". Muslim women in particular lived under an imposed discipline. They were cruelly overpowered by the typical patriarchal norms of the society. During that period the women were not allowed to move outside the four walls of their homes and were even denied the basic rights such as education. Not only did they refuse to come before men, they also hid themselves in front of strangers such that even their voice could not be heard by the strangers. Not only in Bengal, but in the entire Indian subcontinent, the condition of women was extremely deplorable. Many people voiced their concerns against such harsh treatment of the women and among them Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, a great pioneer for the emancipation women, believed in the freedom of woman from the shackles of male dominant society. She was a great pioneer of the rights of the women and believed in education for the emancipation of women in the sub-continent especially in Bengal. Her essay titled “The Sultana's Dream” is the manifestation of Rokeya's of the unfaltering approach towards empowering the women. Her essay, narrated in a dream sequence details her concept of the emancipation of women where they are subject to no restriction levied upon them by the male counterparts. She wants to see women in a variety of ways. Rokeya’s opinions are similar to the ones voiced in the 21st century feminists were women’s empowerment is considered as one of the mainstream developments and progress around the world. In the light of this, this paper presents a feminist study and deal with how Begum Rokeya has proved to be a champion of the rights of women by asserting that women are no less than their male counterparts.

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880-1932) is often considered as one of the most significant figures in the education and emancipation of Bengali (Muslim) women, especially during the early decades of the twentieth century. A contemporary of Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), Sarat Chandra Chattapadhyay (1876-1938) and Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976), she was not only a brilliant writer but also one who passionately fought for the rights and dignity of women, as well as for women’s social, economic, and intellectual empowerment. Here I would like to argue that Rokeya’s efforts in educating and emancipating Indian women in general, and Bengali Muslim women in particular, were part of a larger social reform program or movement which began in Bengal in the early decades of the nineteenth century and lasted through the first half of the twentieth century, eventually resulting in a change in the course of Bengal’s history, as well as in the fate and circumstances of Bengali (Muslim) women. In other words, I contend that Rokeya was influenced and inspired by this movement in taking up the gauntlet against the deeply entrenched patriarchy that shaped the mind and habits of her society.

Critics and research scholars, so far have observed and considered Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s (1880-1932) Sultana’s Dream to be a feminist utopia- an imaginary place of ideal perfection or any non-existent society described in her considerable detail-overlooking main purpose, to an extent, in writing the novella. When the idea of female emancipation and awakening was completely unknown and unimaginable to Indian women in general, Begum Rokeya tried to instill its zeal in these ignorant women, got them to believe in their power, and showed a way of their ultimate freedom as something real and possible through a dream. The bitter discrimination she experienced in her own family as a girl, and the misfortune of the women of her society and women of undivided India bled her soft heart and urged her to work for the advancement and empowerment of women breaking all the traditional, social, cultural and religious barriers. In this regard, besides quality education, she believed that the first and the most important condition for female emancipation is self-reliance or economic independence where she differed from all other major contemporary feminists of the world for her unequivocal approach. The paper, therefore, aims at exposing the pathetic consequences of deprived and distressed women drowned under the dirt of illiteracy, fanaticism, superstitions, and prejudices showing the way they can be educated, economically solvent, self-reliant towards ultimate freedom and attributed state power and responsibilities which Begum Rokeya presents in the disguise of a dream in Sultana’s Dream.

The point of the current paper is to reveal insight into women's condition within Indian Subcontinent during the colonial period. The investigation will fixate on the gendered place that women had to take, and on the male developed generalizations to which they were oppressed from an Enlightenment Feminist viewpoint. Begum Rokeya brought the social condition of women into mindfulness how a lady was obliged to comply with social built biases which made of her an item; all chances for education, prospect, freedom and improvement were shut to her. When the people of colonial India could feel the independence, they could realize the essence of women education. Colonialism not only depress men but also became the key factor to trap the women into a case-house. The permission of women’s education did not come automatically, but with a long struggle and well leading campaign. Only for Hindus, Mahatma Gandhi played an imperative part to support the dignity of women folk by stating that women were neither mere figures in the hands of male nor their opponents. Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, for both Muslims and Hindus, shouted the women's consciousness and women's freedom through education could play a vital issue to strengthen the man's heart for colonial freedom. They, both, wanted women's empowerment and equality in society; at the workstation; at the community, and even at family for sustainable-development of a nation. Their activism inspired modern women gliding to economic, political and mental growth. Nowadays, women is involving in all sphere of national or international sectors in the Indian Subcontinent

Against the dark background of the social exclusion of women, especially Muslim women, Begum Rokeya, the pioneer of women’s emancipation in Bengal, British India in the early 20th century, stood with her enlightenment like a beacon and pushed her way for women’s emancipation from the depths of misery. She lived in a society shrouded by blind religious beliefs and practices where women were deprived of rights and freedom, and were repressed and oppressed in the name of religion. Despite her prevailing leanings toward religious beliefs and practices, she found that a powerful obstacle to women’s freedom stemmed from the misinterpretation of culturally biased religious norms, notions and intentions. She was a strong advocate for the emancipation of the society and especially women of her time. She eloquently expressed her opinion with regard to religious rituals, prevailing sentiments and general public psyche in practice that hindered the progress and emancipation of women as well as the society. Her opinions, propositions, criticisms, and activisms in this regard surprisingly resembled to a great extent that of the predominant Marxist views. In this article, her views and opinions on the dissemination and practice of religious teachings and rituals in the context of the marginalization of women as well as society have been examined and compared with that of the Marxist thoughts, especially those on religion through textual analysis and Marxist allusions.

Abstract This paper addresses the position and culturally loaded presentation of the South Asian woman writer in two colonial Bengali texts. Through a comparative analysis of Rabindranath Tagore’s “Nashtanir” (1901) and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s Sultana’s Dream (1905), it explores the way in which both texts sought to engage with debates surrounding the education of women in the early twentieth century. It argues that the development of Charu’s extra-marital relationship in “Nashtanir,” coupled with Tagore’s representation of her as simple, superficial, and dangerous, gave weight to the claim that women’s education may contribute to a waning interest in domestic duties and facilitate the capacity to engage in extra-marital relationships. However, the analysis of Sultana’s Dream alternatively shows that the woman writer in colonial Bengal used her position to protest the barriers to women’s education in this context. By generating a text that invited its readers to engage in wider educational practises, Hossain produced a politically charged appeal which served to challenge misconceptions surrounding women’s education in colonial Bengal.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to present the results for job seekers who have graduated from public universities. Methodology/approach: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. The data were gathered from 200 job-seeker students at Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur (BRUR), between February and May 2022. The study adopted a purposive sampling technique to select respondents and seven case studies to draw qualitative conclusions. The study also employed The chi-squared test was used to test the hypotheses.. Results/Findings: The results of the hypothesis are as follows: there is a strong relationship between economic crisis and highly salaried jobs ( ); a medium relationship between more time to complete graduation and the pressure on job career ( ); a medium relationship between lower preparation for a job and more participants than job capacity ( ); and finally, a medium relationship between cultural influence on respondents’ behavior and alienation from family and relatives ( ). This study also discovered that pressure on students comes from a variety of sources, including family, workplace, cultural hegemony, and academic pressure. Finally, the study concludes that students may reduce demands, the government can increase employment, and jobless youth may develop self-servicing possibilities for living. Limitations: The researchers had limitations because, even without these findings, the environment and appropriateness might be advantageous for graduates instead of pressures. Another barrier is time and money. Contribution: Students, job seekers, and society at large who are concerned about unemployment and the programs that may address it both domestically and internationally will find the research to be helpful.

The impulse for this essay came about as a direct reaction to reading Freddie Rokem’s contribution in Volume 1 of this journal. Whereas Rokem refers to eavesdropping scenes in plays and philosophical discourse, I shall examine this act within the context of an acoustic mechanical theatre invented by philosopher Athanasius Kircher in the 1600s.The Panacousticon was a system of spiral-shaped funnels hidden within walls that were operated as amplifiers, connecting public spaces to the eavesdropper via ‘talking heads’ or stone busts. An audience witnessing the deeds of Polonius or Orgon in classical theatre was replaced by an auditor of unseen ‘performers’ in the act of conversing. The ‘closet’ in Hamlet was replaced by a stone bust with gaping mouth. Furthermore, Rokem’s discussion of the supernatural as an eavesdropping presence in the same play, finds an echo in Kircher’s acoustic theatre, where the talking busts began to speak as people passed by, creating an uncanny mise-en-scèneof omnipresence.Whilst Kircher performed his conceptual creations through theatrical techniques, his actor-audience was subject to the sonic address of an unknown source. With passing references to natural magic, ventriloquism and automata I shall discuss the convergences that occur between these two perspectives of performer / audience.

After the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian economy began to improve and develop again as before. Many businesses in the culinary industry have encouraged companies to compete and survive by producing good quality food to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty. The large number of food industries and competition, makes consumers consider product quality / taste according to their needs and expectations, one of which is the Roket Chicken Kaliwungu fast food restaurant. This study aims to determine the effect of brand image, taste and trust on customer satisfaction and loyalty of Rocket Chicken Kaliwungu. Quantitative research methods. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method. A sample of 100 Rocket Chicken Kaliwungu customers used a questionnaire. Data analysis used statistical tests (multiple linear regression). Based on research and discussion, it is known that brand image, taste, trust have a significant and positif influence on customer satisfaction, and satisfaction has an effect on customer loyalty. Keywords: Brand Image, Taste, Trust, Satisfaction, Loyalty

Thirty-five years, the age of TRI, is roughly the length of time I have been involved in our discipline. I completed my Ph.D. in 1974 and entered the profession on the cusp of a generational shift. During my first decade in the academy, a number of new young scholars emerged and began to take the places of an older cohort who were primarily theatre historians and/or drama critics and interpreters. The theory explosion changed the way that both theatre history and dramatic criticism were carried out, and a whole new range of methods and objects of study began to appear in our journals and conferences. Post-structural and postmodernist ideas upset the reigning conventions of scholarship and also influenced creative artists who changed their practice to reflect these new ideas. Feminism transformed our field, as did new research on race, class and sexuality, while competing theories of the subject brought forward psychoanalysis and phenomenology as important tools for performance analysis. Cultural studies and the new historicism challenged positivist historiography and began to change the kind of theatre history (including subjects and documents) scholars researched and wrote about. Political critique was in the ascendency, after a battle to discredit what many of us perceived as a false objectivity in previous scholarship. This became, eventually, the new orthodoxy for many of us, and the senior scholars in our field today (for example Sue-Ellen Case, Elin Diamond, Josette Féral, Erika Fisher-Lichte, Freddie Rokem, Joseph Roach) all participated in making these major changes happen as young scholars – while not necessarily agreeing with each other: the new generation was thoroughly heterodox in its approach to methods and topics.

Structuralists and Post-Keynesians share the perspective that in the long run economic growth is shaped by the income elasticity of exports and imports, and that such elasticities are a positive function of the degree of diversification and technological intensity of the pattern of specialization. Since the mid 1970s, New Structuralists began to stress the role of two sets of variables in driving the pattern of specialization: a stable and competitive real exchange rate, and the relative intensity of innovation and diffusion of technology in the center and periphery. In this paper we modify the balance-of-payments-constrained growth model to include these two sets of variables. The model provides a mechanism that ensures the validity of the original Thirlwall perspective, namely that adjustment to the balance-of-payments-constrained equilibrium takes place through changes in the rate of growth of aggregate demand rather than through changes in relative prices. In addition, it shows that a macroeconomic policy aimed at sustaining a competitive real exchange rate is a necessary complement to an active industrial policy for fostering international convergence.

This is my first issue as senior editor of Theatre Research International. That the journal and I are almost exactly the same age is at once thrilling and a little unsettling. One feels both the weight of tradition, and the sense of mission and possibility that contemporaries can share. Indeed, looking through back issues, I am struck by how integrally TRI has both reflected and driven changes in performance practice and scholarship that I recognize from my own intellectual development. I began my undergraduate studies at Bristol University Drama Department – publisher, from 1959 to 1974, of one of TRI's two precursors, New Theatre Magazine (the other being Theatre Research/Recherches théâtrales). That was in 1992, in the same year an editorial by Claude Schumacher highlighted a reorientation of the journal away from text-based drama towards ‘the theory of theatre practice’. I left the UK to make theatre (and a life) in Singapore in 1996, just as the journal began notably to expand its international scope. And I commenced my PhD on cosmopolitanism and performance in 2001, at the same time as Brian Singleton's overhaul of the journal's structure and focus set the internationalizing standard for the publication that exists today. That year, I made my first trip to Australia, to present on a panel for emerging scholars at a conference of the International Federation for Theatre Research (IFTR, the organization with which this publication is affiliated), hosted by the University of New South Wales. Subsequent conference participation brought me into contact with TRI editors Christopher Balme, Freddie Rokem, Elaine Aston and Charlotte Canning, and, courtesy of the IFTR member's subscription, the material they were publishing.

We present a stylized model to explore the interaction between household debt, functional income distribution, and technological change. We assume that weak labor bargaining power allows firms to set their mark-ups in order to meet a target profit rate. At a low wage share, workers’ households are assumed to have limited flexibility in meeting financial goals, so household indebtedness tends to rise as the wage share falls. Rising indebtedness further lowers labor's bargaining power, a phenomenon that was observed in the wave of financialization that began in the late twentieth century. Thus, rising debt levels allow firms even greater freedom to raise their target profit rate. We find that the dynamics can be either stable or unstable, with the potential for a self-reinforcing pattern of rising household indebtedness and falling wage share, consistent with trends in the US from the 1980s onward. The unstable cycle can be triggered by increased willingness by workers to incur debt and rising influence of household indebtedness on labor's bargaining strength and income distribution. The model can shed some light on widely observed trends over recent decades regarding household indebtedness, inequality, and technological changes in the US, and potentially in other OECD countries.

Thanks to the breeding work carried out to create the Sumy intra-breed type of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, it was possible to increase the level of milk productivity of animals, which today amounts to more than 6.0 thousand kg of milk. The level of milk yield is the main in the system of dairy cattle breeding. The quality indicators of dairy raw materials are also of great importance for the economy of milk production. This issue has become particularly important recently, which is associated with the negative consequences of using the Holstein breed, namely, a decrease in the level of fat and protein in milk compared to local breeds. Researchers attach great importance to the study of individual fractions of milk protein and their impact on technological qualities during its processing. Therefore, new achievements in genetics and biotechnology have been widely applied in practice. Genetic markers are even more widely used in global dairy cattle breeding. The latter allow us to identify individual genotypes at many loci and provide information about population parameters, such as alleles and genetic frequencies. Dairy cattle breeding programs in many countries around the world take into account genetic research. This is due to the possibility of rapid improvement of the quality and technological properties of milk. The effect of capa-casein genotypes on milk quality has been studied by many scientists. The capa-casein gene polymorphism has been known since 1964. By 1988, the capa-casein gene of cattle was isolated and its structure was characterized. To date, thirteen genetic variants of cattle capa-casein have been described: А, В, C, D, E, F, Н, J, I, Х, Az, A1. Genetic variants A and B are the most common, while other alleles are quite rare. The interest in this casein fraction is due to the fact that cheese from the milk of cows with the BB genotype thickens 25% faster and has a clot twice as dense as milk from cows with the AA genotype, and accordingly the yield of cheese from the milk of cows of the BB genotype is 10% higher than from the milk of cows of the AA genotype. The aim of our work was to study the features of the formation of the genealogical structure of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the Sumy region and its influence on the frequency of capa-casein genotypes. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the State Enterprise "Experimental Farm of Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine" of Sumy region on the number of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (n = 23) (first group) and Sumy intra-breed type of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (n = 40) (second group). Retrospective studies were conducted by studying the ORSEC SUMS database for the period from 1976 to 2020. The capa-casein gene polymorphism was determined in the genetic laboratory of the Institute of Physiology n. a. Bogomolets of NAS using real-time molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results obtained were processed by the method of variational statistics using the statistical 6.0 software package. The formation of an array of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed on the farm was started in the mid-80s of the last century. So on the breeding stock of the Lebedinian breed began to use the sperm of bulls-producers of the Holstein breed. Bulls-producers of the Holstein lines Aidial 1013415, S. T. Rokita 252803, Sowering 198998, M. Chiftein 95679, Eleweishna 1491007 and Astronaut 1458744 were involved in this process. Further formation of the genealogical structure of the herd of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and Sumy intra-breed type had their own characteristics. Thus, in the period from 1991 to 2000, the breeding stock of animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed came from bulls-producers of 8 lines, while Sumy intra-breed type belonged to 13 lines. The most common lines in the first animals were – Aidial 1013415, Sowering 1989986, M. Chiftein 95679 in the second – Eleveishn 1491007, M. Chiftein 95679, Chief 1727381. The period since 2001 has been characterized by the fact that the formation of the genealogical structure of black and white herds in Sumy region was accompanied by the use of purebred bulls of the Holstein breed. The share of bulls of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed was less than 10%. This contributed to the fact that the breeding stock of breeding herds belonged mainly to three Holstein lines: Chief 1427381, Eleweishna 1491007 and Starbuck 352790. We have found that the frequency of capa-casein is somewhat different in animals of different origins. Thus, animals of Sumy type were characterized with a higher frequency of both the desired homozygous BB genotype (20%) and the homozygous AA genotype (60%). A higher frequency of the heterozygous AB genotype (36%) was characteristic of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. At the same time, the frequency of alleles was almost the same. There is a difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles by capa-casein between first-born animals of different parental affiliation. Altodegri 64633889 bull daughters were characterized by a higher frequency of homozygous desired BB genotype. High frequencies of heterozygous AB genotypes were found at daughters of bull Morian 1402173979. All daughters of the bulls Detective 349159846, Maygold 534651702 were homozygous AA. The highest frequency of the BB allele was characteristic of the daughters of the bull Altadegri 64633889. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the peculiarities of the formation of the genealogical structure of the herd of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which was formed according to various programs, were established. The genealogical structure at the beginning of herd formation had its own characteristics and depended on breeding directions. The period of the last twenty years in the region is characterized by the total use of Holstein Bulls on the breeding stock of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which explains the linear belonging of the majority of livestock to the lines of Chief 1427381, Eleveishna 1491007 and Starbuck 352790. The consequence of this is a high conditional bloodline in the Holstein breed of the firstborn. According to the results of genetic research, it was established that in the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the genotype of cattle by capa-casein significantly depended on the origin. Thus, Sumy type animals are characterized by a higher frequency of homozygous genotypes – 80%, while the frequency of alleles in animals of different origins is almost the same. Parental origin also had a significant effect on the genotype of animals on this basis.

This essay examines Begum Rokeya’s pivotal work Sultana’s Dream (1905) in the context of medieval dream vision by foregrounding its matches with the dream vision genre. With Sultana’s Dream, Rokeya takes women in the Indian community to a realm of freedom away from purdah and the zenana via mainly treating the concerns of gender and education. Rokeya endeavours to raise female consciousness in her story written in a dream format featuring Sister Sara as the guide to forging a self-sufficient female identity equal to men. I read Sister Sara as a wise woman, an exemplar of Boethius’ Lady Philosophy, appearing in medieval dream visions to bring people to the truth, the conversion to Christianity in the medieval setting as in The Dream of the Rood. The essay concludes that, apart from her community, Rokeya’s call in Sultana’s Dream stretches out from medieval to contemporary society within the milieuof a dream vision to a feminist utopia respectively.

The renowned feminist Begum Rokeya once said, "Leave your daughter by giving education, they will manage their livelihood." This statement holds not only in Bangladesh but also in many parts of the world, where the development of women is a critical issue. However, this qualitative study seeks to explore the socio-economic challenges faced by women in Sylhet, particularly those who have lost their fathers at an early age and have been living with dependent family members. By using in-depth interviews and life history methods through purposive sampling, this study aims to identify the factors that hinder women's self-sufficiency and well-being and provides valuable insights into their potential for social and economic mobility. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of education and leadership skills in promoting women's empowerment and reducing social insecurity. The research findings have important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and academics, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive policies and programs that address social inequality and gender discrimination.

Today, most of the students at the university level are facing career-related problems in the form of either career indecision or the wrong decision. For university-level students' career preference is a crucial issue. Being successful in life depends on making the appropriate career decision. This study aims to identify the recent trends of job preferences and elements influencing job desire and how family, friends, and peer relationships affect students' preferences for choosing a career. A survey was carried out at Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur (BRUR) with regular students of 4th year and Masters; with a sample size of 272. An interview schedule was used to carry out the survey. In order to acquire a better understanding and more knowledge about the research, some material was gathered through in-person interviews. Using stratified simple random sampling technique, respondents were chosen from four faculties of the University. The study revealed that there is no discernible difference between the genders in terms of preferred careers, but there is a difference in faculty and family status. BCS and first-class government jobs are the preferred career fields for 116 out of 272 students (42.6%). The respondents' hesitation to seek employment in the small- and medium-sized business and non-profit sectors was also discovered. The main drivers of these professional choices are that today's graduates place a high importance on monetary rewards, social status, and public acknowledgement, in addition to power and authority. Furthermore, the current BCS test system attracts students more due to job stability and transparency in the hiring process. The interest of young people in working in banks has recently increased due to the emergence of private and foreign banks. The primary factors luring these graduates into these industries are the excellent compensation packages. This study recommends that more market-driven, practical, and relevant courses should be developed by the university