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1
Ibatullin, I. I., S. F. Razanov und V. M. Nedashkivskyi. „Influence of soy flour and its processed products on the essential amino acids content in the bees body“. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, Nr. 3 (08.09.2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-3.10.
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Providing bees with benign and sufficient protein feeds is the key to successful beekeeping. Protein feed significantly affects on certain functions of individuals and the vital activity and productivity of the bee colonies. So, as a result of increased consumption of protein feed during the first days of life the supply of proteins in the body significantly increases in young bees, hypopharyngeal glands and other organs become developed, which provides the ability to perform various tasks depending on age and living conditions. Older bees consume protein for tissue renewal with new cells and metabolic processes. Bees raised on low protein feeds become physiologically defective and do not live long. In conditions of protein starvation, brood rearing stops and bees throw larvae out of their cells. The article presents the results of studying the effect of using soy flour and its processed products in bee feeding on the essential amino acids content in their body. It was found that the use of soy peptone in bee feeding contributes to a greater accumulation of essential amino acids in the bees body in different periods of their development, in compared to soy milk, defatted soy flour and roasted soy flour which indicates a higher efficiency of its use as partial substitutes for protein feeds.
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Blagov, Dmitry Andreevich, und Irina Nukolaevna Kolchaeva. „The use of protein and other biologically active substances in feeding honey bees“. Agrarian Scientific Journal, Nr. 12 (13.12.2022): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i12pp54-57.
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In the presented work, the issue of the use of protein feeds with biologically active additives to increase the nutritional value of artificial feeds is considered. This approach makes it possible to introduce various sources of protein, amino acids, vitamins into the bee feed, as well as enzymes to relieve the load on the bee's body for digesting substances, growth-stimulating drugs based on organic acids, etc. Experiments conducted in 2018 on feeding candi bees to the composition, which included isolated soy protein, apple cider vinegar, showed the following results. In the control group, bees actively ate top dressing, however, in some bee families, the presence of yellowish-brown liquid excrement was noted, which indicated the presence of nosematosis. Bees from the experimental groups also actively consumed candi, but with the addition of soy isolate and apple cider vinegar, while the frames were clean, there were no spots of diarrhea and podmore. The Federal Scientific Center of Beekeeping is conducting research on the development of various formulations of feedings for honey bees. For the approbation of carbohydrate feeds with the inclusion of enzyme compositions in them, appropriate studies were conducted. 3 experimental groups were formed on the principle of pairs of analogues. The control group received sugar syrup, the first – inverted syrup, and the second group - inverted syrup enriched with flower pollen fermentolysate. Feeding of the presented feedings had an impact on the flight activity of bee colonies. Thus, the control group had the lowest flight activity. In the experimental groups, the flight activity of bee colonies was higher. In addition to the flight activity of bee colonies, the average daily egg production of queens was studied. In the control group, the average daily egg production of the uterus was at the level of 550 eggs. In the first experimental group, the uterine egg production was 9.10% higher compared to the control, and in the second group by 20.0%.
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Nedashkivskyi, V. M., und H. V. Hutsol. „The effectiveness of using protein mixed feed in feeding honey bees“. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, Nr. 1 (17.03.2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-1.06.
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The study of effectiveness of the use of protein feeding bees was carried out in the conditions of the apiary ALLC “Volodymyr” in village Shershni Tyvriv district of Vinnytsia oblast. According to the principle of analogous groups were selected bee colonies for the formation of experimental groups. Protein feed was moistened with 50% sugar syrup and filled in the honeycomb. According to the experimental scheme during the preparatory period the bee colonies of the experimental groups II, III and IV were fed a feed mixture in an amount of 25 g per day. According to the experimental scheme during the main period bee colonies were fed a feed mixture of 70 g per day. Accounting of bees brood on the set dates was carried out at the expense of a grid frame every 12 days. Commercial honey was determined by weighing after pumping from each bee colonies separately. Forage honey was determined by weighing the honeycomb and then subtracting the conditional mass of the honeycomb. During the experimental Ukrainian breed bee colonies were involved which they were kept in long hive. Care and maintenance for bee colonies were the same. It was studied the effectiveness of using combined protein feeds in bee feeding. It is proved that in the spring during the harvesting honey use protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptides and pollen) for feeding bees has a positive effect on the brood rearing by bee colonies and the production of honey and wax in the following sequence: defatted soya flour and pollen (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour and soy peptides (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour (100 %).
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler und G. Perrott. „Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597543.
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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler und G. Perrott. „Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033158.
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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Boiarchuk, S. V., L. O. Adamchuk und K. V. Pylypko. „THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FEEDING BEES FOR USE IN FRUIT CROPS POLLINATION“. Animal Science and Food Technology 11, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2020): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.03.005.
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Нoney bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) perform a global plant pollination function. For normal development, bee colonies need to meet their nutritional needs. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of artificial bee feeding to increase their flight activity on pollinating fruit crops. To achieve this goal, a scheme for the use of artificial feeding was developed and the optimal set of feeds was selected as well as the influence of artificial feeding on an increase of colony strength and the flight activity of bees was investigated. The study was conducted in a private orchard in 2020. For feeding of bees used: candy in February (1 kg 5 times with an interval of 6 days); sugar syrup both in March (300 g 6 times with an interval of 3 days) and in April (100 g on the first day of flowering), also for bee training for pollination in April, the second experimental group was fed geranium-flavored syrup (1 %); protein mixture in March (500 g 3 times with an interval of 6 days). It has been experimentally proven that the use of artificial feeding is necessary for effective pollination in April. Those bee colonies that have been fed since the beginning of February have made a cleaning flight three days earlier and at a lower temperature (+8…+10 C) while the control colonies do not increase the required number of bees for effective pollination of fruit crops (first decade of April). The complex carbohydrate-protein feeding of bee colonies according to the developed scheme increases the strength of bee colonies by 5–21 % and increases the number of brood cells by 15.4 %. The effectiveness of bee feeding on orchard pollination is confirmed by an increase in their flight activity by 44–47 % during the flowering of cherries, sweet cherries, and pears and by 26–35 % during the flowering of apple trees. The use of flavored syrup allows increasing the flight activity of bees by 6–12 % compared to non-flavored syrup the day after feeding.
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Chagan, Farida Karim, Sidra Malik Fayyaz und Iram Saddiqa Aamir. „BREAST FEEDING OUTCOME“. Professional Medical Journal 23, Nr. 06 (10.06.2016): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.06.1620.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of prelacteal feeding among mothers ofPakistan and to find out the various concepts behind this practice and fundamentally to establishthe association of prelacteal feeding with breastfeeding outcomes. Background: In Pakistan,many efforts have been done to emphasize the nutritional importance and adequacy of breastmilk for the newborns. Despite such efforts, it has been witnessed on multiple occasions thatprior to the commencement of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeds are introduced by the mothers totheir young ones. Prelacteal feed (PLF) are food supplements that are given to newborns orally.Design: Qualitative, descriptive, cross sectional Survey. Setting: The Lady Dufferin Hospital(LDH) and Jinnah Medical College hospital (JMCH). Methods: Study includes 400 Mothersincluding young mothers and data was collected with use of a pre-assessed authenticatedquestionnaire. Results: A large group of, both educated and uneducated, mothers knew aboutPLF administration (90.5%). Out of these, 70% mothers routinely give prelacteal feeds, withreadymade ghutti and honey being the most widely used supplements, 19.5% and 37.2%respectively .However their reasons for doing so differed significantly. Family tradition (27.8%)and religious credence (21.8%) are the most popular reasons for practicing prelacteal feeding.The other minor reasons are breast milk insufficiency, prevention of dehydration, hypoglycaemia,preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for digestion and to quench thirst. However, majorityof the subjects were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding and 99% mothers breastfed theirchildren. Conclusions: Regardless of the fact that mothers understand the significance ofbreast milk, most mothers routinely and unnecessarily give prelacteal feeds. Therefore, mothersshould be discouraged for the unsafely administration of prelacteal feeds and re-emphasizedabout the importance and nutritional adequecy of breastfeeding.
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Marsh, S. P., S. L. Edmond und M. Witt. „Comparison of pressed sugar beet pulp ensiled with dried maize distillers grains against a ration based on barley and soya bean meal for fast finishing suckled beef bulls“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004956.
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Intensively finished beef cattle have traditionally been fed rations based on rolled mineralised barley with a protein supplement such as soya bean or rapeseed meal. Since feed accounts for 75-85% of the variable costs of intensive beef production systems (MLC 1999) the use of alternative feeds that have a lower cost per unit of energy are worthy of investigation. The objective of this trial was to evaluate feeding pressed sugar beet pulp ensiled with dried maize distillers grains (Praize, Trident Feeds) on the performance of fast finishing continental cross weaned suckled bulls.
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Baran, Murat Sedat, Selçuk Altaçli, Oktay Kaplan und Suphi Deniz. „The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods“. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, Nr. 7 (23.07.2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.832-835.1226.
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There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region’s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, G. Perrott und M. Witt. „Comparison of sugar beet feeds and distillers grains as supplements for early lambing ewes fed straw-based and big-bale silage diets“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002817.
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Feeding lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy (Davies and Chapple 1995) has shown that ewe and lamb performance can be satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration. Experiments with March-lambing ewes (Chapple et al., 1997) has shown that feeds based on molassed sugar beet feed and maize distillers dark grains can replace a barley/soya supplement. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds with higher levels of distillers grains to January-lambing ewes on straw-based and big-bale silage systems during pregnancy and early lactation.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, G. Perrott und M. Witt. „Simple mixes of molassed sugar beet feed and distillers grains for lactating ewes“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000079x.
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Feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy and in early lactation has shown that ewe and lamb performance can be satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation is fed (Davies and Chapple, 1995). Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration. However, soya bean meal is imported and not fully traceable. Experiments with January- and March-lambing ewes have shown that traceable, homeproduced feeds based on equal quantities of molassed sugar beet feed and either maize or barley distillers grains can replace a barley/soya supplement when fed with straw or silage-based diets in late pregnancy (Chappleet al., 1998 and 1999). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds with distillers grains to March-lambing ewes rearing twin lambs at pasture.
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ZOIOPOULOS (Π. ΖΩΪΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), P. „The applications of biotechnology in animal feeding: A critical overview“. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, Nr. 2 (06.12.2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15186.
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An effort is made in this article to present the applications of biotechnology as regards the improvement of nutritive value and the development of novel feeds as well as the production of various types of feed additives. With respect to raw materials, quality upgrading by bio technological means has been attempted through lignocellulose breakdown or protein enrichment. In addition, reference is made to bioproteins and feeds derived from transgenic plants, particularly those resistant to herbicides. In turn, reference is made to aminoacids as products of industrial fermentation. Furthermore, various feed additives, products of biotechnology, such as enzymes, antibiotics, probiotics, but also means for depression of methanogenesis in the forestomachs of ruminants, as well as silage agents, like inoculants and enzymes, are commented upon. In certain cases, reference is made to the issue of efficacy of biotechnology products when used in animal nutrition and the subject of feed safety. Finally, because of the need for licensing these products in order to be circulated, reference is made to the provisions of Community legislation governing the marketing of feeds. The article concludes with some thoughts on the future of the sector of application of biotechnology in the case of animal nutrition.
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Cropper, M., M. Lloyd, G. C. Emmans und C. E. Hinks. „Choice feeding as a method of determining lamb nutrient requirements and growth potential“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (März 1986): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015816.
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The experiment described here was designed to test the proposition that lambs, given access to two feeds, as a choice, one abundant in crude protein (CP), the other deficient, can both select a diet which supports their potential growth rate and which avoids excesses of protein intake.Twenty four Suffolk x Greyface wether and females, at a mean liveweight of 20.2 kg (s.e. 0.6) were individually housed and their feed intake and liveweight recorded weekly.The four pelleted feeds used were highly digestible and had estimated energy yields of 10.5 MJ ME/kg freshweight. The basal feed (A) was made from equal parts barley and sugar beet pulp plus a vitamin/mineral mix. It contained 91 g CP/kg FW. Feed D was made by substituting fishmeal for the barley in feed A such that it contained 383g CP/kg. Feed B contained one third D and two thirds A and contained 182g CP/kg. Féed C contained two thirds D and one third A, giving a CP content of 266g CP/kg. Thus each of the four feeds A, B, C and D could be described in terms of either the proportion of feed A or the crude protein which it contained.Four lambs were offered feed A alone, and four lambs received feed B only. Twelve of the lambs were given ad 1ibitum access to both the basal feed A and one of the three other feeds B, C and D, for ten weeks. Four lambs were offered a choice between feed B and feed D for four weeks.
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Mikhaylova, L. R., A. Yu Lavrentiev und V. S. Sherne. „Rye containing compound feeds in the diet of bulls on rearing“. Agrarian science, Nr. 6 (28.07.2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-360-6-37-42.
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Relevance. Rye occupies a special place among cereals as components of compound feeds. Rye, unsuitable for food purposes, but quite suitable for feeding farm animals, can be used for the production of compound feeds.Methods. To solve the problems, 4 groups of gobies were formed for rearing and 4 recipes of compound feed concentrates with different rye input rates were developed (0, 20, 30, 40%). The duration of the experiment was 135 days. To find out the effect of the compound feed composition on feed consumption, daily group feeding accounting was carried out. Experimental animals were weighed every 30 days, that is, monthly. To identify the effect of the tested grain (rye) consumption of the basic balanced diet, records were kept on the account of the feed consumed and their residues the next day. During the entire scientific and economic experience, feedabilitywas recorded.Results. Studies have shown that compound feeds prepared according to the developed recipes allow balancing the feeding of experimental bulls that will be raised to produce beef according to the detailed feeding standards available today, with a relatively low specific gravity of concentrated feeds. The inclusion of 20 to 40% rye in the composition of compound feeds does not reduce the balance of the diet of animals in the experiment. The gross increase in live weight and the increase per day in the experimental bulls of the first three groups did not differ significantly. Animals from group IV, which were fed compound feed with 40% rye, were inferior to control animals by 5.6 kg in total growth, in an average daily increase — by43 g. 5.87–6.03 ECU was spent per unit of live weight gain (1 kg).
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Emmans, G. C., M. R. Cropper, W. S. Dingwall, H. Brown, J. D. Oldham und J. I. Harland. „Efficiencies of use of the metabolisable energy from feeds based on barley or sugar beet feed in immature sheep“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (März 1989): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010539.
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The ARC (1980) energy system sees growth in the single dimension of energy retention (ER) which increases, with diminishing marginal efficiency, as ME intake increases. The quantitative relationship between ME intake and ER is predicted from q, the proportion of the gross energy which is metabolisable. An experiment on growing sheep on controlled feeding of different feeds was carried out to provide data suitable for testing ARC (1980) and other energy systems.Scottish Blackface wether sheep in single pens, entered the experiment at 25 kg liveweight (LW), when 11 were slaughtered. The remainder were allocated to 3 x 3 x 3 treatments with an intended 4 replicates per treatment. The factors were (i) feeds: feeds B, U and M shown in Table 1, (ii) levels of feeding. L, M and H where H was 936 g/d at 25 kg and was increased by 52 g/d each week, L was half H and M half-way between L and H, (iii) slaughter point, after 9 or 18 weeks, or at 40 kg liveweight.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler und S. P. Marsh. „A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (März 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593715.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler und S. P. Marsh. „A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (März 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031421.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Ramsey, Samuel D., Ronald Ochoa, Gary Bauchan, Connor Gulbronson, Joseph D. Mowery, Allen Cohen, David Lim et al. „Varroa destructor feeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 5 (15.01.2019): 1792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818371116.
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The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is the greatest single driver of the global honey bee health decline. Better understanding of the association of this parasite and its host is critical to developing sustainable management practices. Our work shows that this parasite is not consuming hemolymph, as has been the accepted view, but damages host bees by consuming fat body, a tissue roughly analogous to the mammalian liver. Both hemolymph and fat body in honey bees were marked with fluorescent biostains. The fluorescence profile in the guts of mites allowed to feed on these bees was very different from that of the hemolymph of the host bee but consistently matched the fluorescence profile unique to the fat body. Via transmission electron microscopy, we observed externally digested fat body tissue in the wounds of parasitized bees. Mites in their reproductive phase were then fed a diet composed of one or both tissues. Mites fed hemolymph showed fitness metrics no different from the starved control. Mites fed fat body survived longer and produced more eggs than those fed hemolymph, suggesting that fat body is integral to their diet when feeding on brood as well. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that Varroa are exploiting the fat body as their primary source of sustenance: a tissue integral to proper immune function, pesticide detoxification, overwinter survival, and several other essential processes in healthy bees. These findings underscore a need to revisit our understanding of this parasite and its impacts, both direct and indirect, on honey bee health.
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Ulugov, O. P., A. Sharipov, V. N. Sattarov, V. G. Semenov und A. I. Skvortsov. „Feeding stimulates functional abilities of queen bees of the Carpathian subspecies“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 935, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/935/1/012022.
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Abstract The researches were conductedon queen bees of the Carpathian subspecies in conditions of Tajikistan. Four groups of similar families were formed, 10 in each group. In the control group, sugar syrup (1:2) was given as a stimulating feeding, in small portions of 700 ml. Bees of the first experimental group were fed with the sugar syrup, with the addition of drone larvas’ homogenate. The second group was fed with the sugar syrup with addition of a feed mixture “Similak”, the third group - sugar syrup with the addition of a compositional form consisting of a feed mixture “Similak” and the drone larvas’ homogenate. In the experimental groups, in contrast to the control group, an increase in the egg production of queen bees and the brood breeding reflex by 1.3-1.44 times was found.In general, it has been established that to stimulate the physiological processes in bee’ organism, growth and development of colonies in spring, it is necessary to use stimulating feeding by sugar syrup in combination with drone larvas’ homogenate and feed mixture “Similak” 700 ml each.
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Munguti, Jonathan, Hannington Odame, James Kirimi, Kevin Obiero, Erick Ogello und David Liti. „Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities“. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, Nr. 1 (02.01.2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.12.
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Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.
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Hoover, Shelley E., Lynae P. Ovinge und Jeffery D. Kearns. „Consumption of Supplemental Spring Protein Feeds by Western Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies: Effects on Colony Growth and Pollination Potential“. Journal of Economic Entomology 115, Nr. 2 (19.02.2022): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac006.
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Abstract Adequate nutrition is required to support productive honey bee colonies, therefore beekeepers supplement colonies with additional protein at targeted time points. We tested the effects of commercially available protein feeds in spring, in advance of colonies being used for hybrid canola pollination. The feed treatments across the three-year study included the following patty types: Global 15% pollen, Global 0% pollen, Bee Pollen-Ate, FeedBee, and Healthy Bees, as well as an unsupplemented control in year two of the study only. The amount of feed consumed varied among colonies, treatments, date, and year. Similarly, there were also differences in feed efficiency (bees reared per gram of feed consumed), likely due to the relative availability of external forage sources to supplement the feed provided. Unsupplemented colonies were able to rear less brood, and subsequently had fewer adult bees than supplemented colonies, in an apiary where pollen was not abundant. Differences in consumption among treatments often failed to translate in to differences in amount of brood reared or subsequent adult population. All the protein feed treatments contained all ten amino acids essential to honey bees, however lysine and arginine were below the optimal proportion required for growth in all patties except the FeedBee patty. The amount of protein and amount and types of sugars and fats in the products also varied among product type and batch. The results of this study demonstrate a benefit to supplementary spring protein feeding to increase honey bee colony populations in advance of a summer pollination market.
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Holubiev, M., T. Holubieva und M. Sychov. „Effect of supplemental Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu and their interactions on the performance of broiler chickens“. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, Nr. 3 (18.08.2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-3.06.
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Based on the results of the analysis of feed materials on the content of micronutrient elements and conducting scientific experiments on broilers chicken, the most effective source of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper in mixed feeds, which contributes to solving the problem of increasing the quality of feeding and intensifying the growth of poultry has been substantiated. The optimum source of essential elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) for broilers chicken through feeds, the level of their incorporation into mixed fodders have been experimentally determined, and their influence on productivity and feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain have been investigated. The tasks set in the work have been solved experimentally using analytical (analysis of literature sources), zoo-technical (growth indices, feed intake) and statistical (processing of the results obtained) methods of research. The use of mixed feeds in feeding broilers chicken which contained glycinate of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper making 75 % of the needs, contributes to increasing their body weight by 2.5 % and increasing the growth rate by 2.4 %. Feed costs per 1 kg of broilers chicken growth were 1.5 % lower than the young bird index of the control group.
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Åhman, Birgitta. „The use of bentonite and zeolite as caesium-binders in feed to reindeer - experiences from Sweden“. Rangifer 10, Nr. 4 (01.09.1990): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.10.4.912.
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Feeding is used in Sweden to lower radiocaesium levels in reindeer before slaughter. In feeds used for this purpose, bentonite is added as a caesium-binder to prevent absorption of radiocaesium, since the animals usually have som access to contaminated pasture in their corrals. Bentonite is efficient as a caesium-binder but increases water consumption and excretion of urine. Zeolite has been used as a caesium-binder to reindeer in a few experiments. The effect, however, has been inferior to that of bentonite. It seems that zeolite, mixed in feeds, loose some of its effect as the feed is stored. The need of a caesium-binder is demonstrated by results from practical feeding of reindeer where radiocaesium levels have not decreased as expected when feed without bentonite has been used.
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Mishukovskaya, G. S., M. G. Giniyatullin, D. V. Shelekhov, E. A. Smolnikova und A. I. Naurazbaeva. „EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR AUTUMN FEEDING OF HONEY BEES“. VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 53, Nr. 1 (27.03.2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2020-53-1-99-106.
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Jain, Agam, Aditya Kumar Gupta, Kana Ram Jat und Sushil Kumar Kabra. „Late dumping syndrome in an infant on feeding jejunostomy“. BMJ Case Reports 12, Nr. 5 (21.05.2019): e228471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228471.
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This article presents the case of a 3-month-old male child, who while on bolus jejunostomy tube feeds, developed recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia. This infant had presented with failure to thrive with moderate gastroesophageal reflux necessitating a feeding jejunostomy. The infant was started on bolus feeds through the jejunostomy tube but developed recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia. On evaluation, these episodes were hyperinsulinaemic and the baby was subsequently diagnosed with a late dumping syndrome. On changing the feeds to a continuous infusion and by eliminating added sugar from the feeds, the glucose fluctuations resolved. Dumping syndrome is a well-known complication in adults undergoing gastric surgeries. In the paediatric age group, dumping syndrome has been reported rarely, most commonly as a complication of Nissen fundoplication.
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Aradhya, Abhishek S., Inderjot Kaur, Rima Gupta, Sonaljot Kaur, Yamasandi Siddegowda Shrimanth, Parveen Darshan Masih und Praveen Kumar. „Implementing a three-hourly feeding schedule in stable preterm infants to decrease maternal fatigue“. BMJ Open Quality 10, Suppl 1 (Juli 2021): e001439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001439.
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BackgroundA three-hourly feeding schedule has been shown to be as safe as a two-hourly schedule in preterm neonates. It saves nursing time and may be less tiring for the mothers. However, tradition and apprehensions have prevented its wider acceptance. We used a quality improvement approach to implement a three-hourly feeding schedule in stable preterm infants >32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in our unit through a series of plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycles.MethodsAll preterm neonates >32 weeks PMA, who were on full enteral feeds and without any respiratory support were eligible. The key quantitative outcome was maternal fatigue score. Safety was assessed in terms of episodes of hypoglycaemia and feed intolerance. Qualitative experiences from nursing staff were captured. The volume of expressed breastmilk and requirement of formula feeds were also recorded. After recording baseline data on a two-hourly feeding schedule, four PDSA cycles were sequentially completed over 21 weeks. The results of each PDSA cycle informed the change strategy for the next cycle.ResultsIn the baseline phase, five neonates on a two-hourly schedule were studied. In PDSA cycles I, II, III and IV, a cumulative of 122 neonates were studied on a three-hourly schedule. There was a significant decrease in median maternal fatigue score (13 (IQR 8–23) to 3 (IQR 1–6); p=0.01)). Only one neonate had feed intolerance, while two had mild asymptomatic transient hypoglycaemia. Six (5%) neonates were shifted to two-hourly feeds temporarily due to transient reasons. Nursing staff felt mothers could devote more time to Kangaroo mother care. The volume of expressed breastmilk and requirement of formula feeds were not different from the three-hourly schedule.ConclusionsIt was possible to change the traditional two-hourly feeding schedule to three-hourly in stable preterm infants using a quality improvement approach, while objectively documenting its safety and benefits.
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Nedashkivskyi, V. M. „The effectiveness of using glucose-fructose syrup for feeding bees in under cover conditions“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, Nr. 93 (21.09.2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9302.
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The beekeeping practice provides for using stimulating feeding of the bee colonies in order to accelerate their growth and development. Sugar syrup is usually used to feeding bees. Despite the obvious benefits, sugar syrup use as a feed additive which has a number of disadvantages. This is due to the different origin of such syrup (beet, sugarcane, corn, fructose syrup, etc.) and, accordingly, different effects on the physiological and metabolic processes of the body and the life of bees and their colonies as a whole. In recent years, scientific research has intensified in many countries of the world to find new substitutes for sugar syrup to feed bee colonies. One of the artificial substitutes for carbohydrate feed to bees is glucose-fructose syrup content of reducing sugars close to honey and exceed to invert syrup. Glucose-fructose syrup is produced mainly from high-quality corn starch by enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose, followed by isomerization part of glucose into fructose and subsequent purification through coal core and ion exchange resins. It contains all the essential amino acids, trace elements, B vitamins, and does not require the release of a large amount of enzyme by bees, as is in the case of sugar syrup. Its use as a feed additive increases the bees life span does not lead them to expired, preserves the activity of their hypopharyngeal glands and allows to put food directly into the cells. The article presents results of the research on the effectiveness of stimulating the development of bee colonies and pollination of cucumbers in under cover conditions for using glucose-fructose syrup. It has found that for stimulating feeding of the bee colonies are used glucose-fructose syrup at the rate of 200 g per day in under cover conditions, against the background of the presence sufficient feed honey and bee bread in the nests, contributes to an increase the amount of brood grown by 13.5 % (P < 0.01) and the amount of pollen brought by them by 20.1 %.
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Andrianova, Yelena, und Ivan Yegorov. „Microbiological synthesis protein usage in quail feeding“. Poultry and Chicken Products 25, Nr. 6 (2022): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/2073-4999-2022-24-6-12-14.
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Animal origin protein sources and protein feeds at the base of soya and soya processing products are poultry diet important components. Protein products being received with usage of modern technologies of microbiological synthesis may be used as an alternative protein source. Positive results have been received in experiment with pharaon breed quails that were fed with these products instead of fish meal during all the raising period. Complete fish meal replacement with this protein has led to 42-day quails average body weight by 1.95% in comparison with control group. Male and female body weight has been more than in control group by 0.39 and 3.3% respectively and feed conversion has been better by 2.93%.
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Ou, Jocelyn, Cathleen M. Courtney, Allie E. Steinberger, Maria E. Tecos und Brad W. Warner. „Nutrition in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Following Intestinal Resection“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 2 (18.02.2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020520.
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This review aims to discuss the role of nutrition and feeding practices in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), NEC prevention, and its complications, including surgical treatment. A thorough PubMed search was performed with a focus on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials when available. There are several variables in nutrition and the feeding of preterm infants with the intention of preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Starting feeds later rather than earlier, advancing feeds slowly and continuous feeds have not been shown to prevent NEC and breast milk remains the only effective prevention strategy. The lack of medical treatment options for NEC often leads to disease progression requiring surgical resection. Following resection, intestinal adaptation occurs, during which villi lengthen and crypts deepen to increase the functional capacity of remaining bowel. The effect of macronutrients on intestinal adaptation has been extensively studied in animal models. Clinically, the length and portion of intestine that is resected may lead to patients requiring parenteral nutrition, which is also reviewed here. There remain significant gaps in knowledge surrounding many of the nutritional aspects of NEC and more research is needed to determine optimal feeding approaches to prevent NEC, particularly in infants younger than 28 weeks and <1000 grams. Additional research is also needed to identify biomarkers reflecting intestinal recovery following NEC diagnosis individualize when feedings should be safely resumed for each patient.
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Захарова, Darya Zakharova, Зотеев, Vladimir Zoteev, Симонов und Gennadiy Simonov. „THE APPLICATION OF BEER DRY PELLET IN YOUNG GOAT FODDER“. Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, Nr. 1 (18.03.2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18325.
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The purpose of research is to give an assessment to profitability of the beer dry pellet use in compound feeds for young goat stock. Scientific economic experiment has been made on young goats of Zaanen breed. Animals were divided into three groups, 6 heads in each. Compound feed of control group didn´t contain beer dry pellet (BDP), and the second experiment group feed contained 5.0% BDP (by weight), instead of oats and linen cake part parts, and the composition of compound feed for 3d group included 10.0% of BDP (by weight). During experiments it has been established that at experiment groups exchange processes proceeded more intensively. In blood serum of nanny-goats of experiment groups the content of the general protein exceeded control for 1.9-7.9%, the protein index (А\G coefficient), of animals 3d group was above control for 10.1%. Activity of ALT and AST aminotransfer which indicators were higher in experiment groups by comparison with the control also testifies to intensity of protein exchange. Fluctuations of biochemical indicators of blood were in limits of physiological norm, and, so introduction to a diet of these quantities of beer dry pellet had no negative impact for animals health. Feeding of the compound feed containing BDP reduces prime cost of 1 kg of gain in comparison with control by 2.6% in the 2nd experiment group and for 5.7% in the 3d experiment group. In 2nd and 3d groups, the level of profitability was 3.0-6.4 abs% higher than that in control respectively. Compound feeds cost for 2nd and 3d experiment groups was lower than the cost of compound feed of control group for 1.83% and 4.42% respectively. The experiments conducted give a chance to conclude that the use of BDP in compound feeds for young goat stocks has found to be profitable.
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Nedashkivskyi, V. M. „The influence of partial substitutes of protein feed of bees on the production of drone larvae homogenate“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, Nr. 92 (08.05.2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9203.
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The biological value of the bee drone brood homogenate is showed. In recent times, the bee drone brood homogenate has become widely used among the population. In particular, the nutritional value the drone brood homogenate is determined by a high content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, organic acids, vitamins, mineral compounds and other important chemical agent for the body. In the fresh state, the drone brood homogenate is cream-like, a slightly viscous substance of light yellow color with a pleasant smell of baked bread and a specific sweet taste. It has a high content of fat, protein and high biological value of elements compounds. Production the drone brood homogenate includes: preparation of bee colonies, rearing of drone brood, selection of drone brood and their processing. The drone brood homogenate contains about 73 % of water, 13 % of protein (21 free amino acids), 1 % of fat (29 higher fatty acids), water- and fat-soluble vitamins, 131 mg/kg of carotene and also has an active acidity (pH) at level of 6.5 ± 0.29. Chemical analysis of different age drone brood shows that the vast majority of identified substances are contained in the homogenate of seven-day drone brood which are the most suitable for homogenization in order to obtain the highest quality product. It is known that drone brood has the same properties as royal jelly. Both of these products contain almost the same amount of protein and reducing sugars per unit of dry weight. It was studied the effectiveness of using substitutes protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptides and pollen) in bee feeding during the harvesting honey. It was found that feeding bee colonies with soy peptides are increased the production of drone brood homogenate by 79.6 % in compared with using defatted soy flour.
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Ham, Brian R., Christopher A. Myrick, Frederic T. Barrows, Carl J. Yeoman, Glenn C. Duff, Mark G. Maskill und Wendy M. Sealey. „Feed Characteristics Alter Growth Efficiency of Cutthroat Trout“. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052014-jfwm-042.
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Abstract Hatchery-cultured cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii fed some commercially available rainbow trout feeds display slow growth and increased mortality. Feed characteristics such as buoyancy and texture alter feed acceptance in some fish species, but their effects have not been adequately addressed in cutthroat trout. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether feed structure and behavior preferences explain the decreased hatchery performance of juvenile cutthroat trout. To achieve this, we conducted two feeding trials in which we fed Westslope cutthroat trout O. clarkii lewisi and Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout O. clarkii behnkei a single diet formulation manufactured to display four different characteristics (floating, sinking, semimoist pellets, or a flake feed) and compared consumption, weight gain, and survival. In the first feeding trial, we stocked Westslope cutthroat trout (initial weight 11.3 g ± 0.5 g) at 20 fish/tank. We used two different sizes of tanks, with four replicate small tanks (54-L) and two replicate large tanks (96-L) per feed type. Results of the first trial demonstrated a significant effect of feed type but not tank size on weight gain of Westslope cutthroat trout with no interaction. Westslope cutthroat trout fed the flake feed gained less weight than did fish fed any of the other feed types. Feed conversion ratio was affected by both feed type and tank size with no interaction. In a second feeding trial, Snake River cutthroat trout (initial weight 19.5 g ± 0.5 g) were stocked at 20 fish/tank in 96-L tanks with four replicate tanks per feed type. Results of the second trial demonstrated that Snake River cutthroat trout fed the flake feed grew less, had higher feed conversion ratio, elevated hepatosomatic index, and reduced muscle ratio compared with fish fed the other feeds. Results demonstrate that flake feeds are not adequate for cutthroat trout at this life stage. However, additional research is needed to address other culture-related limitations because only minor differences between fish fed other feed types were detected.
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Deaville, E. R. „The role of biotechnology in enhancing the digestion of forage cell walls by ruminants (jerry hughes scholarship)“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (März 1995): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200590693.
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The term biotechnology has been defined as the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture and service industries (Anon, 1980) and is, therefore, more than the application of ‘genetic engineering’ techniques alone. The potential application of biotechnology to the agricultural livestock industry includes many wide ranging areas: animal health; breeding; livestock production; livestock nutrition and the nutritive value of feeds. The role of biotechnology in animal nutrition and feeding is of particular importance since feed costs account for a significant proportion of the total variable costs in any livestock production system (e.g. milk, meat). The potential implications of biotechnology in animal nutrition has been reviewed by Armstrong (1986) and includes references to the improvement of the nutritive value of feeds through, for example, genetic manipulation of feed sources (cereals), appropriate supplementation and the use of biological inoculants with or without enzymes as silage additives and to improvements in the ability of the animal to obtain nutrients from feeds through the addition of enzymes to feeds and modification of rumen microbes through genetic engineering.
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Deaville, E. R. „The role of biotechnology in enhancing the digestion of forage cell walls by ruminants (jerry hughes scholarship)“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (März 1995): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028403.
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The term biotechnology has been defined as the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture and service industries (Anon, 1980) and is, therefore, more than the application of ‘genetic engineering’ techniques alone. The potential application of biotechnology to the agricultural livestock industry includes many wide ranging areas: animal health; breeding; livestock production; livestock nutrition and the nutritive value of feeds. The role of biotechnology in animal nutrition and feeding is of particular importance since feed costs account for a significant proportion of the total variable costs in any livestock production system (e.g. milk, meat). The potential implications of biotechnology in animal nutrition has been reviewed by Armstrong (1986) and includes references to the improvement of the nutritive value of feeds through, for example, genetic manipulation of feed sources (cereals), appropriate supplementation and the use of biological inoculants with or without enzymes as silage additives and to improvements in the ability of the animal to obtain nutrients from feeds through the addition of enzymes to feeds and modification of rumen microbes through genetic engineering.
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Estaún, J., J. Dosil, A. Al Alami, A. Gimeno und A. de Vega. „Effects of including olive cake in the diet on performance and rumen function of beef cattle“. Animal Production Science 54, Nr. 10 (2014): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14352.
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Beef meat in many Mediterranean countries is produced by feeding the animals with high proportions of concentrates and barley straw. In these conditions, feeding costs are high and compromise the profitability of feedlots. Mediterranean countries are also major producers of olive oil, and the processing of this product generates a large quantity of co-products with a high environmental impact. No data appear available in the literature about the effects of including olive by-products in the diet of beef cattle on animal performance. A pen-feeding study was carried out during two growing phases: from 100 to 250 kg (12 weeks), and from 250 to 450 kg (18 weeks). During the first phase 120 steers (mostly Friesian, with an average age of 129 ± 1.1 days) were distributed in six groups of 20 animals each. Two groups were assigned to one of each of the following treatments: a control compound feed based on barley, control with 10% dry matter (DM) substituted by second-extraction pitted and dehydrated olive cake, and control with 20% DM substituted by olive cake. Compound feeds of this first phase were formulated to contain 16–17% crude protein, and were offered ad libitum to the animals. Barley straw was offered as a roughage source. Animals were weighed every 3 weeks, and a digestibility trial was carried out in the middle of the period with four animals per treatment. During the second phase, compound feeds were formulated to contain 14.5–15% crude protein. Rumen fermentation was studied using six steers and the feeds employed in the second growing phase, following a crossover design with two periods. Concentrates were offered once daily allowing at least 10% refusals. Barley straw was also offered as a source of roughage. For each period of the crossover, 15 days were allowed for adaptation to the experimental diets. Samples of rumen liquid were taken at 0 (just before), 4 and 8 h after feeding. The pH, and concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were determined. Inclusion of up to 20% second-extraction pitted and dehydrated olive cake (DM basis) in the diet did not affect performance of beef steers for the whole growth period. Inclusion of those ingredients in the diet of these animals might be advisable depending on their market price.
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Klein, Frank, Tony Lupo, Don Pielack, Mark Mozola, David Pinero, Scott Coates, Nancy Thiex, Christoph von Holst und Jim Drouillard. „Validation Study of a Lateral-Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Ruminant By-Product Material in Animal Feeds and Feed Ingredients: Performance-Tested MethodSM 010405“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, Nr. 6 (01.09.2005): 1583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1583.
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Abstract An immunoassay with a lateral flow format has been developed for the detection of ruminant by-product material in animal feeds and feed ingredients. The test is designed for the analysis of animal feeds destined for feeding to ruminants to ensure that they do not contain ruminant by-products in violation of the ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1997. This feed ban was established as a firewall against exposure of ruminant livestock animals to the prion agents responsible for neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie. The test is designed for field use, e.g., at a feed mill, and yields a qualitative (presence/absence) result in 15–20 min. The objective of the study was to validate the lateral-flow test for detection of ruminant by-product material in a variety of finished animal feeds and feed ingredients. Results indicate that the test is specific for ruminant material and can detect as little as 1% ruminant material in these commodities.
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Nasri, M. H. Fathi, M. Danesh Mesgaran und E. Kebreab. „Evaluation of a zero-order model to describe ruminal degradation kinetics of whole soybean incubated in situ“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030155.
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In situ incubation of feeds in the rumen serves as a basic procedure in many feed evaluation systems. The formulation of hypotheses concerning underlying biological concepts of ruminal degradability has led to development of different mathematical models describing the resultant time course disappearance curves of feed fractions. The use of models allows comparison of parameter estimates (or combinations thereof), which ideally reflect these biological concepts, between feeds or feeding systems. Among different factors affecting the experimental measurements of in situ ruminal disappearance of feeds, less attention has been paid to choice of mathematical model to fit the curves and the goodness-of-fit of the model. The objective of the present work, therefore, was to evaluate the ability of a zero-order mathematical model to describe in situ disappearance curves obtained with whole soybean, and to give adequate estimates of the parameters needed to determine extent of ruminal degradation.
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Murray, J. M. D., M. J. S. Moore-Colyer, A. C. Longland und C. Dunnett. „The effect of sugar-beet pulp on the nutritive value of high-temperature dried alfalfa for ponies“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006852.
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Feeding horses high levels of cereal starch can result in diet-related azoturia, laminitis and colic, whereas high fibre, forage-based diets do not generally elicit these conditions. Therefore, it would be advantageous to develop fibrous feeds with increased digestibilities, permitting horses with high energy demands to be sustained on greater forage: cereal starch ratios. High temperature dried (HT) alfalfa has been fed to horses for a number of years and it is common practise to combine this with sugar beet pulp (SB) another nutritious fibrous feed for horses. Synergistic effects of SB when added to fibre-based diets have been observed in other species in vivo (Longland et al., 1994) whereby the digestibility of graminaceous feeds has been increased. However, such effects have been little examined in horses fed a leguminous-forage diet. The aim of this study therefore, was to determine if SB enhanced the digestibility of alfalfa, a forage legume that is increasingly being fed to equines in the UK.
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Karunkyi, O., T. Reznik, S. Mkrtchyan und O. Kishlali. „РRODUCTIVITY OF PIGS WHEN FEEDING SUSPENSION OF CHLORELLA“. Аграрний вісник Причорномор'я, Nr. 94 (25.12.2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2019.94.10.
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The expediency and effectiveness of the use of chlorella suspension in the composition of fodder, during growing and fattening of pigs, in a dose of 500 ml per head per day was experimentally substantiated.Balancing the diets of the sub-samples of experimental groups, with the necessary indicators of complete feeding in accordance with detailed norms and ensuring the optimal ratio of the main elements due to the chlorella suspension, positively influenced the metabolism of the animals and their assimilation. It has been proved that the introduction of chlorella suspension in rations during growing and fattening of young pigs promotes an increase in average daily increments by 21,9%, reduces feed costs for obtaining 1 ts for 0,7 feeds unit.
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Gater, J., und T. Counsell. „A comparative study of equine compound feeds for leisure and performance horses“. BSAP Occasional Publication 35 (2006): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00042671.
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A wide variety of equine compound feeds are now available, aimed at simplifying the feeding of horses, by removing the need for detailed nutritional calculations previously necessary with ‘straights’. It is assumed that the majority of feed sales are based on the name of the manufacturer and the branding of the individual product rather than the nutritional content. Research in equine nutrition has accelerated in the last decade and a greater academic understanding of equine nutrition has now been reached (Pagan 1998; Pagan 2001; Lawrence 2001). It appears that an ever-widening gap is being created between academic research and the end consumers, with regard to ration formulation and the nutritional requirements of horses. This gap is mainly being bridged by the compound feed manufacturers who are widely trusted to deliver correctly balanced compound feed. The objective of the present study is to investigate energy levels and sources of energy in compound feeds against peer-reviewed research standard levels (NRC 1989; Lawrence 2001) to ascertain whether feed manufacturers are delivering metabolically efficient and nutritionally balanced sources of energy in compound feeds for horses.
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Aaqillah-Amr, Mohd Amran, Ariffin Hidir, Mohamad N. Azra, Abdul Rahim Ahmad-Ideris, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Mat Noordin Noordiyana und Mhd Ikhwanuddin. „Use of Pelleted Diets in Commercially Farmed Decapods during Juvenile Stages: A Review“. Animals 11, Nr. 6 (12.06.2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061761.
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The increasing market demand for decapods has led to a considerable interest in cultivating decapod species at a larger scale. Following the development of hatchery technologies, most research has focused on the development of formulated feeds for commercially farmed decapods once they enter the juvenile stages. The use of formulated feed for decapods at a commercial scale is still in the early stages. This is probably because of the unique feeding behavior that decapods possess: being robust, slow feeders and bottom dwellers, their feeding preferences change during the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic juveniles as their digestive systems develop and become more complex. The current practice of decapod aquaculture involves the provision of juveniles with food such as natural diet, live feed, and formulated feed. Knowledge of nutrient requirements enables diets to be better formulated. By manipulating the levels of proteins and lipids, a formulated feed can be expected to lead to optimal growth in decapods. At the same time, the pellet’s physical characteristics are important factors to be considered upon formulating commercially farmed decapod feeds, considering the unique feeding behavior of the decapod. However, most published studies on decapod nutrition lack data on the physical characteristics of the feed types. Thus, it is difficult to establish a standard feed formulation that focuses on the physical pellet properties. Moreover, careful consideration must be given to the feeding behavior of species, as decapods are known as bottom feeders and are robust in terms of handling feed. Information on the pellet forms, diet composition, and unique feeding behaviors in commercially farmed decapods is gathered to suggest potential better formulated diets that can optimize growth and reproduction. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the information that has been published to date and to come up with suggestions on ways to improve the feed formulation in decapods that comply with their feeding behavior and nutrient requirements. Further research is needed to explore the potential of the pelleted feed at the adult stage so the decapod can take full advantage of the nutrients present in the pellets.
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Laving, Ahmed R., Syeda Ra’ana Hussain und Daisy O. Atieno. „Overnutrition: Does Complementary Feeding Play a Role?“ Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 73, Suppl. 1 (2018): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490088.
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Globally, obesity is considered an epidemic due to an increase in its prevalence and severity especially among young children and adolescents. This nutritional disorder is not limited to affluent countries as it is becoming increasingly prevalent in developing countries. Obesity is associated not only with cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and respiratory diseases, but also with psychological complications, implying a problem of far-reaching consequences for health and health services. Recently, evidence-based studies have shown that the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the type of complementary feeds during the weaning period of an infant may have an effect on overnutrition later on in life. Thus, stemming the tide of obesity early on in life would potentially decrease the prevalence and complications of adult obesity, which could have significant implications for health care and the economy at large. This review explores the role of complementary feeding in obesity and approaches to prevention and treatment of childhood obesity by summarizing key systematic reviews. In conclusion, we found that although the relationship between complementary feeding and childhood obesity has been suspected for a long time, specific risk parameters are not as firmly established. Early introduction of complementary feeds (before the 4th month of life), high protein and energy content of feeds, and nonadherence to feeding guidelines may be associated with overweight and obesity later in life.
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Marsh, S. P., und C. Rudden. „Processed urea treated whole-crop wheat (Alkalage) for finishing beef cattle“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007729.
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Since feed accounts for 75-85% of the variable costs of beef production, the use of alternative feeds and high-energy forages that have a lower cost per unit of energy are worthy of investigation. The technique of harvesting cereals where the whole-crop is harvested at a dry matter (DM) content of 650-750g/kg with the harvester fitted with a grain processor has recently been developed. The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of feeding either adlibitum processed urea treated whole-crop wheat (Alkalage) or cereals on the performance of Continental cross beef cattle since there is no data on the performance of beef cattle fed Alkalage.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, G. Perrott und M. Witt. „Simple mixes of molassed sugar beet feed, field beans and distillers grains for pregnant March-lambing ewes“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200005007.
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Feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy and in early lactation has shown that ewe and lamb performance can be satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation is fed (Davies and Chapple, 1995). Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration. However, soya bean meal is imported and may not be fully traceable. Maize or barley distillers fed with beans could provide traceable protein to replace soya bean meal in sheep diets. Experiments with housed early-lambing ewes and ewes suckling twin lambs at grass have shown that traceable feeds, based on molassed sugar beet and either maize or barley distillers grains, can replace a barley/soya supplement when fed with straw based diets in late pregnancy or at grass (Chappleet al., 1999 and 2000). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds with distillers grains and beans to March-lambing ewes on a straw-based system.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, M. W. Witt und W. E. Blackburn. „Evaluation of an ensiled mix of moist sugar beet feed (pressed pulp) plus maize distillers dark grains as a supplement for twin-bearing March-lambing ewes fed straw-based diets“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012576.
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Feeding lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy is practised on many livestock/arable farms. Simple mixes of molassed sugar beet feed and distillers dark grains have been cost effective supplements for March-lambing ewes fed straw and produced satisfactory ewe and lamb performance (Chappleet al., 1998 and 2001). An ensiled mix of pressed sugar beet pulp and dried maize distillers grains (Praize, Trident Feeds) has been fed as the sole diet for finishing lambs (Pattinsonet al., 2001) but there is little information on feeding Praize to pregnant ewes. The objective of this study was to compare ewe and lamb performance when March-lambing ewes were fed on a straw-based system and supplemented with either a cereal/protein home-mix, Praize or one of two dried sugar beet pulp/protein mixes.
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Marinchenko, Tatiana. „Resource-saving technologies for preparing fodder crops“. BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700106.
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A modern animal husbandry needs balanced feeding with rational use of feed and the maximum involvement of unconventional feed. At the same time, issues of increasing the nutritional value of feeds, improving quality, reducing the share of cereals remain urgent, since they occupy a significant part in the composition of the diet and cost structure. The application of modern feed processing technologies increases the efficiency of their use, increases the performance of animal husbandry, as evidenced by numerous experiments. The organization of feed production based on own feed resources significantly reduces the cost of production. The application of a number of technologies has been discussed and justified, which allows obtaining feed with high zootechnical and consumer characteristics, as well as with high rates of nutrition, digestibility and biological value with a significant reduction in the cost of feeding.
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Wang, Hao, Zhigang Wu, Jieliang Zhao und Jianing Wu. „Nectar Feeding by a Honey Bee’s Hairy Tongue: Morphology, Dynamics, and Energy-Saving Strategies“. Insects 12, Nr. 9 (24.08.2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090762.
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Most flower-visiting insects have evolved highly specialized morphological structures to facilitate nectar feeding. As a typical pollinator, the honey bee has specialized mouth parts comprised of a pair of galeae, a pair of labial palpi, and a glossa, to feed on the nectar by the feeding modes of lapping or sucking. To extensively elucidate the mechanism of a bee’s feeding, we should combine the investigations from glossa morphology, feeding behaviour, and mathematical models. This paper reviews the interdisciplinary research on nectar feeding behaviour of honey bees ranging from morphology, dynamics, and energy-saving strategies, which may not only reveal the mechanism of nectar feeding by honey bees but inspire engineered facilities for microfluidic transport.
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Madhusudhan, Kamatham, Rajeev P.K, Shireesha A und Gummadi Vandana Ushashree. „Study of risk factors of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children 6 months to 5 years of age and evaluation of effect of micronutrient supplementation (WHO protocol) on serum zinc and magnesium levels: a case control study“. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, Nr. 4 (21.06.2017): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20172112.
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Background: Although risk factors for malnutrition have been identified earlier, individual factors potentially change in specific areas over time and a current characterization of risk factors provide the basis for preventative intervention strategies. No guidelines in relation to duration of micronutrient supplementation for treatment of SAM are available. Thus, the study was done to know the adequacy of dose of micronutrients that are presently being supplemented (WHO Protocols) for treating SAM.Methods: It is a case-control study involving 100 cases with severe acute malnutrition and 100 controls having normal nutrition status 6 months to 5 years of age. Detailed clinical data (using a predesigned questionnaire) and anthropometric measurements were recorded for analysis. Blood assay of Zinc, Magnesium and serum Proteins were done on the day of admission (day 1) and again after 2 weeks of treatment with nutritional supplementation (WHO protocols).Results: Out of 100 SAM Cases, 42% were from rural area whereas 76% of controls belonged to urban region (p value 0.03). Twenty-four (24%) mothers of SAM cases were Illiterate, whereas only 6 % of mothers in controls were illiterate. 57 % SAM cases were given breast feeding after 4 hours of life, where as 61% controls were given their first feed within 1 hour of birth with p value <0.01. Eighty-eight controls (88%) were given colostrum, whereas only 62 % SAM cases were given colostrum feeds with p value <0.01. Seventy controls (70%) were given exclusive breast feeding for 6 months whereas only 40% of cases (SAM) was given exclusive breast feeding till 6months of age (p value of <0.01). 57% of top fed cases were given over diluted feeds, only 27% of top fed controls were given over diluted feeds (p value 0.02). 53% of cases were bottle fed and 14% of controls were bottle fed with p value <0.01. Mean value of magnesium and zinc before supplementation was 2.4 mg/dl and 117 mcg/dl respectively with no significant rise after supplementation.Conclusions: Here is a correlation of severe acute malnutrition with rural area, maternal Illiteracy and low socioeconomic status, deprivation of colostrums feeding, lack of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, over dilution of top feeds and use of bottle feeding. There is no correlation between SAM and immunization status and demographic parameters like age, sex and religion. SAM is inversely related to duration of exclusive breast feeding. 23% of severely malnourished children had delay of developmental milestones. No significant rise of serum levels was seen with WHO recommended doses of micronutrient supplementation
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Magomedov, M. D., E. Yu Alekseycheva, O. V. Karabanova und E. Yu Kulomzina. „WAYS TO INCREASE THE VOLUME AND INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA“. Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, Nr. 234 (2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-4-118-124.
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The article shows the importance of animal products for the human body. The state of production of meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, as well as eggs and egg products in the Russian Federation (RF) is considered. Their shortage in the country has been revealed. Attention is paid to the great importance of increasing the volume of production of these types of livestock products in the country to meet domestic needs and increase their exports. Low efficiency is shown when feeding animals with pure grain. The necessity of feeding animals only with compound feeds and other types of feed is justified. It is recommended to cooperate with feed and small and mediumsized livestock enterprises on a mutually beneficial basis.
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Silva, Rodrigo Carvalho, João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior, Mary Suzan Varaschin, Raimundo Vicente de Sousa, Luiz Carlos Alves Oliveira, João Luiz Pratti Daniel, Ronaldo Francisco de Lima und Anselmo Oliveira Moreiva. „Chromium poisoning in rats feeding on tannery residues“. Animal Production Science 50, Nr. 4 (2010): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09083.
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The Brazilian tannery industry produces annually an enormous amount of scraps and leather shavings impregnated with chromium due to the tanning process. Technologies have been developed to remove chromium from this material. The resultant residue from the chromium removal process is high in protein with a high digestibility, suggesting that this residue may be used to feed monogastric animals. However, due to the nature of this residue, there is a risk of chromium poisoning and the introduction of botulism. The aim of this work was to establish the risks of adding tannery residues to animal feeds, using rats as an experimental model. Forty-eight Wistar rats were placed under eight treatments in a 2 by 4 factorial arrangement. The rats were fed over 60 days with a standard AIN-93 diet and the treatments consisted of replacing part of the diet with 0, 25, 37.5 or 50% of the chromium-tanned leather residue, in natura, known as ‘wet blue’, or the same percentages of this residue after chromium extraction. Industrial processing was able to remove 70–80% of the chromium from the residue. This high chromium level had a negative effect on the weight gain of the animals and caused lesions in the kidneys especially due to the chromium extraction material, suggesting that the removal process increases the biological activity of chromium, making it nefrotoxic. The gravity of this effect was directly proportional to the inclusion level. The results of this study indicate that until industrial processing is refined so that more of the chromium residue is removed, the use of the tannery residues in animal feeds is not safe.