Thematische Bibliographien / Bee sounds

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Bee sounds“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 22. Februar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Di, Nayan, Muhammad Zahid Sharif, Zongwen Hu, Renjie Xue und Baizhong Yu. „Applicability of VGGish embedding in bee colony monitoring: comparison with MFCC in colony sound classification“. PeerJ 11 (26.01.2023): e14696. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14696.

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Background Bee colony sound is a continuous, low-frequency buzzing sound that varies with the environment or the colony’s behavior and is considered meaningful. Bees use sounds to communicate within the hive, and bee colony sounds investigation can reveal helpful information about the circumstances in the colony. Therefore, one crucial step in analyzing bee colony sounds is to extract appropriate acoustic feature. Methods This article uses VGGish (a visual geometry group—like audio classification model) embedding and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) generated from three bee colony sound datasets, to train four machine learning algorithms to determine which acoustic feature performs better in bee colony sound recognition. Results The results showed that VGGish embedding performs better than or on par with MFCC in all three datasets.

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O.O., Zhukov, und Horbenko V.I. „АДАПТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТАНУ ВУЛИКА ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ ТА АНАЛІЗУ АУДІО“. System technologies 4, Nr. 153 (01.05.2024): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-4-153-2024-01.

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Problem statement. Monitoring the queen bee is crucial for the health and produc-tivity of a bee colony. The queen plays a vital role in reproduction and maintaining the colony's population. Utilizing neural networks, such as CNNs along with sound analysis, can be a valuable tool for monitoring queen bees and assessing their behavior and health within the hive. Purpose. Finding the best way to preprocess audio data and review it is an important task that, if performed well, will help to track the bee hive population and its health state in general. Related work. With the development of deep learning, several studies were done on their application along with sound analysis in bee hive state identi-fication, such as swarming or bee queen detection. Materials and methods. A public la-beled dataset “To bee or not to bee” with bee hive sounds was used for training. It was split by source and then cut into pieces 4 seconds each. Then, CNN models were trained using different audio feature extraction methods, such as MFCCs and STFT. First, it was trained on a first audio set, and then trained models were utilized to analyze their per-formance on the evaluation set of the second audio set. Results and discussion. According to the training and evaluation results, MFCCs-based models have given constant good results, and when used on a limited audio dataset, pre-trained model showed better per-formance than the one trained from zero. Conclusions. The experiment showed that MFCCs is a better performant feature extraction method for a task of the bee hive sounds analysis and bee queen presence identification. Also, even though training a model on a full audio set results in better performance, pre-trained models can detect a bee queen absence in another hive even after an additional training on a limited audio dataset.

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Terenzi, Alessandro, Stefania Cecchi und Susanna Spinsante. „On the Importance of the Sound Emitted by Honey Bee Hives“. Veterinary Sciences 7, Nr. 4 (31.10.2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040168.

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Recent years have seen a worsening in the decline of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. This phenomenon has sparked a great amount of attention regarding the need for intense bee hive monitoring, in order to identify possible causes, and design corresponding countermeasures. Honey bees have a key role in pollination services of both cultivated and spontaneous flora, and the increase in bee mortality could lead to an ecological and economical damage. Despite many smart monitoring systems for honey bees and bee hives, relying on different sensors and measured quantities, have been proposed over the years, the most promising ones are based on sound analysis. Sounds are used by the bees to communicate within the hive, and their analysis can reveal useful information to understand the colony health status and to detect sudden variations, just by using a simple microphone and an acquisition system. The work here presented aims to provide a review of the most interesting approaches proposed over the years for honey bees sound analysis and the type of knowledge about bees that can be extracted from sounds.

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Keikhosrokiani, Pantea, A. Bhanupriya Naidu A/P Anathan, Suzi Iryanti Fadilah, Selvakumar Manickam und Zuoyong Li. „Heartbeat sound classification using a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferences system (ANFIS) and artificial bee colony“. DIGITAL HEALTH 9 (Januar 2023): 205520762211507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221150741.

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death worldwide which can be easily diagnosed by listening to the murmur sound of heartbeat sounds using a stethoscope. The murmur sound happens at the Lub-Dub, which indicates there are abnormalities in the heart. However, using the stethoscope for listening to the heartbeat sound requires a long time of training then only the physician can detect the murmuring sound. The existing studies show that young physicians face difficulties in this heart sound detection. Use of computerized methods and data analytics for detection and classification of heartbeat sounds will improve the overall quality of sound detection. Many studies have been worked on classifying the heartbeat sound; however, they lack the method with high accuracy. Therefore, this research aims to classify the heartbeat sound using a novel optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inferences System (ANFIS) by artificial bee colony (ABC). The data is cleaned, pre-processed, and MFCC is extracted from the heartbeat sounds. Then the proposed ABC-ANFIS is used to run the pre-processed heartbeat sound, and accuracy is calculated for the model. The results indicate that the proposed ABC-ANFIS model achieved 93% accuracy for the murmur class. The proposed ABC-ANFIS has higher accuracy in compared to ANFIS, PSO ANFIS, SVM, KSTM, KNN, and other existing studies. Thus, this study can assist physicians to classify heartbeat sounds for detecting cardiovascular disease in the early stages.

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Müller, Andreas, und Martin K. Obrist. „Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps?“ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81 (25.02.2021): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.61067.

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Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa produces two types of sounds, one of which can be heard up to a distance of 2–3 m (“stroking sounds”), whereas the other is scarcely audible by bare ear (“tapping sounds”). To produce the stroking sounds, the prepupa rapidly pulls a horseshoe-shaped callosity around the anus one to five times in quick succession over the cocoon wall before it starts to produce tapping sounds by knocking a triangularly shaped callosity on the clypeus against the cocoon wall in long uninterrupted series of one to four knocks per second. Sound analysis revealed that the stroking sounds consist of several syllables, which are very similar to the single syllables of the tapping sounds: both last about 0.5 ms and spread over 40 kHz bandwidth from the audible far into the ultrasonic range. The production of stroking sounds by a prepupa induces other prepupae of the same nest to stroke and/or to tap resulting in a long-lasting and simultaneous albeit unsynchronized percussion by numerous prepupae along the whole nest stem. We hypothesize that these disturbance sounds serve an anti-antagonist function and that they have evolved to disturb the reflectance signals that parasitoid wasps use to localize concealed hosts during vibrational sounding.

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Ribeiro, Alison Pereira, Nádia Felix Felipe da Silva, Fernanda Neiva Mesquita, Priscila de Cássia Souza Araújo, Thierson Couto Rosa und José Neiva Mesquita-Neto. „Machine learning approach for automatic recognition of tomato-pollinating bees based on their buzzing-sounds“. PLOS Computational Biology 17, Nr. 9 (16.09.2021): e1009426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009426.

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Bee-mediated pollination greatly increases the size and weight of tomato fruits. Therefore, distinguishing between the local set of bees–those that are efficient pollinators–is essential to improve the economic returns for farmers. To achieve this, it is important to know the identity of the visiting bees. Nevertheless, the traditional taxonomic identification of bees is not an easy task, requiring the participation of experts and the use of specialized equipment. Due to these limitations, the development and implementation of new technologies for the automatic recognition of bees become relevant. Hence, we aim to verify the capacity of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in recognizing the taxonomic identity of visiting bees to tomato flowers based on the characteristics of their buzzing sounds. We compared the performance of the ML algorithms combined with the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and with classifications based solely on the from fundamental frequency, leading to a direct comparison between the two approaches. In fact, some classifiers powered by the MFCC–especially the SVM–achieved better performance compared to the randomized and sound frequency-based trials. Moreover, the buzzing sounds produced during sonication were more relevant for the taxonomic recognition of bee species than analysis based on flight sounds alone. On the other hand, the ML classifiers performed better in recognizing bees genera based on flight sounds. Despite that, the maximum accuracy obtained here (73.39% by SVM) is still low compared to ML standards. Further studies analyzing larger recording samples, and applying unsupervised learning systems may yield better classification performance. Therefore, ML techniques could be used to automate the taxonomic recognition of flower-visiting bees of the cultivated tomato and other buzz-pollinated crops. This would be an interesting option for farmers and other professionals who have no experience in bee taxonomy but are interested in improving crop yields by increasing pollination.

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ANNA, TOMAŃSKA, CHORBIŃSKI PAWEŁ, KLIMOWICZ-BODYS MAŁGORZATA und MILL PHILIP. „Communication among animals and bioacoustics studies on bees.“ Medycyna Weterynaryjna 80, Nr. 05 (2024): 6873–2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6873.

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The communication of honey bees encompasses diverse forms, focusing on signals that resemble those in the learning process. Bioacoustics plays a crucial role in understanding this phenomenon, especially in the context of social insects, where communicative coding is complex and essential for survival. In this article, various aspects of bee communication are analyzed, examining both acoustics and other forms of information transmission. In the bee family, there are several communication mechanisms, such as the dance of bees, vibrations, buzzing, and singing. The dance communication of honey bees, based on dance movements, dates back as far as 40 million years, making it older than human language. This form of communication is linked to environmental needs and determines the survival of bees. Signals from queen bees are associated with reproductive needs within the colony, and other individuals exhibit diverse sound characteristics. Different species of bees utilize various aspects of the environment for communication, including gravity and the position of the sun. The precision of transmitted signals may depend on the distance to a food source or potential threat. Sounds emitted by bees serve diverse functions, such as deterring predators or recruiting other individuals for food collection. Modern technologies, especially bioacoustics, enable more precise studies of bee communication. Advanced methods of vibrational spectrum analysis even allow the prediction of swarming with high effectiveness, which can be particularly useful in beekeeping practices. Studies on the bioacoustic hive, utilizing stereo microphones and soundproofing, indicate the potential of these technologies for a better understanding of bee communication in natural conditions. However, many aspects of bee communication still require more detailed research, such as the role of honey-filled cells in transmitting vibrations, necessitating the use of precise tools and technologies. The bioacoustic hive project, based on traditional bee frames, provides new insights into bee communication, especially concerning sounds generated during bee collisions within the hive. Conclusions from bioacoustic studies have significant practical potential in apiculture. The use of stereo microphones and soundproofing improves the perception and assessment of acoustic phenomena within the hive. Prospects for utilizing sound recorders for continuous monitoring of life inside the hive, and the assessment of zoo-hygienic conditions, underscore the growing importance of bioacoustics in beekeeping practices. These discoveries open new perspectives for research into the social life of these crucial insect species and their conservation.

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ÇIĞ, Arzu, Arzu KOÇAK MUTLU und Nazire MİKAİL. „A different factor in the use of plants in landscape architecture: Sound (type, intensity and duration) in the example of Hyacinthus orientalis L.“ Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, Nr. 3 (05.09.2023): 13271. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313271.

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The effect of music on people has been known for years and is still being researched from different aspects. The effects of music and sound waves on ornamental plants, whose effects on some vegetables, fruits and grains are examined, are also inquired. Especially the positive change in the development and showiness of the flowers of ornamental plant species with commercial importance will increase the market value of the plant. Again, with the effect of this sound wave, in order for the plants and their flowers to show the expected development, they should benefit from the planting environment and growing conditions at the maximum level. In the measurements taken from hyacinths (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) at the end of the duration that the plants were exposed to different types of sounds in different intensities, it was observed that these factors positively affected these parameters successively; 1 hour of bird sound in 50 dB, the number of leaves; 1 hour of bird sound in 90 dB, leaf width and floret length; 3 hours of bird sound in 70 dB, floret number; 3 hours of bird sound in 90 dB, the plant and flower height; 1 hour of bee sound in 50 dB, the stem thickness; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 50 dB, flower and floret width; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 70 dB, leaf length. At the end of the study, whereas it was determined that the bee sound had the least effect on the growth and flowering of the hyacinth, it was observed that the bird and vehicle sounds, that the plants were expose to in different intensities and durations, had a positive effect.

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Dushenkova, Tatiana Rudolfovna. „Cognitive metaphors and comparisons in Udmurt riddles about bees“. Ethnic Culture 6, Nr. 1 (15.03.2024): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-109039.

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The work is devoted to the consideration of riddles about bees in the Udmurt linguistic culture. The article aims to study comparisons and metaphors, as well as analyze the image of an insect in riddles. The material was riddles reflected in special folklore publications and lexicographic sources. During the analysis, linguoculturological, semantic, etymological, and conceptual methods were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the bee in riddles is presented in the form of complex metaphors, comparisons and euphemisms. The bee and the hive in Udmurt culture are revealed in different categories. The hive is most often associated with a house, a pit and a syulyk (a woman’s headdress). The sounds made by a bee and a bee colony are compared to the crying of a baby, the whining of a dog, or the growling of a motor. The bee itself or the bee family is associated in popular fantasy with a daughter-in-law, who is sad about parting with her parents and expecting hardships in the new family. Riddles about bees are typically compared to a huge number of people or a flock of sheep. In quantitative terms, the sound or hum of a beehive corresponds to a hundred or a thousand. Along with crying, the flight of bees from the hive is compared to sifting flour. Fairy tales also reflect the bee's ability to sting, build honeycombs, and make honey.

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Quaderi, Shah Jafor Sadeek, Sadia Afrin Labonno, Sadia Mostafa und Shamim Akhter. „Identify the Beehive Sound using Deep Learning“. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 14, Nr. 4 (31.08.2022): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14402.

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Flowers play an essential role in removing the duller from the environment. The life cycle of the flowering plants involves pollination, fertilization, flowering, seed- formation, dispersion, and germination. Honeybees pollinate approximately 75% of all flowering plants. Environmental pollution, climate change, natural landscape demolition, and so on, threaten the natural habitats, thus continuously reducing the number of honeybees. As a result, several researchers are attempting to resolve this issue. Applying acoustic classification to recordings of beehive sounds may be a way of detecting changes within them. In this research, we use deep learning techniques, namely Sequential Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network, and Recurrent Neural Network, on the recorded sounds to classify bee sounds from the nonbeehive noises. In addition, we perform a comparative study among some popular non-deep learning techniques, namely Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes, with the deep learning techniques. The techniques are also verified on the combined recorded sounds (25-75% noises).

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Bricout, Augustin. „Instrumentation embarquée avec correction déterministe et exploitation par IA de capteurs électroniques : application à la surveillance de ruches“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI019.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des solutions de smart sensing à bas coût, permettant d'améliorer des capteurs peu onéreux grâce à des corrections logicielles. Plutôt que de concevoir des capteurs performants mais coûteux, cette approche vise à créer des capteurs low cost qui sont ensuite corrigés et optimisés via des algorithmes embarqués. Les architectures électroniques récentes offrent désormais une puissance de calcul suffisante pour effectuer ces corrections directement au plus proche de la mesure, edge computing, tout en conservant une consommation énergétique extrêmement faible rendant les systèmes sur batterie viables.Deux approches de correction logicielle sont explorées : une méthode basée sur un algorithme déterministe, et une seconde méthode s'appuyant sur l'intelligence artificielle. Après avoir conçu une architecture de collecte de données adaptée aux ruches d'abeilles, ces deux approches sont mises en œuvre. La première approche, déterministe, est utilisée pour corriger les données provenant des jauges de contrainte dans le cadre d'une balance à ruches. La seconde méthode est appliquée à des capteurs audio MEMS, afin d'extraire des métriques de santé des colonies d'abeilles grâce à des techniques de machine learning
The objective of this thesis is to develop low-cost smart sensing solutions, enhancing inexpensive sensors through software-based corrections. Rather than designing high-performance but expensive sensors, this approach aims to create low-cost sensors that are then corrected and optimized via embedded algorithms. Recent electronic architectures now offer sufficient computational power to perform these corrections directly at the measurement source, known as edge computing, while maintaining extremely low energy consumption, making battery-powered systems viable.Two software correction approaches are explored: a method based on a deterministic algorithm, and a second method relying on artificial intelligence. After designing a data collection architecture suited for beehives, both approaches are implemented. The first, deterministic approach is used to correct data from strain gauges in the context of a hive scale. The second method is applied to MEMS audio sensors, to extract bee colony health metrics using machine learning techniques

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Trevathan, Jeremy. „Sound transmission through walls: A coupled BEM/FEM approach“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5922.

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This thesis examines sound transmission through framed and unframed single and double panel systems. The most common example of such a system is a plasterboard double wall. Numerical modelling techniques were used to accurately simulate the motion of the system in response to airborne stimulus. The model was first applied to the simple case of a panel, freely suspended in an anechoic environment. The modelled results were compared to a series of very detailed experimental results, in which many relevant system parameters had been measured. A very good level of agreement was found between the modelled and experimental results for all the system parameters. The model was then applied to the case of a traditional sound transmission loss test for a single panel. The diffuse incident sound field was approximated using a collection of plane wave sources, and the transmitted intensity was calculated directly. The model was seen to give sound transmission loss results which compared very well with experiment. Such a model proved very useful in studying aspects of sound transmission loss which past workers have found difficult to investigate using other approaches. The level of sound transmitted through the panel was seen to be largely invariant with angle of incidence, illustrating that the 'mass law' is not valid for finite panels. The non-resonant transmission of a finite panel was also predicted accurately by modelling a panel which could vibrate in the fundamental structural mode only. The model was used to conduct several parametric studies, which illustrated the effect of changes in mass, stiffness and size on the sound transmission loss of a single panel. The model was also applied to framed double panel systems. Several major simplifications were required to enable an expedient solution to be obtained for these systems, nevertheless the predicted results compared well with their experimental counterparts. Parametric studies showed that there were significant advantages in having cladding of unequal mass on each side of a double wall, due to an associated reduction in resonant transmission. It was also found that smaller walls had higher levels of sound insulation, but this effect was not the same as that associated with decreasing the stud spacing in a wall of constant size.

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GEORGE, JOHN K. „ANALYTICAL, NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATION OF SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE WALLED MUFFLER SHELLS“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1181226367.

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Lyvers, Christina M. „EVALUATION OF HANDLING EQUIPMENT SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS AS STRESSORS IN BEEF CATTLE“. UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/13.

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Sound pressure level (SPL) is known to cause stress in cattle but is often overlooked as a potential source of fear for cattle when designing handling equipment. Current literature does not offer guidelines for the design of equipment with regard to SPL. It is, however, recommended that handling equipment should be designed to minimize the SPL during handling. The purpose of this experiment was to measure stress levels in a group of cattle which were subjected to a series of varying sounds in order to determine a design threshold limit for handling equipment. Treatments included two frequencies, 1 kHz and 8 kHz, and three intensities, 40, 80, and 120dB. These treatments were assigned to the cattle using a completely randomized two by three factorial design replicated three times for a total of 18 animals being tested. A computer generated noise at each level was played back to the animals once a week for 6 weeks. Stress levels were measured using both physiological (heart rate and eye temperature) and physical (sudden movement) measures. Experiments yielded mixed results and did not prove that any of the sound pressure levels tested had any great effect on the stress level of the cattle.

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Wilsdorf, Michael, Gabi Fischer und Astrid Ziemann. „Einfluss der vertikalen Auflösung der Eingangsprofile bei einem Schallstrahlenmodell“. Universität Leipzig, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16343.

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In der folgenden Ausarbeitung soll der Einfluss der vertikalen Auflösung der Eingangsprofile auf die Schallausbreitungsrechnungen eines Schallstrahlenmodells näher untersucht werden. Der Grund hierfür liegt in dem Auftreten eines „Schichtenproblems“ bei der Arbeit mit einem solchen Modell. Das bedeutet, dass je größer die vertikale Auflösung der Eingangsprofile ist, desto mehr weicht die mit dem Computermodell bestimmte Lösung von der analytischen ab. Im folgenden Beitrag werden verschiedene vertikale Auflösungen untersucht und es wird gezeigt, dass eine höhere Auflösung dieses Problem lösen kann. Die Berechnungen erfolgen mit dem Schallstrahlenmodell SMART. Dieses Modell basiert auf der Berechnung des Weges, den der Schall in einer geschichteten Atmosphäre zurücklegt. Die Berechnungsgrundlage für das Strahlenmodell bilden dabei aus Radiosondendaten interpolierte, sowie klimatologisch klassifizierte Temperatur- und Windprofile. Diese Untersuchungen stellen eine notwendige Grundlage bei der Analyse und Interpretation der durch ein Strahlenmodell gewonnenen Dämpfungsberechnungen dar.
In the following article, effects of the vertical resolution of input data on numerical sound attenuation simulations are investigated. The reason for this lies in the occurrence of a „layer problem“ during work with such a model. That means, even larger the vertical resolution of the input profiles is, so much more the calculated answer deviates from the analytic. Therefore, different vertical resolutions are examined. The analyzed results show that a higher resolution can solve this problem. Calculations are carried out using the sound ray model SMART which considers the dependency of sound ray propagation on stratified atmosphere. As a basis for calculating the sound ray paths interpolated and climatologically classified profiles of temperature and wind obtained from radiosonde data are utilized. These investigations provide a basis for the analysis and interpretation of attenuation calculations derived from a sound ray model.

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Root, Pierce Denise Lyn. „Applying the Study of Bel Canto Vocal Technique to Artistic Horn Playing: Perfect Legato, Beautiful Sound, Agility, and Musical Expression“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/272836.

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Horn players can improve their abilities to play artistically in a lyrical legato style, with a light mechanism, and employ a beautiful sound throughout the range of the horn through the study of bel canto vocal technique. No better singing model exists for horn players than that of the great bel canto singers of the early nineteenth century who were known for their refined technique, perfect legato, even tone, sparkling agility, and beautiful musical expression. Mastery of the expressive bel canto melodic style is a means for horn players to achieve artistry in performance. Pedagogical principles of nineteenth- and twentieth-century bel canto teachers, vocal exercises related to development of bel canto technique, and recorded performances of singers who have specialized in bel canto repertoire are examined. This study culminates in performer's guides to repertoire chosen from the few existing early nineteenth-century solo horn with piano pieces (by Balfe, Mercadante, and Rossini), with bel canto-informed horn technique explained.

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Struhařová, Michaela. „Zvuková postprodukce v oblasti reklamy a filmu, případová studie firmy Studio Beep s.r.o“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199246.

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Main topic of this thesis is description of sound post production in advertising and in the film film industry and making case study of company Studio Beep s.r.o. First aim of this thesis is describe as clearly as possible the theory of sound and sound post production in advertising and in film industry and also show specifics accompanying production of sound in each discipline. The theoretical part contains basic overview about history of sound, sound dramaturgy and about general principles of sound post production. Second aim is practical description of this issue on specific advertising and film projects, which were realized in Studio Beep s.r.o. Practical description helps us with understanding whole issue and with complementing the theoretical part.

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von, Malmborg Solvej, und Tony Martinsson. „Whee da-dum bee-dum : Melodisk kontur hos ljudlogotyper och dess påverkan på varumärkesuppfattning“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18605.

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En ljudlogotyp är en ljudkomposition som används för att särskilja ett varumärke. Ljudlogotypen ingår i varumärkens strategiska arbete för att skapa sig en bild i konsumenters medvetande. Denna bild kallas varumärkesuppfattning. Syftet med denna studie var att utöka kunskapen om hur musik kan användas i kommunikativt syfte i allmänhet och om hur melodin påverkar uppfattningen av varumärken i synnerhet. En webbenkät genomfördes för att studera om olika typer av melodisk kontur hos en ljudlogotyp kan ge olika effekter på hur ett fiktivt varumärke uppfattas ifråga om varumärkespersonlighet. Deltagare rekryterades via sociala medier. Till undersökningen utformades åtta videoklipp innehållande en ljudlogotyp och en grafisk logotyp. Videoklippen var identiska förutom att den melodiska konturen skilde dem åt. Deltagarna skattade i vilken grad de uppfattade fem olika personlighetsdrag hos den ljudlogotyp de fick höra. Resultaten analyserades statistiskt. Genom undersökningen genererades inget stöd för att typ av melodisk kontur skulle ha någon påverkan på uppfattningen av de fem personlighetsdragen. Lämpliga metoder för undersökningar om ljudlogotyper och varumärkesuppfattning diskuteras. För framtida studier inom området föreslås kvalitativa studier samt studier som undersöker andra musikaliska parametrar. Vidare efterfrågas mer forskning om melodisk kontur.
An audio logo, also called sonic logo or sound logo, is a sound composition utilized to differentiate a brand. A sonic logo is part of a brand’s strategy to create an image in the awareness of consumers. This image is called brand perception. The objective of this study was to expand general knowledge about music’s applicability for communicative purposes and moreover to specifically look at how melody affects brand perception. A web survey was conducted to investigate if different types of melodic contour in an audio logo can have different effects on the perception of brand identity for a fictional brand. Participants were recruited using social media. Eight videos consisting of an audio logo and a graphic logo were designed. The videos were identical apart from their melodic contours. Participants rated the degree to which they perceived five different personality traits for the audio logo they heard. The results were analyzed statistically. Through the survey, no support was generated for an impact from the type of melodic contour on the perception of the five personality traits. Appropriate methods for investigating audio logos and brand perception are discussed. For future research within the field qualitative design is suggested, as well asinvestigations into other musical parameters. Furthermore, additional research into melodic contour is proposed.

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Schlittmeier, Sabine. „Arbeitsgedächtnis und Hintergrundschall : gibt es einen "irrelevant sound effect" bei auditiv präsentierten Items? /“. Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013201496&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Define, Lynn Dorsey. „Popular Culture, Thomas Beer, and the Making of "The Sound and the Fury"“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625894.

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Bücher zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Dijs, Carla. Bee says buzzzz. New York, N.Y: H. Holt, 1986.

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Korman, Justine. Bee movie. Des Moines, Iowa: Meredith Books, 2007.

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Dijs, Carla. Bee says buzz. (Swindon): Child's Play, 1986.

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ill, Giacobbe Beppe, Hrsg. Clang-clang! Beep-beep!: Listen to the city. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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Whybrow, Ian. The noisy way to bed. New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, 2004.

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Whybrow, Ian. The noisy way to bed. London: Macmillan Children's, 2003.

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Sachs, Marilyn. At the sound of the beep. New York: Dutton Children's Books, 1990.

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Garcia, Emma. Toot toot beep beep. [London, England]: Boxer Books, 2013.

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ill, Wilson-Max Ken, Hrsg. The baby goes beep. Brookfield, Conn: Roaring Brook Press, 2003.

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Mumford, Thomas F. Kelp and eelgrass in Puget Sound. [Seattle, Wash: Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2007.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Goodwin, Simon N. „Panning Sounds for Speakers and Headphones“. In Beep to Boom, 183–95. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Audio engineering society presents …: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351005548-18.

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Pavan, Gianni, Gregory Budney, Holger Klinck, Hervé Glotin, Dena J. Clink und Jeanette A. Thomas. „History of Sound Recording and Analysis Equipment“. In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_1.

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AbstractOver the last 100 years, there has been an explosion of research in the field of animal bioacoustics. These changes have been facilitated by technological advances, decrease in size and cost of recording equipment, increased battery life and data storage capabilities, the transition from analog-to-digital recorders, and the development of sound analysis software. Acousticians can now study the airborne and underwater sounds from vocal species across the globe at temporal and spatial scales that were not previously feasible and often in the absence of human observers. Many advances in the field of bioacoustics were enabled by equipment initially developed for the military, professional musicians, and radio, TV, and film industries. This chapter reviews the history of the development of sound recorders, transducers (i.e., microphones and hydrophones), and signal processing hardware and software used in animal bioacoustics research. Microphones and hydrophones can be used as a single sensor or as an array of elements facilitating the localization of sound sources. Analog recorders, which relied on magnetic tape, have been replaced with digital recorders; acoustic data was initially stored on tapes, but is now stored on optical discs, hard drives, and/or solid-state memories. Recently, tablets and smartphones have become popular recording and analysis devices. With these advances, it has never been easier, or more cost-efficient, to study the sounds of the world.

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Goodwin, Simon N. „Ambisonic Surround-Sound Principles and Practice“. In Beep to Boom, 197–223. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Audio engineering society presents …: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351005548-19.

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Schoeman, Renée P., Christine Erbe, Gianni Pavan, Roberta Righini und Jeanette A. Thomas. „Analysis of Soundscapes as an Ecological Tool“. In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 217–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_7.

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AbstractSoundscapes have been likened to acoustic landscapes, encompassing all the acoustic features of an area. The sounds that make up a soundscape can be grouped according to their source into biophony (sounds from animals), geophony (sounds from atmospheric and geophysical events), and anthropophony (sounds from human activities). Natural soundscapes have changed over time because of human activities that generate sound, alter land-use patterns, remove animals from natural settings, and result in climate change. These human activities have direct and indirect effects on animal distribution patterns and (acoustic) behavior. Consequently, current soundscapes may be very different from those a few hundred years ago. This is of concern as natural soundscapes have ecological value. Losing natural soundscapes may, therefore, result in a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The study of soundscapes can identify ecosystems undergoing change and potentially document causes (such as noise from human activities). Methods for studying soundscapes range from listening and creating visual (spectrographic) displays to the computation of acoustic indices and advanced statistical modeling. Passive acoustic recording has become an ecological tool for research, monitoring, and ultimately conservation management. This chapter introduces terrestrial and aquatic soundscapes, soundscape analysis tools, and soundscape management.

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Wang, Changlu, und Richard Cooper. „Environmentally Sound Bed Bug Management Solutions“. In Urban Pest Management, 11–35. 2. Aufl. GB: CABI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800622944.0002.

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Cejrowski, Tymoteusz, Julian Szymański, Higinio Mora und David Gil. „Detection of the Bee Queen Presence Using Sound Analysis“. In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75420-8_28.

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Reuter, Anders. „We have always been modular“. In The Routledge Handbook of Sound Design, 291–303. London: Focal Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003325567-20.

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„Winter Sounds“. In How the World Looks to a Bee, 9–10. Indiana University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwh8dr6.9.

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„Vibratory and Airborne-Sound Signals in Bee Communication (Hymenoptera)“. In Insect Sounds and Communication, 439–54. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420039337-38.

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Barth, Friedrich, Michael Hrncir und Jurgen Tautz. „Vibratory and Airborne-Sound Signals in Bee Communication (Hymenoptera)“. In Insect Sounds and Communication, 421–36. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420039337.ch32.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Johnson, Gregory, Kenneth Dykstra, Ryan Cassidy und James Spilsbury. „VDES R-Mode Test Bed in Long Island Sound“. In 37th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2024), 523–38. Institute of Navigation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2024.19681.

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Lafuma, Louis, Guillaume Bouyer, Jean-Yves Didier und Olivier Goguel. „Brightness Is More Efficient Than Delay to Induce Weight Perception in Augmented Reality“. In ICAD 2024: The 29th International Conference on Auditory Display, 73–80. icad.org: International Community for Auditory Display, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2024.011.

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Multimodal feedback is used to convey various and rich informa- tion in virtual environments. It can also change users’ perceptions of the haptic properties of objects through the pseudo-haptic illusion. While visual feedback has been extensively examined to induce haptic properties like weight in virtual reality, only a handful of studies have explored the use of audio feedback, and even fewer in augmented reality. Our study aims to extend, in an augmented reality context, previous research findings that used sound to enhance the weight perception of virtual objects. Participants were asked to grab two objects that produced sounds with different audio delays and brightness and to determine which of the two was heavier. The results on 38 participants showed that while the delay did not affect weight perception, the brightness did have a significant impact. This is in line with previous studies and could be used to enhance the perception of hand interactions in AR.

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Borgianni, Luca, Md Sabbir Ahmed, Davide Adami und Stefano Giordano. „Spectrogram Based Bee Sound Analysis with DNNs: a step toward Federated Learning approach“. In 2023 4th International Symposium on the Internet of Sounds. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf59510.2023.10335200.

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Aumann, Herbert M., und Nuri W. Emanetoglu. „The radar microphone: A new way of monitoring honey bee sounds“. In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808865.

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Matsumoto, Hiroki, Kohshi Nishida und Ken-ichi Saitoh. „Characteristics of Aerodynamic Sound Sources Generated by Coiled Wires in a Uniform Air Flow“. In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33408.

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This study deals experimentally with aerodynamic sounds generated by coiled wires in a uniform air flow. The coiled wire is the model of the hair dryer’s heater. In the experiment, the effects of the outer diameter D, wire diameter d and spacing between coils s of the coiled wire on the aerodynamic sound have been clarified. The results of frequency analyses of the aerodynamic sounds show that an aeolian sound is generated by the coiled wire, when s/d is larger than 1. And the peak frequencies of aeolian sounds generated by the coiled wires are higher than the ones generated by a cylinder having the same diameter d. To clarify the characteristics of the aerodynamic sound sources, the directivity of the aerodynamic sound generated by the coiled wire has been examined. And the coherent function between the velocity fluctuation around the coiled wire and the aerodynamic sound has been measured. Moreover the band overall value of coherent output power between the sound and the velocity fluctuation has been calculated. This method has clarified the sound source region of the aeolian sound generated by the coiled wire. These results show that the aeolian sound is generated by the arc part of the coiled wire which is located in the upper side of the air flow.

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Mekha, Panuwat, Nutnicha Teeyasuksaet, Tanapong Sompowloy und Khukrit Osathanunkul. „Honey Bee Sound Classification Using Spectrogram Image Features“. In 2022 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectidamtncon53731.2022.9720352.

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Schmidmaier, Matthias, Heinrich Hußmann und Dominik Maurice Runge. „Beep Beep: Building Trust with Sound“. In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382848.

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Godinho, L., D. Soares und P. G. Santos. „An ACA-MFS approach for the analysis of sound propagation in sonic crystals“. In BEM/MRM 38. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bem380021.

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Yang, Yunlai, Wei Li, Fahd A. Almalki und Maher I. Almarhoon. „A Tool for Derivation of Real Time Lithological Information from Drill Bit Sound“. In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204895-ms.

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Abstract Real time lithological information at the drill bit is required for some important drilling operations, such as geo-steering and casing shoe positioning. This paper presents a novel tool "Petro-phone" for recording and processing drill bit sounds, which are generated by the drill bit cutting the rock, in order to provide real time lithological information for the rock at the drill bit. A prototype and a preliminary professional version of Petro-phone have been developed and field trialed. Petro-phone is a surface tool with its acoustic sensors attached to the top drive of a drill rig at some strategical locations for maximally picking up drill bit sounds. The drill bit sounds generated at the drill bit transmit along drill string and drive shaft to reach to the acoustic sensors. Since all the parts along the drill bit sound transmission pathway are made of steel, the drill bit sounds transmit efficiently from the source (drill bit) to the sensors. Preliminary results from two field trials show that drill bit sound patterns correlate with lithologies. The results also indicate that a parameter "Apparent Power" of drill bit sounds negatively correlates with gamma log. Due to its true real time nature, Petro-phone potentially has some real time applications, such as geo-steering, casing shoes positioning. Recorded drill bit sound can also potentially be used to derive lithological information, such as lithology type.

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Tadeu, A., J. António und I. Castro. „Sound pressure attenuation provided by a 3D rigid acoustic barrier on a building façade: the influence of its longitudinal shape“. In BEM/MRM2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/be120221.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Bee sounds"

Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park: Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.

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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.

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Olstad, Tyra, Erik Meyer, Erik Meyer und Tyra Olstad. Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Acoustic monitoring report, 2019. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305265.

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This study arose from Carlsbad Cavern National Park?s (CAVE) Technical Assistance Request (TAR; #9250), which identified the need for a baseline acoustic inventory to help understand the park?s existing wilderness character and evaluate potential acoustic impacts from military and civilian overflights. From late October to mid-December 2019, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) gathered acoustic data at one site in CAVE to provide park managers with baseline information about the acoustic environment, including existing ambient sound levels and time-above noise level metrics in the park?s wilderness area. Overall, existing median ambient sound levels (LA50) at CAVE were remarkably quiet at 21.0 dB during the day and 20.1 dB at night. In the lower frequency range (20 ? 1,250 Hz), the sound level of 35 dB (LAeq, 1s), indicative of quiet environments was exceeded only 3.18% of the day and 0.81% of the night. All other key sound levels (i.e., 45 dB and above) were exceeded less than 0.25% of the time. Due to an error with the acoustic recording device, metrics requiring off-site listening could not be determined. As a supplement, a geospatial sound model is used to predict existing and natural ambient sound levels of 32.3 (dBA) and 29.8 (dBA), respectively, with localized impacts from anthropogenic noise.

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Greiner, John. Standard ML Weak Polymorphism Can Be Sound. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267839.

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Rutledge, Annamarie, und Leslie (Leslie Alyson) Brandt. Puget Sound Region. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054016.ch.

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As the climate changes over the 21st century, the Puget Sound region's urban forest will be impacted by changing temperatures and precipitation regimes, leading to implications for the people who depend on its ecosystem services. This report summarizes climate change projections for the Puget Sound region and provides an assessment of tree species vulnerability in the region. We used projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones to understand how tree species of interest are projected to tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted trees to stressors such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution, as well as environmental conditions such as shade, soils, and restricted rooting using "modification factors"--an adaptability scoring system for planted environments. The region has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since 1960, and the average temperature is projected to increase by 5.0°F to 8.6°F by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. Precipitation in the region has been increasing by over 0.5 inches per decade since 1960 and is projected to increase by 2.1 to 3.2 inches by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. By the end of the century, the Puget Sound region is projected to shift from hardiness zones 8-9 to zone 9 completely, and from heat zone 2 to heat zone 3 (RCP4.5) or 6 (RCP8.5), depending on the climate change scenario. Of the evaluated tree species, 27% were rated as having high adaptability, 59% were rated as having medium adaptability, and 14% were rated as having low adaptability. Given that the hardiness zone range is projected to remain within the historical (1980-2009) range, we considered both heat zones alone as well as heat and hardiness zones. Considering heat zones only, most of the assessed tree species fell into the low-moderate vulnerability category (57%), followed by low vulnerability (26%) and moderate vulnerability (17%) under both low and high climate change scenarios. The vulnerability ratings remain the same between low and high climate change scenarios because all assessed tree species are considered suitable under both sets (low and high) of heat zone projections through the end of the century. Considering both heat and hardiness zones, most of the assessed tree species fell into the moderate-high vulnerability category (34%), followed by low-moderate (25%), moderate (18%), low (14%), and high (9%). The vulnerability ratings are the same between low and high climate change scenarios because the projected hardiness zone is the same under both scenarios through the end of the century. The vulnerability of individual species is not the only factor to consider when making urban forestry decisions, and this assessment also contains species diversity and human health as additional factors. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, equity and environmental justice efforts, and long-term planning from partnerships to green infrastructure.

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Valdes, James R., und Heather Furey. WHOI 260Hz Sound Source - Tuning and Assembly. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27173.

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Sound sources are designed to provide subsea tracking and re‐location of RAFOS floats and other Lagrangian drifters listening at 260Hz. More recently sweeps have been added to support FishChip tracking at 262Hz. These sources must be tuned to the water properties where they are to be deployed as they have a fairly narrow bandwidth. The high‐Q resonator’s bandwidth is about 4Hz. This report documents the tuning, and provides an overview of the sound source assembly.

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Albert, Donald G. Calculations of Inhomogeneous Ground Effects in Outdoor Sound Propagation Using the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430712.

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Jay. L51723 Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements Compressor Equipment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Dezember 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010419.

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Increasing legislation and public awareness of noise are intensifying the efforts of industries today to reduce the noise. The natural gas industry has proved that it is one of the industrial leaders in its awareness of noise problems and has maintained a vigorous research program in noise control for over 30 years. A noise survey can be done in several ways: point measurements, grid point methods, contour methods, scanning techniques, etc. The selection of the method depends on the accuracy required, available personnel, expertise etc. For the most accurate determination of sound power, the scanning method using sound intensity measurements is considered to be the best available in present day circumstances. This method is discussed in detail in later chapters. Point and grid point measurements are useful to determine the Sound Pressure Level, but are of limited use in quantifying the Sound Power Level of a noise source in a complex and multi-source environment such as a compressor station. Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements for Compressor Station Equipment Report documents the development of guidelines for in-situ sound power level measurements for compressor station equipment, with sample calculations. Measurement of equipment noise levels in a complex, multi-source environment is very difficult and may be accomplished by several methods. These guidelines specify the sound intensity approach that can be used in almost any field situation. The sound power guidelines described in this report specify the sound intensity approach as the primary measurement method since it can be used in almost any field situation to determine the sound power of a source. In open spaces without reflecting surfaces (except the ground plane) sound pressure measurements may give satisfactory estimates of the sound power of noise sources if background noise is low and other sources can be turned off. Inside a compressor building, the modified reverberation room approach may be allowed, but then only the total sound power can be determined unless background sources can be controlled or other sources turned off. Lastly, the standard guidelines developed were used to conduct field measurements of the sound power of four equipment noise sources including: a) turbine casing, b) turbine air inlet, c) cooler and d) exhaust stack.

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Pabón Méndez, Mónica Rocío, Silvia Andrea Tarazona Ariza, Alfredo Duarte Fletcher und Nelly Johana Álvarez Idarraga. English Vowel Sounds: A Practical Guide for the EFL Classroom. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Februar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.78.

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This guide was created as a response to the needs of the English phonetics and phonology class of the undergraduate Teaching Program of the Faculty of Education at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, where the English language is approached in a more technical, professional, and theoretical way that implicitly leads to an active and meaningful practice in the classroom with simple exercises but challenging enough for the initial level of the students. The guide gives priority to the vowel sounds of English since they are different from those in the Students’ Spanish linguistic inventory, thus, each of the short and long sounds are explained with clear examples. Finally, the guide comes with a QR code that can be easily scanned from any mobile device to access the audios of the proposed exercises to be studied in class or independently by students.

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Valentine-Darby, Patricia, Kimberly Struthers und Dale McPherson. Natural resource conditions at Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303413.

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The National Park Service?s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program developed an NRCA with managers at Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park (CEBE), a partner park located in western Virginia in Frederick, Shenandoah, and Warren counties. An NRCA?s purpose is to synthesize information on the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions, and to report conditions for specific natural resources selected by park managers. Condition assessments were conducted for three of CEBE?s resources?visual resources, night sky, and soundscape?and gap analyses were conducted for two resources?woodlands and meadows. The condition assessment for visual resources, based on an inventory of scenic views at three of the park?s most important viewpoints, led to condition ratings of good/fair for two locations and fair for one location. CEBE?s night sky, assessed using modeled data from the NPS Natural Sounds & Night Skies Division (NSNSD), was found to be about 392% brighter than the natural night sky, leading to a condition rating of fair. To assess CEBE?s soundscape, an NPS NSNSD geospatial model that predicts daytime sound was used. Results indicated a poor condition of sound level park-wide. Stressors for these three resources include adjacent/surrounding residential and commercial development and associated roads, vehicle traffic, and lighting. Both woodlands and meadows were evaluated through gap analyses. Potential stressors on woodlands include non-native invasive plants, non-native invasive insect pests, over-browsing by native white-tailed deer, and climate change. Although some park-specific data exist on these stressors, more information is needed. Similarly, more information is needed on meadows. Most of the data available are related to ongoing work to bring back native vegetation in CEBE?s Morning Attack Trail field.

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Crocker, Malcolm, P. Raju und S. Yang. NPR199201 Standard Sound Power Level Specification and Measurement Procedure. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Oktober 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011640.

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These guidelines describe a method for in-situ determination of the sound power level of the noise sources in indoor or outdoor environments for gas compressor station equipment using sound intensity measurements. The guidelines contain information on instrumentation, installation and operation of the source, procedures for the selection of a measurement surface, procedures for the sampling of sound intensity on the measurement surface, procedures for the calculation of sound power level, and techniques that can be used to qualify the measurement environment. Typical results obtained for different types of equipment in a gas compressor station using these guidelines are summarized.

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