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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Bauplan“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 26. Juli 2024

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1

Bogutskaya, N. G., A. M. Naseka und I. V. Golovanova. „Descriptive osteology of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)“. Zoosystematica Rossica 17, Nr. 2 (30.12.2008): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2008.17.2.111.

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The purpose of this paper is giving an extensive overview of the cranial skeleton of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895) in a form of a formalized scheme that reflect its Bauplan (German for building plan, blueprint; plural: baupläne or bauplaene), a term in biology referring to the common new and original [homologous] properties of the members of a systematic group [taxon]). Each element of the Bauplan can be described by a set of parameters, i.e., size, shape, structure, material composition and position. Though Bauplan is undoubtedly an abstraction, it is a necessary abstraction to be used in phylogenetic analysis with preference to "ingroup" and "outgroup" comparisons.The cranial osteology of black tetra Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895) is described based on the study of larvae, juvenile and adult specimens. Provided are Latin terms and some English equivalents as well remarks on origin, homology and terminology for each cranial bone discussed.

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2

Arnheim, Rudolf, und Henning Genz. „Symmetrie, Bauplan der Welt“. Leonardo 26, Nr. 1 (1993): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1575798.

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3

Cincinnati, P. „67 Human Bauplan Anomalies“. Pediatric Research 58, Nr. 2 (August 2005): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200508000-00096.

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4

Frantz, Alan C., und Heinz Griesbach. „Bauplan Deutsch: Übungsgrammatik mit Satzbauhelfer“. Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 25, Nr. 1 (1992): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3531424.

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5

Putz, R., R. Giunta und M. Müller-Gerbl. „Der ligamentäre Bauplan der Hand“. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 05, S 1 (September 1995): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1061988.

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6

Karl, Silke, und Vanessa Landgraf. „Bauplan für einen TdMfS*S“. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung 31, Nr. 3 (06.09.2023): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dmvm-2023-0062.

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7

Rödel, Volker. „unbekannter Bauplan von lgnaz Michael Neumann“. Archivnachrichten, Nr. 2 (12.12.2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/an.vi2.4824.

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8

Mueller, Thomas. „The Conserved Bauplan of the Teleostean Telencephalon“. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 78, Nr. 4 (2011): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000331869.

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9

Varga, Zoltán, und László Ronkay. „Structural constraints of secondary asymmetry in male external genitalia of Noctuidae“. Insect Systematics & Evolution 44, Nr. 3-4 (2013): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-04402001.

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The basic architecture of the external genitalia of Noctuidae (“genital capsula”) is bilaterally symmetric. Secondary asymmetry is well-known in different subfamilies and tribes. We review and interpret the functions and processes which may be responsible for secondary asymmetry (i.e., dissymmetry) of these structures in terms of structural vs. behavioural working hypotheses. We consider the genital structures as correlated elements of a complex structure (“bauplan”) in which some changes in details can be explained by selection due to optimization of the reproductive success. Major pathways of changes are, however, delimited by some structural constraints which appear in parallel in different phyletic lines of trifine Noctuidae. One of these constraints is the subsistence of symmetry in structures with own musculature. On the other hand, some rigid parts without own musculature can evolve more rapidly and divergently in connection with the different allocation of functions. Such asymmetric structures may have some selective advantages due to the more effective stimulation, on one side, and fixation of genital parts during copulation, on the other. Asymmetric structures can effectively enhance the variations of the spatial geometry but without change of the “bauplan” which can be preserved in parallel in different taxonomical groups. It means that the originally symmetric “bauplan” with its homologies can be considered as a phyletic “heritage”, while the functional dissymmetrisation driven by selective optimization is the “habitus” in which numerous homoplasies can occur.

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10

Lires, Andrés I., Ignacio M. Soto und Raúl O. Gómez. „Walk before you jump: new insights on early frog locomotion from the oldest known salientian“. Paleobiology 42, Nr. 4 (21.03.2016): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.11.

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AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of a Bauplan starts with discriminating phylogenetic signal from adaptation and the latter from exaptation in the observed biodiversity. Whether traits have predated, accompanied, or followed evolution of particular functions is the basic inference to establish the type of explanations required to determine morphological evolution. To accomplish this, we focus in a particular group of vertebrates, the anurans. Frogs and toads have a unique Bauplan among vertebrates, with a set of postcranial features that have been considered adaptations to jumping locomotion since their evolutionary origin. This interpretation is frequently stated but rarely tested in scientific literature. We test this assumption reconstructing the locomotor capabilities of the earliest known salientian, Triadobatrachus massinoti. This extinct taxon exhibits a mosaic of features that have traditionally been considered as representing an intermediate stage in the evolution of the anuran Bauplan, some of which were also linked to jumping skills. We considered T. massinoti in an explicit evolutionary framework by means of multivariate analyses and comparative phylogenetic methods. We used length measurements of major limb bones of 188 extant limbed amphibians (frogs and salamanders) and lizards as a morphological proxy of observed locomotor behavior. Our findings show that limb data correlate with locomotion, regardless of phylogenetic relatedness, and indicate that salamander-like lateral undulatory movements were the main mode of locomotion of T. massinoti. These results contrast with recent hypotheses and indicate that derived postcranial features that T. massinoti shared with anurans might have been later co-opted as exaptations in jumping frogs.

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11

Hanschke, Julian. „renaissancezeitlicher Bauplan des Heidelberger Schlosses in der WLB“. WLBforum 15, Nr. 1 (15.04.2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wlbf.v15i1.341.

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Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes zur Inventarisierung und wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung mittelalterlicher Architekturzeichnungen im deutschsprachigen Raum beschäftigte sich der Verfasser dieses Aufsatzes u.a. mit der Sammlung des württembergischen Generals und Kriegsministers Ferdinand Friedrich von Nicolai (1730-1814) in der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, einem mehrere Tausend Einzelzeichnungen umfassenden Ingenieurnachlass.

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12

Peterson, Kevin J. „The Origin and Early Evolution of the Craniata“. Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 14–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001240.

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The origin of the Craniata (hagfish + Vertebrata [Vertebrata = lamprey + Gnathostoma]—Janvier, 1981), one of the three subphyla of the Phylum Chordata, has generated more controversy in terms of numbers of likely ancestors than the origin of any other metazoan group. The primary difficulty with the origin of craniates, as opposed to the origin of birds, for example, is the bauplan dichotomy that separates craniates from all other “invertebrates.” This dichotomy results in the almost equal plausibility of deriving craniates from any “invertebrate” ancestor. The first attempt at trying to understand the bauplan differences between “invertebrates” and craniates was by Geoffroy St. Hilaire in 1822, who envisioned craniates as arthropods lying on their backs. Since then, many bilaterian phyla have been hypothesized as either direct ancestors or sister groups to the craniates with some recent notable examples being: arthropods (Raw, 1960); nemertines (Willmer, 1975); molluscs (Sillman, 1960; Løvtrup, 1977); urochordates (Jefferies, 1986); and cephalochordates (Gans and Northcutt, 1983).

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13

Antonelli, Peter L., und Solange F. Rutz. „Allometric Laws in Modular Dynamics: The Bauplan of Ontogenesis“. Growth and Form 1, Nr. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gaf.k.200124.002.

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14

Fratzl, Peter. „Biologische Materialien - dem Bauplan natürlicher Hochleistungswerkstoffe auf der Spur“. Physik in unserer Zeit 30, Nr. 5 (1999): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.19990300503.

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15

Meisinger, Norman. „Kritisches Organisationsdesign“. zfo 93, Nr. 3 (2024): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34156/0722-7485-2024-3-31.

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Akteure, Organisationen und selbst ihre Produkte gleichen sich einander über vertikale und horizontale Konvergenzprozesse an. Als Konsequenz weisen Unternehmen hinter all ihren Innovations- und Alleinstellungsbemühungen ein nahezu identisches Grundgerüst auf, das nach einem vereinheitlichten Bauplan konstruiert ist. Unternehmen mit einem kritischen Organisationsdesign zeigen jedoch, dass es sich dabei um eine bloße Mainstream-Erscheinung handelt und auch Alternativen tragfähig sind.

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16

Kempe, Sabrina. „Bauplan für Tumorantigene verhilft zu T-Zell-Angriff gegen Tumorzellen“. Im Fokus Onkologie 24, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15015-021-3712-z.

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17

Fitch, David H. A., und Walter Sudhaus. „One small step for worms, one giant leap for "Bauplan?"*“. Evolution and Development 4, Nr. 4 (Juli 2002): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02011.x.

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18

Williams, Scott A. „Modern or distinct axial bauplan in early hominins? Comments on“. Journal of Human Evolution 63, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.01.007.

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19

Volgin, S. A. „Der Bauplan der Blüte und ihres Gefäßbündelsystems bei den Mesembryanthemen“. Feddes Repertorium 109, Nr. 1-2 (Februar 1998): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921090109.

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20

Volgin, S. A. „Der Bauplan der Blüte und ihres Gefäßbündelsystems bei den Mesembryanthemen“. Feddes Repertorium 109, Nr. 1-2 (18.04.2008): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19981090109.

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21

Sekera, F. „Der allgemeine Bauplan der Bodenstruktur und die Dynamik der Bodengare“. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 52, Nr. 1 (24.01.2007): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19510520106.

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22

Purnell, Mark A. „The Kladognathus apparatus (Conodonta, Carboniferous): homologies with ozarkodinids, and the prioniodinid Bauplan“. Journal of Paleontology 67, Nr. 5 (September 1993): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037136.

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The midgut of a new specimen of Typhloesus wellsi (Melton and Scott) from the Bear Gulch Member (Namurian, Montana) contains a complete, well-preserved apparatus of Kladognathus Rexroad. The apparatus comprises 2 Pa, 2 Pb, 1 Sa, 4 Sb, 4 Sc, and 2 M elements. Kladognathus and Oulodus angulatus (Hinde) are the only members of the Prioniodinida of which complete, well-preserved bedding plane assemblages are known. The arrangement of elements in these assemblages suggests that the prioniodinid Bauplan was similar to that of ozarkodinids.

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23

Wolber, Thomas K., und Hans Griesbach. „Bauplan Deutsch. Eine Übungsgrammatik zum Selbststudium und für den Unterricht mit "Satzbauhelfer"“. Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 27, Nr. 1 (1994): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3531504.

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24

Tsessarsky, A. A. „Role of Paedomorphosis in the Emergence of the Skull Bauplan in Acipenseriformes (Actinopterygii)“. Biology Bulletin Reviews 10, Nr. 5 (September 2020): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086420050084.

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25

Haeusler, Martin, Schiess Regula und Boeni Thomas. „Modern or distinct axial bauplan in early hominins? A reply to Williams (2012)“. Journal of Human Evolution 63, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.05.011.

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26

Burke, Ann Campbell. „Development of the turtle carapace: Implications for the evolution of a novel bauplan“. Journal of Morphology 199, Nr. 3 (März 1989): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051990310.

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27

Espagne, Michel, und Michael Werner. „Bauplan und bewegliche Struktur im Baudelaire. Zu einigen Kategorien von Benjamins Passagen-Modell“. Recherches germaniques 17, Nr. 1 (1987): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reger.1987.1098.

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28

Mayr, Gerald. „A New Specimen of the Tiny Middle Eocene Bird Gracilitarsus Mirabilis (New Family: Gracilitarsidae)“. Condor 103, Nr. 1 (01.02.2001): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.1.78.

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Abstract A new, second specimen of the tiny Middle Eocene bird Gracilitarsus mirabilisMayr 1998 shows several previously unknown osteological features. The species represents a bauplan unknown among recent birds in that it combines swallow-like length proportions of the major wing bones with a long and slender tarsometatarsus. The feet of Gracilitarsus mirabilis are highly unusual in that the three anterior toes are very short and of nearly equal length, and in that the claws are of great dorso-ventral depth. Gracilitarsus mirabilis is classified within a new family in this study. The species shares some derived characters of the tarsometatarsus with the Paleocene South American species Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensisBaird and Vickers-Rich 1997.

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Hoch, Hannelore, Andreas Wessel, Manfred Asche, Daniel Baum, Felix Beckmann, Peter Bräunig, Karsten Ehrig et al. „Non-sexual abdominal appendages in adult insects challenge a 300 million year old bauplan“. Current Biology 24, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): R16—R17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.040.

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30

Maina, J. N. „Is the sheet-flow design a ‘frozen core’ (a Bauplan) of the gas exchangers?“ Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126, Nr. 4 (August 2000): 491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00218-x.

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31

Varea-Sanchez, M., M. Tourmente, M. Bastir und E. R. S. Roldan. „Unraveling the Sperm Bauplan: Relationships Between Sperm Head Morphology and Sperm Function in Rodents“. Biology of Reproduction 95, Nr. 1 (08.06.2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.115.138008.

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32

Sundberg, Frederick A. „Homeotic evolution in Cambrian trilobites“. Paleobiology 26, Nr. 2 (2000): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0258:heict>2.0.co;2.

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Hox genes are known from a wide variety of organisms. In arthropods, these genes control segment characteristics. Trilobites, being arthropods, probably contained eight major Hox genes that controlled their segment types. The trilobite Bauplan contains eight regions that are most likely under the influence of one or more of these Hox genes. The cephalon contains the frontal lobe, glabellar, and occipital ring regions; the thorax contains the anterior thoracic and posterior thoracic regions; and the pygidium contains the articulating ring, axial, and terminal piece regions. Changes in character distribution within or between these regions represent homeotic evolution, which may have resulted from the modification of Hox transcription or of downstream regulatory genes. A phylogenetic analysis is used to recognize homeotic evolution in trilobites, leading to the conclusion that homeotic evolution is common among Cambrian trilobites.

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Haeusler, Martin, Regula Schiess und Thomas Boeni. „New vertebral and rib material point to modern bauplan of the Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton“. Journal of Human Evolution 61, Nr. 5 (November 2011): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.07.004.

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34

Lyson, Tyler R., und Walter G. Joyce. „Evolution of the turtle bauplan: the topological relationship of the scapula relative to the ribcage“. Biology Letters 8, Nr. 6 (18.07.2012): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0462.

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The turtle shell and the relationship of the shoulder girdle inside or ‘deep’ to the ribcage have puzzled neontologists and developmental biologists for more than a century. Recent developmental and fossil data indicate that the shoulder girdle indeed lies inside the shell, but anterior to the ribcage. Developmental biologists compare this orientation to that found in the model organisms mice and chickens, whose scapula lies laterally on top of the ribcage. We analyse the topological relationship of the shoulder girdle relative to the ribcage within a broader phylogenetic context and determine that the condition found in turtles is also found in amphibians, monotreme mammals and lepidosaurs. A vertical scapula anterior to the thoracic ribcage is therefore inferred to be the basal amniote condition and indicates that the condition found in therian mammals and archosaurs (which includes both developmental model organisms: chickens and mice) is derived and not appropriate for studying the developmental origin of the turtle shell. Instead, among amniotes, either monotreme mammals or lepidosaurs should be used.

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Smith, Krister T., Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar, Gunther Köhler und Jörg Habersetzer. „The Only Known Jawed Vertebrate with Four Eyes and the Bauplan of the Pineal Complex“. Current Biology 28, Nr. 7 (April 2018): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.021.

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36

Feldmann, Rodney M., Carrie E. Schweitzer, Shixue Hu, Jinyuan Huang, Changyong Zhou, Qiyue Zhang, Wen Wen, Tao Xie, Frederick R. Schram und Wade T. Jones. „Earliest occurrence of lophogastrid mysidacean arthropods (Crustacea, Eucopiidae) from the Anisian Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China“. Journal of Paleontology 91, Nr. 1 (05.12.2016): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.121.

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AbstractTiny, pelagic arthropods from the Anisian Luoping Biota exposed in two quarries near Luoping, Yunnan Province, China, represent the numerically most abundant organisms in the assemblage. They form the basis for definition of two, and possibly three, species referred to the order Lophogastrida, family Eucopiidae.Yunnanocopia grandisnew genus new species andY.longicaudan. gen. new species represent the oldest occurrence of mysidaceans in the fossil record. Their anatomy allies them with the Ladinian speciesSchimperella acanthocercusTaylor, Schram, and Shen, 2001, from Guizhou Province, China, which previously was thought to be the oldest lophogastrid, and with extant species of Eucopiidae. Their appearance in the Anisian represents one additional element of the early faunal radiation within the Luoping Biota following the end-Permian extinction event. Presence of well-preserved oostegites, along with other morphological features, documents a conservative bauplan expressed in Eucopiidae.

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Irish, Frances J. „The role of heterochrony in the origin of a novel bauplan: Evolution of the ophidian skull“. Geobios 22 (Januar 1989): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(89)80024-5.

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38

Ferran, José Luis, und Luis Puelles. „Lessons from Amphioxus Bauplan About Origin of Cranial Nerves of Vertebrates That Innervates Extrinsic Eye Muscles“. Anatomical Record 302, Nr. 3 (27.04.2018): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23824.

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39

Mayr, Gerald. „A Fluvioviridavis-like bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany“. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, Nr. 11 (01.11.2005): 2021–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-060.

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A new avian taxon is described from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany. This bird closely resembles the Lower Eocene North American Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus Mayr and Daniels, 2001. Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes n. gen. et sp. and F. platyrhamphus are classified in the new taxon Fluvioviridavidae. These birds exhibit a bauplan that is unknown among modern birds in combining a flycatcher-like beak with greatly abbreviated legs. Eurofluvioviridavis is distinguished from Fluvioviridavis by its much stronger toes, indicating that the new Messel species occupied a different ecological niche from its North American relative and that the Fluvioviridavidae were an ecologically diversified group in the Eocene. Despite their morphological distinctness, however, the phylogenetic affinities of the Fluvioviridavidae are still uncertain. Their phylogenetic affinities are evaluated in a cladistic analysis of 96 morphological characters, but the resulting position basal to a cluster of several modern higher level taxa is only weakly supported.

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40

Pimiento, Catalina, Kit Lam Tang, Samuel Zamora, Christian Klug und Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra. „Assessing canalisation of intraspecific variation on a macroevolutionary scale: the case of crinoid arms through the Phanerozoic“. PeerJ 6 (31.05.2018): e4899. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4899.

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Clades that represent a new ‘Bauplan’ have been hypothesised to exhibit more variability than more derived clades. Accordingly, there is an expectation of greater variation around the time of the origin of a clade than later in its evolutionary history. This ‘canalisation’ has been tested in terms of morphological disparity (interspecific variation), whereas intraspecific variation in macroevolution is rarely studied. We analysed extensive data of brachial counts in crinoid populations from the Ordovician to the Recent to test for canalisation in morphological intraspecific variation. Our results show no support for the canalisation hypothesis through the Phanerozoic. This lack of pattern is maintained even when considering crinoid subclades separately. Our study is an example of the lack of universality in such macroevolutionary patterns both in terms of organisms and in terms of modules within them. It is also an example on the challenges and limitations of palaeontological studies of macroevolutionary processes.

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Bologna, M. A., F. Turco und J. D. Pinto. „The Meloidae (Coleoptera) of Australasia: a generic review, descriptions of new taxa, and a challenge to the current definition of subfamilies posed by exceptional variation in male genitalia“. Invertebrate Systematics 27, Nr. 4 (2013): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12054.

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The seven Australasian genera of blister beetles (Coleoptera : Meloidae : Nemognathinae) are reviewed. Included are a key to genera, generic synopses and descriptions of two new genera of Nemognathini, Australozonitis and Pulchrazonitis, as well as a new monotypic tribe Palaestrini, which features a bauplan of male genitalia unique not only to the subfamily Nemognathinae but to the entire family. The genus Palaestra is redefined to include several Australasian, Asian and African species previously assigned to Zonitis. Exceptional variation of male genitalia encountered in the Palaestrini challenges current subfamily definitions, which are partly based on male genitalic structure and correlated sexual behaviour. Generic synopses include synonyms, type species, number of species, geographic distribution, significant references on taxonomy, life history and morphology, and additional notes. Forty-six new combinations are proposed for species previously in Zonitis. Distribution and relationship of tribes within the Nemognathinae, as well as the biogeography of the Australasian Meloidae are outlined and discussed.

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ERPENBECK, DIRK, OLIVER VOIGT, MEHMET GÜLTAS und GERT WÖRHEIDE. „The sponge genetree serverproviding a phylogenetic backbone for poriferan evolutionary studies“. Zootaxa 1939, Nr. 1 (21.11.2008): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1939.1.6.

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Unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of sponges (Phylum Porifera) is an important as well as challenging task. It helps the understanding of character evolution among early branching metazoans but also aids in bioprospecting for valuable bioactive sponge compounds. However, the phylogenetic relationships among Porifera are largely unsolved, because the simple poriferan bauplan frequently prevents unambiguous taxonomic species assignment and a clear definition of morphological synapomorphies is difficult (see e.g. Boury-Esnault 2006). DNA sequence markers are frequently employed to overcome morphological shortcomings in phylogeny (e.g. Kelly Borges et al. 1991) and taxonomy (e.g. DNA barcoding, see Wörheide & Erpenbeck 2007). However, some DNA markers suffer from insufficient phylogenetic signal (see e.g. Duran et al. 2004 and Wörheide 2006 on CO1 in population studies) and unequal evolutionary rates among taxa (see e.g. Erpenbeck et al. 2004 on 28S in Haplosclerida). Therefore, a careful evaluation and selection of molecular markers for each individual project is required.

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Lord, Etienne, Jananan S. Pathmanathan, Eduardo Corel, Vladimir Makarenkov, Philippe Lopez, Frédéric Bouchard, Debashish Bhattacharya et al. „Introducing Trait Networks to Elucidate the Fluidity of Organismal Evolution Using Palaeontological Data“. Genome Biology and Evolution 11, Nr. 9 (01.09.2019): 2653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz182.

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Abstract Explaining the evolution of animals requires ecological, developmental, paleontological, and phylogenetic considerations because organismal traits are affected by complex evolutionary processes. Modeling a plurality of processes, operating at distinct time-scales on potentially interdependent traits, can benefit from approaches that are complementary treatments to phylogenetics. Here, we developed an inclusive network approach, implemented in the command line software ComponentGrapher, and analyzed trait co-occurrence of rhinocerotoid mammals. We identified stable, unstable, and pivotal traits, as well as traits contributing to complexes, that may follow to a common developmental regulation, that point to an early implementation of the postcranial Bauplan among rhinocerotoids. Strikingly, most identified traits are highly dissociable, used repeatedly in distinct combinations and in different taxa, which usually do not form clades. Therefore, the genes encoding these traits are likely recruited into novel gene regulation networks during the course of evolution. Our evo-systemic framework, generalizable to other evolved organizations, supports a pluralistic modeling of organismal evolution, including trees and networks.

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Lambertz, Markus, Nils Arenz und Kristina Grommes. „Variability in pulmonary reduction and asymmetry in a serpentiform lizard: The sheltopusik, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775)“. Vertebrate Zoology 68, Nr. 1 (05.04.2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.68.e32216.

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Besides snakes, numerous lineages of squamates gave rise to limb-reduced and elongated (serpentiform) species, indicating the evolutionary success of this modification of the plesiomorphic lizard Bauplan. Concerted with a serpentiform habitus are several morphological adaptations, many of which also concern the structure and arrangement of the viscera, such as frequently a pronounced pulmonary asymmetry in which one lung is reduced or even absent. The European glass lizard or sheltopusik, Pseudopus apodus, is the largest species of the exclusively serpentiform Anguinae. Driven by pre-existing conflicting statements on pulmonary asymmetry, we examined the lungs of 14 sheltopusiks and compared the condition to 11 slow worms (Anguis fragilis). We consistently found the left lung pronouncedly shorter for the slow worm, but indeed a highly variable pulmonary asymmetry between left and right sides in the sheltopusik. This is the first verified case of such variability in pulmonary reduction for any serpentiform squamate and raises several questions about the underlying developmental program for this otherwise taxon-specifically conservative trait.

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Handrigan, Gregory R., und Richard J. Wassersug. „The anuran Bauplan: a review of the adaptive, developmental, and genetic underpinnings of frog and tadpole morphology“. Biological Reviews 82, Nr. 1 (Februar 2007): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2006.00001.x.

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Diogo, Rui, Gaelle Bello-Hellegouarch, Tiana Kohlsdorf, Borja Esteve-Altava und Julia L. Molnar. „Comparative Myology and Evolution of Marsupials and Other Vertebrates, With Notes on Complexity, Bauplan, and “Scala Naturae”“. Anatomical Record 299, Nr. 9 (12.07.2016): 1224–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23390.

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Iwamoto, Akitoshi, Ayaka Nakamura, Shinichi Kurihara, Ayumi Otani und Louis P. Ronse De Craene. „Floral development of petaloid Alismatales as an insight into the origin of the trimerous Bauplan in monocot flowers“. Journal of Plant Research 131, Nr. 3 (16.03.2018): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1022-0.

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Hinchliffe, J. Richard. „Evolutionary developmental biology of the tetrapod limb“. Development 1994, Supplement (01.01.1994): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.1994.supplement.163.

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New insights into the origin of the tetrapod limb, and its early development and patterning, are emerging from a variety of fields. A wide diversity of approaches was reported at the BSDB Spring Symposium on `The Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms' (Edinburgh, 1994); here I review the contributions these various approaches have made to understanding the evolutionary developmental biology of the tetrapod limb. The fields covered included palaeontology, descriptive embryology, experimental embryological analysis of interactions within developing limbs plus description and manipulation of homeobox gene expression in early limb buds. Concepts are equally varied, sometimes conflicting, sometimes overlapping. Some concern the limb `archetype' (can the palaeontologists and morphologists still define this with precision? how far is there a limb developmental bauplan?); others are based on identification of epigenetic factors (eg secondary inductions), as generating pattern; while yet others assume a direct gene-morphology relationship. But all the contributors ask the same compelling question: can we explain both the similarity (homology) and variety of tetrapod limbs (and the fins of the Crossopterygians) in terms of developmental mechanisms?

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Sharma, Prashant P., Rosa Fernández, Lauren A. Esposito, Edmundo González-Santillán und Lionel Monod. „Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1804 (07.04.2015): 20142953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2953.

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Scorpions represent an iconic lineage of arthropods, historically renowned for their unique bauplan, ancient fossil record and venom potency. Yet, higher level relationships of scorpions, based exclusively on morphology, remain virtually untested, and no multilocus molecular phylogeny has been deployed heretofore towards assessing the basal tree topology. We applied a phylogenomic assessment to resolve scorpion phylogeny, for the first time, to our knowledge, sampling extensive molecular sequence data from all superfamilies and examining basal relationships with up to 5025 genes. Analyses of supermatrices as well as species tree approaches converged upon a robust basal topology of scorpions that is entirely at odds with traditional systematics and controverts previous understanding of scorpion evolutionary history. All analyses unanimously support a single origin of katoikogenic development, a form of parental investment wherein embryos are nurtured by direct connections to the parent's digestive system. Based on the phylogeny obtained herein, we propose the following systematic emendations: Caraboctonidae is transferred to Chactoidea new superfamilial assignment ; superfamily Bothriuroidea revalidated is resurrected and Bothriuridae transferred therein; and Chaerilida and Pseudochactida are synonymized with Buthida new parvordinal synonymies .

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Shimwell, Christopher, Lauren Atkinson, Matthew R. Graham und Barbara Murdoch. „A first molecular characterization of the scorpion telson microbiota of Hadrurus arizonensis and Smeringurus mesaensis“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 1 (17.01.2023): e0277303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277303.

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Scorpions represent an ancient lineage of arachnids that have radiated across the globe and are incredibly resilient—since some thrive in harsh environments and can exist on minimal and intermittent feedings. Given the emerging importance of microbiomes to an organism’s health, it is intriguing to suggest that the long-term success of the scorpion bauplan may be linked to the microbiome. Little is known about scorpion microbiomes, and what is known, concentrates on the gut. The microbiome is not limited to the gut, rather it can be found within tissues, fluids and on external surfaces. We tested whether the scorpion telson, the venom-producing organ, of two species, Smeringurus mesaensis and Hadrurus arizonensis, contain bacteria. We isolated telson DNA from each species, amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes, and identified the collection of bacteria present within each scorpion species. Our results show for the first time that telsons of non-buthid scorpion species do indeed contain bacteria. Interestingly, each scorpion species has a phylogenetically unique telson microbiome including Mollicutes symbionts. This study may change how we view scorpion biology and their venoms.

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