Zeitschriftenartikel: „Battery types“

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Oman, H. „New battery types for space vehicles“. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 17, Nr. 4 (April 2002): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.995186.

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2

Diao, Weiping, Chetan Kulkarni und Michael Pecht. „Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (01.09.2021): 5434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175434.

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Lithium-ion battery datasheets, also known as specification sheets, are documents that battery manufacturers provide to define the battery’s function, operational limit, performance, reliability, safety, cautions, prohibitions, and warranty. Product manufacturers and customers rely on the datasheets for battery selection and battery management. However, battery datasheets often have ambiguous and, in many cases, misleading terminology and data. This paper reviews and evaluates the datasheets of 25 different lithium-ion battery types from eleven major battery manufacturers. Issues that customers may face are discussed, and recommendations for developing an informative and valuable datasheet that will help customers procure suitable batteries are presented.

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3

Iclodean, C., B. Varga, N. Burnete, D. Cimerdean und B. Jurchiş. „Comparison of Different Battery Types for Electric Vehicles“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 252 (Oktober 2017): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/252/1/012058.

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4

Niu, Rong Yi, Xiao Yan Yin und Ming Yu Zhao. „Construction of Battery Swap Station for Electric Passenger Car“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (Dezember 2012): 2231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.2231.

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Basing on the status quo of the development of electric vehicle and electric vehicle’s Charging/battery swap infrastructure, Discussion and analysis is made with focus on the battery swap mode and it’s practising method of electric passenger car. According to the body structure of different types of electric passenger car and the Situation that the battery pack is equipped with, Electric passenger car are divided into two types: chassis battery type and battery rear-equipped type. Respectively, analyzed the battery swap mode for the two types of electric passenger cars; And two feasible battery swap projects are advanced , analysed and compared.Then pointed out the difficulties and problems with the construction of the battery swap station for electric passenger car; Finally, suggestions and methods to solve the problems were offered.

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Scrosati, Bruno, Stefania Panero, Priscilla Reale, Daniela Satolli und Yuichi Aihara. „Investigation of new types of lithium-ion battery materials“. Journal of Power Sources 105, Nr. 2 (März 2002): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00935-1.

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6

Podgornovs, Andrejs, und Anton Sipovics. „Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions Analysis“. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-011-0009-7.

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Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions AnalysisIn this paper different types of electrical machines in electromechanical battery, were described. The most known manufactured battery data is composed. Three types of machines: synchronous machine with salient poles and electromagnetic excitation, with permanent magnets on rotor and reluctance synchronous machine were analyzed. For all types of machines, mass is function of general geometrical size of magnetic system and machines electrical power.

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Tang, Zhi Jun, Qun Zhi Zhu, Jia Wei Lu und Ming Yan Wu. „Study on Various Types of Cooling Techniques Applied to Power Battery Thermal Management Systems“. Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (Dezember 2012): 1571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1571.

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Power battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very important for the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs). The cooling effect of air cooling, phase change material(PCM)cooling and liquid cooling applyed to BTMS are compared. The experiment results show that, in comparison with air cooling, PCM cooling and liquid cooling methods can reduce the battery temperature rise effectively; in comparison with PCM cooling, liquid cooling has a better effect in the aspect of controlling the battery temperature rise.

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Shu, Yue Hong, Zuo Cheng und Xue Liu. „Environmental Protection Technology of Modern Lead-Acid Battery Production“. Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (Juni 2014): 3489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3489.

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An overview of environmental protection technologies of modern lead-acid battery production is presented. Types of pollutants of lead acid battery in the production process are discussed and analyzed. Focusing on the different types of pollutants produced in different processes, and several environmental machines used in lead-acid battery are specifically introduced

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Shu, Yue Hong, Zuo Cheng und Xue Liu. „Environmental Protection Technology of Modern Lead-Acid Battery Production“. Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (Juni 2014): 2402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2402.

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An overview of environmental protection technologies of modern lead-acid battery production is presented. Types of pollutants of lead acid battery in the production process are discussed and analyzed. Focusing on the different types of pollutants produced in different processes, and several environmental machines used in lead-acid battery are specifically introduced.

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Löbberding, Hendrik, Saskia Wessel, Christian Offermanns, Mario Kehrer, Johannes Rother, Heiner Heimes und Achim Kampker. „From Cell to Battery System in BEVs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types“. World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, Nr. 4 (10.12.2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11040077.

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The motivation of this paper is to identify possible directions for future developments in the battery system structure for BEVs to help choosing the right cell for a system. A standard battery system that powers electrified vehicles is composed of many individual battery cells, modules and forms a system. Each of these levels have a natural tendency to have a decreased energy density and specific energy compared to their predecessor. This however, is an important factor for the size of the battery system and ultimately, cost and range of the electric vehicle. This study investigated the trends of 25 commercially available BEVs of the years 2010 to 2019 regarding their change in energy density and specific energy of from cell to module to system. Systems are improving. However, specific energy is improving more than energy density. More room for improvements is thus to be gained in packaging optimization and could be a next step for further battery system development. Other aspects looked at are cell types and sizes. There, a trend to larger and prismatic cells could be identified.

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Zimmermann, Jacqueline, Danielle King und Caroline Crump. „Battery-Related Injuries in Children and Adults“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2020): 1665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641405.

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The aim of the current study was to analyze the circumstances behind battery injuries, including the mode of injuries experienced (e.g., a shock or consumption), as well as the battery types and products most frequently involved in battery injuries. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a probability sample of US hospitals that collects information from emergency room (ER) visits related to a consumer product, was utilized. Injury data from the NEISS database was coded to identify a) the accident mode that led to the injury, b) the battery type involved, and c) the product that was powered by the battery or charger, if available. The data revealed that battery-related injuries were most often associated with (1) children consuming button cell batteries associated with toys and other household objects, and (2) adults becoming burned when handling vehicle batteries. Surprisingly, injuries associated with rechargeable batteries were the least frequent; however, when burns occurred, they were predominantly related to e- cigarettes, as well as vehicles. Results are discussed in terms of general exposure to specific battery types and products analyzing these battery types within each age group.

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Potrykus, Szymon, Filip Kutt, Janusz Nieznański und Francisco Jesús Fernández Morales. „Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Model for Power System Performance Analysis“. Energies 13, Nr. 10 (12.05.2020): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102411.

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The paper describes a novel approach in battery storage system modelling. Different types of lithium-ion batteries exhibit differences in performance due to the battery anode and cathode materials being the determining factors in the storage system performance. Because of this, the influence of model parameters on the model accuracy can be different for different battery types. These models are used in battery management system development for increasing the accuracy of SoC and SoH estimation. The model proposed in this work is based on Tremblay model of the lithium-ion battery. The novelty of the model lies in the approach used for parameter estimation as a function of battery physical properties. To make the model perform more accurately, the diffusion resistance dependency on the battery current and the Peukert effect were also included in the model. The proposed battery model was validated using laboratory measurements with a LG JP 1.5 lithium-ion battery. Additionally, the proposed model incorporates the influence of the battery charge and discharge current level on battery performance.

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Espe-Pfeifer, P. „Discrimination of types of dementia by an abbreviated neuropsychological battery“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15, Nr. 8 (November 2000): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(00)80159-6.

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14

Espe-Pfeifer, P., M. Mahrou, T. Pospisil, J. Selden, C. Sanders, E. Aucone, C. Golden und M. Todd. „Discrimination of types of dementia by an abbreviated neuropsychological battery“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15, Nr. 8 (01.11.2000): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/15.8.735a.

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15

Liu, Haoxiang, und David Z. W. Wang. „Locating multiple types of charging facilities for battery electric vehicles“. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 103 (September 2017): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2017.01.005.

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16

Han, Xuebing, Xuning Feng, Minggao Ouyang, Languang Lu, Jianqiu Li, Yuejiu Zheng und Zhe Li. „A Comparative Study of Charging Voltage Curve Analysis and State of Health Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicle“. Automotive Innovation 2, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2019): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-019-00080-2.

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AbstractLithium-ion (Li-ion) cells degrade after repeated cycling and the cell capacity fades while its resistance increases. Degradation of Li-ion cells is caused by a variety of physical and chemical mechanisms and it is strongly influenced by factors including the electrode materials used, the working conditions and the battery temperature. At present, charging voltage curve analysis methods are widely used in studies of battery characteristics and the constant current charging voltage curves can be used to analyze battery aging mechanisms and estimate a battery’s state of health (SOH) via methods such as incremental capacity (IC) analysis. In this paper, a method to fit and analyze the charging voltage curve based on a neural network is proposed and is compared to the existing point counting method and the polynomial curve fitting method. The neuron parameters of the trained neural network model are used to analyze the battery capacity relative to the phase change reactions that occur inside the batteries. This method is suitable for different types of batteries and could be used in battery management systems for online battery modeling, analysis and diagnosis.

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Su, Chun, Hongjing Chen und Zejun Wen. „Prediction of remaining useful life for lithium-ion battery with multiple health indicators“. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, Nr. 1 (02.01.2021): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.1.18.

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has become a primary energy form for a variety of engineering equipments. To ensure the equipments’ reliability, it is crucial to accurately predict Liion battery’s remaining capacity as well as its remaining useful life (RUL). In this study, we propose a novel method for Li-ion battery’s online RUL prediction, which is based on multiple health indicators (HIs) and can be derived from the battery’s historical operation data. Firstly, four types of indirect HIs are built according to the battery’s operation current, voltage and temperature data respectively. On this basis, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is presented to estimate the battery’s remaining capacity, and the nonlinear autoregressive approach (NAR) is applied to predict the battery’s RUL based on the estimated capacity value. Furthermore, to reduce the interference, twice wavelet denoising are performed with different thresholds. A case study is conducted with a NASA battery dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The result shows that the proposed method can obtain Li-ion batteries’ RUL effectively.

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Doose, Stefan, Julian K. Mayer, Peter Michalowski und Arno Kwade. „Challenges in Ecofriendly Battery Recycling and Closed Material Cycles: A Perspective on Future Lithium Battery Generations“. Metals 11, Nr. 2 (08.02.2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020291.

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The global use of lithium-ion batteries of all types has been increasing at a rapid pace for many years. In order to achieve the goal of an economical and sustainable battery industry, the recycling and recirculation of materials is a central element on this path. As the achievement of high 95% recovery rates demanded by the European Union for some metals from today’s lithium ion batteries is already very challenging, the question arises of how the process chains and safety of battery recycling as well as the achievement of closed material cycles are affected by the new lithium battery generations, which are supposed to enter the market in the next 5 to 10 years. Based on a survey of the potential development of battery technology in the next years, where a diversification between high-performance and cost-efficient batteries is expected, and today’s knowledge on recycling, the challenges and chances of the new battery generations regarding the development of recycling processes, hazards in battery dismantling and recycling, as well as establishing a circular economy are discussed. It becomes clear that the diversification and new developments demand a proper separation of battery types before recycling, for example by a transnational network of dismantling and sorting locations, and flexible and high sophisticated recycling processes with case-wise higher safety standards than today. Moreover, for the low-cost batteries, recycling of the batteries becomes economically unattractive, so legal stipulations become important. However, in general, it must be still secured that closing the material cycle for all battery types with suitable processes is achieved to secure the supply of raw materials and also to further advance new developments.

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Zhang, Yuanxing, Taoyong Li, Xiangwu Yan, Ling Wang, Jing Zhang, Xiaohong Diao und Bin Li. „Electric Vehicle Charging Fault Monitoring and Warning Method Based on Battery Model“. World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, Nr. 1 (14.01.2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010014.

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With the development of electric vehicles in China, the fault monitoring and warning systems for the charging process of electric vehicles have received the industry’s attention. A method for the monitoring and warning of electric vehicle charging faults based on a battery model is proposed in this paper. Through online estimation of the state of charge of the power battery model and battery electromotive force, parameters such as battery state of charge, voltage, and temperature can be adjusted in real time to simulate the charging response of the power battery, which can simulate power batteries of different types, specifications, and parameters. During the charging process, CAN (Controller Area Network) bus monitoring technology is used to receive and analyze the charging information of the charger, as well as the battery charging information and battery charging demand information. The charging response information simulated by the battery model is compared with the battery charging state information, and the charging state information of the charger is compared with the battery charging demand information to determine whether the charging process is normal. When it is judged that a charging fault occurs, a fault warning signal is sent. This method can identify more than 10 types of faults, including the failure of the BMS (Battery Management System) function. The comparison and analysis of actual charging accident data and power battery model data verifies the feasibility of the charging fault monitoring method proposed in this paper.

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Yarmolenko, O. V., O. E. Romanyuk, A. A. Slesarenko, G. R. Baymuratova, N. I. Shuvalova, A. V. Mumyatov, P. A. Troshin und A. F. Shestakov. „Performance of a Li-Polyimide Battery with Electrolytes of Various Types“. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 55, Nr. 4 (April 2019): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193519020174.

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21

Cui, Shaohua, Hui Zhao und Cuiping Zhang. „Multiple Types of Plug-In Charging Facilities’ Location-Routing Problem with Time Windows for Mobile Charging Vehicles“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 8 (11.08.2018): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082855.

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Increasing attention is being paid to the technology of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) because of their environmental friendliness. However, their short range, extended recharging times, and insufficient charging facilities hinder the improvement in the market share of BEVs. As a remedy, this paper presents a novel approach to providing a service for the battery charge replenishment of BEVs. Instead of using traditional alternative methods by only providing a charging service in a fixed location, such as battery-swapping and charging lanes, the novel charge replenishment is provided by mobile charging vehicles (MCVs), which could offer a charging service at any time and at location requested. To consider the limited running range and the opportunity to recharge from MCVs, as well as to determine the location strategy of multiple types of plug-in charging facility locations and the routing plan of the MCVs simultaneously, the location routing problem (LRP) that can integrate two decision levels, with a strategic level (location) and tactical level (routing), is applied. Then, we present the multiple types of plug-in charging facilities’ location-routing problem with time windows for mobile charging vehicles (MTPCF-LRPwTW-MCVs), and formulate the MTPCF-LRPwTW-MCVs as a mixed integer linear program for the convenience of solving. To demonstrate the model, test instances are designed and computational results are presented. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses on battery capacity, recharging rate, and so on, are also examined. The results show that with the increase of the battery capacity or the improvement of the charging rate of the charging facilities, the service efficiency of the MCVs can reasonably be improved. Therefore, the proposed method could be used in real world problems.

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Zhang, Hai Gang, Xiao Bin Li und Wei Guo Qian. „Modeling and Simulation of the Ni-Mh Battery“. Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (Dezember 2012): 1040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1040.

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This paper presents an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic model. The charge and the discharge dynamics of the battery model are validated experimentally with Ni-Mh batteries types. An interesting feature of this model is the simplicity to extract the dynamic model parameters from batteries datasheets. Finally, the battery model is simulated in the matlab simulation software .The results show that the model can accurately re-present the dynamic behavior of the battery.

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Zhang, Jing, Junguo Jia, Hui Huang, Yi Long, Taoyong Li, Linlin Sun und Hao Sun. „Research on Safety Evaluation Method of Integrated Optical Storage and Charging Station“. E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702014.

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This paper studies the correlation between charging process performance indicators and charging safety of Solar-Energy storage-Charge station, analyses the influence of environmental factors, technical factors, design factors, management factors and user factors on charging process safety of energy stations. The projection pursuit algorithm is used to evaluate the influence degree of each parameter on the safety of charging process; through the establishment of charging safety evaluation system, the safety risks of battery damage and even fire caused by excessive charging current and high battery temperature are identified. The monitoring parameters corresponding to the charging safety state are determined. According to the different battery types adopted by different vehicle models, the corresponding charging mode is determined. According to the monitoring results of key data of the core equipment in the charging process, such as charging current, charging voltage, battery temperature, etc., the charging strategies of different vehicle models and different battery types are analysed, which provides reference for the safe operation of charging process.

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Li, Chao, Ze Chang Sun und Wei Jun Gu. „Affection Mode of Temperature on the Lithium-Ion Battery Performance Used in Electric Vehicle“. Advanced Materials Research 658 (Januar 2013): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.450.

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Temperature is the most important external impact factor on the performance of lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicle. The affection mode and internal mechanism of temperature on the capacity and internal resistance is analyzed qualitatively based on the accelerated life testing results. And the issue related to the implementation of the battery life evaluation is also discussed. The testing samples for this study are two types of high power lithium-ion battery with 8Ah rate capacity, including Manganese oxide lithium-ion battery and Phosphate iron lithium-ion battery.

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Lapcevic, Vladimir. „Charger for NiMH batteries based on buck DC/DC converter“. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, Nr. 3 (2014): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1403477l.

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In this paper is presented charger for NiMH battery types AA. Charger is realized by Buck DC/DC converter and microcontroller. Microcontroller controls the work of Buck DC/DC converter by pulse width modulation and by measuring the current of battery charging. The current of charging is held constant by power electronics, and the time of charging is set by the user dependent of capacity of the battery. Standard battery chargers enable the recharge of NiMH battery for few hundred times, because termination of charging is done when voltage drop on the battery is detected. The aim of this paper is to create charger which enables that NiMH battery is charged 1000 times.

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Tran, Manh-Kien, Andre DaCosta, Anosh Mevawalla, Satyam Panchal und Michael Fowler. „Comparative Study of Equivalent Circuit Models Performance in Four Common Lithium-Ion Batteries: LFP, NMC, LMO, NCA“. Batteries 7, Nr. 3 (27.07.2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030051.

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are an important component of energy storage systems used in various applications such as electric vehicles and portable electronics. There are many chemistries of Li-ion battery, but LFP, NMC, LMO, and NCA are four commonly used types. In order for the battery applications to operate safely and effectively, battery modeling is very important. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) is a battery model often used in the battery management system (BMS) to monitor and control Li-ion batteries. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate the performance of three different ECMs (1RC, 2RC, and 1RC with hysteresis) on four Li-ion battery chemistries (LFP, NMC, LMO, and NCA). The results indicated that all three models are usable for the four types of Li-ion chemistries, with low errors. It was also found that the ECMs tend to perform better in dynamic current profiles compared to non-dynamic ones. Overall, the best-performed model for LFP and NCA was the 1RC with hysteresis ECM, while the most suited model for NMC and LMO was the 1RC ECM. The results from this study showed that different ECMs would be suited for different Li-ion battery chemistries, which should be an important factor to be considered in real-world battery and BMS applications.

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Ren, Gaojian. „Study on electrochemical principle and characteristic curve of nickel hydrogen battery for mine“. E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301071.

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As a kind of high-energy secondary battery, mining Ni MH battery is very suitable for mine backup power because of its advantages of high capacity, high power, no pollution, long cycle life, strong charging and discharging ability and high safety. This paper mainly introduces the electrochemical reaction of Ni MH battery under normal operation, overcharge and over discharge, introduces the types and components of Ni MH battery, describes the change curve of charging and discharging terminal voltage with time under different conditions, analyzes the self discharge situation of Ni MH battery under different conditions, and analyzes the cycle life and safety of Ni MH battery. The software and hardware design of battery intelligent management and SOC estimation analysis provide the basic basis.

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Tamilselvi, S., S. Gunasundari, N. Karuppiah, Abdul Razak RK, S. Madhusudan, Vikas Madhav Nagarajan, T. Sathish, Mohammed Zubair M. Shamim, C. Ahamed Saleel und Asif Afzal. „A Review on Battery Modelling Techniques“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 18 (08.09.2021): 10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810042.

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The growing demand for electrical energy and the impact of global warming leads to a paradigm shift in the power sector. This has led to the increased usage of renewable energy sources. Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable sources of energy, devices capable of storing electrical energy are required to increase its reliability. The most common means of storing electrical energy is battery systems. Battery usage is increasing in the modern days, since all mobile systems such as electric vehicles, smart phones, laptops, etc., rely on the energy stored within the device to operate. The increased penetration rate of the battery system requires accurate modelling of charging profiles to optimise performance. This paper presents an extensive study of various battery models such as electrochemical models, mathematical models, circuit-oriented models and combined models for different types of batteries. It also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of these types of modelling. With AI emerging and accelerating all over the world, there is a scope for researchers to explore its application in multiple fields. Hence, this work discusses the application of several machine learning and meta heuristic algorithms for battery management systems. This work details the charging and discharging characteristics using the black box and grey box techniques for modelling the lithium-ion battery. The approaches, advantages and disadvantages of black box and grey box type battery modelling are analysed. In addition, analysis has been carried out for extracting parameters of a lithium-ion battery model using evolutionary algorithms.

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Tripathi, P. M. „Electric Vehicle and its Types“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VII (31.07.2021): 3553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37133.

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Electric vehicles are an important option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles not only reduce dependence on fossil fuels, but also reduce the impact of ozone-depleting substances and promote widespread adoption of renewable energies. Despite extensive research into the properties and characteristics of electric vehicles as well as the nature of their charging infrastructure, electric vehicle construction and grid modeling continue to evolve and become limited. regime. This paper presents market penetration surveys for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and describes optimal engineering and modeling approaches. their differences. Research on critical barriers and inadequate charging equipment targets developing countries like India, which makes the study unique. The development of the new Vehicle to Grid concept has created additional energy sources when renewable energy sources are not available. We conclude that considering the specific characteristics of an electric vehicle is important in the mobility of the electric vehicle.

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Zhang, Xiaowei, Elham Sahraei und Kai Wang. „Deformation and failure characteristics of four types of lithium-ion battery separators“. Journal of Power Sources 327 (September 2016): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.078.

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31

Wang, Ying-Wei, und Chuah-Chih Lin. „Locating multiple types of recharging stations for battery-powered electric vehicle transport“. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 58 (November 2013): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2013.07.003.

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Dutka, B. J., A. Jurkovic, R. McInnis, K. K. Kwan und T. Murphy. „Battery of tests approach applied to three different types of sediment extracts“. Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 29, Nr. 8 (September 1994): 1649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529409376137.

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Nur Halimah, Putri, Samuel Rahardian und Bentang Arief Budiman. „Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles“. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Technology 2, Nr. 2 (31.10.2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31427/ijstt.2019.2.2.3.

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The shifting trend of conventional to the electric drivetrain in automotive industries makes batteries become the most favorable energy storage. There are three types of battery cells that are commonly used for electric vehicles i.e., cylindrical cells, pouch cells, and prismatic cells. The use of active material such as lithium-ion in the battery of electric vehicles could bring some issues related to the safety field. For that reason, comprehensive research on battery failure analysis needs to be conducted. This paper reviews the recent progress of the use of battery cells in electric vehicles and some challenges which must be considered to assure their safety. There are a lot of studies on battery failure analysis, which mainly focuses on the appearance of a short circuit as the main cause of the thermal runaway event. Several proposals on predicting short circuits in the battery due to various loading are comprehensively discussed. Those research results can be considered to establish regulations in designing battery protectors.

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Li, Zhong Xing, Feng Yu und Mei Li. „Design of Li-Ion Batteries Equalization Module of Electric Vehicle“. Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2507.

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Due to the limited life of series-connected battery stack suffered from the imbalanced charging-discharging operation, the equalization management module has become the key part of a battery management system. To minimize the adverse effects caused by the performance inconsistency between individual battery cells, a battery equalization management module based on the super-capacitors was designed in this study. This module separated the imbalance status into three types, applied different control strategy according to the status, and balanced every sub-group respectively. Simulation and experimental results showed that not only the module made the battery pack charge and discharge balanced, but also the efficiency of equalization was improved.

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Zhang, Hao Ming, Hong Li und Lian Soon Peh. „Research of Li-Ion Battery’s Upper Equalizer Circuit“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1060.

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Due to small size, large power density, high individual voltage, low self-discharging, and low internal resistance, li-ion battery substitutes other types of battery used as power supply. In practice, because of difference of every cell, after a period of charge-discharge time, the upper limit voltage of every unit becomes various, seriously affects the system’s performance. The idea of upper equalizer is released, then, a further research is made on the equalizer circuit of li-ion battery. The experiment result proves the correctness of design on li-ion battery equalizer circuits.

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Zhang, Hao Ming, Hong Li und Lian Soon Peh. „Research of Li-Ion Battery’s Equalizer Circuit Based on TL431“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1056.

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Li-ion battery, as a new type of energy storage equipment, has small size, large power density, high individual voltage, low rate of self-discharging and small self-resistance etc. It substitutes the traditional power battery in AGV.In practical process, due to the difference of battery cells, after a period of charge-discharge time, the upper and lower voltage limits of every unit of batteries become various, seriously affecting the system performance. The idea of upper and lower equalizer is released for this case. Then, a further research is made on the equalizer circuit of li-ion battery. The experiment result proves the correctness of design on several types of lithium battery equalizer circuit.

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Murdianto, Farid Dwi, Indhana Sudiharto, Irianto Irianto und Ayu Wulandari. „Adaptive Power Charge Using PID Controller on DC Load Application“. INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 7, Nr. 2 (05.02.2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v7i2.2652.

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Battery is a very important necessity as an electrical energy storage for DC load type. However, as electric energy storage, the battery has a limit storage capacity. The battery must be recharged when the electrical energy stored in the battery has been exhausted to keep the DC load in operation. Unfortunately, batteries in different types of DC loads have different voltages and capacities. So for charging the battery also requires a different voltage. While the existing battery charger is generally static specifically for one type of battery. From this problem, the paper proposed an adaptive power charge system. A system that can adaptively charge electrical energy on batteries that have different voltages and capacities through one port. The converter used in this paper is the buck converter to lower the output voltage from the input voltage. The system uses tracking duty cycle to know the type of DC load. After knowing the type of dc load then the system determines the setting point voltage. To keep the output voltage stable, the system uses PID control. With this adaptive power charge, the charging process will be more efficient and multifunction because it can be used for various types of DC load. The system can provide an output voltage of 19 volts when connected to a laptop and provides an output voltage of 5 volts when connected to a mobile phone on setling time 10ms.

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Brett, D. J. L., P. Aguiar, N. P. Brandon, R. N. Bull, R. C. Galloway, G. W. Hayes, K. Lillie et al. „Project ABSOLUTE: A ZEBRA Battery/Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid for Automotive Applications“. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, Nr. 3 (06.02.2006): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2205348.

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Project ABSOLUTE (advanced battery solid oxide fuel cell linked unit to maximize efficiency), aims to combine a sodium-nickel chloride battery and an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) to form an all-electric hybrid package that surpasses the efficiency and performance of a purely fuel cell driven vehicle, as well as extending the range of a purely battery driven electric vehicle. This paper discusses the project background, the ABSOLUTE hybrid concept, the methodology adopted, the vehicle types and drive cycles that best suit the hybrid and system control considerations. Results from a battery and IT-SOFC system model are presented.

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Astaneh, Majid, Jelena Andric, Lennart Löfdahl, Dario Maggiolo, Peter Stopp, Mazyar Moghaddam, Michel Chapuis und Henrik Ström. „Calibration Optimization Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Model for Electric Vehicles in Mining Applications“. Energies 13, Nr. 14 (08.07.2020): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143532.

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Large-scale introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) to the market sets outstanding requirements for battery performance to extend vehicle driving range, prolong battery service life, and reduce battery costs. There is a growing need to accurately and robustly model the performance of both individual cells and their aggregated behavior when integrated into battery packs. This paper presents a novel methodology for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack simulations under actual operating conditions of an electric mining vehicle. The validated electrochemical-thermal models of Li-ion battery cells are scaled up into battery modules to emulate cell-to-cell variations within the battery pack while considering the random variability of battery cells, as well as electrical topology and thermal management of the pack. The performance of the battery pack model is evaluated using transient experimental data for the pack operating conditions within the mining environment. The simulation results show that the relative root mean square error for the voltage prediction is 0.7–1.7% and for the battery pack temperature 2–12%. The proposed methodology is general and it can be applied to other battery chemistries and electric vehicle types to perform multi-objective optimization to predict the performance of large battery packs.

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Zhao, Yanyan, Oliver Pohl, Anand I. Bhatt, Gavin E. Collis, Peter J. Mahon, Thomas Rüther und Anthony F. Hollenkamp. „A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling“. Sustainable Chemistry 2, Nr. 1 (09.03.2021): 167–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010011.

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The rapid growth, demand, and production of batteries to meet various emerging applications, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, will result in waste and disposal problems in the next few years as these batteries reach end-of-life. Battery reuse and recycling are becoming urgent worldwide priorities to protect the environment and address the increasing need for critical metals. As a review article, this paper reveals the current global battery market and global battery waste status from which the main battery chemistry types and their management, including reuse and recycling status, are discussed. This review then presents details of the challenges, opportunities, and arguments on battery second-life and recycling. The recent research and industrial activities in the battery reuse domain are summarized to provide a landscape picture and valuable insight into battery reuse and recycling for industries, scientific research, and waste management.

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Rahighi, Alireza, Seyed Mohammad Hadi Seyed Kashani und Behrang Sakhaee. „Developing a battery monitoring system software in matlab simulink environment using kalman filter“. International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp1-10.

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<p>Batteries play a vital role in electrical equipments and electrical engineering tools. In addition, in vehicles, the duties of the battery is very important, both in providing initial start energy for conventional cars and movement energy for electric vehicles. Therefore, the batteries could be counted as one of the most important segments of the electric vehicles. The batteries used in vehicles have various types. The most utilized of which in vehicles are the lead-acid batteries. Due to the noticeable privileges of the lead-acid batteries, they have been widely used in vehicles. The battery of the system, which have been processed in this project, is a traction battery with 24V nominal voltage and 500Ahours nominal capacity. In this project, the Kalman filter method has been used in order to estimate the remaining amount of battery’s charge. Kalman filter is an algorithm that estimates the state of a dynamic system using a set of measurements including fault in a specific time period. Having implemented the Kalman filter to the dynamic model of the battery, an estimation of state of the charge (SOC) and battery parameters have been acquired. This operation was simulated in Matlab Simulink environment and the results of the simulation were compared with the real amounts of the parameters achieved from prior experiments to make sure about the accuracy of the results. In the designed software, a graphical environment has been developed in order to providing an appropriate interface and simplifying the software performance. The program can be easily implemented to a real battery and calculate the desired parameters.</p>

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Nizam, Muhammad, Hari Maghfiroh, Fuad Nur Kuncoro und Feri Adriyanto. „Dual Battery Control System of Lead Acid and Lithium Ferro Phosphate with Switching Technique“. World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010004.

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The increase in electric vehicles needs to be supported by the existence of reliable energy storage devices. The battery, as an energy storage system, has its advantages and disadvantages. The combination of different battery types is chosen since the battery is one of the energy storage systems with mature technology and low life cycle cost. A solution that can be proposed to cover the weakness of each battery is the use of the Dual Battery System (DBS). In this project, a dual battery control system with a combination of Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) and Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) batteries was developed using the switching method. Battery selection switching is determined by the specification and operational set point of the battery used. The experimental testing was carried out. The result of the research conducted showed that the current sensor accuracy was 83.75% and the voltage sensor accuracy was 94.25% while the current sensor precision value was 64.91% and the voltage sensor precision was 99.74%. The use of a dual battery system can save energy in a VLRA battery compare with a single VLRA battery by up to 68.62%, whereas in LFP battery by up to 29.48%. This means it gives the advantages of longer distances of traveling in electric vehicles.

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Dunstall, Simon, und Graham Mills. „Robustness of cyclic schedules for the charging of batteries“. ANZIAM Journal 48, Nr. 4 (April 2007): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100003163.

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AbstractIn 2002 the Mathematics in Industry Study Group (MISG) investigated the question of optimally scheduling cyclic production in a battery charging and finishing facility. The facility produces various types of battery and the scheduling objective is to maximize battery throughout subject to achieving a pre-specified product-mix. In this paper we investigate the robustness of such schedules using simulation experiments that span multiple production cycles. We simulate random variations (delays) in battery charging time and find that an optimal off-line schedule yields higher throughput in comparison to a common on-line dispatching rule. This result has been found to hold for a range of expected charging-time delays and has significant practical implications for scheduling battery charging and finishing facilities.

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Wang, Shuping, Fei Gao, Hao Liu, Jiaqing Zhang, Maosong Fan und Kai Yang. „Study on the influence of the thermal protection material on the heat dissipation of the battery pack for energy storage“. E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202045.

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The thermal runaway chain reaction of batteries is an important cause of the battery energy storage system (BESS) accidents, and safety protection technology is the key technology to protect the BESS. Although the flame retardant thermal protection material can delay the thermal runaway chain reaction between batteries and reduce the heat conduction between batteries, it has a negative influence on the normal heat dissipation of batteries. In this paper, 12 series of batteries were assembled into the battery pack. The battery pack with closely arranged batteries, the battery pack with 3mm air gap between batteries and the battery pack with flame retardant thermal protection material between batteries were studied. The battery temperatures and temperature differences of these three types of battery packs were cyclically charged and discharged at rated power, and the effects of air gap and flame retardant thermal protection materials on the heat dissipation of batteries under charge/discharge cycle were analysed.

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Chen, Guo-Ying, Qian Sun, Ji-Li Yue, Zulipiya Shadike, Yin Yang, Fei Ding, Lin Sang und Zheng-Wen Fu. „Conversion and displacement reaction types of transition metal compounds for sodium ion battery“. Journal of Power Sources 284 (Juni 2015): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.018.

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Cohen, Annabel J. „The AIRS Test Battery of Singing Skills: Rationale, item types, and lifespan scope“. Musicae Scientiae 19, Nr. 3 (19.08.2015): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864915599599.

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Seok-Myeong Jang, Sang-Sub Jeong, Dong-Wan Ryu und Sang-Kyu Choi. „Comparison of three types of PM brushless machines for an electro-mechanical battery“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 36, Nr. 5 (2000): 3540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.908892.

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Essl, C., A. W. Golubkov und A. Fuchs. „Comparing Different Thermal Runaway Triggers for Two Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Types“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, Nr. 13 (14.10.2020): 130542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abbe5a.

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Ciez, Rebecca E., und J. F. Whitacre. „Comparative techno-economic analysis of hybrid micro-grid systems utilizing different battery types“. Energy Conversion and Management 112 (März 2016): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.01.014.

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Liu, Ya Long, Zheng Liu und Kuang Cheng Li. „The Design of Cascade Switching Power Charger Based on PFC“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (Oktober 2014): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.920.

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Design a battery with a power factor correction two level converter structure of charging power supply .Discuss the design scheme of main circuit and control circuit. Expound the calculation method of the key element parameters. The experiments indicate that the device get a good performance on output and reliability. The source is appropriate for all types of Battery charging.

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