Dissertationen zum Thema „Batterie au Li“
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Idolo, Eugenio. „Modellazione di batterie Li-ione mediante circuiti elettrici“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenHémery, Charles-Victor. „Etudes des phénomènes thermiques dans les batteries Li-ion“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLu, Xueyi. „Architectural Nanomembranes as Cathode Materials for Li-O2 Batteries“. Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-228120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFIORE, MICHELE. „Nanostructured Materials for secondary alkaline ion batteries“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThanks to their superior energy and power density, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) currently dominate the market of power sources for portable devices. The economy of scale and engineering optimizations have driven the cost of LIBs below the 200 $/KWh at the pack level. This catalyzed the market penetration of electric vehicles and made them a viable candidate for stationary energy storage. However, the rapid market expansion of LIBs raised growing concerns about the future sustainability of this technology. In particular, lithium and cobalt supplies are considered vulnerable, primarily because of the geopolitical implications of their high concentration in only a few countries. In the search for the next generation secondary batteries, known as post-lithium ion batteries, candidates that do not use rare metals have been extensively investigated in the last 10 years. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) attracted considerable attention thanks to the high abundance of the precursors and wide distribution of sodium on the earth's crust. As a matter of fact, as it will be pointed out during the dissertation, it is not straightforward to allocate the reduction of the price of the alkaline ion precursors to the reduction of the battery price. However, the difficulties in the supply of raw materials for LIBs, such as shortages in lithium carbonates and cobalt ores, could make lithium and cobalt-free systems, such as SIBs, attractive and cost-competitive alternatives. Compared to other, more exotic chemistries including Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ batteries, SIBs are nowadays considered one as the most promising alternative to LIBs. Despite the extensive research, anode materials for SIBs still represent a serious problem for the commercial exploitation of this technology. Accordingly, the doctoral research on SIBs has been focused on anode materials. In particular, the attention was directed towards conversion oxides. Compared to intercalation materials, conversion-based ones have higher capacities but are more challenging to deal with because of the high volume variation during cycling. This challenge was addressed by material's nanostructuring and morphology control which proved to significantly reduce the pulverization of the active material. Different anode candidates have been studied during the doctoral work. Cobalt oxide nanofibers have been here explored as a first prototype for conversion materials in sodium ion batteries. The sodiation-desodiation mechanism is analyzed by means of ex situ XRD which led to a deeper understanding of the conversion reaction in SIBs. A cost-effective and environmentally benign alternative based on iron oxide is then considered. The limits of iron (III) oxide are tackled by combining the advantages of the nanostructuring and the doping with an aliovalent element. Si-doped Fe2O3 nanofibers are synthesized via an easy scalable process based on the electrospinning method. It is found that Si-addition improves the transport properties as well as induces changes in the crystal structure and morphology. In the final section of the thesis, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are examined as a promising alternative to sodium ion batteries. KIBs exhibit all the benefits of SIBs, with the additional advantage that graphite, can reversibly accommodate K-ions. On the positive side, Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMnHCF), has been reported to provide high operating voltages and satisfactory capacity retention. The proposed research activity presents the use of an ionic liquid based electrolyte compatible with the most promising anode and cathode for KIBs. In addition, a high-throughput optimization of the KMnHCF synthesis is reported. The selected candidates are then fully characterized, and their electrochemical properties investigated. The optimized material exhibits the highest ever reported coulombic efficiency for the KMHCF. This find, opens up the possibility of highly efficient, high energy potassium ion batteries.
Celasun, Yagmur. „Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux d'électrode positive pour des applications Li-ion à haute énergie“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of overlithiated disordered rocksalts for high-energy Li-ion systems. Firstly, synthesis parameters have been optimized to improve the performances of the disordered rocksalt Li2.2NiTi0.2Nb0.6O4. To examine its high irreversibility (35%) at the first cycle, in situ advanced structural and electrochemical analyses have been performed. Results show that a structural change and disordering happen during the first charge. In a second part, the disordered rocksalt Li2TiS3 has been prepared with our patented process. To improve cycling stability of the cells, Li2TiS3 has been partially substituted with selenium and new Li2TiSexS3-x compositions have been prepared. Li2TiSexS3-x cells have large discharge capacities at slightly lower potentials. Reversible sulfur redox activity is confirmed by electrochemistry and ex situ surface analyses, however further characterizations are required to elucidate the relatively complex selenium redox process
Tonin, Guillaume. „Caractérisation operando des accumulateurs Li/S par tomographie d’absorption et diffraction des rayons X, vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective was to identify the degradations phenomena and the limiting processes occurring while cycling Li/S accumulators to therefore put in relation the electrode morphology, the cell design, the electrochemical performances and the degradations phenomena. A new design of operando cell has been developed to be suitable with ESRF experiments. Operando Absorption and X-ray Diffraction tomography technics were performed. Thanks to both technics, the morphological changes and transport limitation kinetics along the 3D positive electrode have been evidenced. In addition, the lithium electrode/electrolyte interface has been characterized and heterogeneous stripping/plating has been evidenced, leading to low electrochemical performances while cycling
Marchal, Laureline. „Développement d'une nouvelle technologie Li-ion fonctionnant en solution aqueuse“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBertasi, Federico. „Advanced Materials for High-Performance Secondary Li and Mg Batteries“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAl fine di ottenere sistemi di accumulo di energia elettrica sempre più performanti, l'attività di ricerca qui descritta, è focalizzata sullo studio di elettroliti e materiali catodici per applicazioni in batterie al litio e magnesio. I materiali vengono sintetizzati attraverso sintesi in atmosfera inerte e caratterizzati con diverse tecniche quali: analisi termogravimetrica (TGA), calorimetria a scansione differenziale (DSC), spettroscopie vibrazionali (FT-MIR, FT-FIR, Raman), NMR di stato solido, diverse tecniche elettrochimiche (voltammetria ciclica, cronoamperometria, impedenza elettrochimica) e spettroscopia elettrica a banda larga. I risultati sono utilizzati per studiare l'interazione tra la struttura e il meccanismo di conduzione di questi materiali. I materiali più promettenti sono testati in batterie a bottone prototipo tipo CR2032 per valutare la loro ciclabilità e stabilità su lungo periodo. Come procedura generale, gli elettroliti vengono sintetizzati con differenti concentrazioni di portatori di carica tipo Mg2+ o Li+ per valutare l'effetto della concentrazione di cationi sulle proprietà termiche e sulla conducibilità dei materiali. Inoltre, la complessazione dei cationi e il suo effetto sul trasferimento di carica a lungo raggio sono studiati accuratamente tramite spettroscopia infrarossa e Raman. Nel caso dei materiali catodici la struttura e la composizione chimica di questi sistemi è modulata al fine di studiare il loro effetto sul processo di intercalazione/deinteracalazione dello ione litio, sull’efficienza e le prestastazioni dei prototipi di batteria a bottone tipo CR2032. I materiali studiati comprendono: a) un conduttore inorganico di stato solido a singolo catione di litio basato su di un ossido di titanio fluorurato; b) una nuova classe di elettroliti nanocompositi polimerici per batterie al litio; e c) due elettroliti per batterie al magnesio basati su liquidi ionici e un sale innovativo di Mg. Inoltre, al fine di evidenziare le correlazioni esistenti tra le dinamiche dei rilassamenti molecolari degli elettroliti e i processi di trasferimento di carica a lungo raggio, sono stati effettuati due studi sui meccanismi di rilassamento dielettrico di: a) elettroliti polimerici al Mg; e b) elettroliti polimerici solidi a base di alluminio silicati (SPE). Infine viene proposta una nuova promettente famiglia di materiali catodici di cui si studiano le correlazioni tra struttura, morfologia e prestazioni in batterie secondare prototipo a bottone. La tesi inizia con un’ introduzione generale sullo stato dell'arte degli elettroliti e dei catodi. Particolare attenzione è rivolta sugli svantaggi e sulle possibili future soluzioni. In secondo luogo, vengono descritti I n dettaglio la sintesi e caratterizzazione di ciascuna classe di materiali qui proposti. Quindi, si conclude evidenziando I risultati più salient ottenuti sui vari sistemi proposti.
Perez, Arnaud. „Energy storage properties of iridium oxides : model materials for the study of anionic redox“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066323/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImproving energy storage stands as a key challenge to facilitate the transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy sources in the next years. Li-ion batteries, which have already conquered the portable electronic market, will be the leading technology to achieve this goal and are therefore the focus of intense research activities to improve their performances, especially in terms of capacity. Among the most promising strategies to obtain high capacity cathode materials, the preparation of Li-rich materials combining the redox activity of cations (transition metals) and anions (oxygen) attracts considerable interest. However, activation of anionic redox in these high capacity materials comes with several issues that need to be solved prior their implementation in the energy storage market. Deep fundamental understanding of anionic redox is therefore required to go forward. Using model systems based on iridium, this work explores how the oxygen local environment can play a role on the activation of anionic redox. The electrochemical properties of Na2IrO3 and Na(Li1/3Ir2/3)O2 phases are studied to understand the impact of the alkali nature. The influence of the Li/M ratio in rocksalt oxides is investigated with the synthesis of a new material Li3IrO4, which presents the highest reversible capacity among intercalation cathode materials. The rich electrochemical properties of this family of iridate materials are finally extended by preparing proton-based materials through a simple ion-exchange reaction and the electrochemical properties of a new H3+xIrO4 material are presented, with high rate capability performances
Ahouari, Hania. „Exploration de nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes positives à base de polyanions carboxylates (oxalates, malonates et carbonates) et de métaux de transition“. Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has focused on the exploration of new compounds based on 3d-metal and carboxylate polyanions (oxalates, malonates and carbonates) prepared through different sustainable synthetic approaches. In the first part, we report a new synthetic route to prepare the iron (III) oxalate compound (Fe2(C2O4)3·4H2O) and solve its crystal structure through combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes within a triclinic cell (P-1) and exhibits attractive electrochemical properties (98 mAh/g at 3.35 V vs. Li+/Li0). Motivated by this finding we pursued our quest for new positive electrode materials. We prepared by hydrothermal synthesis single crystals of sodium 3d-metal oxalates Na2M2(C2O4)3·2H2O, which are widely investigated in the literature for their magnetic properties. Unfortunately, these phases are electrochemically inactive versus lithium. Thereafter, we extended the synthesis towards the malonate family and we reported for the first time several members (Na2M(H2C3O4)2·nH2O (n= 0, 2), M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn et Mg). These systems present rich crystal chemistry together with interesting antiferromagnetic properties but as in the case of the oxalates, they are not electrochemically active versus lithium. Finally, we synthesized two members of fluorocarbonates compounds KMCO3F (M= Ca and Mn) using solid state process. We succeeded in the preparation of the calcium member, already reported in the literature and we identified for the first time a phase transition at 320°C. The crystal structure of the high temperature phase (KCaCO3F-HT) was solved using neutron powder diffraction. A new manganese phase (KMnCO3F) was synthesized using the same technique and its crystal structure was solved by combining TEM, XR and neutrons powder diffraction techniques. This compound crystallizes within a hexagonal unit cell (P -6 c 2)
Pelloni, Simone. „Modellazione termica di batterie ad alta tensione con tecnologia Li-Ion per veicoli ibridi“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13616/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTesfaye, Alexander Teklit. „Study and improve the electrochemical behaviour of new negative electrodes for li-ion batteries“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0346/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently, commercial lithium ion batteries (LIBs) use carbon based materials as negative electrode; however the technology is reaching its limit because of the low theoretical specific capacity. The objective of this thesis is to study the electrochemical behaviour of three different new high capacity anodes (SnSb alloy, anodized Ti3SiC2, and Si nanotubes) as alternative to graphite, identify the main parameters responsible for the capacity fading, and propose a versatile solution to improve their electrochemical performance. These electrode materials exhibit good electrochemical performance which makes them promising candidates to replace carbon as a negative electrode for LIBs. However, their limitation due to capacity fading and the large initial irreversible capacity loss must be resolved before commercialization. The observed limitations are attributed to many factors, and particularly, to the formation and growth of SEI layer which is the common factor for all the three electrode materials. Because of the strong capacity fade and lack of many detailed studies on the Sn-based materials, specifically SnSb, we focus our study to investigate the formation and growth of SEI layer on SnSb electrode. The evolution of the electrical, compositional, and morphological properties have been investigated in detail to understand the electrochemical behavior of micron-sized SnSb. To limit the capacity fade, we propose the use of a protective film on the electrode surface. The electrochemical performance of micron-sized SnSb electrode coated with thermoplastic elastomer protective film, namely poly(styrene-b-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) PS-b-PHEA has been achieved
Jacquet, Quentin. „Li-rich Li3MO4 model compounds for deciphering capacity and voltage aspects in anionic redox materials“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobal warming, due to the increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, is a major issue of the 21th century, hence the need to move towards the use of renewable energies and the development of electrical storage devices, such as Li-ion batteries. Along that line, a new electrode material called Li-rich NMCs have been developed, having higher capacity, 290 mAh/g, than commercial materials, like LiCoO2 (150 mAh/g), thanks to participation of oxygen anions into the redox reaction. This process, called anionic redox, unfortunately comes with voltage hysteresis preventing the commercialization of Li-rich NMC. To alleviate this issue while increasing the capacity, fundamental understanding on anionic redox is needed, specifically concerning two points: is anionic redox limited in terms of capacity? And what is the origin of the voltage hysteresis? In a first part, with the aim to assess the limit of anionic redox capacity, we designed new compounds, having enhanced oxygen oxidation behavior, belonging to the A3MO4 family (A being Li or Na and with M a mix of Ru, Ir, Nb, Sb or Ta). We performed their synthesis, deeply characterized their structure, and, by studying their charge compensation mechanism, we showed that anionic redox is always limited by either O2 release or metal dissolution. In a second part, we designed two new materials, Li1.3Ni0.27Ta0.43O2 and Li1.3Mn0.4Ta0.3O2, having different voltage hysteresis, in order to identify the origin of this phenomenon. Coupling spectroscopic techniques with theoretical calculations, we suggest that the electronic structure, namely the size of the charge transfer band gap, plays a decisive role in voltage hysteresis
Thoss, Franziska. „Amorphe, Al-basierte Anodenmaterialien für Li-Ionen-Batterien“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-119680.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh-energy Li-ion batteries exceedingly depend on the high specific capacity of electrode materials. Intermetallic alloys are promising candidates to be alternative anode materials with enhanced specific capacities (LiAl: 993 Ah/kg; Li22Si5: 4191 Ah/kg) in contrast to state-of-the-art techniques, dominated by carbon materials (LiC6: 372 Ah/kg). Disadvantageously the phase transitions during the charge-discharge processes, induced by the lithiation process, cause volume changes of 100-300 %. Due to the brittleness of intermetallic phases, the fracturing of the electrode material leads to the loss of the electrical contact. In order to overcome the huge volume changes amorphous Al-based alloys were investigated with the intension to realize the lithiation process without a phase transformation. Amorphous powders (Al86Ni8La6 and Al86Ni8Y6) produced via melt spinning and subsequent ball milling only show a minor lithiation during the electrochemical cycling process. This is mainly caused by the insufficient free volume, which is necessary to transfer and store Li-ions, since phase transitions are impossible in the amorphous state. If Li is already integrated into the amorphous alloy, Li-ions can easily be removed and inserted electrochemically. The new alloy Al43Li43Ni8Y6 contains Li already in its initial state and could be prepared by high energy milling as an amorphous powder. Compared with the Li-free amorphous alloys Al86Ni8La6 or Al86Ni8Y6 and their crystalline counterparts, this newly developed amorphous alloy achieves a significantly higher lithiation and therefore reaches a specific capacity of 800 Ah/kg, based on the Al-content. By the abrasion of the steel milling vials the powder contains a wear debris of 15 mass% Fe. This contaminated material shows a better cycling stability than a powder of the same composition, milled in a non-abrasive silicon nitride vial. By means of Mössbauer spectroscopy has been shown that the wear debris contains Fe oxides. This may contribute to the enhancement of the specific capacity about conversion mechanisms
Tessier, Alexandre Oliver. „Bloc batterie li-ion pour véhicules électriques : méthode de classement novatrice en temps réel des paramètres électriques des cellules“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArayamparambil, Jeethu Jiju. „Metal carbodiimides and cyanamides, a new family of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi-ion batteries are currently the most common choice for all portable electronic devices but also for hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy sectors. At present, graphite is routinely employed as the anode material for Li-ion-batteries due to its excellent attributes such as long cycle life, abundance, and relatively cost effective. However, the disadvantages of graphitic anode include low energy density and safety concerns. As a consequence, alternative cost effective anode materials with high energy density and long cycle life have been widely explored. Among this transition metal based compounds are an exciting and reasonable alternative for graphite owing to their high specific capacity. Compounds with the formula MX where M is a divalent metal and X = O, S, PO4, and CO3 have been reported to be electrochemically active at average voltages around 1 volts. In spite of their high theoretical specific capacities, high irreversible capacity in the first lithiation and the weak cycling life prevent the practical use of these materials. Since 2015, the possibility of using transition metal carbodiimides (MNCN, with M = Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni) have been reported, and some of them have shown promising electrochemical performance as anode materials for both Li and Na ion batteries. Like all divalent metal based electrode materials, carbodiimides have been found to suffer from high initial irreversible capacity and high operating voltage, however they show a better cycle life. The application of transition metal carbodiimides in the field of energy storage (and conversion) is still in its early stages and despite progress in electrochemical evaluation much remains to be done in order to establish the reaction mechanisms that govern the reported promising performances. Besides the transition metal carbodiimides there are still many other inorganic cyanamides and carbodiimides materials to explore. Therefore the main targets of this PhD work are (i) to assess the properties of new carbodiimides/cyanamides as electrode materials for LiBs and (ii) to establish their electrochemical reaction mechanisms via advanced operando techniques and DFT calculations. Concerning the electrochemical performance, Cr2(NCN)3 turned out to be by the far the best carbodiimide anode material with stable specific capacity of more than 600 mAh.g-1 for more than 900 cycles at 2C rate. CoNCN and FeNCN have also shown excellent electrochemical properties since they can sustain a specific capacity higher than 500 mAh.g-1 for more than 100 cycles at 2C rate. Poor performance was observed for PbNCN, Ag2NCN and ZnNCN since the practical capacities are well below the theoretical ones. These phase show also fast capacity fading during the first 20 cycles. These three performance categories correlate well with the three different reaction mechanisms established for the investigated phases. Up to now, three types of reaction mechanism have been identified including (i) Combined intercalation and conversion processes in the case of Cr2(NCN)3 as evidenced by both theoretical and experimental methods, (ii) pure conversion reaction in the case of CoNCN and finally (iii) a combined conversion and alloying mechanism in the case of Pb, Zn and Ag compounds. It is worth noting that whatever the reaction pathway, all the carbodiimide/cyanamide anode materials face the limitation of a significantly low coulombic efficiency during the first cycles. To overcome this obstacle, much effort is needed to clarify the nature and the role of SEI in the overall performance of this family of materials. The promising results reported in this work do not probably yet meet the standards needed to take carbodiimides/cyanamides into the practical applications, but they clearly evidence the rich possibilities offered by this young family of molecular inorganic materials
Dupré, Nicolas. „Etude du phosphate de vanadyle comme matériau d'électrode de batteries Li-ion“. Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066420.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLefevre, Guillaume. „Synthèse et étude électrochimique de matériaux silicates utilisés en tant qu'électrode positive pour les accumulateurs Li-Ion“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe society is currently facing challenges such as global warming and rarefaction of resources. These issues have a factor in common, energy and more specifically its storage, for which lithium-ion batteries are today the state-of-the-art technology. Researchers and industries are focusing on the increase of energy density and safety and the reduction of toxic, costly and rare elements. In this study, positive electrodes based on silicate polyanionic materials are considered to fulfill these requirements. Two materials are studied, Li2MnSiO4 that exhibits appealing large capacity (>300mAh.g-1) and an unreported LiMnSiO4 with olivine structure that would have medium capacity (174 mAh.g-1) but associated with a high voltage (>3.7V).In a first part, a nanocomposite material Li2MnSiO4/C is synthesized by sol-gel route. Its electrochemical and structural properties are studied. The different degradation phenomena are discussed thereafter. Al-doped and Mn-rich Li2-xMn1+xAlxSi1-xO4/C is also proposed to lower the structural collapse during cycling. Finally the impact of its storage in air is assessed and a mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of Li2CO3.In a second part, a multistep synthesis is designed starting from olivine MgMnSiO4/C, followed by chemical oxidation and electrochemical lithiation to obtain LiMnSiO4/C. Each step is characterized to assess the structure, oxidation degree and electrochemical behavior of the final material.Finally, the testing of the two materials for space applications (LEO and GEO satellites profiles) confirms the better cyclability of LiMnSiO4/C and its validity as promising alternative to the conventional unstable Li2MnSiO4 compound
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. „Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1126/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we show the relevance of Raman spectroscopy as a useful technique to investigate the local changes induced by the electrochemical reaction of intercalation/deintercalation of lithium in positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.Raman investigations concern three types of high voltage cathode materials (4-5Volts) which are layered LiCoO2 and cubic LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4.During electrochemical deintercalation of LiCoO2, we show the existence of a two phase region where the initial hexagonal phase coexist with a second hexagonal phase with a 3% expansion of the lattice parameter indicating a weakening of the Co-O bond in the Li1-xCoO2 material.On the other hand, a new assignment of LiMn2O4 Raman spectrum was proposed. During the charge in the 4V region, a three region phase (initial LiMn2O4 phase, intermediary phase and poor lithium phase) was described using Raman spectroscopy. RX measurements can not detect this intermediary phase. Lithiated phase Raman signature shows a specific local order: Fd3m for extreme phases and F43m for partially lithiated phase. A rich Raman band spectrum is attributed to this later phase in coherence with literature calculations. Structural changes reversibility is demonstrated. Identification of this intermediary phase as a major component of a cycled electrode, underline the incomplete reduction and explain the important loss of capacity observed during cycling. Raman study of LiMn2O4 electrochemical insertion in the 3V region, has demonstrated for the first time a progressive formation of tetragonal Li2Mn2O4 phase, which is in coexistence with initial cubic phase and is pure at the end of discharge. Structural transition reversibility was also demonstrated.In the case of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4, the assignment of the Raman spectrum of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 is provided for the first time. DRX study in function of the state of charge and discharge, exhibit cubic structure conservation with moderate lattice parameters variations. The Raman spectrum of the spinel oxide exhibits drastic spectral changes during Li extraction. These changes have been directly related to the Mn and Ni oxidation states in the cathode material under operation. It comes out that electrochemical reactions of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 are reversible and based on three redox couples of Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni2+/Ni3+, and Ni3+/Ni4+. An original and concrete Raman spectroscopy application is the study of self discharge mechanism of completely charged LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. Raman spectra evolution exhibits a quantitative Ni4+ reduction during the first hours, and then a slower Ni3+ reduction process. Finally, LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 lithium insertion has been explored for the first time using Raman spectroscopy, and a tetragonal Li2Ni0.4Mn1.6O4 phase has been identified.The originality of this work is the important number of experimental Raman data of 4V electrode materials. New assignment of initial compound has been proposed and original vibrationnal data of compound during charge/discharge has been presented. These Raman data has permitted to propose a quantitative explanation which must be completed with ab initio calculations to simulate vibrationnal modes frequencies/ intensities
Chartrel, Thibaut. „Optimisation de liants polymères pour électrodes négatives à base de silicium d'accumulateurs Li-ion“. Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBall milling impact into polymeric binder for Li-ion silicon-based negative electrode slurry was for the first time investigated. The poly(acrylic acid) degradation characterization is carried out and a solution is proposed in the form of new milling-free formulation development. [(Si+C)SPEX+B]MAG formulation then allows a capacity retention increase from 65 to 84 % at the 20th cycle for silicon rich electrode thanks to the polymeric binder ball milling deleterious absence. A polymer, poly(fumaric acid), is synthetized and used for the first time as silicon-based negative electrode binder. Its modest performance is improved by increasing its average molecular mass and the formulation developed during this work. Altough the electrochemical results of the electrodes based on this polymer are lower than those using PAA but optimizations are possible to improve its performance as a binder. Finally, the transposition of these works was carried out on two other negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: TiSnSb and silicon-graphite composite. As described in the literature, the silicon-based electrodes improvements are not strictly transposable to TiSnSb and the electrodes based on this material do not benefit from a significant improvement in their lifetime thanks to the formulation developed. The study of various weight ratios of Si:Gr shows that the silicon content should not be higher than 30 % in mass in the active material to allow interesting capacity retentions
Grizzanti, Andrea. „Verifiche, selezione e matching delle celle Li-Ion per il pacco batterie del micro-satellite ESEO“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14768/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhung, Thanh Hai. „Conception d'un équilibreur de charge de batterie à base du réseau de micro-convertisseurs“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodet-Bar, Thibault. „Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux matériaux organiques d'électrode positive à base de phénothiazine pour les applications dans les accumulateurs au lithium“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to develop phenothiazine-based redox organic materials for lithium positive electrode. Comparatively to inorganic materials, organic ones can constitute clear break by decreasing the cost, toxicity and security issues while keeping good performances. In that purpose, redox materials involving phenothiazine moieties have been synthesized, characterized, then, their electrochemical properties have been analyzed electrochemically, the most promising ones have been tested in lithium and sodium cells. The redox target chosen, the phenothiazine, has been polymerized and functionalized onto phosphazene backbone. Cell tests showed material dissolution contribution has to be avoided. In this context, insoluble polyphenothiazine and cross-linkable copolymers were able to upgrade significantly the cyclability and the energetic performances of lithium cells. Moreover, sodium cells with a poor lipophilic anion showed lower dissolution contribution. Carbon grafting by phenothiazine has also been investigated. It has been performed by electrochemical and chemical means and has led to promising electrochemical performances
Catozzi, Francesco. „Metodi per l’elaborazione di risultati di test su batterie agli ioni di litio a scopo modellizzazione“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenDalverny, Anne-Laure. „Étude théorique des phénomènes électrochimiques de surfaces et d'interfaces dans les matériaux d'électrodes pour batterie Li-ion“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe numerous questions arising from the nanostructuration of Li-ion batteries require new developments in theoretical methods. This work proposes a new methodology based on first principles calculations (DFT) andallows explicit treatment of the electrochemical phenomena at the bulk compound level, and also at the surface and interface level.Developed in the context of the conversion reactions, in particular the conversion of the cobalt oxide CoO + 2 Li → Co + Li2O, this simple methodology can be extended to any polyphasic reaction. It sheds light on the mechanical, chemical and electrical factors responsible for the electrochemical phenomena at the interfaces and allows the interpretation of the mechanisms that are experimentally observed
Nguyen, Olivier. „Towards a Li-ion photo-rechargeable battery“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS437.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSunlight, as abundant clean source of energy, can alleviate the energy limits of batteries, while batteries can address photovoltaic intermittency. Conventional design of solar charging batteries involves the use of batteries and solar modules as two separate units connected by electric wires. In this work, we have studied another approach to harvest and store solar energy simultaneously into a single device, using a TiO2 bi-functional Li-ion battery photo-electrode. The apprehension of an electrode undergoing simultaneous light absorption and Li+ intercalation/extraction is very rich in terms of potentialities. At the same time, the various facets of the electrode evolution are very challenging to track and understand. Mesoporous TiO2 anatase thin film on FTO substrates are used as model electrodes to allow a careful control of the electrode architecture. They are prepared by combining the sol-gel chemistry with the dip-coating process, using the “evaporation induced self-assembly” (EISA) approach. In order to bring the proof of concept of the photo-recharge of the electrode, its electrochemical behaviour under illumination is studied using a Li-ion battery configuration. Photo-induced mechanisms and fate of photo-charges are investigated by studying the influence of the electrode architecture and of the electrolyte
Noh, Mohd Hilmi. „Charge rapide de batteries lithium-ion basée sur la compensation de chute-ohmique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI076/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study fast-charging of lithium-ion, battery using the ohmic-drop compensation method. The latter method theoretically will reduce the total charging of the batteries considered. In this thesis, the ODC method was implemented on three different types of 18650 battery cells. These batteries are C/LFP, C/NMC and LTO/LFP. This method show a good result for C/LFP and LTO/LFP batteries with a reduction of total charging time of about 70% in comparison with the classical method. Nevertheless, there are some issues regarding this method; the temperature elevation of the battery is high during fast-charging. Indeed, almost all fast-charging procedure experiences the same problem concerning that matter. Moreover, with ODC fast-charging method, high current rate and high voltage will worsen the situation. These complications of the ODC fast-charging method are key points for both performance and durability of the batteries. Particularly, we have demonstrated that C/LFP battery underwent internal degradation as a mechanical deformation of the active materials and degradation of electrolyte
Ezzedine, Mariam. „Fabrication of hierarchical hybrid nanostructured electrodes based on nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes for Li-Ion batteries“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX105/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the bottom-up fabrication of hierarchical hybrid nanostructured materials based on active vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) decorated with nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to their unique structure and electronic properties, VACNTs act as a support matrix and an excellent current collector, and thus enhance the electronic and ionic transport pathways. The nanostructuration and the confinement of sulfur (S) in a conductive host material improve its conductivity, while the nanostructuration of silicon (Si) accommodates better the volume change during the electrochemical reactions. In the first part of the thesis, we have synthesized VACNTs by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) method directly over aluminum and copper commercial foils without any pretreatment of the substrates. In the second part, we have decorated the sidewalls and the surface of the VACNT carpets with various LIB's active electrode materials, including S and Si NPs. We have also deposited and characterized nickel (Ni) NPs on CNTs as alternative materials for the cathode electrode. No conductive additives or any polymer binder have been added to the electrode composition. The CNTs decoration has been done systematically through two different methods: wet method by electrodeposition and dry method by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The obtained hybrid structures have been electrochemically tested separately in a coin cell against a lithium counter-electrode. Regarding the S evaporationon VACNTs, and the S@VACNTs structure, these topics are investigated for the first time to the best of our knowledge.Preliminary tests on the obtained nanostructured cathodes (S@VACNTs coated with alumina or polyaniline) have shown that it is possible to attain a specific capacity close to S theoretical storage capacity. The surface capacity of S@VACNTs, with 0.76 mg cm-2 of S, at C/20 rate reaches 1.15 mAh cm-2 at the first cycle. For the nanostructured anodes Si@VACNTs, with 4.11 mg cm-2 of Si showed an excellent surface capacity of 12.6 mAh cm-2, the highest value for nanostructured silicon anodes obtained so far. In the last part of the thesis, the fabricated nanostructured electrodes have been assembled in a full battery (Li2S/Si) and its electrochemical performances experimentally tested. The high and well-balanced surface capacities obtained for S and Si nanostructured electrodes pave the way for realization of high energy density, all-nanostructured LIBs and demonstrate the large potentialities of the proposed hierarchical hybrid nanostructures' concept
Raghibi, Mohamed. „Etude des processus limitant la puissance au sein des batteries Li-ion“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi-ion batteries have become a necessity in human daily life as the most versatile, efficient and performing energy storage & conversion technology, they power our nomad electronic, cars and buffer the renewable intermittent energy sources. However, improvement of current battery systems is needed to meet the requirements of the transport sector in terms of energy density, safety, and cycle life. Besides the active materials, among the strategies to increase battery autonomy, one consists in optimizing the design parameters of the electrode such as the formulation, loading, microstructure, and porosity. The idea is simply to increase the ratio of active materials (negative and positive electrode thickness) to inactive components (separator, current collector…). However, by doing so, the output power density becomes strongly limited by the charge transport within the composite electrodes, notably at high current densities.In this PhD work, Li-battery capacity is investigated as a function of the current density with respect to electrode design parameters such as porosity, formulation, loading, and microstructure as well as temperature. For this purpose, LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811) based positive electrodes were formulated at different loadings (from 0.4 to 3.4 mAh.cm-2), compositions (Active material%, Carbon%, PVDF binder %), and calendered to reach different porosities (from 20 to 50 %). The microstructure and specific area of the active materials and the electrodes are fully characterized by SEM, Granulometry and BET. Then, the battery power performance, capacity as a function of discharge current, is fully captured and analyzed using a time-saving methodology which enables the determination of a limiting current density (Jlim) and the extraction of an effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) corresponding to the limiting transport process. In addition, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) as a function of the state of charge (SOC) is also reported by coupling GITT and EIS allowing to capture of the physico-chemical processes at stake during the battery cycling. Afterwards, the correlation between design parameters, the temperature and the effective electrochemical parameters such as Deff, Jlim, and Rct is discussed
Si, Wenping. „Designing Electrochemical Energy Storage Microdevices: Li-Ion Batteries and Flexible Supercapacitors“. Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-160049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman beings are facing the grand energy challenge in the 21st century. Nowhere has this become more urgent than in the area of energy storage and conversion. Conventional energy is based on fossil fuels which are limited on the earth, and has caused extensive environmental pollutions. Additionally, the consumptions of energy are still increasing, especially with the rapid proliferation of vehicles and various consumer electronics like PCs and cell phones. We cannot rely on the earth’s limited legacy forever. Alternative energy resources should be developed before an energy crisis. The developments of renewable conversion energy from solar and wind are very important but these energies are often not even and continuous. Therefore, energy storage devices are of significant importance since they are the one stabilizing the converted energy. In addition, it is a disappointing fact that nowadays a smart phone, no matter of which brand, runs out of power in one day, and users have to carry an extra mobile power pack. Portable electronics demands urgently high-performance energy storage devices with higher energy density. The first part of this work involves lithium-ion micro-batteries utilizing single silicon rolled-up tubes as anodes, which are fabricated by the rolled-up nanotechnology approach. A lab-on-chip electrochemical device platform is presented for probing the electrochemical kinetics, electrical properties and lithium-driven structural changes of a single silicon rolled-up tube as an anode in lithium ion batteries. The second part introduces the new design and fabrication of on chip, all solid-state and flexible micro-supercapacitors based on MnOx/Au multilayers, which are compatible with current microelectronics. The micro-supercapacitor exhibits a maximum energy density of 1.75 mW h cm-3 and a maximum power density of 3.44 W cm-3. Furthermore, a flexible and weavable fiber-like supercapacitor is also demonstrated using Cu wire as substrate. This dissertation was written based on the research project supported by the International Research Training Group (IRTG) GRK 1215 "Rolled-up nanotech for on-chip energy storage" from the year 2010 to 2013 and PAKT project "Electrochemical energy storage in autonomous systems, no. 49004401" from 2013 to 2014. The aim of the projects was to design advanced energy storage materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries and flexible supercapacitors in order to address the energy issue. Here, I am deeply indebted to IRTG for giving me an opportunity to carry out the research project in Germany. September 2014, IFW Dresden, Germany Wenping Si
Al, Nazer Rouba. „Système de mesure d'impédance électrique embarqué, application aux batteries Li-ion“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958783.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTran, Thanh-Ha. „Études thermiques du stockeur d'énergie électrique automobile“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLithium-ion batteries, characterized by their high energy and power density, are highly recommended as power sources for electrified vehicles (HEV/PHEV/EV). However, lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to their environment and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperature. The goals of this thesis are to develop an accurate lithium-ion cell heat loss calculation method and to investigate the thermal performance of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries. The first part presents a global heat calculation procedure for lithium-ion cell which takes into account both the polarization heat and the entropic heat. This heat generation model was coupled with a cell two-dimensional thermal model in order to predict the cell’s temperature. Temperature estimations obtained by simulation for a 22 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite cell showed a very good agreement with experimental results. In the second part, thermal performances of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries (air, phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe) were evaluated experimentally under several heat rates and cooling conditions. Heat pipe cooling was found to be a promising cooling solution which works efficiently even under low rate ventilation cooling condition. The experimented PCM cooling system had very poor thermal performance, mainly due to the low thermal conductivity of the used PCM formulation. However, simulations showed that significant improvement could be achieved by using another alternative PCM formulation
Gruet, David. „Modélisation cinétique de la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique de cellules Li-ion“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS401.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for characterizing electrochemical system. The interpretation of EIS spectra performed on Li-ion batteries can be however tedious because these systems are composed of porous electrodes. A way to improve the interpretation of these impedance data is to use modelling. In the 60s, Newman’s group developed a model for porous electrodes, describing the whole battery system taking into account physicochemical phenomena occurring in the composite electrodes. Based on their work, we developed an analytical solution for EIS by linearizing all the equations of the Newman’s model. The model obtained is then directly connected to the physical phenomena occurring inside the porous electrodes which will greatly help to interpret impedance spectra, thus, enabling to study the impact of geometrical parameters or the impact of kinetic and transport parameters on the EIS response. We also studied how an insulating layer forming around the particles of active material influenced the impedance response of the porous electrode. We were able to determine the origin of the different time constants observed on the EIS diagrams. Finally, we also introduced the concept of optimal porosity, which corresponds to a porosity for which the performance of the battery is optimized. In the last part of our work, the fit of experimental impedance spectra with our model was performed. We thus determined the exchange current density and the diffusion coefficient of graphite powder thanks to the cavity microelectrode technique. Using these parameters, we have been able to compare the experimental impedance results we obtained with the model
Tranchot, Alix. „Etude par émission acoustique et dilatométrie d'électrodes à base de silicium pour batteries Li-ion“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI101/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries, especially for the electric vehicle market, the development of new electrode materials is required. Silicon is a particularly interesting material, thanks to its high specific capacity (3579mAh/g, ten times higher than the capacity of graphite). Nevertheless, upon lithiation, silicon undergoes an important expansion (300% vs 10% for graphite). This leads to the cracking of the Si particles and fracturing of the electrode film. These induces electrical disconnections upon cycling, resulting in a poor cycle life. To improve the cyclability of the Si based electrodes, it is important to better understand/quantify their mechanical degradation. Conventional post mortem analyses are insufficient for that purpose. The objective of this work is to develop and use in operando analyses techniques. Therefore, we established protocols to characterize composite electrodes by electrochemical measurements coupled with either acoustic emission (AE) or dilatometry measurements. The evolution of the acoustic activity upon cycling showed that the cracking of the micrometric Si particles and of the composite film mainly occurs during the first cycle and is initiated in the early stage of the lithiation. Very few AE signals are detected in the following cycles. The signal analysis leads to the identification of three types of signals depending to their peak frequency. High frequency signals were associated with surface micro-cracking of the Si particles at the beginning of lithiation. Medium and low frequency signals were respectively attributed to the fracturing of the electrode film and bulk macro-cracking of the Si particles at the end of lithiation. An electrode thickness expansion of 170% was measured by electrochemical dilatometry for our electrodes prepared at pH3 versus 300% for electrodes prepared at pH7. The different mechanical behavior is explained by the formation of covalent bonds between the CMC binder and Si particles at pH3, which increases the mechanical stability of electrodes. This was confirmed by the measurement of their hardness and Young’s modulus. Therefore, pH3 electrodes display a higher capacity retention. It was also demonstrated that a decrease of the Si particle size does not necessarily lead to an improvement of the electrode cycle life. Indeed, we observed a significant decrease of the electrode cycle life when the Si particle size is decreased from 230 to 85 nm. This can be explained by a lack of CMC binder in relation with the higher surface area of the smaller Si particles, leading to a lower mechanical resistance of the electrode film. Within the first cycles, Si 85 nm based electrodes suffer from important cracking and exfoliation. This was confirmed by in operando dilatometry and acoustic measurements, and post mortem SEM observations
Falconi, Andrea. „Modélisation électrochimique du comportement d’une cellule Li-ion pour application au véhicule électrique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe future development of electric vehicles is mostly dependent of improvements in battery performances. In support of the actual research of new materials having higher performances in terms of energy, power, durability and cost, it is necessary to develop modeling tools. The models are helpful to simulate integration of the battery in the powertrain and crucial for the battery management system, to improve either direct (e.g. preventing overcharges and thermal runaway) and indirect (e.g. state of charge indicators) safety. However, the battery models could be used to understand its physical phenomena and chemical reactions to improve the battery design according with vehicles requirements and reduce the testing phases. One of the most common model describing the porous electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is revisited. Many variants available in the literature are inspired by the works of prof. J Newman and his research group from UC Berkeley. Yet, relatively few works, to the best of our knowledge, analyze in detail its predictive capability. In the present work, to investigate this model, all the physical quantities are set in a dimensionless form, as commonly used in fluid mechanics: the parameters that act in the same or the opposite ways are regrouped and the total number of simulation parameter is greatly reduced. In a second phase, the influence of the parameter is discussed, and interpreted with the support of the limit cases. The analysis of the discharge voltage and concentration gradients is based on galvanostatic and pulse/relaxation current profiles and compared with tested commercial LGC cells. The simulations are performed with the software Comsol® and the post-processing with Matlab®. Moreover, in this research, the parameters from the literatures are discussed to understand how accurate are the techniques used to parametrize and feed the inputs of the model. Then, our work shows that the electrode isotherms shapes have a significant influence on the accuracy of the evaluation of the states of charges in a complete cell. Finally, the protocols to characterizes the performance of commercial cells at different C-rates are improved to guarantee the reproducibility
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. „Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoland, Aude. „Nanostructuration et contrôle de l'interface électrode/électrolyte appliqués à des électrodes de silicium pour batteries Li-ion“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilicon is one of the most promising active material for the next generation lithium-ion batteries (LiB) negative electrode. Indeed, it exhibits a 10 times higher specific capacity than graphite currently commercialized in batteries. Its low working potential achieves high energy density while limiting the dendrite growth responsible for thermal runaway. Despite its advantages, its intrinsic limits such as low electronic and ionic conductivities and the large volume expansion induced by the formation of the lithiated phases still avoid its incorporation into commercial batteries. Indeed, this active material expansion causes the electrode pulverization, leading to active material electrical isolation and so a low capacity retention in cycling. The active material spraying also induces new interfaces formation in contact with the electrolyte, which induces SEI formation and limited performance. In these work, silicon nanostructuring is proposed to limit active material spraying. Different nanostructures have been studied such as nanowires, nanoparticles and nanoporous silicon materials. On-chip nanowires have been studied, their elaboration method was optimized and their battery performance were tested. Porous silicon electrodes were prepared by electrochemical etching of a Si wafer and studied in composite electrodes. The nanoparticles study, were used to optimize the electrode formulation and the general testing conditions. These parameters were then applied to study the morphological properties (modulated by heat treatment) impact on porous Si-based electrodes performance in Li-ion battery. Afterward, the study focused on the electrode / electrolyte interface, the Si surface was modified by different carbon coatings (amorphous carbon, graphene-like, pitch). The electrochemical performance of these electrodes were compared. The SEI composition and its evolution in cycling was followed. Additionally, a complete study of the pH of the aqueous formulated electrode on the performance of that one was carried out
Plylahan, Nareerat. „Electrodeposition of Polymer Electrolytes into Titania Nanotubes as Negative Electrode for 3D Li-ion Microbatteries“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitania nanotubes (TiO2nts) as potential negative electrode for 3D lithium-ion microbatteries have been reported. Smooth and highly-organized TiO2nts are fabricated by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil in glycerol or ethylene glycol electrolyte containing fluoride ions and small amount of water. As-formed TiO2nts shows the open tube diameter of 100 nm and the length from 1.5 to 14 µm which are suitable for the fabrication of the 3D microcbatteries. The deposition of PMA-PEG polymer electrolyte carrying LiTFSI salt into TiO2nts has been achieved by the electropolymerization reaction. The morphology studies by SEM and TEM reveal that the nanotubes are conformally coated with 10 nm of the polymer layer at the inner and outer walls from the bottom to the top without closing the tube opening. 1H NMR and SEC show that the electropolymerization leads to PMA-PEG that mainly consists of trimers. XPS confirms the presence of LiTFSI salt in the oligomers.The electrochemical studies of the as-formed TiO2nts and polymer-coated TiO2nts have been performed in the half-cells and full cells using MA-PEG gel electrolyte containing LiTFSI in Whatman paper as separator. The half-cell of TiO2nts (1.5 µm long) delivers a stable capacity of 22 µAh cm-2 over 100 cycles. The performance of the half-cell is improved by 45% at 1C when TiO2nts are conformally coated with the polymer electrolyte. The better performance results from the increased contact area between electrode and electrolyte, thereby improving the charge transport
Nazer, Rouba Al. „Système de mesure d'impédance électrique embarqué, application aux batteries Li-ion“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmbedded electrical impedance measurement is a key issue to enhance battery monitoring and diagnostic in a vehicle. It provides additional measures to those of the pack's current and cell's voltage to enrich the aging's indicators in a first time, and the battery states in a second time. A classical method for battery impedance measurements is the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At each frequency, a sinusoidal signal current (or voltage) of a variable frequency sweeping a range of frequencies of interest is at the input of the battery and the output is the measured voltage response (or current). An active identification technique based on the use of wideband signals composed of square patterns is proposed. Particularly, simulations were used to compare the performance of different excitation signals commonly used for system identification in several domains and to verify the linear and time invariant behavior for the electrochemical element. The evaluation of the estimation performance is performed using a specific quantity: the spectral coherence. This statistical value is used to give a confidence interval for the module and the phase of the estimated impedance. It allows the selection of the frequency range where the battery respects the assumptions imposed by the non-parametric identification method. To experimentally validate the previous results, an electronic test bench was designed. Experimental results are used to evaluate the wideband frequency impedance identification. A reference circuit is first used to evaluate the performance of the used methodology. Experimentations are then done on a Li–ion battery. Comparative tests with EIS are realized. The specifications are established using a simulator of Li-ion battery. They are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed wide band identification method and fix its usefulness for the battery states estimation: the state of charge and the state of health
Marino, Cyril. „Optimisation de nouvelles électrodes négatives énergétiques pour batteries lithium-ion : caractérisation des interfaces électrode/électrolyte“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20175/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is devoted to the study of two negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: NiSb2 and TiSnSb. These conversion type materials have high capacities greater than graphite electrode used in current devices. However, these compounds suffer from i) a low cyclability caused by volumetric variations which are characteristic of this type of electrode, and ii) a loss of lithium (irreversible process) during the 1st insertion due to the reduction of the liquid electrolyte on the surface of active material.The mechanisms have been studied by X-Ray Diffraction, Mössbauer Spectroscopy (119Sn and 121Sb). The in situ and ex situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy analysis have allowed identifying both the formation of highly reactive Ti and Ni nanoparticles and a relaxation effect in the discharged electrode at 0V. The improvement of performances is based on the composite electrodes formulation using carbon fibers as conductive additive and Carboxymethyl cellulose CMC as binder. A cyclability of 250 cycles at C and 4C rate is reached for TiSnSb electrodes. The addition of Fluoro Ethylene Carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte is another way to increase the life span of electrodes.The electrode/electrolyte interface has been analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy. During the discharge, among the species produced from the reduction of electrolyte Li2CO3 is in the majority because new surfaces are created (volumetric expansion). On charge, a fragmentation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) deposited on the surface of the active material grains is observed. Moreover, first XPS investigations have shown that the SEI thickness continuously increases on cycling
Leveau, Lucie. „Etude de nanofils de silicium comme matériau d'électrode négative de batterie lithium-ion“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01234963v2/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNadeau, Jonathan. „Effets du vieillissement de la batterie Li-ion sur les performances d'un véhicule récréatif hybride branchable à trois roues“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXiong, Bao Kou. „Quantification des gaz générés lors du fonctionnement d'une batterie Li-ion : effet des conditions opératoires et rôle de l'électrolyte“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functioning of lithium-ion batteries, may it be under normal use or under abusive conditions, is accompanied by gas generation, especially during the first cycles. This extent of gas generation is dependent on the choice of electrode materials, the electrolyte, and the operating conditions. This gas generation is detrimental: the build-up of pressure leads to the over-pressure in the battery, raising serious concerns. This study is aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing these reactions. To do so, the « pouch cell » configuration was adopted throughout this thesis. The electrolyte we worked on is the mixture EC:PC:3DMC + 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6. The first chapter of this work is dedicated to development of an experimental protocol based on (i) the analysis of the electrodes materials (NMC, LFP, Gr and LTO), (ii) the gas solubilities (O2, H2) compared to (CO2, CH4) by PVT method, and (iii) the quantification of the volume of generated gases during the cycling of pouch cells which was correlated to the electrochemical performances. A preliminary analysis of half-cells and full cells Gr//NMC and LTO//LFP were also conducted to foresee the performances of the pouch cells. A critical analysis of data taken from the literature and from our own experiments enabled the optimization of a proper procedure to get reproducible and comparable results. The second part of this thesis consists in the quantification of the volume of gases generated during the cycling of Gr//NMC, Gr//LFP, LTO//LFP and LTO//NMC pouch cells. In that respect, the voltages of the end of charge and the effect of salt and of temperature were discussed to figure out the essential parameters in the gas generation and in particular during the formation of SEI. Lastly, a compositional analysis of gases was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. Based on those results, a mechanism is proposed and discussed herein
Soulmi, Nadia. „Mise au point de nouveaux procédés d'élaboration en milieu liquide ionique de nanomatériaux à base d'étain en vue de leur utilisation comme électrode négative de batterie Li-ion“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066520/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTin is a promising alternative to replace graphite carbon as a negative electrode material in Li-ion batteries due to its high specific theoretical mass capacity of 993 mAh.g-1. However, change in volume during lithiation leads to its mechanical degradation during the cycling, and consequently very short life of the material. To overcome this issue, the use of the intergranular space via the nanostructuration of the material combined by the addition of a carbon matrix or other inactive element vs. lithium (intermetallic alloys), which buffers drastically the volume expansion during the lithium alloying process, is employed. The aim of this work is to develop new processes for the synthesis of tin nanoparticles and tin-copper alloys in ionic liquid medium. Sn nanoparticles varying in size from 7 to 45 nm were synthesized, according to the cation-anion combination of the ionic liquid and from different metallic salts, as well as a nano-alloy compound, Cu6Sn5. The size of the nanoparticles is directly related to the nature of the anion although the cation has a privileged interaction with the metal surface of the nanoparticles. Once isolated from the ionic liquid, Sn and Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles have a core-shell architecture with a metallic or intermetallic crystalline core and an amorphous shell of tin oxides. A reversible conversion mechanism of the SnOx from the shell is highlighted for Sn@SnOx nanoparticles, with a high specific capacity of approximately 950 mAh.g-1. Sn-Cu@SnOx nano-alloys have a capacity close to the theoretical for an alloy mechanism at more than 530 mAh.g-1
Brazier, Adrien. „Premiers pas vers l'observation in situ dans un Microscope Electronique en Transmission d'une batterie en cours de cyclage électronique“. Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi-ion batteries are energy storage devices that are suitable for portable applications and support the need of using intrinsically diffuse/intermittent renewable energy sources. In order to improve such devices and make them safer, it is crucial to understand and characterize in the most accurate way the constitutive materials and their interfaces. To do so the use of powerful tools, like Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), is essential especially since nano-architectured materials have been developed. On this basis our project relates to the in situ study of an electrochemical system under operation within a TEM. The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the strategy of the study. Indeed, the technological issues inherent to both the TEM technique and the battery forced us to make some choices like the use of an all solid-state microbattery. The fabrication process of a microbattery, including the synthesis and the study of each active material, is detailed in the second chapter. The third part describes the solutions suggested to solve some of the technological issues encountered. We thus demonstrated the first ex situ TEM observation of "nanobatteries" obtained by cross-sectioning a microbattery using focus ion beam (FIB) in a dual beam SEM. Then, TEM analyses between pristine, cycled, and faulted all solid-state batteries have revealed drastic changes, damages or deterioration mechanisms, never highlighted previously. Since it was not possible during the previous experiments to achieve an in situ TEM observation of "nanobatteries" cycled within the microscope, we describe in the last chapter all the configuration modifications made. The new design of the samples allowed us to experiment live in situ TEM cycling and to reveal the last challenges that have to be faced
Li, Wei. „Sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 anatase in a fluorinated medium and its applications as negative electrode for Li+ and Na+ batteries“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066238/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifunctional material and presents promising properties ranging from catalysis to energy storage and conversion. In order to obtain enhanced physico-chemical properties, several approaches were applied such as, reducing particle sizes, modifying morphology, doping with other elements. In this thesis, a new synthesis method based on sol-gel chemistry is developed in fluorinated medium. The divalent O2- in TiO2 anatase is substituted by monovalent F- and OH- anions, the deficiency of negative charge is counterbalanced by the simultaneous formation of cationic Ti4+ vacancies (•) which can be tuned by the reaction temperature. The new family of polyanionic materials has the general composition of Ti1-x-y•x+yO2-4(x+y)F4x(OH)4y with up to 22 % of cationic vacancies. The drastically doped material keeps its original crystalline network and shows unique local structure. Its formation mechanism is investigated at atomic scale. The effects of synthesis parameters on structure, morphology and chemical composition of the resulting phase are studied in details. When used as anode for lithium-ion batteries, the cation-defected fluorinated anatase shows superior lithium storage performance, especially at high charge/discharge rate. The presence of vacancy modifies lithium insertion mechanism compared to stoichiometric TiO2 anatase: a solid solution reaction was found instead a well-known two-phase reaction, highlighting the impact of structure modification on the electrochemical properties vs. Li+. Sodium insertion mechanism into stoichiometric and defective anatase are studied at the last. Unprecedented insights into Na+ insertion reaction are gained
Lepoivre, Florent. „Study and improvement of non-aqueous Lithium-Air batteries via the development of a silicon-based anode“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066326/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSupplying the world energy demand while reducing the greenhouse gases emissions is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century; this requires the development of efficient energy storage devices enabling the utilization of renewable energies. Among them, Lithium-Air batteries are very attractive due to their high theoretical energy density – 10 times that of the current Li-ion batteries – but their development is hindered by the complexity of the chemistry at play. In order to understand such chemistry, we designed a new electrochemical test cell that integrates a pressure sensor, thereby enabling an accurate in operando monitoring of the pressure changes during charge/discharge with high reproducibility and sensitivity. Its use is demonstrated by quantifying the parasitic reactions in Li-O2 cells for various electrolytes frequently encountered in the literature. Through this comparative study, we are able to observe the phenomena currently limiting the performances of Li-O2 batteries after a long cycling (> 1000 h), such as parasitic reactions and the instability of the Li anode. To address the later issue, Li was replaced by a prelithiated silicon electrode made of Si particles oxidized in surface. We demonstrated the feasibility of enhancing both their capacity and cycle life via a pre-formatting treatment that triggers the reduction of their SiO2 coating by liberating pure Si metal. The full LixSi-O2 cells using such treated electrodes exhibit performances competing with the best analogous systems reported in the literature (> 30 cycles; more than 400 h of cycling), but the development of practical prototypes still requires to improve the cycle-life
Pagot, G. „Electrode and electrolyte materials for the development of high voltage lithium-ion batteries and secondary batteries based on alkali and alkaline-earth ions“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426843.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBodenes, Lucille. „Etude du vieillissement de batteries lithium-ion fonctionnant à haute température par Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS)“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, lithium-ion batteries occupy a prominent place in the field of energy storage. Phenomena involved in their aging mechanisms are quite well known for operating temperatures close to room temperature. However, their use at high temperatures for applications such as oil drilling, "in situ" sterilization or freight tracking requires some technical issues to be improved: stability of the electrolyte and electrode binders, compatibility electrolyte / separator, aging of active materials and changes of the interfaces. The batteries selected for this thesis consist of a Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 lamellar material at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. To describe aging phenomena related to high temperature, surface analyzes were carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy on the electrodes of batteries cycled at 85 and 120°C. These analyzes reveal the degradation of the positive electrode’s binder, and the changes of electrodes/electrolyte’s interfaces at high temperature compared to ambient temperature
Maillard, Florian. „Méthodologie de diagnostic des batteries Li-ion par la mesure des bruits électrochimiques“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the electrochemical voltage fluctuations Li-ion batteries, commonly known as electrochemical noise. The idea is to use the electrochemical measurement noise in operation to generate, via signal processing, statistical descriptors to characterize the SOH (health). The objective is to develop an innovative method noninvasive diagnostic to complement traditional methods (impedance,...). DCNS St Tropez has participated and intends to develop this approach in the context of an arms supply subsea application, which requires a very high level of security and reliability. The measurement of Li-ion batteries is difficult because of very low signal levels and requires efficient appliances. We installed a measurement system for acquiring voltage fluctuations landfill. Then we extracted noise due to robust numerical method. The discharge voltage is non-stationary, which requires a specific treatment. The short-term analysis by moments of order 2, 3 and 4 shows that there are three areas in which the noises are completely different. The middle of the discharge has a uniform distribution characterized by a V-shape (minimum to SOC = 55 %), tempo-frequency coherent structures on the edges revealed by wavelet analysis. Our model allows to find the predominant noise sources and identify the parameters responsible for the electrochemical noise. Future applications include the characterization of aging and quality of manufacture of batteries