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Hanken, Taylor, Sam Young, Karen Smilowitz, George Chiampas und David Waskowski. „Developing a Data Visualization System for the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA)“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, Nr. 5 (05.08.2016): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600073x.
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AbstractAs one of the largest marathons worldwide, the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (BACCM; Chicago, Illinois USA) accumulates high volumes of data. Race organizers and engaged agencies need the ability to access specific data in real-time. This report details a data visualization system designed for the Chicago Marathon and establishes key principles for event management data visualization. The data visualization system allows for efficient data communication among the organizing agencies of Chicago endurance events. Agencies can observe the progress of the race throughout the day and obtain needed information, such as the number and location of runners on the course and current weather conditions. Implementation of the system can reduce time-consuming, face-to-face interactions between involved agencies by having key data streams in one location, streamlining communications with the purpose of improving race logistics, as well as medical preparedness and response.HankenT, YoungS, SmilowitzK, ChiampasG, WaskowskiD. Developing a data visualization system for the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):572–577.
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Casals, Neus Torbisco, und Idil Boran. „Interview with Iris Marion Young“. Hypatia 23, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2008.tb01211.x.
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Originally, the idea of interviewing Iris Marion Young in Barcelona came about after she accepted an invitation to give a public lecture at the Law School of Pompeu Fabra University in May 2002. I had first met Iris back in 1999, at a conference in Bristol, England, and I was impressed deeply by her personality and ideas. We kept in touch since then and exchanged papers and ideas. She was very keen to come to Spain (it seems that her mother had lived some years in Mallorca) and she finally travelled to Barcelona with her husband and daughter in spring 2002.The lecture, which she entitled “Women, War, and Peace,” was meant to be the closing session of a course on Gender and the Law, and was also part of a series of seminars annually organized by the legal philosophy department (the Albert Calsamiglia Seminar). Her work was quite well-known among several Catalan philosophers and political scientists and professor Angel Castiñeira—who, at the time, was the director of Idees (Ideas), a Catalan journal published by the Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis (Center for the Study of Contemporary Issues)—suggested that she could give a second lecture, which they would publish together with an interview I could prepare. She accepted both proposals, and I started to think of a questionnaire for the interview while I was at Queen's University in Canada earlier that year. Idil Boran, a philosopher and good friend who did her doctorate at Queen's, offered to help me with this endeavour, since she also admired Iris as both a scholar and a person. Together we prepared the questions and sent them to her once she was back in Chicago, as there was not time to conduct the interview in person while she was in Barcelona.In fall 2002, she sent some answers to our questions, but the document was unfortunately incomplete. She was busy at the time, so we didn't want to pressure her to finish the interview. Eventually, the editors of Idees decided to publish the manifest about the war in Iraq subscribed by a large number of American Intellectuals together with fragments of Iris's (antiwar) lectures and an article that she wrote together with Daniel Archibugi, “Envisioning a Global Rule of Law.”1 The interview was thus left unpublished. Both Idil and I thought it would be worthwhile to publish it somewhere else, but, for one reason or another, Iris didn't have the time to complete it and we kept postponing the project. At some point, she said that the questions she left unanswered were too complex or challenging to give a short or quick answer, and that she would need to reflect on them to provide detailed responses.Later, we learned she was ill and we didn't feel it was right to insist on those questions being answered. The issue came up again when she accepted to participate as a keynote speaker at the World Congress of Legal Philosophy held in Granada in June 2005. She then said she would come first to Barcelona (where she and Nancy Fraser had been invited to a workshop by the Catalan Women Institute) and suggested we could sit in a cafe and talk about the issues left out in those unanswered questions. Unfortunately, she had to cancel this trip because of her medical treatment, and I did not have the privilege of sharing time with her again. The following series of questions and responses are the product of this rather extended interview process.Neus Torbisco Casals
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Parker, William N. „A “New” Business History? A Commentary on the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics“. Business History Review 67, Nr. 4 (1993): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116806.
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The editor of the Business History Review has asked me, as the oldest “new” economic historian, to make a comment on the 1993 Nobel Prize award in Economics—a comment directed to “real” historians—which I am not—and especially to business historians, of whose product I have been an often satisfied—though occasionally restless—consumer. Needless to say, I find this to be an assignment difficult to fulfill. Praise will be put down to “trendy” insincerity and criticism to jealousy. Nor will Historians miss the irony in all the excitement generated by the award within a sub-tribe whose main charge has been to minimize the biographical, the “human” element in historical explanation. The self-styled “new” economic history movement, christened half-jokingly as early as 1968 by an ingenious neologism, “Cliometrics,” was now, twenty-five years later, awarded what is formally known as the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Science in Honor of Alfred Nobel, in the persons of two of its very keen and most prolific, best-known, energetic, and indomitable practitioners, Douglass C. North of Washington University (St. Louis, Mo.) and Robert W. Fogel of the University of Chicago (Chicago, Ill.). Surely there is some lesson in marketing in all this to make business and entrepreneurial historians sit up and take notice.
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Repousis, Spyridon. „Is there banks stocks’ manipulation around announcement of national elections and how can we detect and recover ill gotten assets?“ Journal of Money Laundering Control 17, Nr. 4 (07.10.2014): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2013-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of major non-economic events, such as the announcement of Greek national parliamentary elections during the period 2000-2009, and search for stock manipulation and methods to detect and recover ill gotten assets. The Financial Sector in Greece is one of the most important and fast growing sectors during recent years and accounts to about 16.17-17.74 per cent of gross domestic product. The ten largest Greek banks listed in the Athens Stock Exchange, accounted to 38.34 per cent of the whole capitalisation of the Athens Stock Exchange during year end 2009. Design/methodology/approach – By using event study methodology and Market Model and analyzing data of all Greek bank stocks prices listed in Athens Stock Exchange, before and after the announcement of four Greek national parliamentary elections during period 2000-2009, we find interesting results about stock market manipulation. Findings – Using daily data from the Athens Stock Exchange, the results of this paper claim that the four Greek national parliamentary elections during the period 2000-2009, had no statistically significant effect on the Greek banks stocks. The results show that Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAARs) were slightly positive or negative for Greek banks’ stocks, but not statistically significant in 5 and 10 per cent confidence levels. Results show no manipulation effect in banks’ stocks even if single-party governments in Greece caused elections early, sudden or even opportunistic timing, having an incentive to attempt to manipulate stocks to increase their chances of re-election. Practical implications – Results show that CAARs were slightly positive or negative for Greek banks stocks, but not statistically significant in 5 and 10 per cent confidence levels, but when illicit funds or assets have been acquired from stock manipulation, as small as can be, then one fact remains constant. Proceeds from illicit activities must be disguised in some way to avoid being discovered and then being recovered. Especially, during current the financial crisis, debt crisis and the extraordinary liquidity support measures taken by the European Central Bank (ECB), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and European Commission to support Greek economy, using methods to detect and recover ill gotten assets are extremely important. Indirect methods such as net worth analysis, bank deposit analysis, expenditure method or sources and application of funds analysis, to detect ill gotten assets, and then when ill gotten income and assets from bank stock manipulation are found, a restraining order or court order will help to recovery assets by freezing and finally confiscating them by two types of forfeiture – criminal and civil forfeitures. Establishing a code of conduct informing employees of the risks and consequences of insider trading, creating a culture of honesty and high ethics and implementing Controlled Foreign Corporation legislation to cope with off-shore companies trading, can help to recover ill gotten assets. Originality/value – The paper examines if there is banks stocks manipulation around announcement of Greek national parliamentary elections during the period 2000-2009; suggesting methods to detect and recover ill gotten assets and improving the current position of the Greek economy. Findings offer important positive implications for investors, political analysts and society as a whole, as Greek banks stocks show that they are not subject to political risk and manipulation and that there are methods to detect and recover ill gotten assets. A stable bank sector is prerequisite for economy growth.
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Chan, Jennifer Lisa, Valentino Constantinou, Jennifer Fokas, Sarah Van Deusen Phillips und George Chiampas. „An Overview of Chicago (Illinois USA) Marathon Prehospital Care Demographics, Patient Care Operations, and Injury Patterns“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, Nr. 03 (Juni 2019): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004345.
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AbstractIntroduction:Large-scale mass-sporting events are increasingly requiring greater prehospital event planning and preparation to address inherent event-associated medical conditions in addition to incidents that may be unexpected. The Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA) is one of the largest marathons in the world, and with the improvement of technology, the use of historical patient and event data, in conjunction with environmental conditions, can provide organizers and public safety officials a way to plan based on injury patterns and patient demands for care by predicting the placement and timing of needed medical support and resources.Problem:During large-scale events, disaster planning and preparedness between event organizers, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and local, state, and federal agencies is critical to ensure participant and public safety.Methods:This study looked at the Bank of America Chicago Marathon, a significant endurance event, and took a unique approach of reviewing digital runner data retrospectively over a five-year period to establish patterns of medical demand geographically, temporally, and by the presenting diagnoses. Most medical complaints were musculoskeletal in nature; however, there were life-threatening conditions such as hyperthermia and cardiac incidents that highlight the need for detailed planning, coordination, and communication to ensure a safe and secure event.Conclusions:The Chicago Marathon is one of the largest marathons in the world, and this study identified an equal number of participants requiring care on-course and at the finish line. Most medical complaints were musculoskeletal in nature; however, there were life-threatening conditions such as hyperthermia and cardiac incidents that highlight the need for detailed planning, multi-disciplined coordination, and communication to ensure a safe and secure event. As technology has evolved, the use, analysis, and implementation of historical digital data with various environmental conditions can provide organizers and public safety officials a map to plan injury patterns and patient demands by predicting the placement and timing of needed medical support, personnel, and resources.
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Zambelis, Eva, und Mark Thomas. „Crédit Agricole and Emporiki. Buying a Greek bank in 2006. What could go wrong?“ Strategic Direction 32, Nr. 9 (12.09.2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-05-2016-0070.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to see how NOT to manage an acquisition through the case study of one of the worst M&As in recent years: Emporiki Bank’s by Crédit Agricole. Although the role of the banks is to manage risk, the acquisition of Emporiki by Crédit Agricole shows how easy it is, when ill prepared, to make one mistake after another and get trapped without a way out. It can even cause to take such desperate decisions as in this case sell an entire bank for one single euro. Design/methodology/approach General review. Findings The paper shows that being a very successful bank does not guarantee in any way good M&As, especially in an unknown market. Preparation, understanding of the whole situation and reactivity is key for a successful M&A. Without it, the consequences can be disastrous. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
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Min, Lei, Ping Yang, Lizhi Dong, Wenjin Liu, Shuai Wang, Bing Xu und Yong Liu. „A l1 Norm Based Image Prior Combination in Multiframe Superresolution“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2694638.
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We address the multiframe superresolution problem using the variational Bayesian method in this paper. In the variational Bayesian framework, the prior is crucial in transferring the ill-posed reconstruction problem to a well-posed one. We propose a prior combination method based on filter bank and l1 norm. Multiple filters are used in our prior model, and the corresponding combination coefficient vector can be estimated by the characteristics of the filtered image and noise. Furthermore, the local adaptive coefficients of every filter are more effective in removing noise and preserving image edges. Extensive experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
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Siarka, Pawel. „Global Portfolio Credit Risk Management: The US Banks Post-Crisis Challenge“. Mathematics 9, Nr. 5 (06.03.2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9050562.
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This paper addresses the problem of modeling credit risk for multi-product and global loan portfolios. The authors presented an improved version of the Basel Committee’s one-factor model for capital requirements calculation. They examined whether latent market factors corresponding to distinct portfolios are always highly correlated within the global portfolio and how this correlation impacts total losses distribution function. Historical losses of top-tier banks (JPMorgan Chace, Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, US Bancorp) were analyzed. Furthermore, the estimation of the correlations between latent market factors was conducted, and its impact on the total loss distribution function was assessed. The research was performed based on consolidated financial statements for holding companies - FR Y-9C reports provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. To verify the improved model, the authors analyzed two distinct loan portfolios for each bank, i.e., credit cards and commercial and industrial loans. They showed that the correlation between latent market factors could be significantly lower than one and disregarding this conclusion may lead to overestimating total unexpected losses. Hence, capital requirements calculated according to the IRB (Internal Ratings Based Approach) formula as a sum of individual VaR999 estimates may be biased. According to this finding, the enhanced one-factor model seems to be more accurate while calculating unexpected total loss for global portfolios. The authors proved that the active credit risk management process aiming to lower market factors’ correlation results in less volatile total losses. Therefore, financial institutions could be more resistant to macroeconomic downturns.
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Sharif, Haroon. „Structural Issues and Reforms in Financial (non-bank) Market in Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 41, Nr. 4II (01.12.2002): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v41i4iipp.915-928.
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A large body of research now links financial sector development, including the depth of the banking system, liquidity in capital market, and financial liberalisation to long-run growth and poverty reduction. According to a recent World Bank report,1 “As the dust settles from the great financial crises of 1997-98, the potentially disastrous consequences of weak financial markets are apparent”. The report further states that the importance of getting financial policy making right has become one of the most critical development issues in this century. In the past, there have been two extreme approaches concerning financial market regulation. One clearly supports the central role of state in the financial markets, whereas, the other sees state intervention more of a problem than as the solution. Of these two rather diverging ideologies, the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) advocate the development of market institutions, more liberalisation and lesser role of state. Pakistan has been following IFI advice in this regard. However, after the East Asian Crisis, a strong point of view has emerged that believes that in developing countries, ruling out state’s role from financial markets is unrealistic. But, the state has to play a developmental role. According to Stiglitz (1991), “governments have played a central role—whether good or ill may be debated—in the development of most of those countries which today belong among the more developed”.
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Monticelli, Jefferson Marlon, Ivan Lapuente Garrido, Marcelo Curth, Luciana Marques Vieira und Fábio Dal-Soto. „Institutional dysmorphia: when the institutions become ill“. International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, Nr. 3 (16.07.2018): 478–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-03-2016-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of SOEs on institutions. The authors argue that in some cases there are differences in institutional shape between the shape that is actually demanded by an institution’s institutional environment and the shape that the institution itself believes is demanded of its institutional framework. The authors observed a behavior specific to institutions that change their institutional shape in response to demands, irrespective of whether these demands are legitimate, and this behavior was primarily in response to demands from governments and SOEs. The authors call this situation institutional dysmorphia and contrast it with institutional isomorphism. Design/methodology/approach This study is characterized by the qualitative approach and descriptive form. It is also a documentary study employing the systematic review technique and critical appreciation in a research group. The case of the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES) is analyzed to examine the different relationships between Brazilian SOEs and BNDES. It used secondary data provided by reports, papers and relevant magazines. The authors compare them with the conceptual purpose originated in the Medicine field. Findings The study is illustrated by the case of the BNDES and the various different relationships between Brazilian SOEs and BNDES are examined. This is a qualitative and descriptive documentary study, employing the systematic review technique. Specific behavior is observed in institutions that change their institutional shape in response to demands, irrespective of whether these demands are legitimate, and these demands mainly come from the government and from SOEs. Research limitations/implications The authors use of secondary data from only one country that was used to present these arguments. The focus was restricted to the institutional framework comprising one institution and SOEs. Private firms were not considered in this institutional framework, but they must be included in a macro-environment. Institutional pressures are dynamic and asymmetric. The dynamism of institutional change was not evaluated, and neither was the evolution of the relationships between government, SOEs and institutions. Finally, researchers need to understand not only top-down models of institutional effects but also the institutional process that incorporates both institutional influence and firm responses. Originality/value The term institutional dysmorphia is proposed through the contrast with concepts such institutional isomorphism, with reference to the institutional logics and institutional complexity of these institutions’ and SOEs’ environment. The situation described institutional dysmorphia happening in emerging countries context and might open new avenues for research.
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Willard, Thomas. „D. Vance Smith, Arts of Dying, Literature and Finitude in Medieval England. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2020, 10, 299 pp., 2 b&w ill.“ Mediaevistik 34, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.18.
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D. Vance Smith’s new book is an unusual one in several ways. The Acknowledgments, often placed first in academic books, are relegated to a position between the last chapter and the end notes. Meanwhile, the Preface acknowledges that the author’s chief debts are to the psychologist and psychiatrist who, along with his wife, kept him alive as he struggled with the medieval poems about death. For Smith was also struggling with his own undiagnosed bipolar disorder, which “nearly brought me [i.e., him] to an end.” The licensed psychologist he saw regularly is the person to whom he dedicates the book; he likens her to Reason in the medieval French Roman de la Rose. Writing shortly after the suicide of a prominent Princeton economist, he reflects on the “stigma” of seeking help in one’s workplace and on the irony, captured in words he quotes from William Langland’s paraphrase of Augustine’s Confessions, that many people know much about other things who know little about themselves (ix, x)
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Henderson, Stephen E., und Dean A. Strang. „Behind Bartkus“. New Criminal Law Review 24, Nr. 4 (2021): 498–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2021.24.4.498.
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A young defense attorney earns his client, charged in federal court with bank robbery, a jury acquittal. (It’s the attorney’s first.) One would expect the impartial judge to thank the jury for its service. Instead, this one harangues both jury and defense attorney (“entailing changes in his complexion from red to purple to dead white”), publicly rails against the verdict, attempts to bar the jurors from future service, refuses to release the defendant, and successfully prods prosecutors to bring a duplicative state prosecution that would end in conviction for the same crime. To anyone who respects the rule of law—or at the very least to anyone who respects the American jury—this should be deeply troubling. Yet when it took place in a Chicago federal courtroom in December 1953, state prosecutors leapt at the federal judge’s call. And when the appeal of the duplicative state prosecution reached the United States Supreme Court, the defendant lost 5-4. Criminal practitioners know that result as Bartkus v. Illinois, 359 U.S. 121 (1959), a rule of double-jeopardy “dual sovereignty” that the Court reaffirmed in 2019. But next to nobody appreciates how it began in that Chicago federal courtroom. That history comes to life in the unpublished notes of the remarkable defense lawyer. It is a story that underscores just how wrongheaded is the legal rule, and that makes vivid the abuse of judicial power.
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Ferrers, Tony. „An Australian Court on Confidentiality: Getting the Bank to Tell“. Intertax 28, Issue 2 (01.02.2000): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/262074.
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One of the great attractions of dealing in offshore financial centres is the matter of confidentiality. Many people, especially if they are high-wealth individuals, do not want others peering into their financial affairs and structures. They require privacy. This is particularly so if the would-be inquirer is the individual's Commissioner of Taxation. Fast communications and jet travel have made the world smaller, resulting in business being transacted worldwide by people who are constantly on the move in the conduct of their business. To achieve the best bottom-line results for their business and for themselves personally, it is commonplace for international structures to be put in place to minimize the tax burden. This is the province of international tax experts. They look to find where their clients will have a safe haven, where the taxpayers will enjoy low taxation and privacy about their finances. All this is perfectly reasonable and the inevitable result of high-tax countries. However, there is a dark side. Around the world crime is flourishing. This may involve theft in the simple form of robbing a bank or other financial institution (like the Great Train Robbery in England) or in the form of expropriation by a tyrannical leader of a country, who, through his position as head of state, milks that country's economy and spirits away the funds into secret bank accounts. There are many types of theft between these two extremes. But in all cases the perpetrator has to be able to launder his ill-gotten gains so that what has happened is hidden from the outside world and from those trying to follow the money trail. Banking confidentiality is a blessing to these thieves; it throws a cloak over what they have done. This is still true today, even when so many institutions are practising due diligence.
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Tripathy, Swagata, Asha P. Shetty, Upendra Hansda, Nanda Kumar P, Alok Kumar Sahoo, Mahalingam V, Sujata Mahapatra et al. „AIIMS ICU Rehabilitation (AIR): development and description of intervention for home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients“. Wellcome Open Research 8 (26.03.2024): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19340.2.
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Background The paucity of state-supported rehabilitation for chronically ill patients with long-term tracheostomies has ramifications of prolonged hospital-stay, increased burden on acute-care resources, and nosocomial infections. Few interventions describe home rehabilitation of adult tracheostomized patients. Almost none involve stakeholders. This paper describes the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) ICU rehabilitation (AIR) healthcare intervention developed to facilitate home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients. Methods The AIR intervention development was based on the experience-based codesign theory (EBCD). A core research-committee studied prevalent knowledge and gaps in the area. Patients-carer and health-care stakeholders’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to home care resulted in an intervention with interlinked components: family-carer training, equipment bank, m-health application, and follow-up, guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. Healthcare stakeholders (doctors, nurses, medical equipment vendors) and patient-carer dyads were engaged to gather experiences at various stages to form smaller codesign teams for each component. Multiple codesign meetings iteratively allowed refinement of the intervention over one year. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was used to report the AIR intervention. Results The first component comprised a minimum of three bedside hands-on training sessions for carers relating to tracheostomy suction, catheter care, monitoring oxygenation, enteral feeding, skincare, and physiotherapy, buttressed by pictorial-books and videos embedded in a mobile-application. The second was an equipment-bank involving a rental-retrieval model. The third component was a novel m-health tool for two-way communication with the core group and community of other patient-carers in the project for follow-up and troubleshooting. Home visits on days 7 and 21 post-discharge assessed patient hygiene, nutrition, physiotherapy, and established contact with the nearest primary healthcare facility for the future. Conclusions Findings support the EBCD-based development using active feedback from stakeholders. Assessment of feasibility, process and effectiveness evaluation will follow.
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Botos, Katalin. „What Can Posterity Learn from Irving Fisher?“ Financial and Economic Review 21, Nr. 2 (2022): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.2.175.
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This essay draws attention to some of the important aspects of, and learnings from, Irving Fisher’s work. Fisher was the first economist to subject big volumes of data to analysis. He was one of the founders and first president of the Econometric Society. His name is associated with the quantity theory of money. He researched the purchasing power of money, index numbers, created the so-called Fisher index, wrote about the theory of interest rates, economic cycles, dwelled upon debt deflation and the theory of the Great Depression. He was one of the first advocates of abandoning the gold standard. He also drew attention to the psychological motives of the behaviours of economic actors, so the theories of Thalerian behavioural economics can regard him as their predecessor. His insight was used in managing the financial crisis of 2008. The steps towards reforming bank regulation can specifically be regarded as such measures, while Modern Monetary Theory stretched back as far as his thoughts on the regulation of the creation of money, i.e. the Chicago plan.
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Risberg, Lotta, und Anders Granström. „Seed dynamics of two fire-dependent Geranium species in the boreal forest of southeastern Sweden“. Botany 90, Nr. 9 (September 2012): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-045.
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We analyzed critical life-history variables for two rare fire-dependent annual Geranium species in southern Sweden, which are today threatened because of effective fire suppression. At recently burned sites with abundant recruitment, seedlings occurred only where the humus layer had been completely removed by smoldering fire. Emergence depths ranged 1–6 cm in the mineral soil. Soil sampling at four sites revealed that in unburned soil Geranium seeds were located only in the mineral soil. Surprisingly, residual seeds were still present where fire had burned away the humus layer. An experiment showed that both species deposit seeds relatively evenly within a radius of 5–6 m, through ballistic dispersal. Repeated sampling in the field over a 2-year period after seed dispersal at one site indicated a low rate of seed depletion, corroborated by an indoor incubation of seeds. Our results show that successful management of these species depend on deep-burning prescribed fire, which can only result after severe drought. On the other hand, the seed bank is extremely long-lived, as viable seeds were present at a site last burned 200 years ago. This well-protected seed bank will likely buffer against both ill-timed fires and occasional failure in the recruiting seedling populations.
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Tripathy, Swagata, Asha P. Shetty, Upendra Hansda, Nanda Kumar P, Alok Kumar Sahoo, Mahalingam V, Sujata Mahapatra et al. „AIIMS ICU Rehabilitation (AIR): development and description of intervention for home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients using the TIDieR checklist“. Wellcome Open Research 8 (30.06.2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19340.1.
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Background: The paucity of state-supported rehabilitation for chronically ill patients with long-term tracheostomies has ramifications of prolonged hospital-stay, increased burden on acute-care resources, and nosocomial infections. Few interventions describe home rehabilitation of adult tracheostomized patients. Almost none involve stakeholders. This paper describes the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) ICU rehabilitation (AIR) healthcare intervention developed to facilitate home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients. Methods: The AIR intervention was developed in six stages using the experience-based codesign theory (EBCD). A core research-committee studied prevalent knowledge and gaps in the area. Patients-carer and health-care stakeholders’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to home care resulted in an intervention with interlinked components: family-carer training, equipment bank, m-health application, and follow-up, guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. Healthcare stakeholders (doctors, nurses, medical equipment vendors) and patient-carer dyads were engaged to gather experiences at various stages to form smaller codesign teams for each component. Multiple codesign meetings iteratively allowed refinement of the intervention over one year. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was used to report the AIR intervention. Results: The first component comprised a minimum of three bedside hands-on training sessions for carers relating to tracheostomy suction, catheter care, monitoring oxygenation, enteral feeding, skincare, and physiotherapy, buttressed by pictorial-books and videos embedded in a mobile-application. The second was an equipment-bank involving a rental-retrieval model. The third component was a novel m-health tool for two-way communication with the core group and community of other patient-carers in the project for follow-up and troubleshooting. Home visits on days 7 and 21 post-discharge assessed patient hygiene, nutrition, physiotherapy, and established contact with the nearest primary healthcare facility for the future. Conclusions: Findings support the EBCD-based development using active feedback from stakeholders. Assessment of feasibility, process and effectiveness evaluation will follow.
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G., Vasanth, Surendrakumar P., Catherine P. und Venu G. „A study of factors determining outcome of acute kidney injury patients requiring hemodialysis“. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, Nr. 9 (25.08.2018): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183389.
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Background: High mortality rate in acute kidney injury (AKI) has interested many authors to conduct studies about factors predicting its outcome. The need for both dialysis and ICU care defines a group of critically ill patients who may have poor prognosis and consume vast amounts of resources. In this study we determine the variables predicting the outcome of patients with severe acute kidney failure requiring haemodialysis and to ascertain the aetiology of acute kidney injury in this group.Methods: We prospectively analysed 114 patients admitted with severe renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy over a period of one year. The influence of various factors such as demographic variables, pre morbidities, details of admission, clinical presentation and extent of organ dysfunction on the clinical outcome such as mortality and progression to end stage kidney disease were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 12 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill).Results: Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that parameters such as chronic liver disease, preexisting heart disease, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor requirement, oliguria, sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome, cardiogenic shock and admission in ICU were associated with high mortality (p<0.05). Of the 114 patients, 49 died (42.98%), 61 (53.5%) were dialysis independent and 4 patients (3.5%) progressed to end stage renal disease (ESRD).Conclusions: AKI patients requiring hemodialysis were associated with high hospital mortality. Patients who were diagnosed to have acute glomerulonephritis especially rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis as the cause of AKI were more prone to ESRD. Most survivors were dialysis independent at the time of discharge.
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Edzie, Emmanuel Kobina Mesi, Klenam Dzefi-Tettey, Philip Narteh Gorleku, Adu Tutu Amankwa, Eric Aidoo, Kwasi Agyen-Mensah, Ewurama Andam Idun et al. „Evaluation of the Clinical and Imaging Findings of Breast Examinations in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana“. International Journal of Breast Cancer 2021 (19.07.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5541230.
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Breast diseases have been one of the major battles the world has been fighting. In winning this fight, the role of medical imaging cannot be overlooked. Breast imaging reveals hidden lesions which aid physicians to give the appropriate diagnosis and definitive treatment, hence this study, to determine the clinical and imaging findings of breast examinations to document the radiologic features in our setting. This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed the sociodemographics, imaging reports (mammography and ultrasonography with BI-RADS scores and their features), and the clinical data of 425 patients from September 2017 to September 2020 in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. 72 solid lesions with their histology reports were also reviewed. Data obtained were organized, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20.0. The results obtained were presented in appropriate tables and charts. A chi-squared test was employed for associations and statistical significance was specified at p ≤ 0.05 . 63.29% of the patients were married, but only 18.59% had a positive family history of breast cancer. BI-RADS scores 1(57.46%) and 2(27.99%) were the most recurrent findings. The most common BI-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 imaging features were benign-looking axillary lymph nodes (66.33%), well-defined solid masses (61.54%), ill-defined solid masses (42.86%), and ill-defined solid masses with suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes (100.00%), respectively. The most frequent indications were routine screening (49.18%), mastalgia (26.59%), and painless breast masses (19.77%). There was significant association between duration of symptoms and breast cancer ( p value = 0.007 ). In conclusion, routine breast screening and mastalgia were the topmost indications for breast imaging. BI-RADS 1 and 2 were the commonest BI-RADS scores, and benign-looking axillary lymph nodes and simple cysts were the most frequent imaging features for BI-RADS 2 and ill-defined solid masses and suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes for BI-RADS 4 and 5.
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Cardoso, G., C. Pacheco und J. Caldas-de-Almeida. „Quality of care in longer term mental health institutions in Portugal“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73851-2.
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IntroductionDeinstitutionalisation of the mentally ill is an ongoing process in European countries. Quality of care in residential facilities, however, was seldom assessed in part due to the lack of adequate instruments.ObjectivesTo assess the quality of care in Portuguese residential facilities for long term mental patients.MethodsQuality of care in residential facilities was assessed with the toolkit developed by the DEMoBinc study using interviews with the units’ managers, and the users.ResultsThe 20 units assessed across Portugal were mainly located in the city; 13 were in a hospital setting and 7 in the community. Most of the units (90%) had no maximum length of stay, and 60% were mixed-gender; 85% of the users were not compulsory. Most of the units (60%) had no one-bedrooms, and their aim was rehabilitative in 40%, and rehabilitative plus providing support in 40%. The rate of patients with a bank account was 49.4%, 32.4% were in charge of their finances, while only 14.1% had voted.In hospital vs. community units patients were more frequently men (80.5 vs. 53.8%) and older (51.1 ± 13.7 vs. 43.3 ± 9.6, p < .001). In community units the treatment was more frequently explained (50 vs. 26.3%), patients’ involvement was higher (40.4 vs. 19.5%), while mean GAF scores (64.9 vs. 60.2) did not differ.ConclusionsPortuguese results show that in spite of the effort to create new facilities for the longer term mentally ill, a lot still has to be done to improve the quality of care they provide.
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Nikova, Alexandrina, Penelope Vlotinou, Michael Karanikas, Тheofilos Tsoleridis, Emmanuil Bakalinis, Vasilios Tselepidis und Konstantinos Ntatsis. „Which is the Prognostic Value of the Mini Mental State Examination Test in Surgical Oncology?“ Folia Medica 63, Nr. 2 (30.04.2021): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.63.e53840.
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Introduction: Cancer patients are usually subjected to numerous surgeries during their course of treatment. Recent studies suggest that anesthetic drugs such as propofol, benzodiazepines, and opioids are linked to cognitive impairment. Aim: The aim of the study was to show and compare the cognitive function of oncology patients who have undergone surgery and have been sedated with propofol, fentanyl and benzodiazepines. Materials and methods: In order to determine whether the cognition of oncological patients is being impaired, a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test was obtained 6 to 24 hours pre- and postoperatively for the duration of one month from 8 eligible oncological patients and 7 non-oncological ones. Afterwards, the data were statistically processed with SPSS version 25.0 (Chicago, Ill. the USA). Results: The analysis shows that there is statistically significant difference in the preoperative MMSE scores between oncological and non-oncological patients. Conclusions: Oncological patients compound a sensitive group for cognitive dysfunction, and indeed, MMSE test could be useful for cognitive evaluation. The present sample, however, is small, and the results could not be generalized. Therefore a more extensive study is needed.
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Kovalev, Sergey A., Iu M. Chubirko, V. A. Verikovsky, V. E. Malikov, M. A. Arzumanyan und G. V. Sukoyan. „DECREASED REDOX-POTENTIAL AND HYPERPRODUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE ANION IN BLOOD PREDICTS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AFTER DIRECT SURGICAL MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION“. Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 25, Nr. 1 (15.02.2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2019-25-1-16-21.
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The aim of investigation was the evaluation of prognostic value of redox-potential decreasing and hyperproduction of superoxide anion in plasma with or without of total pool of pyridine nucleotides decreasing in the in-hospital complications after direct surgical myocardial revascularization. 303 patients (248 male and 48 female), mean age 58,6±6,8 years with diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and sinus rhythm without marked left ventricular dysfunction which undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery were included in the multicentral prospective study. European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroScore) and the incidence rates of post-procedural ischemic stroke CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score were calculated. Total pyridine nucleotide pool, redox-potential, hyperproduction of superoxide anion and activity of NADPH-oxidase in blood plasma were determinate before and one year after cardiac surgery. For statistical analysis the SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Ill) was used, all variables are expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD). The maximum of appearance of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) developed in 34% patients after 1-2 days from cardiac surgery. In the cohort of patients with POAF complicated with decease of redox-potential NAD/NADH by 23% (р
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Rowley, Alison. „An Ephemeral Look at Russian Anarchist Life in the United States“. Slavonic and East European Review 102, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.00003.
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Abstract: In September 1915, San Francisco resident Ernest Kundy received a picture postcard from an unnamed correspondent. Produced by the Anarchist Red Cross of Detroit, the postcard featured a depiction of the Bloody Sunday massacre which sparked Russia’s 1905 revolution and served as one of the most important episodes in the history of revolutionary martyrdom. By examining every aspect of the postcard this article reveals, layer by layer, its connections to Russian anarchist life in the United States. The article begins by analysing the image on the front, explaining how illustrations like the one in question by Fortunino Matania were turned into widely disseminated postcards that spread revolutionary messages well beyond Russian borders. Turning to the information on the back, the article next explores the history of the Anarchist Red Cross in the US and the role that it played in keeping anarchism alive for recent immigrants from Russia. Then the links between the sender’s handwritten message and an area of Chicago that features prominently in histories of immigrant life, the settlement movement and the US labour movement — Halsted Street — are considered. Finally, the connections between the recipient’s family and a 1915 bank robbery in California serve as a window into the history of Russian anarchist circles on the American West Coast.
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Nicholas, Alex, Farjana Zaman und Jimi Francis. „Human Donor Milk Bank Variations of Macronutrients and Implications for Fragile Infants“. Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (Juni 2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.080.
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Abstract Objectives Human milk is known to be the best source of nutrients for human infants. When a mother's own milk is not available donor human milk is an alternative. Donor human milk (DHM) is categorized by caloric quantity, typically 20 calories per ounce and 24 calories per ounce. The DHM is prepared for distribution in Lots. The range of macronutrient content within and between Lots is unknown. This study analyzed multiple Lots from one milk bank for macronutrient content to evaluate the range of macronutrient and energy content within and between Lot samples. Methods Frozen DHM at its expiration date for infant consumption was collected from a local hospital neonatal intensive care unit. Samples were collected at random from each Lot of either 20 kcal/ounce and 24 kcal/ounce. Each bottle was thawed, inverted 5 times, and 3 5-ml aliquots were removed from each bottle. Each aliquot was labeled and then the triplicate samples were analyzed using a MIRIS human milk analyzer with a Standard milk sample used as calibration after every 10th sample analyzed. Comparisons between bank-labeled macronutrient and energy content for each sample was evaluated for differences with two-sided P values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Highly statistically significant differences were found within and between Lots of the DHM. Protein content differed in 58% of the samples from the protein content listed on the label protein content by more than .03 g/dl. The energy content differed from the label in 72% of the samples with an average difference of more than 3 units. Conclusions The differences found between and within the Lots may pose a challenge for consistency of calorie intake in infants receiving only DHM if the energy content is assumed based on the labeling DHM. Due to the differences found in this analysis, the nutrient intake may not meet the needs of an ill or fragile infants being fed from certain Lots of DHM. Samples of DHM being fed to high-risk infants should be regularly evaluated for macronutrient content to ensure adequacy of the feeds. Funding Sources The Foundation for Maternal, Infant, and Lactation Knowledge provided student scholarship support for this study.
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Mabiaku TO, Mabiaku YO, Yovwin DG und Anyanwu EB. „Severe anaemia in a young man due to frequent blood donation for sale/money: A common occurrence locally in most privately owned laboratories“. International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 4, Nr. 1 (30.07.2022): 018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2022.4.1.0043.
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Blood donation is globally encouraged from the public for the use of ill patients who might need blood transfusion. Many laboratories do urge people to donate blood willingly. The donors are usually checked properly and are screened for some notable blood borne diseases and the blood level of these potential donors is checked to ensure that the donor is capable of donating blood. For regular donors, the last dates that they donated are checked just to be sure that the interval is not too close. But what happens when the donor is a “commercial donor” who donates blood for monetary gains and usually gets the protocol broken for him. The planned periodic interval between donations is usually not followed and he is allowed to donate. He is paid off, and the blood bank then sells these blood for monetary gains. He goes from one laboratory to another and is allowed to donate blood for money. This went on until one day he presented to a hospital with a complain of a tingling/ ringing sensation in his head and laboratory findings revealed that he was Anaemic apparently from the unsupervised frequent blood donations. And only then did he tell his story.
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Berg, Stephanie, Seo-Hyun Kim, Sonam Patel, Priya Rajakumar, Elizabeth Jane Elliott, Candice Schwartz, James Coggan et al. „Real World Outcomes of Sars-Cov-2 Thrombosis Rates across Three University Health Systems in the Chicago Metropolitan Area“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-135929.
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Introduction: Initial studies from Wuhan, China reported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have uncontrolled coagulopathy and an increased risk for thrombotic complications, including pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and arterial thrombosis.1 The incidence of thrombosis attributed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 9.5% in all hospital-admitted patients to 31% in the critically ill.2,3 COVID-19 has had a major impact on the Chicago metropolitan area with over 121,000 confirmed cases as of August 2020, Cook county being the 4th highest affected county after Maricopa, Miami-Dade and Los Angeles counties.4 The primary goal of this study is to describe the rate of thrombotic events in the Chicago metropolitan area, highlighting an ethnically diverse population, and identify new risk factors for thrombosis between three university health systems. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis between three university health systems in the Chicago metropolitan area: Loyola University Health System (LUHS): comprised of one tertiary and two community hospitals, Rush University System for Health (RUSH): comprised of one tertiary and two community hospitals, and University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC): a tertiary hospital. All patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 testing and were hospitalized for COVID-19. PE, DVT or arterial thrombosis were confirmed by supportive imaging modalities. Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to test the associations of continuous variables; Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to test the associations of categorical variables. All analyses were performed with SAS 9.4 and two-sided p-value < .05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: Between March and May 2020, 2,180 patients from LUHS, RUSH and UIC were hospitalized for COVID-19 and were included in our analysis. Baseline patient demographics are described in Table 1. Race/ethnicity demographics are as follows: Hispanics (H)/ African Americans (AA) represented 47%/17% of LUHS patients, 32%/42% of RUSH patients, and 36%/51% of UIC patients, respectively (Figure 1). Intensive care admissions were needed in 33% of all patients. Documented total thrombotic events are as follows: LUHS = 5.4% (41 VTE/PE, 10 arterial and 5 with both venous and arterial); RUSH = 9.7% (70 VTE/PE, 7 arterial and 4 with both venous/arterial); UIC = 6% (14 VTE/PE, 4 arterial and 0 with both venous/arterial). Patients that developed a thrombotic event were similar by age, sex, and BMI to those without a thrombotic event. Anticoagulation prophylaxis was given to 82% of pts at LUHS and UIC at time of admission. Collectively, those with thrombotic events (N=156) had higher incidence of intensive care admission, elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and a d-dimer >5X upper limit normal (ULN) at presentation. Furthermore, a higher proportion of pts that had a thrombotic event were diabetic at LUHS and RUSH (Table 2). Mortality in COVID-19 patients was 13-16% and patients that had a thrombotic event had a higher risk of death in the RUSH and UIC cohorts. Conclusions: In a racially diverse, multi-institutional cohort of patients, we demonstrate that 7.2% of COVID-19 patients had a thrombotic event. Consistent risk factors for thrombosis across the different centers included an initial d-dimer levels >5X ULN, elevated initial WBC count, diabetes, and being critically ill. Mortality differences and anticoagulation practices between the institutions as well as race/ethnicity differences regarding thrombosis will be explored in future combined multivariate analyses. Finally, based off these risk factors, identification of patients at most risk for thrombosis is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality when diagnosed with COVID-19. References -Tang et. al. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:844-847. -Klock et. Al. Thrombosis Research 2020;191:145-147. -Al-Samkari H, Laef RS, Dzik WH et. Al. COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood. 2020;136(4):489-500. -https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/county-map.html; accessed 8/7/20. Disclosures Arain: Astellas: Other: Spouse is employed. Stiff:Macrogenics: Research Funding; Delta-Fly: Research Funding; Unum: Research Funding; Atara: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Gamida Cell: Research Funding. Saraf:Novartis, Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Advisory Boards, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer, Global Blood Therapeutics, Novartis: Research Funding.
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Simon, Georgia Rosemarie, Erhua (Iris) Zhou und Gideon Sagoe. „An Empirical Analysis of Predictor Influence Mechanisms of HRM Practices and Corporate Sustainability on Employee Engagement: A mediation Analysis“. International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, Nr. 2 (04.04.2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.12811.
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The unquestionable benefits of employee engagement and the ill-effects of disengagement (EE) have necessitated further investigation within the field of human resource management and the wider organizational studies domain. This study sought to measure the perception of employees at a Commercial Bank in Jamaica, on how various practices in the organization, such as human resource management practices (HRMPs), the ethical climate (OEC), and corporate sustainability (CS) affected their engagement. Based on the responses of 130 employees who responded to a self-administered questionnaire hosted online, it was shown quantitatively that employee tenure in an organization affects their engagement, as employees with less than one year, and more than ten years of service with the organization were more engaged. Also, the results indicated that both HRMPs and initiatives and strategies on CS had influence on employees’ behaviour and subsequently their engagement and the predictor effects were enhanced by the mediation effect of OEC. These findings are relevant to practice as well as provide elucidation on the specific mechanisms that influence the relationship between HRMPs and EE, as well as contributing to sparse literature on EE in a Caribbean context.
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BAYER, Ertuğrul, Ramazan ERDEM, Dilruba İZGÜDEN, Mehmet CENGİZ und Abdil LORCU. „A Pattern of Social Support for Pandemics and Crisis Periods: Vefa Social Support Groups; Türkiye-Isparta Province Example“. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, Nr. 4 (28.12.2022): 1129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1225892.
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In order to prevent the spread of the disease in the Covid-19 pandemic, various restrictions such as curfew, partial shutdowns, or full shutdowns have been taken. These restrictions have also brought to light the importance of social assistance and solidarity. Within the framework of the study, the purpose, structure, and operation of the social support model developed in Türkiye were established to avoid the victimization of individuals who were unable to take the streets and who had no one to help them address their needs. In order to meet the basic needs of citizens aged 65 and older and chronically ill during the pandemic process, Vefa Social Support Groups (VSSG) were formed throughout Türkiye and various demands of a quarter of Türkiye's population were met. While the application in various provinces has been terminated, the VSSG, which continues its activities in the province of Isparta, has been discussed in-depth in the study. It has been observed that Isparta Vefa Social Support Groups (IVSSG) fulfills the demands of citizens in seven different items such as bank transactions, billing transactions, food-market shopping, salary check, drug supply, permission request and other (dress-up and fuel assistance requests, etc.).
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Koontz, Curt S., K. Kye Higdon, Troy L. Ploger, Benjamin W. Dart, Charles M. Richart und Robert A. Maxwell. „Glucocorticoid Rescue for Late-Phase Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Trauma/Surgical Critical Care Patients“. American Surgeon 72, Nr. 7 (Juli 2006): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200715.
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High-dose glucocorticoid therapy (GCT) for the late fibroproliferative phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is controversial and has shown mixed results in medical patients. No studies have evaluated GCT in trauma/surgical critical care patients. The purpose of this study is to review the outcomes of trauma/surgical critical care patients with refractory ARDS treated with GCT. From January 2001 through September 2005, a pharmacy log was used to identify critically ill trauma/surgical patients in refractory ARDS (7 males and 2 females) who received GCT in an attempt to salvage them. GCT consisted of 200 mg intravenous methylprednisolone bolus for one dose and then 3 mg/kg per day divided every 6 hours for 6 weeks or until weaned off the ventilator. All patients as well as the survivors were analyzed. Outcome data was analyzed with SPSS (Chicago, IL) and the paired sample test. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation. The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective chart review. Seven patients (6 males and 1 female; age, 31 ± 16 years) survived (78%), weaned off of the ventilator, and were discharged from the hospital. The 2 deaths were secondary to refractory respiratory failure as well as cardiac arrest (n = 1) and anoxic brain injury from septic hypotension (n = 1). In survivors (n = 7), hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit LOS was 71 ± 30 days and 53 ± 16 days, respectively. Duration of GCT administration was 17 ± 6.4 days (range, 11–30 days). Ventilator time before GCT, during GCT, and after GCT was 22 ± 8.4, 15 ± 7.5, and 1.6 ± 6.0 days, respectively. During GCT, 8 patients developed pneumonia, 5 had urinary tract infection, and 3 had bacteremia. All infections were effectively treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, except in one patient who died of sepsis. PaO2/FIO2 ratio just before and after GCT was 100 ± 36 and 247 ± 56, respectively (n = 7; P < 0.001). Sequential organ failure assessment score just before and after GCT was 9.1 ± 2.3 and 5.0 ± 1.6, respectively (n = 7; P < 0.001). GCT rescue may have a role in salvaging critically ill trauma/surgical critical care patients in late-stage ARDS. More patients, however, need to be studied.
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Siarka, Pawel. „Modeling Recoveries of US Leading Banks Based on Publicly Disclosed Data“. Mathematics 9, Nr. 2 (19.01.2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020188.
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The credit risk management process is a critical element that allows financial institutions to withstand economic downturns. Unlike the methods regarding the probability of default, which have been deeply addressed after the financial crisis in 2008, recovery rate models still need further development. As there are no industry standards, leading banks are modeling recovery rates using internal models developed with different assumptions. Therefore, the outcomes are often incomparable and may lead to confusion. The author presents the concept of a unified recovery rate analysis for US banks. He uses data derived from FR Y-9C reports disclosed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Based on the historical recoveries and credit portfolio book values, the author examines the distribution function of recoveries. The research refers to a credit card portfolio and covers nine leading US banks. The author leveraged Vasicek’s one-factor model with the asset correlation parameter and implemented it for recovery rate analysis. This experiment revealed that the estimated latent correlation ranges from 0.2% to 1.5% within the examined portfolios. They are large enough to impact the recovery rate volatility and cannot be treated as negligible. It was shown that the presented method could be applied under US Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review exercise.
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Meera, Ahmad Kameel Mydin. „Cryptocurrencies From Islamic Perspectives: The Case Of Bitcoin“. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 20, Nr. 4 (30.04.2018): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v20i4.902.
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Cryptocurrencies’ popularity has surged during the last few years. This isespecially the case of bitcoin, one among cryptocurrencies which price has soaredfrom USD1,000 in the first quarter of 2017 to USD20,000 by the end of 2017. Ithas now being used by merchants as a medium of exchange. Upon realizing itspopularity, the CME Group that owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange launcheda futures contract on bitcoin. Yet, there are cases where bitcoin is banned bythe country. This article examines the implication of bitcoin on Islamic financeand questions its acceptance as a medium of exchange (money) based on itscompliancy with shari’ah. By analyzing its nature and characteristics, the paperconcludes that, strictly speaking, cryptocurrencies that are not backed with realassets are not shari’ah-compliant. However, the majority of shari’ah scholarsare leaning towards approving bitcoin on maslahah basis. Bitcoin is neither fiatmoney nor real money. The absence of an intrinsic value coupled with lack orzero supervision by the central bank will result in misusing bitcoin. Furthermore,we content that it has the elements of maysir and gharar. This can contributetowards socio-economic injustices, thereby jeopardizing the maqasid al-shari’ah.Hence, based on a thorough analysis, we conclude that fiat cryptocurrencies arenot shari’ah compliant. However, gold-backed cryptocurrencies are argued to bedesirable and consistent with the maqasid al shari’ah.
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Kohut, Robert I., Raul Hinojosa und Joseph A. Budetti. „Perilymphatic Fistula: A Histopathologic Study“. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 95, Nr. 5 (September 1986): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948609500506.
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Over the last two decades, clinical criteria for perilymphatic fistulae have been defined to the extent that differentiation can be made between such fistulae and other balance-affecting disorders such as Meniere's syndrome. On the assumption that the specimens in the temporal bone bank of the University of Chicago Medical School that had been obtained from patients having vertigo, hearing loss, or both, before those clinical criteria were so defined might have been classified incorrectly, we proposed a retrospective histopathologic study, with prediction of two independent variables: 1) a clinical history and physical findings consistent with the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula and 2) communication between the vestibule and the middle ear adjacent to or via the fissula ante fenestram. Eleven pairs of temporal bones with the histologic diagnosis of idiopathic labyrinthine hydrops were evaluated before the clinical histories relevant to those specimens were reviewed. In one specimen, a communication between the vestibule and the middle ear space was identified. In none of the other specimens was there a similar communication. As this study continued, significance was given to the histologic details of the communication between the middle ear and posterior canal ampulla. The temporal bones without these communications did not have clinical histories consistent with the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula.
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Miljković, Nemanja, Mladen Milićević, Svetlana Ristić, Darko Popović und Vanja Alendar. „Kula Belgrade: Part 1: Specific topics of structural design“. Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 64, Nr. 4 (2021): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2104269m.
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Kula Belgrade is the tallest building within Belgrade Waterfront project, located at the right bank of the Sava river. It is envisaged as the future landmark of Belgrade and pivotal point of Belgrade Waterfront development. It consists of 168m high - 42 storey tower, podium and eccentric basement. It is one of the rare towers in the world in which the bottom and the top parts are mutually rotated by 90° in plan and where such transition is achieved through 7 floors. Such configuration imposed significant demands to structure. The paper addresses design of structure, which has been divided in two stages - piles and structure above the piles. Former was provided by SOM company from Chicago, USA; latter by AECOM company from UAE, both as per American International Building Code. DNEC company from Belgrade was a member of Joint Venture of local companies in charge for nostrification of design and permitting process. Check of design was conducted per Eurocodes. During the construction stage, DNEC was in role of Engineer but was also actively involved in structural value engineering process in which the composite structural members (reinforced concrete with embedded steel) of transition zone were converted to reinforced concrete or post-tensioned members. Link beams of main core that comprised embedded steel plates were redesigned as RC beams, but due to the openings in web their adequacy was checked by non-linear analysis in Abaqus software.
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Azhdari Mamaghani, Hadi, Faranak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Alehe Seyedrasooli, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Rahim Badri Gargari, Vahid Zamanzadeh und Vahdat Zanboori. „Effect of Empowerment Program with and without Telenursing on Self-efficacy and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Index of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial“. Journal of Caring Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (28.02.2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2021.001.
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Abstract Introduction:Developing new training methods for improving the health of diabetic patients has always been a concern for nurses. The present study aims to investigate the effects of empowerment-based interventions with or without telenursing on self-efficacy and HbA1c level in diabetic patients. Methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 156 patients with type-2 diabetes were randomly assigned into two intervention groups (empowerment with/without telenursing) and one control group. All subjects in the intervention groups participated in two sessions of the empowerment program. However, only the group of empowerment with telenursing received telephone counseling for 12 weeks. The patients in the control group did not receive any intervention programs. Self-efficacy was measured by diabetes-specific self-efficacy scale. The HbA1c level was measured using Bionic kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Results:After 14 weeks, while the changes in self-efficacy scores of the control group were not statistically significant, they were significant in the two intervention groups. Comparison of the two intervention groups showed that self-efficacy was higher in the group of empowerment with telenursing. It was only in the empowerment with telenursing group that the reduction of HbA1 c was significant. Conclusion:Training based on empowerment models and emphasis on the strengths of clients in solving their own problems can play a major role in increasing self-efficacy and reduction of HbA1c level. In addition, a continuous training program, along with telephone follow-ups can result in higher self-efficacy and lower HbA1c level.
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Layne, Desmond R., Zhengwang Jiang und James W. Rushing. „577 The Influence of Reflective Film and ReTain on Red Skin Color and Maturity of `Gala' Apples in South Carolina“. HortScience 35, Nr. 3 (Juni 2000): 495E—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.495e.
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Replicated trials were conducted in summers of 1998 and 1999 at two commercial orchards (A and B) to determine the influence of a metalized, high-density polyethylene reflective film (SonocoRF, Sonoco Products Co., Hartsville, S.C.) and ReTain (Abbott Laboratories, Inc., N. Chicago, Ill.), on fruit red skin color and maturity of `Gala' apples. There were four experimental treatments: i) Control; ii) Reflective Film (RF); iii) ReTain; and iv) RF + ReTain. RF was laid 4 weeks before anticipated first pick date by laying a 5-ft-wide strip of plastic on either side of the tree row in the middle. ReTain was applied 4 weeks before harvest at the commercial rate in one orchard (A) and at 60% the commercial rate in the other orchard (B). At harvest, two 50-fruit samples were picked from each of four replicate blocks per treatment. All fruit were sized and visually sorted for color (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100% red surface, respectively). A 10-fruit subsample was selected following color sorting and evaluated for puncture pressure, soluble solids concentration (SSC) and starch hydrolysis. ReTain delayed maturity and reduced preharvest drop of `Gala'. Fruit from RF trees had a significantly greater percent red surface than fruit from trees not treated with RF. Fruit from RF + ReTain were significantly redder and had higher SSC than fruits from trees treated with ReTain alone. There were no differences in size, puncture pressure or starch hydrolysis between RF and RF + ReTain. RF appears to be a means to ensure greater redness in `Gala' treated with ReTain in South Carolina.
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Amjad Hashmi, Amara, Maqbool H. Sial und Maaida Hussain Hashmi. „Trends and Determinants of Rural Poverty: A Logistic Regression Analysis of Selected Districts of Punjab“. Pakistan Development Review 47, Nr. 4II (01.12.2008): 909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.909-923.
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Poverty has many dimensions, like malnourishment, no shelter, being ill and not having ability to visit a doctor, no facility to go to school, unemployment, uncertainty of tomorrow, surviving only one day at a time. Poverty is losing a kid to illness due to the infected water. Powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom is another name of poverty. Poverty is of many types varying from place to place and time to time, and, has been portrayed in various manners. Poverty is the “incapability to maintain a minimum living standard anticipated with respect to basic consumption needs or some amount of income required for satisfying them [World Bank (2006)]. The bulk of the global poor are rural and will linger on thus for numerous decades. The major portion of their expenditure is generally on staple food. They have little assets such as land and others, lack of schooling and face lots of interconnecting obstacles to develop. Approximately 1.2 billion people globally expend less than a standard; “dollara- day”; and are in “dollar poverty”; 44 percent in South Asia about 24 percent each in Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia and 32 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean. Almost 75 percent of the dollar poor lived and worked in rural areas in 2001. Projection made in 2001 suggested that 60 percent would continue to be in this state in 2005 [IFAD (2001)]. Pakistan’s population is estimated at around 155 million, and is growing at 1.9 percent per annum. Nearly 61 percent of the country’s populations live in rural areas. While 65 percent of the rural population is directly or indirectly linked with agriculture sector, it constitutes only 45 percent of their income [Pakistan (2006)]. According to the official statistics, poverty in the rural areas has gone down form 39 percent in 2001-02 to 28 percent in 2005-06. [Pakistan (2006)]. However, some studies have contradicted these contentions and argue that in contrast, the rural poverty has remained unchanged or even been trending higher over this period or at least not decreased as much as shown in official statistics. [Kemal (2003); Malik (2005); World Bank (2006); Anwar (2006)].
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Sanni, Felix O., Olumide F. Ajani, Elizabeth A. Sanni, Zachary T. Gwa, Michael O. Dada, Yemisi B. Alabi, Donald C. Udah und Jubril A. Kareem. „Occurrences and characteristics of forced marriages among girls married before the age of 16 in a Northern Nigerian State“. MGM Journal of Medical Sciences 11, Nr. 2 (April 2024): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_161_23.
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Abstract Background: Child marriage is deeply ingrained in Nigerian tradition, culture, and religion, and the country has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of coerced marriages among girls married before turning 16 in Borno, Nigeria. It perceives premarital unions as a substantial violation of human rights, particularly affecting the independence of adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study took place in three local government areas (LGAs) situated in Borno, Nigeria, namely Konduga, Jere, and Maiduguri Metropolitan City LGAs. Structured questionnaires were distributed to 210 female participants aged between 15 and 49, who were married before reaching 16, from 1989 to 2019, to gather data. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Results: The incidence of forced marriage among girls under 16 years old was recorded at 23.8%, notably higher during the period spanning from 1980 to 1989 at 37.5%. Among respondents currently married, approximately one-fifth (23.1%) disclosed being coerced into marriage. A higher proportion underwent forced marriage during the ages of 9–12 years, accounting for 33.3%. Moreover, a considerable portion of respondents with no formal education (28.6%) and those who attended Qur’anic schools (25.5%) were compelled into marriage. The prevalence of fistula among girls married early stood at 8.6%, with 10.6% among those not subjected to forced marriage and 2.0% among girls who were coerced. Among early married girls, 20.5% reported facing ill-treatment from their spouses, with a higher proportion (30.0%) among those coerced into marriage compared to those not coerced (17.5%). Additionally, gender-based violence from family members was notably more prevalent among girls forced into marriage (32.0%), with a significance level of P < 0.05. Conclusion: Efforts directed toward reducing the prevalence of girl-child marriage in Nigeria should focus on tackling entrenched cultural norms that differ among ethnic groups and religious beliefs. The public health implications encompass gender-based violence, abuse, and the breakdown of marriages.
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Atichartakarn, Vichai, Suporn Chuncharunee, Sukit Yamwong, Teerapat Yingchoncharoen, Sutipong Jongjirasiri, Napaporn Archararit, Umaporn Udomsubpayakul und Katcharin Aryurachai. „Relationship Between Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Spleen Volume in Non-Splenectomized Hemoglobin E/β-Thalassemia Patients“. Blood 118, Nr. 21 (18.11.2011): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2156.2156.
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Abstract Abstract 2156 Introduction: Clinically significant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been reported in splenectomized hemoglobin E/β-Thalassemia patients. Like primary PAH, the underlying basis is hypercoagulability related thrombotic pulmonary arteriopathy, which results in an increased pulmonary vascular resistance. In the non-splenectomized counterparts with no clear evidence of hypercoagulability only mild PAH is found. To evaluate role of splenomegaly and the accompanying increased blood volume in the pathogenesis of PAH in this group of patients, we studied the relationship between spleen volume and PA pressure. Patients and Methods: Nineteen clinically stable hemoglobin E/β-Thalassemia outpatients, on no medication aside from folic acid and who received no blood transfusion in the preceding 4 weeks were first analyzed in this ongoing study. All gave written informed consent, and study protocol was approved by the institution ethics committee on studies in humans (ID 07–53-01). PA pressure (PAP) was estimated by a single echocardiologist (T.Y.) using Philips iE33 echocardiographic system with a S5 probe (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA). Spleen volume was determined by CT scan with non-contrast, 320-slice, 3 mm axial cut (Aquilion one, Toshiba, Japan). Statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory data was done by SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill), considering a P value <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Patients' characteristics are shown. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or median (range) where appropriate. All had normal left ventricular systolic ejection fraction and no valvular heart disease. There was good correlation (r=0.609, P=0.006) between spleen volume and mean PAP. Conclusions: Non-splenectomized patients with hemoglobin E/β-Thalassemia have elevated PAP in proportion to spleen size, likely secondary to elevated blood volume. This situation is distinct from the pathologic PAH that results from increased pulmonary vascular resistance in splenectomized patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lim, Hyung-Bin, Min-Su Kim, Young-Joon Jo und Jung-Yeul Kim. „Short-Term Visual Acuity and Intraocular Pressure Changes and Their Correlation after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection“. Ophthalmologica 236, Nr. 1 (2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445038.
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Purpose: To assess the effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection on short-term changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity (VA) and the correlation between the two values. Methods: This study included 25 eyes of 25 patients undergoing intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) with preinjection uncorrected VA (UCVA) >20/40. IOP and UCVA were measured before injection and 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after injection, using a Tono-Pen (Reichert, Chicago, Ill., USA). The IOP and VA values before and after injection were compared. The correlation between IOP and VA at each time point was analyzed. Results: The preinjection IOP value (17.7 mm Hg) increased sharply to 43.1 mm Hg 1 min after injection, followed by a decrease to 30.4, 24.6, 20.7, 18.7, 18.2, and 17.7 mm Hg at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min, respectively. The preinjection UCVA value (0.21; logMAR) increased to 0.96 one minute after injection, followed by a decrease to 0.61, 0.44, 0.33, 0.27, 0.23, and 0.22 at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min, respectively. Significant differences were evident between the preinjection IOP and VA values and those observed over the 5- to 25-min period after injection (p < 0.05). The correlation between IOP and VA was significant 1, 5, and 10 min after injection [p < 0.001 (1 min), p = 0.033 (5 min), and p = 0.002 (10 min)]. Conclusions: Differences in all IOP and VA values were significant up to 25 min after IVB, compared with preinjection values; however, no significant difference was found 30 min after injection. Such fluctuations in VA and IOP were positively correlated. The patients' own knowledge of VA fluctuations after injection may provide ophthalmologists with sufficient evidence to make an indirect clinical judgment regarding short-term complications of intravitreal injection.
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Roy, Vineeta Dutta. „For sustainable social impact at Mangalajodi: change processes enabled by NatWest Bank India“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, Nr. 2 (12.07.2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2021-0109.
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Learning outcomes At the macro level, the case study enables the students to appreciate the complexity emerging market economies face in achieving economic development and environmental sustainability without comprising each other. The students understand the importance of behavioural change and empowerment of communities in projects dealing with transformational social changes. Theoretically, the students learn about the change mechanisms and organisational practices market-based organisations install to drive their positive social change (PSC) projects. At the micro level, students learn about the process of setting up Mangalajodi Ecotourism Trust (MET) – that not only enthused the local community economically but also instilled it with awareness and motivation towards sustaining its ecosystem. Analytically, at macro level, it assists the students to have a lens of PSC framework to examine corporate social responsibility, social entrepreneurship and BoP strategies of market-based organisations to affect social change. Application/problem solving: The case study explains to the students how the PSC levers of motivation, capability and opportunity structures were applied by NatWest Bank during different phases of project execution. As management grapples with new problems, the students are encouraged to use the levers to recommend an action plan. It allows students to apply SWOT and think of competitive strategies for MET. It allows students to think of strategies that may apply for a better management of Ecotourism at Mangalajodi. Case overview/synopsis As part of its broader commitment to sustainable development and climate change action, the NatWest Group (formerly Royal Bank of Scotland Group) launched its Supporting Enterprise Programme in India in the year 2007. The project aimed at creating income-generating opportunities for indigenous and economically vulnerable sections of society living in critical natural ecosystems. The project was under the leadership of N. Sunil Kumar, a zealous nature lover, with over two decades of experience in business strategy and public affairs and a specialty in environmental sustainability. He headed Sustainable Banking at NatWest and was head of NatWest Foundation-India. The Mangalajodi project shared the problems many of NatWest’s other projects in India presented. Poor communities that relied solely on natural resources for their sustenance slid deeper into poverty as ecosystems degraded. Lacking alternative sources of livelihood and facing scantier resources, the communities helplessly caused additional damage to weak ecosystems when they drew on the resources even more vigorously. Poaching of migratory birds for supplemental income was a huge problem at Mangalajodi; it was not only rapidly altering the ecosystem to sustain the birds but also deteriorating and weakening its ecology as a whole. Measures to eliminate poaching were failing in the absence of alternate means of livelihoods and a strong incentive to protect the birds. MET was established under the project in 2009. A decade later, it had become a resounding success. A community-owned and run enterprise, MET was providing direct employment to over 100 poorest families at the tiny village and creating income-generating opportunities and entrepreneurial ventures for many others. Poaching was practically negligible at Mangalajodi, and the community was drawing huge admiration for its role in conserving the ecosystem. However, the progress of Mangalajodi Ecotourism was paradoxical, on the one hand; its popularity was rising but, on the other hand, it was becoming overcrowded and looked ill managed. Its rising commercial value was bringing in more land developers, builders and investors, but permanent concrete structures were also coming up quite unscrupulously. There were many challenges – how should growth of ecotourism at Mangalajodi be managed? What mechanisms and practices ensured that the community was empowered enough to participate in decisions of land use, infrastructure, energy and waste management at Mangalajodi? How should MET become more competitive and innovative to grow despite future challenges? Complexity academic level The case study is useful for students of Management at Under Graduate and Post Graduate Levels for understanding the following: the sustainability of fragile ecosystems; the community at the intersection of sustainable development and natural resources conservation and protection of biodiversity; knowing in detail about the planning, implementation and management of ecotourism projects; and decisions regarding community-based ecotourism projects. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science
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Hattori, Masaya, Padma Sheila Rajagopal, Lise Sveen, Galina Khramtsova, Toshio Yoshimatsu, Nike Beaubier, Mathew Barber et al. „Genomic profiling of residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2019): e12106-e12106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12106.
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e12106 Background: Patients who have residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have a higher risk of metastatic recurrence. Residual disease likely includes therapy-resistant subclones of breast cancer cells, which untreated lead to metastases. The aim of this study was to identify additional adjuvant therapies based on genomic profiling of residual disease post NAC therapy. Methods: Next-generation sequencing of tumor samples from patients (pts) with residual invasive breast cancer after NAC was performed using a Tempus xT, 595 gene panel on matched tumor-normal samples. All samples were obtained from the University of Chicago Breast Cancer tissue bank. Clinical information was obtained from electronic health records and the cancer registry. Results: Of 23 evaluable patients enriched for African Americans, 65% were HER2-positive, 22% TNBC and 13% ER+/HER2-. At a median follow up of 2.9 years, 8 pts (35%) have recurred and 8 were dead. We identified 119 clinically actionable variants in 22 tumors, and the most commonly altered genes were TP53 (18 alterations, 74% of cases), ERBB2 (8, 26%), PIK3CA (7, 30%), CDK4 (4, 17%), MCL1 (4, 17%), and MDM2 (4, 17%). Of significance, 67% of HER2-positive pts had no detectable ERBB2 copy number gain in the residual tumor. 78% of pts had at least one potential druggable target according to CIViC and/or OncoKB: 19 variants in HER2-positive, 8 in HER2-negative. The mean estimated tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 4.34 m/MB (range: 0-26.7), and 13% were considered TMB-high ( > 9 m/MB). No patients had high-microsatellite instability type residual tumors. Conclusions: Many potentially targetable alterations reside in residual disease of both HER2-positive and -negative breast cancer after NAC. Post-NAC treatment targeting these harbored alterations and post-NAC immunotherapy could have impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients who have residual disease after NAC. [Table: see text]
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BLANCHARD, OLIVIER. „AN INTERVIEW WITH STANLEY FISCHER“. Macroeconomic Dynamics 9, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100505040344.
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This interview was completed in May 2004, well before Stan Fischer had any idea he would become Governor of the Bank of Israel, a position he took up in May 2005. The interview took place in April 2004 in my office at the Russell Sage Foundation in New York City, where I was spending a sabbatical year. We completed it while running together in Central Park during the following weeks.Our meeting at Russell Sage was just like the many meetings we have had over the years. I was not sitting with a Master of the Universe, a world VIP, but with the same Stan Fischer I had first met in 1973 when he was a young associate professor, freshly imported from Chicago. There was the same ability to listen carefully, the same ability to talk and to explain simply and straightforwardly. In addition, there was the accumulated wisdom of a professional life spent developing and applying macroeconomics to the very real world.When I arrived as a PhD student at MIT in 1973, it was clear that Stan would quickly play a central role in the department. Within a few years, he was one of the most popular teachers, and one of the most popular thesis advisers. We flocked to his office, and I suspect that the only time for research he had was during the night. What we admired most were his technical skills (he knew how to use stochastic calculus)—, and his ability to take on big questions and to simplify them to the point where the answer, ex post, looked obvious. When Rudi Dornbusch joined him in 1975, macro and international quickly became the most exciting fields at MIT. Imitation is the sincerest form of admiration, and this is very much what we all did.When I came back to MIT in 1982, this time as a faculty member, Stan had acquired near-guru status. Teaching the advanced macro courses with him, and writing “Lectures on Macroeconomics,” which we finished in 1988, was one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of my life. We both felt that there was a new macroeconomics, more micro-founded and full of promises and that we understood its architecture and its usefulness. Although we had not thought of it as a textbook, it quickly became one, and it is nice to know that it still sells surprisingly well today.As the years had passed, Stan had taken more and more interest in applying theory to the real world, working with Rudi on hyperinflation, being involved in the economics of peace with George Shultz in the Middle East. In 1988, he decided to jump from academia to the real world, and became Chief Economist of the World Bank. After a brief return to MIT, he then returned to Washington in 1994 to become First Deputy Managing Director of the IMF, where he remained until 2001. That part of his life has been well documented in newspapers and magazines: While at the IMF, he was on the front lines during the Mexican crisis, the Russian crisis, the Asian crises, and many others. From the peeks I got of him during those times, what strikes me most is how he remained the same as he had been at MIT: calm, careful about the facts, analytical, using macroeconomic theory even in the middle of the most intense fires. Many thought and hoped that he would become the managing director of the IMF. Antiquated rules and country politics prevented it from happening. The IMF's loss turned out to be the private sector's gain. In 2002, Stan joined Citigroup, where he is the President of Citigroup International. He is still active in macro policy debates and remains one of the wise men of our profession.
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Asubiojo, Benjamin, Peter E. Ng’wamkai, Benjamin C. Shayo, Rose Mwangi, Michael J. Mahande, Sia E. Msuya und Eusebious Maro. „Predictors and Barriers to Post Abortion Family Planning Uptake in Hai District, Northern Tanzania: A Mixed Methods Study“. East African Health Research Journal 5, Nr. 2 (15.11.2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.671.
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Introduction: Post Abortion Care (PAC) encompassing family planning counselling and contraception provision is a key strategy to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality especially in countries with restrictive abortion laws. Various factors affect the uptake of PAC modern family Planning (FP) in different settings. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, assessment of factors and barriers to PAC modern FP uptake in Hai district, Northern Tanzania Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted using an explanatory sequential design. Exit interviews using questionnaires was conducted among 189 women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 healthcare providers (HCPs) and 28 women who received PAC in Hai district hospital, Machame hospital and Moshi Specialists health centre in Hai district. Quantitative data was analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Science (IMB SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA)). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were applied to estimate the predictors of uptake of PAC modern FP. Thematic content analysis was employed to explore barriers to uptake of post-abortion modern family planning. Results: The prevalence of uptake of modern family planning following PAC was 59/189(31.2%). 56% of the 189 women who received PAC did not receive counselling services on family planning. Marital status and partner’s support were predictors of PAC modern family planning uptake (p=.007 vs. p= <.05, respectively). Misinformation and misconception about modern contraceptives, lack of knowledge and fear of side effects were reported to be the major barriers to uptake of post-abortion family planning. Most women reported to have not received comprehensive family planning information from the HCPs. On the other hand, HCPs perceived their poor counselling skills as the barrier to post-abortion family planning uptake. This study observed poor coordination of PAC services within each visited facility and this was linked to women leaving the facility without family planning counselling and/or contraceptives provision. Conclusion: Suboptimal modern family planning counselling during PAC contributes to the low uptake of contraceptives methods in this setting. Strategies are needed to improve PAC modern family planning services uptake. Strategies such as; provision of counselling skills to HCPs with comprehensive information targeting local contextual misconception and promoting PAC provision as a one-stop service.
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Prescott, Lauren S., Alaina J. Brown, Charlotte C. Sun, Charles F. Levenback, Lois M. Ramondetta und Diane C. Bodurka. „Transfusion utilization at the end of life.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, Nr. 30_suppl (20.10.2014): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.303.
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303 Background: Both the AMA’s Consortium for Performance Improvement and the Joint Commission have identified blood transfusions as one of the top 5 treatments that are over-utilized. We sought to quantify packed red blood cell transfusion (PRBT) utilization among ovarian cancer (OCa) pts in the last 6 months of life and identify risk factors for PRBT. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of deceased OCa pts treated at our institution in their last 6 months of life from 2007-2011. Pts who underwent emergent procedures for bleeding were excluded. Demographic and end of life-interventions were compared between transfusion and non-transfusion groups using chi-squared and univariate analysis. End-of-life interventions included anti-cancer treatment (chemotherapy radiation, or hormonal therapy), invasive procedure or abdominal surgery, as well as aggressive end-of-life care as defined by the NQF. Results: Of the 182 pts who met inclusion criteria, 59.9% received a PRBT in the last 6 months of life. Of those pts, 54.1% received a PRBT in the last 30 days of life. Mean hgb level at which pts were transfused was 8.4 ± 0.9 g/dL. Pts received a combined total of 436 units of PRBC. The majority of pts received 1 transfusion (n=50, range 1-16). Mean number of total units transfused was 4 (range 1-25). The most common indication for PRBT was hgb < 9 g/dL (61.1%), followed by symptomatic anemia (21.9%). There was no difference in PRBT rate between pts who received medical interventions in the last 6 months of life v. those who did not. Specifically, transfusion rate was not correlated with: anti-cancer treatments (93.2% v. 92.7%, OR 0.93; 95% CI (0.29, 2.96)), invasive procedures (82.2% v. 81.7%, OR 0.96; CI (0.45,2.08)), abdominal surgery (11.0% v. 11.0%, OR 1.01; 95% CI(0.39,2.59)), or aggressive end-of-life care (46.6% v. 56.9%, OR 1.51; 95% CI (0.83,2.74)). Conclusions: The majority of our pts received a PRBT in the last 6 months of life. We did not identify significant differences in clinical interventions between pts who received a PRBT and those who did not. Based on our analysis, transfusion practices in terminally ill OCa pts should be reevaluated. Creation of transfusion guidelines for cancer pts could potentially result in better utilization of blood bank resources.
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Janvier, Annie, Melissa Girard, Geneviève Myhal, Marie-Claude Chouinard, Diane Fournier, Antoine Lewin und Christian Renaud. „55 Milk Expression Habits in Maternal Milk Donors: Should We Favor Hindmilk Banking for Extremely Preterm Infants?“ Paediatrics & Child Health 28, Supplement_1 (01.09.2023): e25-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxad055.055.
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Abstract Background A maternal milk bank was established in 2014 in Québec. The caloric contents of pooled milk lots ranges from 58-73 calories/100 ml, whereas most babies need ≥82 calories/100 ml. Hindmilk is 2-3 times fatter than foremilk, contains more protein and would be ideal for the most fragile extremely preterm infants. This would avoid adding cow-milk protein fortifier in the first weeks of life. Hindmilk is only released 2-3 minutes post-letdown, so that the milk expression habits of donating mothers may influence caloric content. These habits are ill-documented, and precise recommendations on milk expression habits are needed. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of hindmilk expression by breastmilk donors so as to provide it for the most fragile preterm infants. Design/Methods In 2021, an electronic questionnaire was emailed to all active milk donors in Québec to collect data on their milk expression habits and their willingness to change them. The questionnaire contained both closed and open-ended questions. Response were analyzed using mixed methods. Results In total, 126 out of 181 donors (70%) completed the questionnaire. Most participants (78%) had a university degree, and 65.0% had >1 pregnancy. Overall, 98% were comfortable or very comfortable with current recommendations on milk expression, and 91% were aware or well aware of the benefits of maternal milk for preterm babies. Concerning breastfeeding habits, 68% reported expressing milk for banking between breastfeedings; 18% reported expressing milk for banking from one breast while keeping the milk from their other breast for their baby; and 14% reported breastfeeding their baby on each breast and keeping hindmilk for banking. Overall, 66% of participants said they would be willing to change their habits most or all the time to provide hindmilk for the most fragile babies. The main theme invoked in open-ended answers was altruism, and gratitude for being able to help others. On the other hand, few participants commented on the complexity of milk expression or reported that additional restrictions might discourage them from donating. Conclusion Most participating mothers were already giving foremilk and hindmilk. A significant proportion of respondents said they would agree to change their expression habits in favour of giving hindmilk to be used for only the most fragile infants. More information is needed on how changing recommendations for milk expression might impact the supply and caloric content of mothers’ milk.
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Khare, Atul. „Duodenal Atresia- Clinical Presentation and Management in Tertiary Care Centre“. Journal of Clinical Case Reports & Studies 4, Nr. 5 (30.09.2023): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8808/176.
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Introduction: Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is a common surgical anomaly in newborns, that can be diagnosed prenatally and requires careful planning for surgical repair after birth. This study focuses on the surgical management of duodenal atresia. Intestinal atresia is one of the most common and leading causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction (NIO), and second most common cause of NIO in many developing countries. In this study, we analysed the short term outcome of surgical management of intestinal atresia in our unit. Aims and objectives: This prospective and retrospective cohort study done in one-year period from march 2021 to march 2022 in a tertiary care hospital in Indian population [ mainly west India]. The main aim of our study is- ‘’Duodenal atresia- clinical presentation and management in tertiary care centre’’. Materials and methods: All patients of intestinal atresia admitted in our centre in neonatal unit in one-year period from march 2021 to march 2022 were included, the data recorded and analysed. Data of demographics, antenatal history, presentation, location, and type of IA (duodenal, jejuno-ileal, colonic), and peri-operative complications were recorded. After making our presumptive diagnosis with clinical assessment, an upright X-ray abdomen was taken and Decision for surgery was finalised. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 15.0 version, SPSS Inc, Chicago Ill) was used for data entry and analysis. Results were expressed as means, ranges and percentages. Results: 64 patients were male and 48 of them were female, M:F ratio was 1.3:1. Average weight of atresia was 2.14 kg [ranges from 1.1- 3.3kg] and mean age of presentation was 6.54 days [ranges from one day to 32 days]. Patients having age more than one week were only 28 [25%] in number. Cases were highest in December and lowest in the month of April. Muslim population were mostly associated with duodenal atresia. Intestinal atresia included different variants as follows, duodenal atresia- [n=44], Jejuno-ileal- [n=60], Colonic- [n=4], Multiple atresia- [n=4]. In duodenal atresia the distribution was as follows, DA- type-1 [n=14] in which annular pancreas [n=6] and perforated duodenal web [n=4], DA- type-2 [n=2] and DA-type-3 [n=28] cases. In duodenal atresia, TEF associated with [n=3], ARM associated with [n=3] and ARM with TEF both associated with [n=2] cases. In jejunoileal atresia type-1 [n=10], Type-2 [n=5], Type-3a [n=36], Type-3b [n=1], Type-4 [n=12] were recorded. In colonic atresia type-1 [n=3], type-2 [n=0] and type-3 [n=1] cases were recorded. In DA vomiting was the chief complaint while in JIA and IA abdominal distension, bilious vomiting and failure to pass meconium were the chief complains. All patients required surgical repair. A surprising result was found in jejunal atresia patients treated with tapering enteroplasty with trans-anastomotic tube with 100% survival rates. Most common complication was functional obstruction followed by SSI and anastomotic leak. Most of the patients required reoperation in JIA cases. Return of bowel function was seen in 4.3 days in DA, 6.2 days in JIA and 8.4 days in colonic atresia. Mean hospital stay for DA was noted to be 11.4 days, for jejunal atresia it was around 12.8 days and for CA it was found to be 11.5 days for survivors. Overall survival rates of surgery of intestinal atresia after surgery was 51.8%, among which DA accounted to 59.1%, jejuno-ileal atresia- 50% and for CA- 50%. During the one month follow up period, mainly cough and cold n=7 [6.25%], fever n=5 [4.46%], functional obstruction n=2 [1.78%] and with sepsis in n=1 [0.9%] were found. Conclusions: Short term survival of neonates with intestinal atresias in our unit is still poor when compared with statistics from developed countries. Thus efforts are being made to improve the surgical outcome and to understand difficulties faced by surgeons with the help of this study.
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Saugandhika, S., H. N. Malik, S. Saini, V. Sharma, S. Bag, S. Kumar, A. K. Mohanty, J. K. Kaushik und D. Malakar. „208 CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BUFFALO INTERFERON-TAU AND EFFICACY OF RECOMBINANT BUFFALO INTERFERON-TAU FOR IN VITRO EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, Nr. 1 (2015): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab208.
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Interferon tau (IFN-tau) is known as maternal pregnancy recognition factor in ruminants. IFN-tau not only acts as a signalling molecule of pregnancy recognition but also performs various functions for successful implantation and pregnancy establishment. The aim of the present study was to produce recombinant buffalo interferon-tau (BuIFN-Tau) and observe if it has any effect on in vitro embryo development. The BuIFN-Tau gene was obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from hatched buffalo blastocysts and was cloned into pJET cloning vector. Screening of the recombinant colonies gave 8 distinct buffalo IFN-tau isoforms, out of which the predominant buffalo IFN-t tau1 isoform (gene bank accession number JX481984), was subcloned into expression vector pET22b without signal sequence. The recombinant plasmid was induced to express the recombinant protein by isopropyl b-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. Analysis of the products of recombinant BuIFN-tau without signal sequence by SDS–PAGE revealed a new 20-kDa protein coinciding with the molecular weight of IFN-tau as reported earlier in literature. The purified recombinant BuIFN-tau was confirmed by Western blot using anti-HIS antibody and was subjected to three steps of large-scale purification using HIS affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. Finally, a relatively pure histidine-tagged recombinant protein, which had a purity of at least 90%, was generated as confirmed through SDS. The concentration of recombinant BuIFN-tau was 1 mg mL–1 by Bradford assay. The purified recombinant BuIFN-tau was used as supplement of the culture medium for IVF early buffalo embryos at the following concentrations: control, 1, 2, and 4 µg mL–1. Sixty oocytes each in 4 groups (with 20 oocytes/drop in three replicates for each group) were used for in vitro maturation. After 24 h, the matured oocytes were incubated with in vitro capacitated sperm cells for 18 h; thereafter, the presumptive zygotes were cultured in IVC medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4 µg mL–1 of the purified recombinant BuIFN-tau. The experiment was repeated 3 times. The data were analysed using SYSTAT 7.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) after arcsin transformation of percentage values. The differences were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference test. Out of 3 concentrations of recombinant BuIFN-tau, the 2 µg mL–1 concentration significantly promoted the rate of blastocyst development, 45.55% against 31.1% (control; P < 0.01). Blastocyst development rate for low and high concentrations was 29.97% and 10.18% respectively. It is concluded that the addition of 2 µg mL–1 of recombinant BuIFN-tau enhances the blastocyst development rate in buffalo, and hence there is some evidence that BuIFN-tau has not only a role in maternal recognition of pregnancy but also in embryonic development.
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Napolitano, Mariasanta, Luca Valore, Giorgia Saccullo, Alessandra Malato, Calogero Vetro, Maria Enza Mitra, Alessandro Lucchesi et al. „Management of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Results from a Multicenter Study“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3688.3688.
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Abstract Background In the last decades, evaluation of thrombotic complications secondary to acute leukemia (AL) has been poorly investigated. Only scant data are available on management and prevention of thrombosis in this setting. We performed a multicenter retrospective study with the aim to evaluate the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AL and to report the most commonly adopted regimens of treatment. Materials and methods Available clinical records of out and in-patients diagnosed with AL from January 2008 to June 2013 in 7 Reference Regional Hospitals were analyzed. Cases of VTE, including thrombosis in atypical sites [Retinal occlusion (RO) and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis (SCT)], were reported. All data were recorded in a dedicated electronic database. The patient’s basic demographic data (age, gender, race), medical history, disease-related information, and laboratory data were extracted. Instrumental diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and RO and SCT was performed according to ACCP guidelines. Data were collected and analysed by the IBM SPSS Software 21.0 version (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Ill, US) and the Epi Info software, version 3.2.2, (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, included descriptive statistics, was performed for all the items. Results Over a population of 1461 patients with AL, 99 (6.8%) cases of VTE were recorded, mainly in hospitalized patients: 72 cases were associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and 27 with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), with a mean age of 52.2 ± 15.4 years (median age: 53years). In particular the incidence/ratio over the sub-population of AML-patients was 6.0%, that is 72/1191 cases; with a mean age of 54.7 ± 14.3 years (median age: 57 years). VTE occurred during chemotherapy (CHT) in 90/99 (90%) cases, mainly during the induction phase of treatment (in 70% of cases ),the remaining 9 cases were diagnosed in concomitance with acute leukemia. In both subgroups with VT, there was no statistical significant difference between time at diagnosis of VT and time at diagnosis of AL. Treatment of VTE was mainly based on Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), in accordance with results from previous studies and current guidelines (full dosage for the first month from diagnosis and reduced dosage at 75% for the following months). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 55 patients at diagnosis of AL, in 33 cases platelets were <50x109/L. Most VTE episodes (73/99, 73.7%) were treated with LMWH as above reported . In patients with moderate/severe thrombocytopenia, a dose adjusted to platelet count was adopted; most of the investigators used LMWH at prophylactic dosage. Two cases received fondaparinux, one patient was treated with unfractioned heparin; six cases did not receive any treatment due to severe thrombocytopenia. No cases of VT–related deaths nor fatal complications during treatment for VTE were reported. All treatments with LMWH lasted from 3 to 6 months. All patients clinically recovered from VTE, only 2 late recurrences (PEs) were observed. Conclusion VTE can complicate the clinical course of AL in a not negligible percentage of cases. Anticoagulant treatment schedules and duration in patients with AL are influenced by many factors, mainly related to chemotherapy and severe thrombocytopenia. In the analyzed subset of patients, full dose treatment with LMWH for at least one month followed by a dose reduction for at least three months was appropriate. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bustamante, Christian Bryan. „Benedictine Value of Stability and Academic Leadership in times of Pandemic and Crisis“. Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts 12, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.57106/scientia.v12i1.144.
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The paper discussed the impact of Covid-19 pandemic to academic leadership. One of the impacts of the pandemic to academic leadership was the ability to deal with unprecedented disruption and high uncertainty that had great effect not only to education and learning but also to mental health and well-being. As a consequece, the pandemic demanded for a change in leadership practice that could deal with disruption and uncertainty. This study posited that the Benedictine value of stability responds to this very specific need. The value of stability demonstrated what an academic leader must do to fulfill his/her leadership role in times of disruption and uncertainty.ReferencesAvidan, Aviva & Yonit Nissim. ‘The Kindergarten-Teachers’ Leadership and Management during the Corona Pandemic (COVID 19): From Uncertainty to Caring.” In Proceedings of IAC in Budapest 2021. ISBN 978-80-88203-24-7.Casey, Michael, OCSO. Strangers to the City: Reflections on the Beliefs and Values of the Rule of Saint Benedict. Massachusetts: Paraclete Press, 2013.Chittister, Joan D., OSB. The Rule of Benedict: Insights for the Ages. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1993.de Waal, Esther de Waal. The Life-Giving Way: A Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1995.Eckerstorfer, Bernard A., OSB. “Monastic Stabilitas in the World of Today.” In The American Benedictine Review. 69:3. September 2018. ISSN:0002-7650.Harris and Jones. “Leading During a Pandemic – What the Evidence Tells us.” School Leadership & Management. 42:2. 2022. 105-109. DOI:10.1080/13632434.2022.2064626.Harris, Alma & Michelle Jones. “Covid 19 – School Leadership in Disruptive Times.” School Leadership & Management. 40:4. 2020. 243-247. DOI:10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479.Joan, Chittister. Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today. New York: HarperCollins Publisher, 1990.Kahn and Katz. “Leadership Practices in Relation to Productivity.” In Classic Readings in Organizational Behavior. J. Steven Ott. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1989.Kaufman, Walter. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1974.Kraemer, Harry Jr. From Values to Action: The Four Principles of Values-Based Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011.Lien, Camilla Martine, et al. “School Principals’ Experiences and Learning from the Covid-19 Pandemic in Norway.” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. 2022. DOI: 10.1080/00313831.2022.2043430.Lowney, C. Heroic Leadership: Best Practices from a 450-Year-Old Company that Changed the World. Chicago: Loyola Press, 2003.McGregor, Douglas M. “An Analysis of Leadership in J. Steven Ott.” In Classic Readings in Organizational Behavior. Eds. J. Steven Ott. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1989.Polan, Gregory, OSB. “Spiritual Value of the Benedictine Vow of Stability.” The American Benedictine Review. 69:3. September 2018. ISSN:0002-7650.Robinson, Ken and Lou Aronica. Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education. New York: Penguin Books, 2015.Sergiovanni, Thomas J. “Leadership as Cultural Expression.” In Classic Readings in Organizational Behavior. Eds. J. Steven Ott. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1989.The World Bank, et. al. The State of Global Learning Poverty: 2022 Update. Conference Ed. June 23, 2022.Tinsley, Ambrose, OSB. Pax: The Benedictine Way. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1994.Williams, Avis. Leadership Through Crisis: A Framework for Choosing Joy in Educational Leadership. March 2022.
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Cserti, Christine M., Michael Ward und Lynne Uhl. „Impact of a Policy To Use Only Group O Red Cell Transfusions for Recipients with Fewer-than-Twice Established ABO Types: A Feasible Means To Reduce Potential ABO-Incompatible Transfusion Errors.“ Blood 108, Nr. 11 (16.11.2006): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.970.970.
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Abstract Background: A Group O Policy, which issues group O red blood cells (O-RBC) to recipients whose ABO types have not been duplicated on at least 2 separate occasions, has been in place at this 550-bed hospital since 1991. Its inception was a response to the frequency of wrong blood in tube (WBIT) events identified by discrepant serial ABO typings, which had been disproportionately concentrated among critically ill patients, a population at high risk of transfusion and misdraw. This policy was thought to better address such sources of mistransfusion error than delivery-based patient identification technologies. Methods: For the period from 1/1/2004 - 12/31/2005, the policy’s impact was reviewed according to utilization of O-RBC, frequency of critical O-RBC shortage, intervals to type confirmation, the identification of protracted users of policy O-RBC, the frequency of WBIT events as revealed by ABO typing discrepancies, the frequency of ABO-incompatible transfusion errors, and the frequency with which ABO-incompatible transfusion errors were averted as a result of the policy. Results: In 2004, 479 (4.5%) of a total of 10,575 units of O-RBC were transfused due to the policy. In 2005, 689 (6.1%) of a total of 11,293 units of O-RBC were transfused due to the policy. Increase in the use of O-RBC from 2004 to 2005 was by 718 units (6.7%), while the increase in the use of group O-RBC for the policy increased disproportionately by 210 units (43.8%). Over the 2 year period, a monthly median excess of 43 units (range 24–85) of O-RBC were issued in accordance with the policy. Daily excess use of O-RBC for the policy was a median of 1 unit (range 0–19). There were 291 days when no policy-related O-RBC were used, and only 3 days when more than 10 units were used. The interval between a 1st and 2nd (confirmatory) typing, when achieved, occurred within 24 hours for 15.4% of patients, but was a median of 23 days, and ranged from minutes to 21.5 years. Confirmatory re-typing activity within less than 72h of the 1st occurred in a minority of 28%, possibly reflecting nonessential repetition and/or deliberate action to release patients from policy-related O-RBC restrictions. Patients who were protracted users of Group O policy blood (no confirmatory type and/or repeatedly indeterminate typing) were neonates (310 units [26.5%]) and recipients of ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplants (76 units [6.5%]). The blood bank identified misdrawn blood through typing discrepancies in 6 patients over 2 years. Transfusion occurred uneventfully in 3 of these 6, as the misdraw was made apparent by comparison with prior typings on file in 2, and patient knowledge of correct type in 1. The misdrawn specimen was the 1st one in 2 of 6. Of the 3 who were not transfused, the misdraw suggested a type that would have led in all to the transfusion of clinically incompatible blood, had the knowledge of prior type, and the policy, both been absent. ABO-incompatible red cell transfusion errors did not occur, although this was a greater function of luck than the policy in the interval. Conclusions: A policy instituted to prevent ABO-incompatible transfusion errors, by providing O-RBC to those with unconfirmed blood types, appeared to be both feasible, and potentially mistransfusion-preventative, at a high-volume tertiary-care teaching hospital.